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Li D, Su Y, Li J, Liu R, Fang B, He J, Xu W, Zhu L. Applications and Challenges of Bacteriostatic Aptamers in the Treatment of Common Pathogenic Bacteria Infections. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4568-4586. [PMID: 37728999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The continuous evolution and spread of common pathogenic bacteria is a major challenge in diagnosis and treatment with current biotechnology and modern molecular medicine. To confront this challenge, scientists urgently need to find alternatives for traditional antimicrobial agents. Various bacteriostatic aptamers obtained through SELEX screening are one of the most promising strategies. These bacteriostatic aptamers can reduce bacterial infection by blocking bacterial toxin infiltration, inhibiting biofilm formation, preventing bacterial invasion of immune cells, interfering with essential biochemical processes, and other mechanisms. In addition, aptamers may also help enhance the function of other antibacterial materials/drugs when used in combination. This paper has reviewed the bacteriostatic aptamers in the treatment of common pathogenic bacteria infections. For this aspect, first, bacteriostatic aptamers and their screening strategies are summarized. Then, the effect of molecular tailoring and modification on the performance of the bacteriostatic aptamer is analyzed, and the antibacterial mechanism and antibacterial strategy based on aptamers are introduced. Finally, the key technical challenges and their development prospects in clinical treatment are also carefully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Li
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Li
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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2
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Srivastava S, Dey S, Mukhopadhyay S. Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Where Are We Now? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11051013. [PMID: 37243117 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top 10 leading causes of death in low-income countries. Statistically, TB kills more than 30,000 people each week and leads to more deaths than any other infectious disease, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and malaria. TB treatment is largely dependent on BCG vaccination and impacted by the inefficacy of drugs, absence of advanced vaccines, misdiagnosis improper treatment, and social stigma. The BCG vaccine provides partial effectiveness in demographically distinct populations and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB incidences demands the design of novel TB vaccines. Various strategies have been employed to design vaccines against TB, such as: (a) The protein subunit vaccine; (b) The viral vector vaccine; (c) The inactivation of whole-cell vaccine, using related mycobacteria, (d) Recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) protein or some non-essential gene deleted BCG. There are, approximately, 19 vaccine candidates in different phases of clinical trials. In this article, we review the development of TB vaccines, their status and potential in the treatment of TB. Heterologous immune responses generated by advanced vaccines will contribute to long-lasting immunity and might protect us from both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. Therefore, advanced vaccine candidates need to be identified and developed to boost the human immune system against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Srivastava
- Research and Development Office, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat 131029, Haryana, India
| | - Sajal Dey
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India
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3
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Chen XF, Zhao X, Yang Z. Aptamer-Based Antibacterial and Antiviral Therapy against Infectious Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17601-17626. [PMID: 34854680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules selected in vitro that can bind to a broad range of targets with high affinity and specificity. As promising alternatives to conventional anti-infective agents, aptamers have gradually revealed their potential in the combat against infectious diseases. This article provides an overview on the state-of-art of aptamer-based antibacterial and antiviral therapeutic strategies. Diverse aptamers targeting pathogen-related components or whole pathogenic cells are summarized according to the species of microorganisms. These aptamers exhibited remarkable in vitro and/or in vivo inhibitory effect for pathogenic invasion, enzymatic activities, or viral replication, even for some highly drug-resistant strains and biofilms. Aptamer-mediated drug delivery and controlled drug release strategies are also included herein. Critical technical barriers of therapeutic aptamers are briefly discussed, followed by some future perspectives for their implementation into clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510320, PR China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510005, PR China
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Chang Q, Ji W, Lu Q, Xue J, Hua R, Wu X. Bioavailability and toxicity of imazethapyr in maize plant estimated by four chemical extraction techniques in different soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149594. [PMID: 34418631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability and toxicity of herbicides on the crop depend on its uptake efficiency from the soil, and thus the assessment of the bioavailable fraction of herbicides in soil is a crucial work. In this study, we investigated the uptake concentration and toxicity of imazethapyr in maize plant using four chemical measurements, including the extraction of in situ pore water (CIPW), ex situ pore water (CEPW), organic solvent (Csoil) and passive sampling (Cfree) in five soils. The results obtained that the CIPW in a specific soil had the most significant correlation with the uptake concentration of imazethapyr in maize plant (R2 = 0.8851-0.9708), followed by CEPW (R2 = 0.8911-0.9565) and Cfree (R2 = 0.7881-0.9673). However, Cfree showed a higher correlation when considering all five soils, and thus Cfree can describe the bioavailability beyond the types of soil. Additionally, the median inhibition concentrations (IC50) of imazethapyr to maize plant ranged from 5.0 to 6.9 mg/kg in five soils, and the CIPW, CEPW and Cfree had better relationships with the IC50 (R2 > 0.8681) than the Csoil (R2 = 0.6782). The effects of soil properties on the phytotoxicity of imazethapyr, including pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity and clay content, were studied, and the soil pH was shown to be a main factor. This study demonstrated that the freely dissolved fraction and soil pore water concentration of imazethapyr in soil can be used to evaluate its bioavailability and toxicity to maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Weiping Ji
