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Wu C, Chen J, Zhang J, Hong H, Jiang J, Ji C, Li C, Xia M, Xu G, Cui Z. Extracellular vesicles loaded with ApoB-100 protein affect the occurrence of coronary heart disease in patients after injury of spinal cord. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134330. [PMID: 39089550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients have an increased susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD) due to dysregulated lipid deposition. We conducted a comprehensive investigation to gain insights into the specific roles of Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB-100) in the development of CHD in patients suffering from SCI. First, we established an SCI rat model through semitransection. APOB-100 expression in plasma exosomes obtained from patients were determined. Subsequently, we found APOB-100 affected macrophage polarization when treating co-cultured neurons/macrophages lacking Sortilin with extracellular vesicles derived from SCI rats, where APOB-100 co-immunoprecipitated with Sortilin. Moreover, APOB-100 upregulation reduced neuronal cell viability and triggered apoptosis by upregulating Sortilin, leading to a decline in the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, exacerbation of neuron injury, increased macrophage infiltration, and elevated blood lipid-related indicators in SCI rats, which could be reversed by silencing Sortilin. In conclusion, APOB-100 from post-SCI patients' extracellular vesicles upregulates Sortilin, thereby endangering those patients to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226000, China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226000, China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Chaochen Li
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226000, China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Mingjie Xia
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226000, China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226000, China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.
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Shamsnia HS, Peyrovinasab A, Amirlou D, Sirouskabiri S, Rostamian F, Basiri N, Shalmani LM, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Abdolghaffari AH. BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway in Spinal Cord Injury: Insights and Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04381-4. [PMID: 39046702 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has critical impact on patient's life expectance and life span, and this disorder also leads to negative socioeconomic features. SCI is defined as a firm collision to the spinal cord which leads to the fracture and the dislocation of vertebrae. The current available treatment is surgery. However, it cannot fully treat SCI, and many consequences remain after the surgery. Accordingly, finding new therapeutics is critical. BDNF-TrkB signaling is a vital signaling in neuronal differentiation, survival, overgrowth, synaptic plasticity, etc. Hence, many studies evaluate its impact on various neurodegenerative disorders. There are several studies evaluating this signaling in SCI, and they show promising outcomes. It was shown that various exercises, chemical interventions, etc. had significant positive impact on SCI by affecting BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. This study aims to accumulate and evaluate these data and inspect whether this signaling is effective or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Sadat Shamsnia
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Peyrovinasab
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Amirlou
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sirouskabiri
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostamian
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Basiri
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohaghegh Shalmani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Zhu L, Han Y, Shu J. Changes in circMyt1l/rno-let-7d-5p/brain-derived neurotrophic factor. A damaged periventricular white matter damage model in neonatal rats. J Perinat Med 2024; 52:108-113. [PMID: 37936493 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2023-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the function of circMyt1l/rno-let-7d-5p/BDNF in the white matter damage of premature rats. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was used to analyze the differential expression of circMyt1l and its interacting miRNAs and mRNAs in rats with periventricular white matter damage. Rats at postnatal day 3 had their right common carotid artery permanently ligated, and were then exposed for 2 h to 6 % O2, or sham surgery and exposure to normal O2 levels (sham). CircMyt1l and rno-let-7d-5p expression was detected and BDNF protein levels were analyzed at 24, 48, and 72 h post hypoxia-ischemia. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis suggested that circMyt1l, rno-let-7d-5p and BDNF interact. CircMyt1l expression decreased significantly relative to the sham-operated rats (p<0.01) in an exposure time-dependent manner. Contrastingly, rno-let-7d-5p increased significantly relative to the sham-operated rats (p<0.01) in an exposure time dependent manner. BDNF protein levels decreased significantly relative to the sham-operated rats (p<0.05) in an exposure time dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The expression levels of circMyt1l/rno-let-7d-5p/BDNF are interrelated in periventricular white matter damage. Decreased circMyt1l expression of promoted the effect of rno-let-7d-5p and decreased the level of its target, BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhu
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Han
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Yang CR, Liang R, Liu Y, Meng FJ, Zhou F, Zhang XY, Ning L, Wang ZQ, Liu S, Zhou XF. Upregulation of proBDNF/p75NTR signaling in immune cells and its correlation with inflammatory markers in patients with major depression. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23312. [PMID: 38161282 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301140rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ProBDNF is the precursor protein of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Previous studies showed that the blood levels of both proBDNF and p75 neurotrophic receptors (p75NTR) in major depressive disorder (MDD) were increased, but which blood cell types express proBDNF and its receptors is not known. Furthermore, the relationship between proBDNF/p75NTR and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of MDD is unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were obtained from depressive patients (n = 32) and normal donors (n = 20). We examined the expression of proBDNF and inflammatory markers and their correlative relationship in patients with major depression. Using flow cytometry analysis, we examined which blood cells express proBDNF and its receptors. Finally, the role of proBDNF/p75NTR signal in inflammatory immune activity of PBMCs was verified in vitro experiments. Inflammatory cytokines in PBMC from MDD patients were increased and correlated with the major depression scores. The levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were also positively correlated with the major depression scores, while the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were negatively correlated with the major depression scores. Intriguingly, the levels of sortilin were positively correlated with IL-1β. Q-PCR and Western blots showed proBDNF, p75NTR, and sortilin levels were significantly increased in PBMCs from MDD patients compared with that from the normal donors. Flow cytometry studies showed that proBDNF and p75NTR were present mainly in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The number of proBDNF and p75NTR positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from MDD patients was increased and subsequently reversed after therapeutic management. Exogenous proBDNF protein or p75ECD-Fc treatment of cultured PBMC affected the release of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. ProBDNF promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines, while p75ECD-Fc inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Given there was an inflammatory response of lymphocytes to proBDNF, it is suggested that proBDNF/p75NTR signaling may upstream inflammatory cytokines in MDD. Our data suggest that proBDNF/p75NTR signaling may not only serve as biomarkers but also may be a potential therapeutic target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Rui Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Jie Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fiona Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Li Ning
