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Zhang D, Yang J, Huang Q, Zhao D, Wang T, Yu D, Qin L, Zhang K. Molecular functions of HAX1 during disease progress. Virus Genes 2024; 60:435-445. [PMID: 38992331 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1) is a newly discovered multifunctional cell regulatory protein that is widely expressed in cells and has a close relationship with multiple cellular proteins. HAX1 plays important roles in various processes, including the regulation of apoptosis, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential stability and calcium homeostasis, occurrence and development of diseases, post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and host immune response after viral infection. In this article, we have reviewed the research progress on the biological functions of HAX1, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for further exploration of its underlying mechanisms and targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengshuai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dixi Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keshan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Cai WF, Jiang L, Liang J, Dutta S, Huang W, He X, Wu Z, Paul C, Gao X, Xu M, Kanisicak O, Zheng J, Wang Y. HAX1-Overexpression Augments Cardioprotective Efficacy of Stem Cell-Based Therapy Through Mediating Hippo-Yap Signaling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1569-1586. [PMID: 38713406 PMCID: PMC11319392 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Although stem/progenitor cell therapy shows potential for myocardial infarction repair, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy could be achieved through additional genetic modifications. HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1) has been identified as a versatile modulator responsible for cardio-protective signaling, while its role in regulating stem cell survival and functionality remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether HAX1 can augment the protective potential of Sca1+ cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) for myocardial injury. The overexpression of HAX1 significantly increased cell proliferation and conferred enhanced resistance to hypoxia-induced cell death in CSCs. Mechanistically, HAX1 can interact with Mst1 (a prominent conductor of Hippo signal transduction) and inhibit its kinase activity for protein phosphorylation. This inhibition led to enhanced nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and activation of downstream therapeutic-related genes. Notably, HAX1 overexpression significantly increased the pro-angiogenic potential of CSCs, as demonstrated by elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factors. Importantly, implantation of HAX1-overexpressing CSCs promoted neovascularization, protected against functional deterioration, and ameliorated cardiac fibrosis in ischemic mouse hearts. In conclusion, HAX1 emerges as a valuable and efficient inducer for enhancing the effectiveness of cardiac stem or progenitor cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Suchandrima Dutta
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Xingyu He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Junmeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA.
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Trębińska-Stryjewska A, Wakula M, Chmielarczyk M, Grzybowska EA. HAX1: A versatile, intrinsically disordered regulatory protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119538. [PMID: 37454914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
HAX1 is a relatively small, ubiquitously expressed, predominantly mitochondrial, intrinsically disordered protein. It has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, cell migration, calcium cycling, proteostasis, angiogenesis, autophagy and translation. A wide spectrum of functions, numerous interactions and still elusive molecular mechanisms of action make HAX1 an intriguing subject of research. Moreover, HAX1 is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases; its deficiency leads to neutropenia and its overexpression is associated with cancer. In this review we aim to describe the characteristics of HAX1 gene and protein, and comprehensively discuss its multiple functions, highlighting the emerging role of HAX1 in protection from stress and apoptosis through maintaining cellular proteostasis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Wakula
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa A Grzybowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Cao Y, Yang R, Wang W, Jiang S, Yang C, Wang Q, Liu N, Xue Y, Lee I, Meng X, Yuan Z. Effects of membrane lipids on phospholamban pentameric channel structure and ion transportation mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:766-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Balcerak A, Macech-Klicka E, Wakula M, Tomecki R, Goryca K, Rydzanicz M, Chmielarczyk M, Szostakowska-Rodzos M, Wisniewska M, Lyczek F, Helwak A, Tollervey D, Kudla G, Grzybowska EA. The RNA-Binding Landscape of HAX1 Protein Indicates Its Involvement in Translation and Ribosome Assembly. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192943. [PMID: 36230905 PMCID: PMC9564044 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HAX1 is a human protein with no known homologues or structural domains. Mutations in the HAX1 gene cause severe congenital neutropenia through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Previous studies reported the RNA-binding capacity of HAX1, but the role of this binding in physiology and pathology remains unexplained. Here, we report the transcriptome-wide characterization of HAX1 RNA targets using RIP-seq and CRAC, indicating that HAX1 binds transcripts involved in translation, ribosome biogenesis, and rRNA processing. Using CRISPR knockouts, we find that HAX1 RNA targets partially overlap with transcripts downregulated in HAX1 KO, implying a role in mRNA stabilization. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that genes differentially expressed in HAX1 KO (including genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and translation) are also enriched in a subset of genes whose expression correlates with HAX1 expression in four analyzed neoplasms. The functional connection to ribosome biogenesis was also demonstrated by gradient sedimentation ribosome profiles, which revealed differences in the small subunit:monosome ratio in HAX1 WT/KO. We speculate that changes in HAX1 expression may be important for the etiology of HAX1-linked diseases through dysregulation of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balcerak
- Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Macech-Klicka
- Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wakula
- Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Tomecki
- Laboratory of RNA Processing and Decay, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Chmielarczyk
- Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Szostakowska-Rodzos
- Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wisniewska
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Metal Ions, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Lyczek
- Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Helwak
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David Tollervey
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Grzegorz Kudla
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ewa A. Grzybowska
- Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Chatterjee S, Lekmeechai S, Constantinou N, Grzybowska EA, Kozik Z, Choudhary JS, Berger CN, Frankel G, Clements A. The type III secretion system effector EspO of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli inhibits apoptosis through an interaction with HAX-1. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13366. [PMID: 34021690 PMCID: PMC7613270 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many enteric pathogens employ a type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate effector proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm, where they subvert signalling pathways of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we report that the anti-apoptotic regulator HS1-associated protein X1 (HAX-1) is an interaction partner of the T3SS effectors EspO of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium, OspE of Shigella flexneri and Osp1STYM of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. EspO, OspE and Osp1STYM have previously been reported to interact with the focal adhesions protein integrin linked kinase (ILK). We found that EspO localizes both to the focal adhesions (ILK localisation) and mitochondria (HAX-1 localisation), and that increased expression of HAX-1 leads to enhanced mitochondrial localisation of EspO. Ectopic expression of EspO, OspE and Osp1STYM protects cells from apoptosis induced by staurosporine and tunicamycin. Depleting cells of HAX-1 indicates that the anti-apoptotic activity of EspO is HAX-1 dependent. Both HAX-1 and ILK were further confirmed as EspO1-interacting proteins during infection using T3SS-delivered EspO1. Using cell detachment as a proxy for cell death we confirmed that T3SS-delivered EspO1 could inhibit cell death induced during EPEC infection, to a similar extent as the anti-apoptotic effector NleH, or treatment with the pan caspase inhibitor z-VAD. In contrast, in cells lacking HAX-1, EspO1 was no longer able to protect against cell detachment, while NleH1 and z-VAD maintained their protective activity. Therefore, during both infection and ectopic expression EspO protects cells from cell death by interacting with HAX-1. These results suggest that despite the differences between EHEC, C. rodentium, Shigella and S. typhimurium infections, hijacking HAX-1 anti-apoptotic signalling is a common strategy to maintain the viability of infected cells. TAKE AWAY: EspO homologues are found in EHEC, Shigella, S. typhimurium and some EPEC. EspO homologues interact with HAX-1. EspO protects infected cells from apoptosis. EspO joins a growing list of T3SS effectors that manipulate cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Chatterjee
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sujinna Lekmeechai
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Constantinou
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ewa A. Grzybowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kozik
- Functional Proteomics Group, The Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jyoti S. Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, The Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Cedric N. Berger
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Abigail Clements
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
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The interactome of multifunctional HAX1 protein suggests its role in the regulation of energy metabolism, de-aggregation, cytoskeleton organization and RNA-processing. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226900. [PMID: 33146709 PMCID: PMC7670567 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1) is a multifunctional protein involved in many cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell migration and calcium homeostasis, but its mode of action still remains obscure. Multiple HAX1 protein partners have been identified, but they are involved in many distinct pathways, form different complexes and do not constitute a coherent group. By characterizing HAX1 protein interactome using targeted approach, we attempt to explain HAX1 multiple functions and its role in the cell. Presented analyses indicate that HAX1 interacts weakly with a wide spectrum of proteins and its interactome tends to be cell-specific, which conforms to a profile of intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). Moreover, we have identified a mitochondrial subset of HAX1 protein partners and preliminarily characterized its involvement in the cellular response to oxidative stress and aggregation.