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingxiang Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China.
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Nosrati M, Amani J. In silico screening of ssDNA aptamer against Escherichia coli O157:H7: A machine learning and the Pseudo K-tuple nucleotide composition based approach. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 95:107568. [PMID: 34543910 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to in silico screening of ssDNA aptamer against Escherichia coli O157:H7 by combination of machine learning and the PseKNC approach. For this, firstly a total numbers of 47 validated ssDNA aptamers as well as 498 random DNA sequences were considered as positive and negative training data respectively. The sequences then converted to numerical vectors using PseKNC method through Pse-in-one 2.0 web server. After that, the numerical vectors were subjected to classification by the SVM, ANN and RF algorithms available in Orange 3.2.0 software. The performances of the tested models were evaluated using cross-validation, random sampling and ROC curve analyzes. The primary results demonstrated that the ANN and RF algorithms have appropriate performances for the data classification. To improve the performances of mentioned classifiers the positive training data was triplicated and re-training process was also performed. The results confirmed that data size improvement had significant effect on the accuracy of data classification especially about RF model. Subsequently, the RF algorithm with accuracy of 98% was selected for aptamer screening. The thermodynamics details of folding process as well as secondary structures of the screened aptamers were also considered as final evaluations. The results confirmed that the selected aptamers by the proposed method had appropriate structure properties and there is no thermodynamics limit for the aptamers folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Nosrati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Srivastava S, Abraham PR, Mukhopadhyay S. Aptamers: An Emerging Tool for Diagnosis and Therapeutics in Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:656421. [PMID: 34277465 PMCID: PMC8280756 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.656421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been plaguing human civilization for centuries, and currently around one-third of the global population is affected with TB. Development of novel intervention tools for early diagnosis and therapeutics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is the main thrust area in today's scenario. In this direction global efforts were made to use aptamers, the chemical antibodies as tool for TB diagnostics and therapeutics. This review describes the various aptamers introduced for targeting M.tb and highlights the need for development of novel aptamers to selectively target virulent proteins of M.tb for vaccine and anti-TB drugs. The objective of this review is to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic application of aptamers used for tuberculosis. The discovery of aptamers, SELEX technology, different types of SELEX development processes, DNA and RNA aptamers reported for diseases and pathogenic agents as well have also been described in detail. But the emphasis of this review is on the development of aptamers which can block the function of virulent mycobacterial components for developing newer TB vaccine candidates and/or drug targets. Aptamers designed to target M.tb cell wall proteins, virulent factors, secretory proteins, or combination could orchestrate advanced diagnosis and therapeutic measures for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Srivastava
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| | - Philip Raj Abraham
- Unit of OMICS, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (VCRC), Puducherry, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
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De novo ssRNA Aptamers against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: In Silico Design and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136874. [PMID: 34206794 PMCID: PMC8267631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have generated ssRNA aptamers to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, a protease necessary for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus replication. Because there is no aptamer 3D structure currently available in the databanks for this protein, first, we modeled an ssRNA aptamer using an entropic fragment-based strategy. We refined the initial sequence and 3D structure by using two sequential approaches, consisting of an elitist genetic algorithm and an RNA inverse process. We identified three specific aptamers against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, called MAptapro, MAptapro-IR1, and MAptapro-IR2, with similar 3D conformations and that fall in the dimerization region of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro necessary for the enzymatic activity. Through the molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculation, the interaction between the MAptapro-IR1 aptamer and the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme resulted in the strongest and the highest stable complex; therefore, the ssRNA MAptapro-IR1 aptamer was selected as the best potential candidate for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and a perspective therapeutic drug for the COVID-19 disease.