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Suzhou Auzone Biotech Ltd, Suzhou International Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Tobeh NS, Bruce KD. Emerging Alzheimer's disease therapeutics: promising insights from lipid metabolism and microglia-focused interventions. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1259012. [PMID: 38020773 PMCID: PMC10630922 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1259012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 55 million people suffer from dementia, with this number projected to double every 20 years. In the United States, 1 in 3 aged individuals dies from Alzheimer's disease (AD) or another type of dementia and AD kills more individuals than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease involving amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, glial cell dysfunction, and lipid droplet accumulation (among other pathologies), ultimately leading to neurodegeneration and neuronal death. Unfortunately, the current FDA-approved therapeutics do not reverse nor halt AD. While recently approved amyloid-targeting antibodies can slow AD progression to improve outcomes for some patients, they are associated with adverse side effects, may have a narrow therapeutic window, and are expensive. In this review, we evaluate current and emerging AD therapeutics in preclinical and clinical development and provide insight into emerging strategies that target brain lipid metabolism and microglial function - an approach that may synergistically target multiple mechanisms that drive AD neuropathogenesis. Overall, we evaluate whether these disease-modifying emerging therapeutics hold promise as interventions that may be able to reverse or halt AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Tobeh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Li JN, Luo RY, Luo C, Hu ZL, Zha AH, Shen WY, Li Q, Li H, Fu D, Dai RP. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Precursor Contributes to a Proinflammatory Program in Monocytes/Macrophages After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028198. [PMID: 36752235 PMCID: PMC10111532 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The imbalance of monocyte/macrophage polarization toward the preferential proinflammatory phenotype and a lack of normal inflammation resolution are present in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Our previous study showed that upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) in M2-like monocytes may contribute to the proinflammatory response in the Stanford type-A acute aortic dissection. The present study aimed to investigate the role of proBDNF signaling in monocytes/macrophages in the progress of AMI. Methods and Results We observed the upregulation of proBDNF in the proinflammatory monocytes of patients with AMI. The upregulation of proBDNF was also observed in the circulating proinflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes and cardiac F4/80+CD86+ macrophages 3 days after AMI in a mice model. To neutralize proBDNF, the mice subjected to AMI were injected intraperitoneally with a monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibody. Echocardiography, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography results demonstrate that monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibody treatment further impaired cardiac functions, increased infarct size, and exacerbated the proinflammatory state. Moreover, the level of proinflammatory Ly6Chigh in the blood and F4/80+CD86+ in the heart was further increased in monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibody mice. RNA sequencing revealed that matrix metalloprotease-9 protein level was dramatically increased, along with the activated proinflammatory-related cytokines. Matrix metalloprotease-9 inhibitor treatment attenuated the deteriorated effect of monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibody on cardiac function and infarct areas. Conclusions Our study shows that endogenous proBDNF in monocytes/macrophages may exert protective roles in cardiac remodeling after AMI by regulating matrix metalloprotease-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - Ru-Yi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - An-Hui Zha
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - Wei-Yun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
| | - Di Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center Central South University Changsha China
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Li Q, Hu YZ, Gao S, Wang PF, Hu ZL, Dai RP. ProBDNF and its receptors in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: novel insights into the regulation of metabolism and mitochondria. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155333. [PMID: 37143663 PMCID: PMC10151479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) consist of a common and clinically diverse group of diseases. Despite remarkable progress in the past two decades, no remission is observed in a large number of patients, and no effective treatments have been developed to prevent organ and tissue damage. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) and receptors, such as p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin, have been proposed to mediate intracellular metabolism and mitochondrial function to regulate the progression of several IMIDs. Here, the regulatory role of proBDNF and its receptors in seven typical IMIDs, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic asthma, type I diabetes, vasculitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Zi Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ru-Ping Dai, ; Zhao-Lan Hu,
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ru-Ping Dai, ; Zhao-Lan Hu,
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Molecular Mechanisms in the Vascular and Nervous Systems following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010009. [PMID: 36675958 PMCID: PMC9866624 DOI: 10.3390/life13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces various complex pathological processes that cause physical impairment and psychological devastation. The two phases of SCI are primary mechanical damage (the immediate result of trauma) and secondary injury (which occurs over a period of minutes to weeks). After the mechanical impact, vascular disruption, inflammation, demyelination, neuronal cell death, and glial scar formation occur during the acute phase. This sequence of events impedes nerve regeneration. In the nervous system, various extracellular secretory factors such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and cytokines are involved in these events. In the vascular system, the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is damaged, allowing immune cells to infiltrate the parenchyma. Later, endogenous angiogenesis is promoted during the subacute phase. In this review, we describe the roles of secretory factors in the nervous and vascular systems following traumatic SCI, and discuss the outcomes of their therapeutic application in traumatic SCI.
