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Liu S, Liu M, Li Y, Song Q. N6-methyladenosine-dependent signaling in colorectal cancer: Functions and clinical potential. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104360. [PMID: 38615872 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide. Despite the gradual expansion of therapeutic options for CRC, its clinical management remains a formidable challenge. And, because of the current dearth of technical means for early CRC screening, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for this disease. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the predominant RNA modification in eukaryotes, can be recognized by m6A-specific methylated reading proteins to modulate gene expression. Studies have revealed that CRC disrupts m6A homeostasis through various mechanisms, thereby sustaining aberrant signal transduction and promoting its own progression. Consequently, m6A-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have garnered widespread attention. Although utilizing m6A as a biomarker and drug target has demonstrated promising feasibility, existing observations primarily stem from preclinical models; henceforth necessitating further investigation and resolution of numerous outstanding issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Akter R, Park R, Lee SK, Han EJ, Park KS, Park J, Cho MY. Upregulation of EMR1 (ADGRE1) by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Colon Cancer Progression by Activating the JAK2/STAT1,3 Signaling Pathway in Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4388. [PMID: 38673975 PMCID: PMC11050366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that epidermal growth factor-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (EMR1/ADGRE1) is abnormally expressed in colon cancer (CC) and is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and poor recurrence-free survival in patients with abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). However, the signaling pathways associated with EMR1 expression in CC progression remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of EMR1 and its signaling interactions with macrophages in CC progression. Spatial transcriptomics of pT3 microsatellite unstable CC tissues revealed heightened Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in EMR1-HL CC with LNM compared to EMR1-N CC without LNM. Through in vitro coculture of CC cells with macrophages, EMR1 expression by CC cells was found to be induced by TAMs, ultimately interacting with upregulated JAK/STAT signaling, increasing cell proliferation, migration, and motility, and reducing apoptosis. JAK2/STAT3 inhibition decreased the levels of EMR1, JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3, significantly impeded the proliferation, migration, and mobility of cells, and increased the apoptosis of EMR1+ CC cells compared to their EMR1KO counterparts. Overall, TAMs-induced EMR1 upregulation in CC cells may promote LNM and CC progression via JAK2/STAT1,3 signaling upregulation. This study provides further insights into the molecular mechanisms involving macrophages and intracellular EMR1 expression in CC progression, suggesting its clinical significance and offering potential interventions to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Department of Life Science, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (S.K.L.); (K.-S.P.)
| | - Eun ju Han
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (S.K.L.); (K.-S.P.)
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
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Marcellinaro R, Spoletini D, Grieco M, Avella P, Cappuccio M, Troiano R, Lisi G, Garbarino GM, Carlini M. Colorectal Cancer: Current Updates and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 38202047 PMCID: PMC10780254 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a frequent neoplasm in western countries, mainly due to dietary and behavioral factors. Its incidence is growing in developing countries for the westernization of foods and lifestyles. An increased incidence rate is observed in patients under 45 years of age. In recent years, the mortality for CRC is decreased, but this trend is slowing. The mortality rate is reducing in those countries where prevention and treatments have been implemented. The survival is increased to over 65%. This trend reflects earlier detection of CRC through routine clinical examinations and screening, more accurate staging through advances in imaging, improvements in surgical techniques, and advances in chemotherapy and radiation. The most important predictor of survival is the stage at diagnosis. The screening programs are able to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of incidence, mortality, and survival rate for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Marcellinaro
- Department of General Surgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (M.G.); (R.T.); (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Domenico Spoletini
- Department of General Surgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (M.G.); (R.T.); (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of General Surgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (M.G.); (R.T.); (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Pasquale Avella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (M.C.)
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, 81030 Caserta, Italy
| | - Micaela Cappuccio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaele Troiano
- Department of General Surgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (M.G.); (R.T.); (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Giorgio Lisi
- Department of General Surgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (M.G.); (R.T.); (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanni M. Garbarino
- Department of General Surgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (M.G.); (R.T.); (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Carlini
- Department of General Surgery, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (M.G.); (R.T.); (G.L.); (M.C.)