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8
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Exploring the most stable aptamer/target molecule complex by the stochastic tunnelling-basin hopping-discrete molecular dynamics method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11406. [PMID: 34075115 PMCID: PMC8169667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The stochastic tunnelling-basin hopping-discrete molecular dynamics (STUN-BH-DMD) method was applied to the search for the most stable biomolecular complexes in water by using the MARTINI coarse-grained (CG) model. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, PDB code: 4MZV) was used as an EpCAM adaptor for an EpA (AptEpA) benchmark target molecule. The effects of two adsorption positions on the EpCAM were analysed, and it is found that the AptEpA adsorption configuration located within the EpCAM pocket-like structure is more stable and the energy barrier is lower due to the interaction with water. By the root mean square deviation (RMSD), the configuration of EpCAM in water is more conservative when the AptEpA binds to EpCAM by attaching to the pocket space of the EpCAM dimer. For AptEpA, the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis result indicates Nucleobase 1 and Nucleobase 2 display higher flexibility during the CGMD simulation. Finally, from the binding energy contour maps and histogram plots of EpCAM and each AptEpA nucleobase, it is clear that the binding energy adsorbed to the pocket-like structure is more continuous than that energy not adsorbed to the pocket-like structure. This study has proposed a new numerical process for applying the STUN-BH-DMD with the CG model, which can reduce computational details and directly find a more stable AptEpA/EpCAM complex in water.
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In silico approach for Post-SELEX DNA aptamers: A mini-review. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107872. [PMID: 33765525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are short oligonucleotides that possess high specificity and affinity against their target. Generated via Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment, (SELEX) in vitro, they were screened and enriched. This review covering the study utilizing bioinformatics tools to analyze primary sequence, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, as well as docking simulation for various aptamers and their ligand interaction. Literature was pooled from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases until December 18, 2020 using specific search string related to DNA aptamers, in silico, structure prediction, and docking simulation. Out of 330 published articles, 38 articles were assessed in the analysis based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that Mfold and RNA Composer web server is the most popular tool in secondary and tertiary structure prediction of DNA aptamers, respectively. Meanwhile, in docking simulation, ZDOCK and AutoDock are preferred to analyze binding interaction in the aptamer-ligand complex. This review reports a brief framework of recent developments of in silico approaches that provide predictive structural information of ssDNA aptamer.