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Tu Y, Muley MM, Beggs S, Salter MW. Microglia-independent peripheral neuropathic pain in male and female mice. Pain 2022; 163:e1129-e1144. [PMID: 35384869 PMCID: PMC9578531 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The dominant view in the field of pain is that peripheral neuropathic pain is driven by microglia in the somatosensory processing region of the spinal dorsal horn. Here, to the contrary, we discovered a form of neuropathic pain that is independent of microglia. Mice in which the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc was apposed to the sciatic nerve developed a constellation of neuropathic pain behaviours: hypersensitivity to mechanical, cold, and heat stimuli. However, NP application caused no activation of spinal microglia nor was pain hypersensitivity reversed by microglial inhibition. Rather, NP-induced pain hypersensitivity was dependent on cells within the NP which recruited macrophages to the adjacent nerve. Eliminating macrophages systemically or locally prevented NP-induced pain hypersensitivity. Pain hypersensitivity was also prevented by genetically disrupting the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor selectively in macrophages. Moreover, the behavioural phenotypes as well as the molecular mechanisms of NP-induced pain hypersensitivity were not different between males and females. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism for by which a discrete peripheral nerve lesion may produce pain hypersensitivity, which may help to explain the limited success of microglial inhibitors on neuropathic pain in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuShan Tu
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milind M. Muley
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Beggs
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL GOSH Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. Salter
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Is Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor a Metabolic Hormone in Peripheral Tissues? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071063. [PMID: 36101441 PMCID: PMC9312804 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDF) in the central nervous system has been well-studied, but its physiological role in other organs has not been clearly defined. This review summarizes the current findings on the functionality of BDNF in various peripheral tissues and discusses several unresolved questions in the field. Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important growth factor in the central nervous system. In addition to its well-known activities in promoting neuronal survival, neuron differentiation, and synaptic plasticity, neuronal BDNF also regulates energy homeostasis by modulating the hypothalamus’s hormonal signals. In the past decades, several peripheral tissues, including liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue, were demonstrated as the active sources of BDNF synthesis in response to different metabolic challenges. Nevertheless, the functions of BDNF in these tissues remain obscure. With the use of tissue-specific Bdnf knockout animals and the availability of non-peptidyl BDNF mimetic, increasing evidence has reported that peripheral tissues-derived BDNF might play a significant role in maintaining systemic metabolism, possibly through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in the various tissues. This article reviews the autocrine/paracrine/endocrine functions of BDNF in non-neuronal tissues and discusses the unresolved questions about BDNF’s function.
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11
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Shen WY, Luo C, Hurtado PR, Liu XJ, Luo RY, Li H, Hu ZL, Xu JM, Coulson EJ, Zhao M, Zhou XF, Dai RP. Up-regulation of proBDNF/p75 NTR signaling in antibody-secreting cells drives systemic lupus erythematosus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj2797. [PMID: 35044824 PMCID: PMC8769540 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate expansion of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is typical of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the regulatory signaling of pathogenic ASCs is unclear. The present study shows that brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) and its high-affinity pan-75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) are highly expressed in CD19+CD27hiCD38hi ASCs in patients with SLE and in CD19+CD44hiCD138+ ASCs in lupus-like mice. The increased proBDNF+ ASCs were positively correlated with clinical symptoms and higher titers of autoantibodies in SLE. Administration of monoclonal antibodies against proBDNF or specific knockout of p75NTR in CD19+ B cells exerted a therapeutic effect on lupus mice by limiting the proportion of ASCs, reducing the production of autoantibodies and attenuating kidney injury. Blocking the biological function of proBDNF or p75NTR also inhibits ASC differentiation and antibody production in vitro. Together, these findings suggest that proBDNF-p75NTR signaling plays a critical pathogenic role in SLE through promoting ASC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ru-Yi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jun-Mei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan 410011, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Chen Z, Tang HB, Kang JJ, Chen ZY, Li YL, Fan QY, Zhang L, Song YH, Zhang GL, Fan H. Necroptotic astrocytes induced neuronal apoptosis partially through EVs-derived pro-BDNF. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:73-80. [PMID: 34555432 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that neuronal apoptosis was significantly increased upon treatment of conditioned medium (CM) from necroptotic astrocytes (NAS), leaving the underlying mechanism unclear. Considering the nutritive and supportive roles of astrocytes, we first examined the neurotrophic phenotype of necroptotic astrocytes with focus on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two important neurotrophic factors, and it was unexpectedly found that the expression of GDNF and BDNF were up-regulated in necroptotic astrocytes in vitro. A question was raised as to whether the functional secreted forms of neurotrophic factors were increased. Considering that extracellular vesicles (EVs) were carriers of secreted substances and their roles in cellular interaction, we isolated EVs from astrocytes and found EVs from normal and necroptotic astrocytes (EVs-NAS) had characteristics of exosomes. We then examined GDNF and BDNF in EVs-NAS, and BDNF was interestingly found as an immature form of pro-BDNF. The expression of pro-BDNF was found to be increased in EVs-NAS, and EVs-NAS had a negative effect on neuronal survival. To verify that whether pro-BDNF was involved in the detrimental effect of EVs-NAS, anti-pro-BDNF antibody was applied, and we found that neuronal apoptosis-induced by EVs-NAS could be significantly attenuated by blocking pro-BDNF, which suggested that necroptotic astrocytes induced neuronal apoptosis partially through EVs-derived pro-BDNF. The data expand our understanding in neurotrophic phenotype of necroptotic astrocytes, and may provide us new strategies targeting on EVs-NAS in treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Hai-Bin Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China.