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4
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Wu S, Fang W, Chen L, Feng C, Chen R, Ying H, Zheng X, Jiang J. Cordycepin remodels the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer by down-regulating the expression of PD-L1. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17567-17579. [PMID: 37910234 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer, as a common malignant tumor, poses a serious threat to human life. Cordycepin, derived from Cordyceps militaris extract, which was established as a capable inhibitor of tumor growth. Nevertheless, the precise antitumor mechanism of cordycepin in colorectal cancer cells remains elusive. METHODS Herein, our initial focus was to explore the tumor-suppressive impact of cordycepin through its influence on various biological functions in murine colorectal cancer cells, conducted by an in vitro setting. First, we investigated the tumor-suppressive effect of cordycepin on the regulation of biological functions in murine colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated the in vivo antitumor potential of cordycepin using a mouse preclinical tumor model, and further explored the antitumor mechanism. RESULTS Our findings revealed that cordycepin effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of murine colon cancer cells. Moreover, there is a substantial reduction in the expression of PD-L1 observed in tumor cells, in response to cordycepin treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate the significant tumor-suppressive attributes of cordycepin against colorectal cancer. Consequently, our study lays a solid foundation for the potential clinical utilization of cordycepin in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Cordycepin inhibits the biological functions of colorectal cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth by reducing the expression of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongzhang Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, Jiangsu, China.
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Parsazad E, Esrafili F, Yazdani B, Ghafarzadeh S, Razmavar N, Sirous H. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of ACS enzymes as candidate prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in colon adenocarcinoma. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:413-429. [PMID: 37614614 PMCID: PMC10443664 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enzymes play an important role in the activation of fatty acids. While many studies have found correlations between the expression levels of ACS enzymes with the progression, growth, and survival of cancer cells, their role and expression patterns in colon adenocarcinoma are still greatly unknown and demand further investigation. Experimental approach The expression data of colon adenocarcinoma samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Normalization and differential expression analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to identify top enriched genes from ACS enzymes in cancer samples. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction analyses were performed for the prediction of molecular functions and interactions. Survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic test (ROC) were performed to find potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Findings/Results ACSL6 and ACSM5 genes demonstrated more significant differential expression and LogFC value compared to other ACS enzymes and also achieved the highest enrichment scores. Gene ontology analysis predicted the involvement of top DEGs in fatty acids metabolism, while protein-protein interaction network analysis presented strong interactions between ACSLs, ACSSs, ACSMs, and ACSBG enzymes with each other. Survival analysis suggested ACSM3 and ACSM5 as potential prognostic biomarkers, while the ROC test predicted stronger diagnostic potential for ACSM5, ACSS2, and ACSF2 genes. Conclusion and implications Our findings revealed the expression patterns, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarker potential of ACS enzymes in colon adenocarcinoma. ACSM3, ACSM5, ACSS2, and ACSF2 genes are suggested as possible prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Parsazad
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
- Medvac Biopharma Company, Alborz Province, I.R. Iran
| | - Farina Esrafili
- Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, I.R. Iran
| | - Behnaz Yazdani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, I.R. Iran
| | - Saghi Ghafarzadeh
- Department of Royan Institute, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Namdar Razmavar
- Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, I.R. Iran
| | - Hajar Sirous
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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6
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Niknam M, Maleki MH, Khakshournia S, Rasouli M, Vakili O, Shafiee SM. Bilirubin, an endogenous antioxidant that affects p53 protein and its downstream apoptosis/autophagy-related genes in LS180 and SW480 cell culture models of colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:161-167. [PMID: 37354609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest neoplasms worldwide, which its pathogenesis is strongly correlated with p53 mutations. Antioxidants are believed to decelerate the CRC progression, possibly through interfering with p53 and its downstream target genes and mechanisms. Regarding the potential antioxidant effects of bilirubin, as an incredible endogenous antioxidant, we sought to investigate how bilirubin affected the expression levels of p53 protein and its downstream target genes, including Mdm2, Bcl-2, BECN1 and LC3, in LS180 and SW480 cell culture models of CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, 50 and 100 μM concentrations of bilirubin were determined to be non-toxic for both LS180 and SW480 cell lines. Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate the protein expression levels of p53. The results revealed that p53 protein levels were higher in LS180 cells treated with bilirubin compared to the control group. Notwithstanding, in SW480 cells, no considerable changes were observed in p53 protein levels of treated cells compared to the control ones. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (q RT-PCR) method was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis/autophagy-related genes, Mdm2, Bcl-2, BECN1, and LC3 , as the p53's downstream target genes. Consequently, the expression of Bcl-2 and Mdm2 genes were affected by p53, while BECN1 and LC3 expression levels were decreased in both cell lines. CONCLUSION Bilirubin is an endogenous antioxidant with significant anti-tumor effects in the studied CRC cell lines, probably through the regulation of p53 protein expression levels and subsequent control of apoptosis and autophagy, as two key processes involved in cell survival and progression of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Niknam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Khakshournia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Rasouli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Omid Vakili