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Navien TN, Thevendran R, Hamdani HY, Tang TH, Citartan M. In silico molecular docking in DNA aptamer development. Biochimie 2020; 180:54-67. [PMID: 33086095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by SELEX that exhibit binding affinity and specificity against a wide variety of target molecules. Compared to RNA aptamers, DNA aptamers are much more stable and therefore are widely adopted in a number of applications especially in diagnostics. The tediousness and rigor associated with certain steps of the SELEX intensify the efforts to adopt in silico molecular docking approaches together with in vitro SELEX procedures in developing DNA aptamers. Inspired by these endeavors, we carry out an overview of the in silico molecular docking approaches in DNA aptamer generation, by detailing the stepwise procedures as well as shedding some light on the various softwares used. The in silico maturation strategy and the limitations of the in silico approaches are also underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tholasi Nadhan Navien
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ramesh Thevendran
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hazrina Yusof Hamdani
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Thean-Hock Tang
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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11
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Inhibition of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilm formation by DNA aptamer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7567-7573. [PMID: 32981012 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a bioagent that causes diarrhea through the formation of biofilm. The recalcitrant of EPEC to the current conventional antibiotic treatment has grown a big concern in a way to find effective alternative inhibitors. Aptamers have been demonstrated to show the ability to kill the pathogenic bacteria through inhibition of biofilm formation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate antibiofilm activities of six types of aptamers against EPEC K1.1 which was isolated from patients with diarrhea. Environmental conditions such as temperatures and pH which impacted on biofilm formation of EPEC K1.1 and also biofilm inhibition of aptamer on EPEC K1.1 were performed by counting the crystal violet formation in 96-well polystyrene microplates at OD570. The motility examination combined with qPCR were applied to prove the mechanism of aptamers inhibition on biofilm by targeting essential genes that involve biofilm formation. The result showed that by applying cut off value at 0.399, aptamer SELEX 10 Colony 5 exhibited the highest biofilm inhibition against EPEC K1.1 with an absorbance value of 0.126. Further analysis showed that this aptamer also was able to reduce the motility diameter of EPEC K1.1. The effect of this aptamer on EPEC K1.1 motility was confirmed by qPCR where the mRNA level of motB, csgA and lsrA gene reduced significantly compared to the untreated group. Aptamer SELEX 10 Colony 5 was able to inhibit biofilm formation through interfering the motility ability of EPEC K1.1 and also by reducing the mRNA level of biofilm formation-related genes. This study provides evidences that aptamer is effective and promising for both antibiofilm of EPEC K1.1 and alternative treatment of diarrhea.
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Dhiman A, Kumar C, Mishra SK, Sikri K, Datta I, Sharma P, Singh TP, Haldar S, Sharma N, Bansal A, Ahmad Y, Kumar A, Sharma TK, Tyagi JS. Theranostic Application of a Novel G-Quadruplex-Forming DNA Aptamer Targeting Malate Synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:661-672. [PMID: 31704587 PMCID: PMC6849348 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The successful management of tuberculosis (TB) requires efficient diagnosis and treatment. Further, the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant TB highlights the urgent need to develop novel inhibitors against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant forms of disease. Malate synthase (MS), an enzyme of the glyoxylate pathway, plays a vital role in mycobacterial persistence, and therefore it is considered as an attractive target for novel anti-TB drug development. Recent studies have also ascribed an adhesin function to MS and established it as a potent diagnostic biomarker. In this study, a panel of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) MS-specific single-stranded DNA aptamers was identified by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX). The best-performing G-quadruplex-forming 44-mer aptamer, MS10, was optimized post-SELEX to generate an 11-mer aptamer, MS10-Trunc. This aptamer was characterized by various biochemical, biophysical, and in silico techniques. Its theranostic activity toward Mtb was established using enzyme inhibition, host cell binding, and invasion assays. MS10-Trunc aptamer exhibited high affinity for MS (equilibrium dissociation constant [KD] ∼19 pM) and displayed robust inhibition of MS enzyme activity with IC50 of 251.1 nM and inhibitor constant (Ki) of 230 nM. This aptamer blocked mycobacterial entry into host cells by binding to surface-associated MS. In addition, we have also demonstrated its application in the detection of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in patients with sensitivity and specificity each of >97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Mishra
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Kriti Sikri