| | - Jun-Jun Kang
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Zi-Yi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Qing-Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Gui-Lian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
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13
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Hu ZL, Luo C, Hurtado PR, Li H, Wang S, Hu B, Xu JM, Liu Y, Feng SQ, Hurtado-Perez E, Chen K, Zhou XF, Li CQ, Dai RP. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor in the immune system is a novel target for treating multiple sclerosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:715-730. [PMID: 33391501 PMCID: PMC7738849 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system. However, the role of proBDNF in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Methods: Peripheral blood and post-mortem brain and spinal cord specimens were obtained from multiple sclerosis patients to analyze proBDNF expression in peripheral lymphocytes and infiltrating immune cells in the lesion site. The proBDNF expression profile was also examined in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, and polyclonal and monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibodies were used to explore their therapeutic effect in EAE. Finally, the role of proBDNF in the inflammatory immune activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was verified in vitro experiments. Results: High proBDNF expression was detected in the circulating lymphocytes and infiltrated inflammatory cells at the lesion sites of the brain and spinal cord in MS patients. In the EAE mouse model, proBDNF was upregulated in CNS and in circulating and splenic lymphocytes. Systemic but not intracranial administration of anti-proBDNF blocking antibodies attenuated clinical scores, limited demyelination, and inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in EAE mice. Immuno-stimulants treatment increased the proBDNF release and upregulated the expression of p75 neurotrophic receptors (p75NTR) in lymphocytes. The monoclonal antibody against proBDNF inhibited the inflammatory response of PBMCs upon stimulations. Conclusion: The findings suggest that proBDNF from immune cells promotes the immunopathogenesis of MS. Monoclonal Ab-proB may be a promising therapeutic agent for treating MS.
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14
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Neuroprotective Effects of Anti-proBDNF in a Rat Photothrombotic Ischemic Model. Neuroscience 2020; 446:261-270. [PMID: 32798590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of proBDNF in ischemic brain and the detrimental role of proBDNF on cellular survival has already been established. We propose that the up-regulated proBDNF may trigger the harmful events and evoke a secondary ischemic damage after ischemia. This study aimed to establish the neuroprotective effects of anti-proBDNF antibody in a rat photothrombotic ischemic model. Photothrombotic ischemic model was performed on Sprague Dawley rats and anti-proBDNF antibodies were administered intraperitoneally to the ischemic rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg after 6 hours (6 h) and on 3 days (3d) after ischemia. Behavioural tests were performed for sensorimotor functional analyses. Animals were euthanized at 7d for histochemical and biochemical studies. We observed higher proBDNF expression around the ischemic infarct. Higher level of apoptosis and inflammation was evident at 7d after ischemia on brain sections. Interestingly, the anti-proBDNF treatment instigated significant reduction of the infarction size as detected by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Similar reduction of apoptotic signaling proteins in western blot and immunostaining after anti-proBDNF treatment was found. Up-regulation of synaptic protein expression was also observed after this treatment. Significant sensorimotor functional improvements were also noticed at 7d after anti-proBDNF treatment. We conclude that anti-proBDNF treatment is anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory, and plays advantageous role in promoting cellular growth and improving sensorimotor function after ischemic insult. Taken together, our study suggests that this anti-proBDNF treatment can be considered as a therapeutic approach for ischemic recovery.
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15
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Lin LY, Kelliny S, Liu LC, Al-Hawwas M, Zhou XF, Bobrovskaya L. Peripheral ProBDNF Delivered by an AAV Vector to the Muscle Triggers Depression-Like Behaviours in Mice. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:626-639. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Yu YQ, Zhang YL, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li H, Zhou XF, Hu ZL, Dai RP. Involvement of proBDNF in Monocytes/Macrophages with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Depressive Mice. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:887-899. [PMID: 32588356 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorders (MDD) are often comorbid with the gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) has been reported to contribute to the development of depression in mouse models. However, the role of proBDNF in depression-associated GI disorders is still unrevealed. Mice experienced unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure and were then intraperitoneally injected with fluoxetine (20 mg/kg). Open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to evaluate the severity of depression. Oral administration of food dye gel and histological staining were performed to assess GI transit and morphological alterations. QPCR was performed to assess the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed to examine the expression and cellular localization of proBDNF. It was found that (a) in the peripheral blood, the expression of proBDNF and its receptor pan neurotrophin receptor 75 (p75NTR) in CD11b+ cells in depressive mice was higher than in controls; (b) the GI motility was decreased after the UCMS procedure and partly reversed by fluoxetine treatment; (c) proBDNF/p75NTR was highly expressed in macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria; (d) the upregulated proBDNF/p75NTR and the activated cytokines, including IL (interleukin)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN (interferon)-γ, were positively correlated with the depression and GI disorders, and were inhibited by fluoxetine treatment. UCMS procedure upregulated the expression of proBDNF and p75NTR in monocytes/macrophages of peripheral blood and intestinal lamina propria, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression-associated GI disorders. Fluoxetine reversed the GI dysfunction, infiltration of macrophages, and upregulation of proBDNF signaling in the depressive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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17