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Bushara O, Wester JR, Jacobsen D, Sun L, Weinberg S, Gao J, Jennings LJ, Wang L, Lauberth SM, Yue F, Liao J, Yang GY. Clinical and histopathologic characterization of SETD2-mutated colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2023; 131:9-16. [PMID: 36502925 PMCID: PMC9875556 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), identifying and better understanding genetic mutations in cancer pathways has become more feasible. A mutation now commonly reported in NGS panels is the SETD2 gene (H3K36 trimethyltransferase). However, its contributions to colorectal cancer (CRC) are not well described. In this study, we describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of SETD2-mutated CRC, determine common mutation sites on the SETD2 gene, and correlate these mutations with the loss of H3K36 trimethylation and the aberrant expression of beta-catenin. By searching pathology reports at our institution which included the 161-gene NGS panel from 2019 to 2021, we identify 24 individuals with SETD2-mutated CRC. All samples were evaluated for microsatellite status, H3K36 trimethylation, and beta-catenin via immunohistochemistry. In this cohort of 24 SETD2-mutated CRC individuals (a median age of 62.4 years [interquartile range: 49.1-73.6]), 10 (41.7%) patients presented at American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor stage II, seven (29.2%) at stage III, six (25%) at stage IV, and one (4.2%) at stage I. Most tumors studied were adenocarcinomas with no further specification (22, 92%), and most tumors were microsatellite stable (18, 82.5%). Thirty-three mutation locations were represented by 24 patients, with one patient having six mutations in the SETD2 gene and two patients having three mutations. The dominant mutation type is missense mutations (N = 29, 87.9%), and no mutation hotspots were found. Only two samples lost trimethylation of histone H3K36, both from individuals with multiple SETD2 mutations and aberrant nuclear beta-catenin expression. SETD2-mutated CRC is similar in clinical and histologic presentation to other commonly reported CRC. SETD2 mutations were missense dominantand showed no hotspots, and multiple mutations are likely necessary for loss of H3K36 trimethylation. These results warrant further study on determining a role of SETD2-histone H3K36 pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Bushara
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - James R Wester
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Danielle Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lawrence J Jennings
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shannon M Lauberth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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EMR1/ADGRE1 Expression in Cancer Cells Upregulated by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Is Related to Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123121. [PMID: 36551877 PMCID: PMC9775542 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EMR1, a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family (ADGRE1), is a macrophage marker that is abnormally expressed in cancer cells. However, its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well-known. In this investigation, EMR1 expression in tumor cells (EMR1-TC) was found in 91 (22.8%) of the 399 CRC samples tested by immunohistochemical staining and showed a significant relationship with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, EMR1-TC was significantly associated with CD68+ CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and CRC with a high combined EMR1-TC+CD68+CD163+ score showed worse recurrence-free survival prognosis. In an in vitro co-culture assay of colon cancer cells with myeloid cells, we found that EMR1 expression significantly upregulated in cancer cells was induced by macrophages. In addition, there was increased expression of M2 markers (CD163 and interleukin-6 & 10) in myeloid portion, while that of M1 markers (CD86 and iNOS) remained unchanged. Accordingly, upon treatment with M2 macrophage polarization inhibitors (O-ATP, trametinib, bardoxolone methyl), EMR1 expression reduced significantly, along with M2 markers (CD163 and interleukin-6 & 10). In conclusion, EMR1-TC was a high-risk factor for lymph node metastasis and correlated with poor recurrence free survival, particularly in patients with TAM-rich CRC. Furthermore, EMR1 expression in colon cancer cells may be related to M2 macrophage polarization and vice versa.
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Survival Contradiction in Stage II, IIIA, And IIIB Colon Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result-Based Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4088117. [PMID: 36437824 PMCID: PMC9683985 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4088117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There exists an inconsistency between stage and survival in the current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for colon cancer. In this study, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colon cancer patients with stage II, IIIA, and IIIB disease based on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to generate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) curves. The Cox regression was employed to identify risk factors. The competing risk model was completed by the cumulative incidence function and Gray's test. In the final population of 31,361 colon cancer patients, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that stage IIIA had the highest OS and CSS, followed by stage IIA and IIIB, and IIB and IIC showed the worst OS and CSS. In the Cox model, the stage was proven to be an independent prognostic factor. In the competing risk model, stage IIIA colon cancer patients had the lowest 5-year cancer-specific death rate in stages II, IIIA, and IIIB. In conclusion, the prognosis of colon cancer patients in stage IIA was worse than that of patients in stage IIIA, while the survival rate of stage IIB and IIC was lower than that of stage IIIB.