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ishara Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sagarika Haldar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India; Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Neera Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Anjali Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Yusra Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major issue in global health and affects millions of people each year. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) annually causes many deaths worldwide. Development of a way to diagnose and treat patients with MDR-TB can potentially reduce the incidence of the disease. The current study reviews the risk factors, pattern of progression, mechanism of resistance, and interaction between bacteria and the host immune system, which disrupts the immune response. It also targets the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and diagnosis and treatment options that could be available for clinical use in the near future. Mutations play an important role in development of MDR-TB and the selection of appropriate mutations can help to understand the type of resistance in patients to anti-TB drugs. In this way, they can be initially treated with proper and effective therapeutic choices, which can accelerate the course of treatment and improve patient health. Targeting the components and enzymes of Mtb is necessary for understanding bacterial survival and finding a way to destroy the pathogen and allow patients to recover faster and prevent the spread of disease, especially resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Faridgohar
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Cai S, Yan J, Xiong H, Liu Y, Peng D, Liu Z. Investigations on the interface of nucleic acid aptamers and binding targets. Analyst 2019; 143:5317-5338. [PMID: 30357118 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA of 20-100 nucleotides in length that have attracted substantial scientific interest due to their ability to specifically bind to target molecules via the formation of three-dimensional structures. Compared to traditional protein antibodies, aptamers have several advantages, such as their small size, high binding affinity, specificity, flexible structure, being chemical synthesizable and modifiable, good biocompatibility, high stability and low immunogenicity, which all contribute to their widely applications in the biomedical field. To date, much progress has been made in the study and applications of aptamers, however, detailed information on how aptamers bind to their targets is still scarce. Over the past few decades, many methods have been introduced to investigate the aptamer-target binding process, such as measuring the main kinetic or thermodynamic parameters, detecting the structural changes of the binding complexes, etc. Apart from traditional physicochemical methods, various types of molecular docking programs have been applied to simulate the aptamer-target interactions, while these simulations also have limitations. To facilitate the further research on the interactions, herein, we provide a brief review to illustrate the recent advances in the study of aptamer-target interactions. We summarize the binding targets of aptamers, such as small molecules, macromolecules, and even cells. Their binding constants (KD) are also summarized. Methods to probe the aptamer-target binding process, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), footprinting assay, truncation and mutation assay, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray crystallography and molecular docking simulation are indicated. The binding forces mediating the aptamer-target interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, the hydrophobic effect, π-π stacking and van der Waals forces are summarized. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
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In-Silico Selection of Aptamer: A Review on the Revolutionary Approach to Understand the Aptamer Design and Interaction Through Computational Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Kalra P, Mishra SK, Kaur S, Kumar A, Prasad HK, Sharma TK, Tyagi JS. G-Quadruplex-Forming DNA Aptamers Inhibit the DNA-Binding Function of HupB and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Entry into Host Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:99-109. [PMID: 30245472 PMCID: PMC6148841 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The entry and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) within host cells is orchestrated partly by an essential histone-like protein HupB (Rv2986c). Despite being an essential drug target, the lack of structural information has impeded the development of inhibitors targeting the indispensable and multifunctional C-terminal domain (CTD) of HupB. To bypass the requirement for structural information in the classical drug discovery route, we generated a panel of DNA aptamers against HupB protein through systemic evolution of ligands by exponential (SELEX) enrichment. Two G-quadruplex-forming high-affinity aptamers (HupB-4T and HupB-13T) were identified, each of which bound two distinct sites on full-length HupB, with an estimated KD of ∼1.72 μM and ∼0.17 μM, respectively, for the high-affinity sites. While HupB-4T robustly inhibited DNA-binding activity of HupB in vitro, both the aptamers recognized surface-located HupB and significantly blocked Mtb entry into THP-1 monocytic cells (p < 0.0001). In summary, DNA aptamers generated in this study block DNA-binding activity of HupB, inhibit virulent Mtb infection in host cells, and demonstrate aptamers to be inhibitors of HupB functions. This study also illustrates the utility of SELEX in developing inhibitors against essential targets for whom structural information is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kalra