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Luo RY, Luo C, Zhong F, Shen WY, Li H, Hu ZL, Dai RP. ProBDNF promotes sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice by dampening the immune activity of meningeal CD4 + T cells. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:169. [PMID: 32466783 PMCID: PMC7257240 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) increases the mortality of septic patients, but its mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of T lymphocytes, proBDNF, and their interaction in the pathogenesis of SAE. METHODS Fear conditioning tests were conducted for cognitive assessment in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg kg-1)-induced septic mice. Meninges and peripheral blood were harvested for flow cytometry or qPCR. FTY720 and monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibody (McAb-proB) were used to investigate the effect of lymphocyte depletion and blocking proBDNF on the impaired cognitive functions in the septic mice. RESULTS In the septic mice, cognitive function was impaired, the percentage of CD4+ T cells were decreased in the meninges (P = 0.0021) and circulation (P = 0.0222), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated, but the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 (P < 0.0001) and IL-13 (P = 0.0350) were downregulated in the meninges. Lymphocyte depletion by intragastrically treated FTY720 (1 mg kg-1) for 1 week ameliorated LPS-induced learning deficit. In addition, proBDNF was increased in the meningeal (P = 0.0042) and peripheral (P = 0.0090) CD4+ T cells. Intraperitoneal injection of McAb-proB (100 μg) before LPS treatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction, inhibited the downregulation of meningeal (P = 0.0264) and peripheral (P = 0.0080) CD4+ T cells, and normalized the gene expression of cytokines in the meninges. However, intra-cerebroventricular McAb-proB injection (1 μg) did not have such effect. Finally, exogenous proBDNF downregulated the percentage of CD4+ T cells in cultured splenocytes from septic mice (P = 0.0021). CONCLUSION Upregulated proBDNF in immune system promoted the pathogenesis of SAE through downregulating the circulating CD4+ T cells, limiting its infiltration into the meninges and perturbing the meningeal pro-/anti-inflammatory homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Central Ren-Min Road No. 139, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Central Ren-Min Road No. 139, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Zhong
- Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Central Ren-Min Road No. 139, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Central Ren-Min Road No. 139, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Central Ren-Min Road No. 139, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Central Ren-Min Road No. 139, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. .,Anesthesia Medical Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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18
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Wang X, Ma W, Wang T, Yang J, Wu Z, Liu K, Dai Y, Zang C, Liu W, Liu J, Liang Y, Guo J, Li L. BDNF-TrkB and proBDNF-p75NTR/Sortilin Signaling Pathways are Involved in Mitochondria-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis in Dorsal Root Ganglia after Sciatic Nerve Transection. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:66-82. [PMID: 31957620 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200117110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays critical roles during development
of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in neuronal survival after injury.
Although proBDNF induces neuronal apoptosis after injury in vivo, whether it can also act as a death
factor in vitro and in vivo under physiological conditions and after nerve injury, as well as its mechanism
of inducing apoptosis, is still unclear.
Objective:
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which proBDNF causes apoptosis in sensory
neurons and Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs) in Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) After Sciatic Nerve
Transection (SNT).
Methods:
SGCs cultures were prepared and a scratch model was established to analyze the role of
proBDNF in sensory neurons and SGCs in DRG following SNT. Following treatment with proBDNF
antiserum, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining were used to detect the expression of Glial
Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in DRG tissue; immunocytochemistry
and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay were used to detect GFAP expression and
cell viability of SGCs, respectively. RT-qPCR, western blot, and ELISA were used to measure mRNA
and protein levels, respectively, of key factors in BDNF-TrkB, proBDNF-p75NTR/sortilin, and apoptosis
signaling pathways.
Results:
proBDNF induced mitochondrial apoptosis of SGCs and neurons by modulating BDNF-TrkB
and proBDNF-p75NTR/sortilin signaling pathways. In addition, neuroprotection was achieved by inhibiting
the biological activity of endogenous proBDNF protein by injection of anti-proBDNF serum. Furthermore,
the anti-proBDNF serum inhibited the activation of SGCs and promoted their proliferation.