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10
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Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 1,2,4-Triazolo-Linked Bis-Indolyl Conjugates as Dual Inhibitors of Tankyrase and PI3K. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217642. [PMID: 36364474 PMCID: PMC9657870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 1,2,4-triazolo-linked bis-indolyl conjugates (15a–r) were prepared by multistep synthesis and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines. It was observed that they were more susceptible to colon and breast cancer cells. Conjugates 15o (IC50 = 2.04 μM) and 15r (IC50 = 0.85 μM) illustrated promising cytotoxicity compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, IC50 = 5.31 μM) against the HT-29 cell line. Interestingly, 15o and 15r induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, these conjugates led to apoptosis in HT-29 at 2 μM and 1 μM, respectively, and also enhanced the total ROS production as well as the mitochondrial-generated ROS. Immunofluorescence and Western blot assays revealed that these conjugates reduced the expression levels of the PI3K-P85, β-catenin, TAB-182, β-actin, AXIN-2, and NF-κB markers that are involved in the β-catenin pathway of colorectal cancer. The results of the in silico docking studies of 15r and 15o further support their dual inhibitory behaviour against PI3K and tankyrase. Interestingly, the conjugates have adequate ADME-toxicity parameters based on the calculated results of the molecular dynamic simulations, as we found that these inhibitors (15r) influenced the conformational flexibility of the 4OA7 and 3L54 proteins.
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Xu Q, Xu JL, Chen WQ, Xu WX, Song YX, Tang WJ, Xu D, Jiang MP, Tang J. Roles and mechanisms of miR-195-5p in human solid cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112885. [PMID: 35453003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer persists as a worldwide disease that contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. As a class of non-coding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) are one kind of important regulators in cancer and frequently implicated in tumor development and progression. Emerging experiments have suggested that miRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p) can regulate neoplastic processes in many pathways. For instance, miR-195-5p can not only regulate proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells but also promote tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, low expression of miR-195-5p could induce drug resistance. Our review focuses on the expression of miR-195-5p in various tumors and elucidates the related mechanisms of which miR-195-5p participates in tumor biology, as well as summarizes the roles of miR-195-5p in tumor progression. We believe that miR-195-5p might have potential utility as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jia-Lin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wen-Quan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wen-Xiu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Song
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Meng-Ping Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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Xie W, Zuo J, Ma Z, Yu W, Hu Z, Yang T, Song Z. The Burden of Colorectal Cancer Attributable to Diet Low in Fiber from 1990 to 2019: A Global, Regional and National Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:1061-1069. [PMID: 36519769 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The colorectal cancer (CRC) burden is increasingly high. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal and geographical trends in CRC deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to diet low in fiber globally from 1990 to 2019. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The study based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. PARTICIPANTS The population comprised individuals from 204 countries and territories who were diagnosed with CRC attributable to diet low in fiber from 1990 to 2019. MEASUREMENTS Deaths, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) for CRC attributable to diet low in fiber were described, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was further calculated to assess the burden in different regions, countries, sexes, and age groups. Additionally, we explored the association between EAPC and ASMR/ASDR (in 1990) and Human Development Index (HDI, in 2019). RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, global ASMR and ASDR for CRC attributable to diet low in fiber decreased slightly, but the corresponding deaths and DALYs increased by 63.37% and 51.36%, respectively. Those burden varied considerably between regions and countries. The burden was higher in high, high-middle and middle SDI regions, especially in Asia and Western Europe, but when HDI > 0.7, an increasingly rapid decline in ASMR and ASDR was revealed. Unexpectedly, many less well-developed countries within the traditionally low deaths and DALYs regions of Africa, Central Latin America, and Middle East showed gradual increases in ASMR and ASDR. CONCLUSION The global burden of CRC attributable to diet low in fiber has decreased over the last 30 years, but remains at a high level. It is essential for decision-makers to take targeted measures for improving population awareness and intake of dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xie
- Zhenshun Song, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200072, China, E-mail: , Tel: +86-21-66307437, Fax: +86-21-66307437; Tingsong Yang, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China, E-mail: , Tel: +86-021-66307347, Fax: +86-021-66307347
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