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Mishra
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | | | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India; Centre for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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Golichenari B, Nosrati R, Farokhi-Fard A, Abnous K, Vaziri F, Behravan J. Nano-biosensing approaches on tuberculosis: Defy of aptamers. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:319-331. [PMID: 29933223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex. According to WHO reports, 53 million TB patients died from 2000 to 2016. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease is of great importance for global health care programs. The restrictions of traditional methods have encouraged the development of innovative methods for rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnosis of tuberculosis. In recent years, aptamer-based biosensors or aptasensors have drawn great attention to sensitive and accessible detection of tuberculosis. Aptamers are small short single-stranded molecules of DNA or RNA that fold to a unique form and bind to targets. Once combined with nanomaterials, nano-scale aptasensors provide powerful analytical platforms for diagnosing of tuberculosis. Various groups designed and studied aptamers specific for the whole cells of M. tuberculosis, mycobacterial proteins and IFN-γ for early diagnosis of TB. Advantages such as high specificity and strong affinity, potential for binding to a larger variety of targets, increased stability, lower costs of synthesis and storage requirements, and lower probability of contamination make aptasensors pivotal alternatives for future TB diagnostics. In recent years, the concept of SOMAmer has opened new horizons in high precision detection of tuberculosis biomarkers. This review article provides a description of the research progresses of aptamer-based and SOMAmer-based biosensors and nanobiosensors for the detection of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Golichenari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center (MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Farokhi-Fard
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Canada.
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Pan Q, Luo F, Liu M, Zhang XL. Oligonucleotide aptamers: promising and powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tools for infectious diseases. J Infect 2018; 77:83-98. [PMID: 29746951 PMCID: PMC7112547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The entire human population is at risk of infectious diseases worldwide. Thus far, the diagnosis and treatment of human infectious diseases at the molecular and nanoscale levels have been extremely challenging tasks because of the lack of effective probes to identify and recognize biomarkers of pathogens. Oligonucleotide aptamers are a class of small nucleic acid ligands that are composed of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA and act as affinity probes or molecular recognition elements for a variety of targets. These aptamers have an exciting potential for diagnose and/or treatment of specific diseases. In this review, we highlight areas where aptamers have been developed as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for both bacterial and viral infectious diseases as well as aptamer-based detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Fengling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Zeninskaya NA, Kolesnikov AV, Ryabko AK, Shemyakin IG, Dyatlov IA, Kozyr AV. [Aptamers in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections: Problems and Prospects]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:350-8. [PMID: 29297663 DOI: 10.15690/vramn591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides which are selected via targeted chemical evolution in vitro to bind a molecular target of interest. The aptamer selection technology is designated as SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). SELEX enables isolation of oligonucleotide aptamers binding a wide range of targets of interest with little respect for their nature and molecular weight. A number of applications of aptamer selection were developed ranging from biosensor technologies to antitumor drug discovery. First aptamer-based pharmaceutical (Macugen) was approved by FDA for clinical use in 2004, and since then more than ten aptamer-based drugs undergo various phases of clinical trials. From the medicinal chemist’s point of view, aptamers represent a new class of molecules suitable for the development of new therapeutics. Due to the stability, relative synthesis simplicity, and development of advanced strategies of target specific molecular selection, aptamers attract increased attention of drug discovery community. Difficulties of the development of next-generation antibiotics basing on the conventional basis of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening have also amplified the interest to aptamer-based therapeutic candidates. The present article reviews the investigations focused on the development of antibacterial aptamers and discusses the potential and current limitations of the use of this type of therapeutic molecules.