Conclusion:
proBDNF induced apoptosis in SGCs and sensory neurons in DRG following SNT. The
proBDNF signaling pathway is a potential novel therapeutic target for reducing sensory neuron and
SGCs loss following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Kuangpin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yunfei Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chenghao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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19
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Su X, Peng D. New insight into sortilin in controlling lipid metabolism and the risk of atherogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:232-243. [PMID: 31625271 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Shen WY, Luo C, Reinaldo Hurtado P, Hurtado-Perez E, Luo RY, Hu ZL, Li H, Xu JM, Zhou XF, Dai RP. The regulatory role of ProBDNF in monocyte function: Implications in Stanford type-A aortic dissection disease. FASEB J 2019; 34:2541-2553. [PMID: 31908023 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901905rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) has been reported to strengthen the dysfunction of monocytes/macrophages in animal studies. However, it is still unknown the roles of proBDNF in the dysfunction of monocytes in the inflammatory diseases in humans. In the present study, we showed that proBDNF and pan neurotrophic receptor p75 were significantly upregulated in monocytes from healthy donors (HD) after lipopolysaccharide treatment. Exogenous proBDNF treatment upregulated CD40 and proinflammatory cytokines expression in monocytes including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In Stanford type-A acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients, proBDNF was upregulated in CD14+ CD163+ CX3CR1+ M2- but not CD14+ CD68+ CCR2+ M1-like monocytes. In addition, sera from AAD patients activated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured PBMCs from HD, which was attenuated by proBDNF monoclonal antibody (Ab-proB) treatment. These findings suggested that upregulation of proBDNF in M2-like monocytes may contribute to the proinflammatory response in the AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | | | - Ernesto Hurtado-Perez
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ru-Yi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Jun-Mei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha City, China
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21
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Upregulation of proBDNF in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Septic Mice. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:540-550. [PMID: 31278527 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The immune status in the lymphatic system, especially mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), is critical to regulate the septic shock. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the enteric system has been reported to regulate enteric immunity. However, the role of its precursor, proBDNF, in the immune status of MLNs under sepsis condition is still unclear. This study aimed to characterize the expression pattern of proBDNF in MLNs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and to investigate the association of pathogenesis of sepsis. LPS (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to induce sepsis in mice. Survival curve analysis, routine blood tests, and liver and kidney function tests were performed to evaluate the severity of sepsis. QPCR and histological staining were performed to assess the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines and degree of immune-inflammatory response in the MLNs. Furthermore, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence were performed to examine the key molecules expression of proBDNF signaling. Intraperitoneal LPS injection significantly decreased the number of lymphocytes in blood but increased the number of T lymphocytes in MLNs. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and blood urea nitrogen levels were increased in LPS-challenged mice compared to control mice. LPS administration upregulated proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and induced histological changes in the MLNs. LPS injection increased BDNF, proBDNF, and its receptor pan neutrophin receptor 75 (p75NTR) expression in MLNs. The increased proBDNF was mainly localized on CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in the medulla of MLNs. LPS-induced sepsis upregulated proBDNF expression in medulla T cells of MLNs. ProBDNF upregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of septic shock.
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22
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Gonçalves NP, Mohseni S, El Soury M, Ulrichsen M, Richner M, Xiao J, Wood RJ, Andersen OM, Coulson EJ, Raimondo S, Murray SS, Vægter CB. Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Is Independent From Schwann Cell p75 NTR Expression. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:235. [PMID: 31191256 PMCID: PMC6548843 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell reprogramming and differentiation are crucial prerequisites for neuronal regeneration and re-myelination to occur following injury to peripheral nerves. The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR has been identified as a positive modulator for Schwann cell myelination during development and implicated in promoting nerve regeneration after injury. However, most studies base this conclusion on results obtained from complete p75NTR knockout mouse models and cannot dissect the specific role of p75NTR expressed by Schwann cells. In this present study, a conditional knockout model selectively deleting p75NTR expression in Schwann cells was generated, where p75NTR expression is replaced with that of an mCherry reporter. Silencing of Schwann cell p75NTR expression was confirmed in the sciatic nerve in vivo and in vitro, without altering axonal expression of p75NTR. No difference in sciatic nerve myelination during development or following sciatic nerve crush injury was observed, as determined by quantification of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fiber densities, myelinated axonal diameter and myelin thickness. However, the absence of Schwann cell p75NTR reduced motor nerve conduction velocity after crush injury. Our data indicate that the absence of Schwann cell p75NTR expression in vivo is not critical for axonal regrowth or remyelination following sciatic nerve crush injury, but does play a key role in functional recovery. Overall, this represents the first step in redefining the role of p75NTR in the peripheral nervous system, suggesting that the Schwann cell-axon unit functions as a syncytium, with the previous published involvement of p75NTR in remyelination most likely depending on axonal/neuronal p75NTR and/or mutual glial-axonal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia P. Gonçalves
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience – DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simin Mohseni
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marwa El Soury
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maj Ulrichsen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience – DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience – DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon J. Wood