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Gopinath T, Weber D, Wang S, Larsen E, Veglia G. Solid-State NMR of Membrane Proteins in Lipid Bilayers: To Spin or Not To Spin? Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1430-1439. [PMID: 33655754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins mediate a plethora of cellular functions and represent important targets for drug development. Unlike soluble proteins, membrane proteins require native-like environments to fold correctly and be active. Therefore, modern structural biology techniques have aimed to determine the structure and dynamics of these membrane proteins at physiological temperature and in liquid crystalline lipid bilayers. With the flourishing of new NMR methodologies and improvements in sample preparations, magic angle spinning (MAS) and oriented sample solid-state NMR (OS-ssNMR) spectroscopy of membrane proteins is experiencing a new renaissance. Born as antagonistic approaches, these techniques nowadays offer complementary information on the structural topology and dynamics of membrane proteins reconstituted in lipid membranes. By spinning biosolid samples at the magic angle (θ = 54.7°), MAS NMR experiments remove the intrinsic anisotropy of the NMR interactions, increasing spectral resolution. Internuclear spin interactions (spin exchange) are reintroduced by RF pulses, providing distances and torsion angles to determine secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of membrane proteins. OS-ssNMR, on the other hand, directly detects anisotropic NMR parameters such as dipolar couplings (DC) and anisotropic chemical shifts (CS), providing orientational constraints to determine the architecture (i.e., topology) of membrane proteins relative to the lipid membrane. Defining the orientation of membrane proteins and their interactions with lipid membranes is of paramount importance since lipid-protein interactions can shape membrane protein conformations and ultimately define their functional states.In this Account, we report selected studies from our group integrating MAS and OS-ssNMR techniques to give a comprehensive view of the biological processes occurring at cellular membranes. We focus on the main experiments for both techniques, with an emphasis on new implementation to increase both sensitivity and spectral resolution. We also describe how the structural constraints derived from both isotropic and anisotropic NMR parameters are integrated into dynamic structural modeling using replica-averaged orientational-restrained molecular dynamics simulations (RAOR-MD). We showcase small membrane proteins that are involved in Ca2+ transport and regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle contractility: phospholamban (PLN, 6 kDa), sarcolipin (SLN, 4 kDa), and DWORF (4 kDa). We summarize our results for the structures of these polypeptides free and in complex with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA, 110 kDa). Additionally, we illustrate the progress toward the determination of the structural topology of a six transmembrane protein associated with succinate and acetate transport (SatP, hexamer 120 kDa). From these examples, the integrated MAS and OS-ssNMR approach, in combination with modern computational methods, emerges as a way to overcome the challenges posed by studying large membrane protein systems.
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Abstract
Functions of intrinsically disordered proteins do not require structure. Such structure-independent functionality has melted away the classic rigid "lock and key" representation of structure-function relationships in proteins, opening a new page in protein science, where molten keys operate on melted locks and where conformational flexibility and intrinsic disorder, structural plasticity and extreme malleability, multifunctionality and binding promiscuity represent a new-fangled reality. Analysis and understanding of this new reality require novel tools, and some of the techniques elaborated for the examination of intrinsically disordered protein functions are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
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