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Li K, Xiu CL, Gao LM, Liang HG, Xu SF, Shi M, Li J, Liu ZW. Screening of specific nucleic acid aptamers binding tumor markers in the serum of the lung cancer patients and identification of their activities. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317717123. [PMID: 28718373 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317717123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Despite the improvements in diagnostic methods, the status of early detection was not achieved. So, a new diagnostic method is needed. The aim of this study is to obtain the highly specific nucleic acid aptamers with strong affinity to tumor markers in the serum of the lung cancer patients for targeting the serum. Aptamers specifically binding to tumor markers in the serum of the lung cancer patients were screened from the random single-stranded DNA library with agarose beads as supports and the serum as a target by target-substituting subtractive SELEX technique and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique. Subsequently, the secondary single-stranded DNA library obtained by 10 rounds of screening was amplified to double-stranded DNA, followed by high-throughput genome sequence analysis to screen aptamers with specific affinity to tumor markers in the serum of the lung cancer patients. Finally, six aptamers obtained by 10 rounds of screening were identified with high specific affinity to tumor markers in the serum of the lung cancer patients. Compared with other five aptamers, the aptamer 43 was identified both with the highest specificity to bind target molecule and without any obvious affinity to non-specific proteins. The screened aptamers have relatively high specificity to combine tumor markers in the serum of the lung cancer patients, which provides breakthrough points for early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- 1 College of Environment & Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Lin Xiu
- 1 College of Environment & Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Gao
- 2 The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | | | - Shu-Feng Xu
- 2 The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ming Shi
- 1 College of Environment & Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- 1 College of Environment & Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- 1 College of Environment & Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
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Song MS, Sekhon SS, Shin WR, Kim HC, Min J, Ahn JY, Kim YH. Detecting and Discriminating Shigella sonnei Using an Aptamer-Based Fluorescent Biosensor Platform. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050825. [PMID: 28513559 PMCID: PMC6154610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a Whole-Bacteria SELEX (WB-SELEX) strategy was adopted to isolate specific aptamers against Shigella sonnei. Real-time PCR amplification and post-SELEX experiment revealed that the selected aptmers possessed a high binding affinity and specificity for S. sonnei. Of the 21 aptamers tested, the C(t) values of the SS-3 and SS-4 aptamers (Ct = 13.89 and Ct = 12.23, respectively) had the lowest value compared to other aptamer candidates. The SS-3 and SS-4 aptamers also displayed a binding affinity (KD) of 39.32 ± 5.02 nM and 15.89 ± 1.77 nM, respectively. An aptamer-based fluorescent biosensor assay was designed to detect and discriminate S. sonnei cells using a sandwich complex pair of SS-3 and SS-4. The detection of S. sonnei by the aptamer based fluorescent biosensor platform consisted of three elements: (1) 5’amine-SS-4 modification in a 96-well type microtiter plate surface (N-oxysuccinimide, NOS) as capture probes; (2) the incubation with S. sonnei and test microbes in functionalized 96 assay wells in parallel; (3) the readout of fluorescent activity using a Cy5-labeled SS-3 aptamer as the detector. Our platform showed a significant ability to detect and discriminate S. sonnei from other enteric species such as E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and other Shigella species (S. flexneri, S. boydii). In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of an aptamer sensor platform to detect S. sonnei in a variety of foods and pave the way for its use in diagnosing shigellosis through multiple, portable designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Sub Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Simranjeet Singh Sekhon
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Woo-Ri Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Hyung Cheol Kim
- Technology Transfer Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jiho Min
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Ahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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AlMatar M, AlMandeal H, Var I, Kayar B, Köksal F. New drugs for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:546-558. [PMID: 28482292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis presents a grave challenge to health, globally instigating 1.5 million mortalities each year. Following the breakthrough of first-line anti-TB medication, the number of mortalities reduced greatly; nonetheless, the swift appearance of tuberculosis which was drug-resistant, as well as the capability of the bacterium to survive and stay dormant are a considerable problem for public health. In order to address this issue, several novel possible candidates for tuberculosis therapy have been subjected to clinical trials of late. The novel antimycobacterial agents are acquired from different categories of medications, operate through a range of action systems, and are at various phases of advancement. We therefore talk about the present methods of treating tuberculosis and novel anti-TB agents with their action method, in order to advance awareness of these new compounds and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü), Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Husam AlMandeal
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Gebäude 90, Kirrberger Straße, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begüm Kayar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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In Silico Aptamer Docking Studies: From a Retrospective Validation to a Prospective Case Study'TIM3 Aptamers Binding. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e376. [DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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