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olav M. Andersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience – DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon S. Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian B. Vægter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience – DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Figueiredo CA, Düsedau HP, Steffen J, Gupta N, Dunay MP, Toth GK, Reglodi D, Heimesaat MM, Dunay IR. Immunomodulatory Effects of the Neuropeptide Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Acute Toxoplasmosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:154. [PMID: 31192159 PMCID: PMC6546896 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous neuropeptide with distinct functions including the regulation of inflammatory processes. PACAP is able to modify the immune response by directly regulating macrophages and monocytes inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and free radicals. Here, we analyzed the effect of exogenous PACAP on peripheral immune cell subsets upon acute infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). PACAP administration was followed by diminished innate immune cell recruitment to the peritoneal cavity of T. gondii-infected mice. PACAP did not directly interfere with parasite replication, instead, indirectly reduced parasite burden in mononuclear cell populations by enhancing their phagocytic capacity. Although proinflammatory cytokine levels were attenuated in the periphery upon PACAP treatment, interleukin (IL)-10 and Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) remained stable. While PACAP modulated VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors in immune cells upon binding, it also increased their expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, the expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) on Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes was diminished upon PACAP administration. Our findings highlight the immunomodulatory effect of PACAP on peripheral immune cell subsets during acute Toxoplasmosis, providing new insights about host-pathogen interaction and the effects of neuropeptides during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Andreeta Figueiredo
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henning Peter Düsedau
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Steffen
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nishith Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miklos Pal Dunay
- Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor K Toth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences - CBBS, Magdeburg, Germany
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24
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Panax notoginsenoside Rb1 Restores the Neurotrophic Imbalance Following Photothrombotic Stroke in Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:441-451. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Düsedau HP, Kleveman J, Figueiredo CA, Biswas A, Steffen J, Kliche S, Haak S, Zagrebelsky M, Korte M, Dunay IR. p75 NTR regulates brain mononuclear cell function and neuronal structure in Toxoplasma infection-induced neuroinflammation. Glia 2019; 67:193-211. [PMID: 30597659 PMCID: PMC6590406 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins mediate neuronal growth, differentiation, and survival via tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) or p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) signaling. The p75NTR is not exclusively expressed by neurons but also by certain immune cells, implying a role for neurotrophin signaling in the immune system. In this study, we investigated the effect of p75NTR on innate immune cell behavior and on neuronal morphology upon chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection‐induced neuroinflammation. Characterization of the immune cells in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) revealed that innate immune cell subsets in the brain upregulated p75NTR upon infection in wild‐type mice. Although cell recruitment and phagocytic capacity of p75NTRexonIV knockout (p75−/−) mice were not impaired, the activation status of resident microglia and recruited myeloid cell subsets was altered. Importantly, recruited mononuclear cells in brains of infected p75−/− mice upregulated the production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐6 as well as IL‐1α. Protein levels of proBDNF, known to negatively influence neuronal morphology by binding p75NTR, were highly increased upon chronic infection in the brain of wild‐type and p75−/− mice. Moreover, upon infection the activated immune cells contributed to the proBDNF release. Notably, the neuroinflammation‐induced changes in spine density were rescued in the p75−/− mice. In conclusion, these findings indicate that neurotrophin signaling via the p75NTR affects innate immune cell behavior, thus, influencing the structural plasticity of neurons under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Peter Düsedau
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kleveman
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Caio Andreeta Figueiredo
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aindrila Biswas
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Steffen
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Haak
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Zagrebelsky
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
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26
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Liu S, Guo W, Zhou H, Tang L, Feng S, Zhong JH, Zhou XF. proBDNF inhibits the proliferation and migration of OLN‑93 oligodendrocytes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3809-3817. [PMID: 30132570 PMCID: PMC6131500 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast with mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), proBDNF induces cell apoptosis. However, the function of proBDNF in oligodendrocytes remains unclear. In the present study, the OLN-93 oligodendroglia cell line was utilized as an in vitro model to analyse the functions of proBDNF in oligodendroglia. p75NTR, sortilin and proBDNF were expressed in cultured OLN-93 cells. It was indicated that proBDNF inhibited OLN-93 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner as determined using the MTT assay and BrdU staining. Furthermore, proBDNF suppressed the migration of OLN-93 cells as demonstrated using the scratch assay. proBDNF also decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis as indicated by activated cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (caspase-3) immunocytochemistry. Notably, anti-proBDNF treatment neutralized the effect of proBDNF and resulted in increased cell proliferation and migration and decreased apoptosis. However, these effects were not observed in the presence of recombinant p75NTR extracellular domain-human FC fusion protein and p75NTR antibody, indicating that proBDNF imparts its inhibitory effects on oligodendrocytes through the p75NTR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science and Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA5000, Australia
| | - Wei Guo
- Orthopaedic Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Orthopaedic Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tang
- Orthopaedic Department of Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Orthopaedic Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhong
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science and Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA5000, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science and Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA5000, Australia
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27
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Fan B, Wei Z, Yao X, Shi G, Cheng X, Zhou X, Zhou H, Ning G, Kong X, Feng S. Microenvironment Imbalance of Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:853-866. [PMID: 29871522 PMCID: PMC6050904 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718755778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), for which there currently is no cure, is a heavy burden on
patient physiology and psychology. The microenvironment of the injured spinal cord is
complicated. According to our previous work and the advancements in SCI research,
‘microenvironment imbalance’ is the main cause of the poor regeneration and recovery of
SCI. Microenvironment imbalance is defined as an increase in inhibitory factors and
decrease in promoting factors for tissues, cells and molecules at different times and
spaces. There are imbalance of hemorrhage and ischemia, glial scar formation,
demyelination and re-myelination at the tissue’s level. The cellular level imbalance
involves an imbalance in the differentiation of endogenous stem cells and the
transformation phenotypes of microglia and macrophages. The molecular level includes an
imbalance of neurotrophic factors and their pro-peptides, cytokines, and chemokines. The
imbalanced microenvironment of the spinal cord impairs regeneration and functional
recovery. This review will aid in the understanding of the pathological processes involved
in and the development of comprehensive treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyou Fan
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Yao
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guidong Shi
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- 2 Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- 1 National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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28
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Medelin M, Giacco V, Aldinucci A, Castronovo G, Bonechi E, Sibilla A, Tanturli M, Torcia M, Ballerini L, Cozzolino F, Ballerini C. Bridging pro-inflammatory signals, synaptic transmission and protection in spinal explants in vitro. Mol Brain 2018; 11:3. [PMID: 29334986 PMCID: PMC5769440 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by tissue atrophy involving the brain and the spinal cord, where reactive inflammation contributes to the neurodegenerative processes. Recently, the presence of synapse alterations induced by the inflammatory responses was suggested by experimental and clinical observations, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model and in patients, respectively. Further knowledge on the interplay between pro-inflammatory agents, neuroglia and synaptic dysfunction is crucial to the design of unconventional protective molecules. Here we report the effects, on spinal cord circuits, of a cytokine cocktail that partly mimics the signature of T lymphocytes sub population Th1. In embryonic mouse spinal organ-cultures, containing neuronal cells and neuroglia, cytokines induced inflammatory responses accompanied by a significant increase in spontaneous synaptic activity. We suggest that cytokines specifically altered signal integration in spinal networks by speeding the decay of GABAA responses. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that synapse protection by a non-peptidic NGF mimetic molecule prevented both the changes in the time course of GABA events and in network activity that were left unchanged by the cytokine production from astrocytes and microglia present in the cultured tissue. In conclusion, we developed an important tool for the study of synaptic alterations induced by inflammation, that takes into account the role of neuronal and not neuronal resident cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Medelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - V Giacco
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Aldinucci
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Castronovo
- Department of DSBSC, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - E Bonechi
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - A Sibilla
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Tanturli
- Department of DSBSC, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - M Torcia
- Department of DMSC, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - L Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
| | - F Cozzolino
- Department of DSBSC, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - C Ballerini
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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29
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p75NTR and TROY: Uncharted Roles of Nogo Receptor Complex in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6329-6336. [PMID: 29294247 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been on the forefront of drug discovery for most of the myelin inhibitory molecules implicated in axonal regenerative process. Nogo-A along with its putative receptor NgR and co-receptor LINGO-1 has paved the way for the production of pharmaceutical agents such as monoclonal antibodies, which are already put into handful of clinical trials. On the other side, little progress has been made towards clarifying the role of neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) and TROY in disease progression, other key players of the Nogo receptor complex. Previous work of our lab has shown that their exact location and type of expression is harmonized in a phase-dependent manner. Here, in this review, we outline their façade in normal and diseased central nervous system (CNS) and suggest a role for p75NTR in chronic axonal regeneration whereas TROY in acute inflammation of EAE intercourse.
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30
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Abstract
Despite the success of cART, greater than 50% of HIV infected people develop cognitive and motor deficits termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Macrophages are the major cell type infected in the CNS. Unlike for T cells, the virus does not kill macrophages and these long-lived cells may become HIV reservoirs in the brain. They produce cytokines/chemokines and viral proteins that promote inflammation and neuronal damage, playing a key role in HIV neuropathogenesis. HIV Tat is the transactivator of transcription that is essential for replication and transcriptional regulation of the virus and is the first protein to be produced after HIV infection. Even with successful cART, Tat is produced by infected cells. In this study we examined the role of the HIV Tat protein in the regulation of gene expression in human macrophages. Using THP-1 cells, a human monocyte/macrophage cell line, and their infection with lentivirus, we generated stable cell lines that express Tat-Flag. We performed ChIP-seq analysis of these cells and found 66 association sites of Tat in promoter or coding regions. Among these are C5, CRLF2/TSLPR, BDNF, and APBA1/Mint1, genes associated with inflammation/damage. We confirmed the association of Tat with these sequences by ChIP assay and expression of these genes in our THP-1 cell lines by qRT-PCR. We found that HIV Tat increased expression of C5, APBA1, and BDNF, and decreased CRLF2. The K50A Tat-mutation dysregulated expression of these genes without affecting the binding of the Tat complex to their gene sequences. Our data suggest that HIV Tat, produced by macrophage HIV reservoirs in the brain despite successful cART, contributes to neuropathogenesis in HIV-infected people.
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31
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Ding YQ, Li XY, Xia GN, Ren HY, Zhou XF, Su BY, Qi JG. ProBDNF inhibits collective migration and chemotaxis of rat Schwann cells. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:503-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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McLean NA, Verge VMK. Dynamic impact of brief electrical nerve stimulation on the neural immune axis-polarization of macrophages toward a pro-repair phenotype in demyelinated peripheral nerve. Glia 2016; 64:1546-61. [PMID: 27353566 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Demyelinating peripheral nerves are infiltrated by cells of the monocyte lineage, including macrophages, which are highly plastic, existing on a continuum from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-repair M2 phenotypic states. Whether one can therapeutically manipulate demyelinated peripheral nerves to promote a pro-repair M2 phenotype remains to be elucidated. We previously identified brief electrical nerve stimulation (ES) as therapeutically beneficial for remyelination, benefits which include accelerated clearance of macrophages, making us theorize that ES alters the local immune response. Thus, the impact of ES on the immune microenvironment in the zone of demyelination was examined. Adult male rat tibial nerves were focally demyelinated via 1% lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) injection. Five days later, half underwent 1 hour 20 Hz sciatic nerve ES proximal to the LPC injection site. ES had a remarkable and significant impact, shifting the macrophage phenotype from predominantly pro-inflammatory/M1 toward a predominantly pro-repair/M2 one, as evidenced by an increased incidence of expression of M2-associated phenotypic markers in identified macrophages and a decrease in M1-associated marker expression. This was discernible at 3 days post-ES (8 days post-LPC) and continued at the 5 day post-ES (10 days post-LPC) time point examined. ES also affected chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2; aka MCP-1) expression in a manner that correlated with increases and decreases in macrophage numbers observed in the demyelination zone. The data establish that briefly increasing neuronal activity favorably alters the immune microenvironment in demyelinated nerve, rapidly polarizing macrophages toward a pro-repair phenotype, a beneficial therapeutic concept that may extend to other pathologies. GLIA 2016;64:1546-1561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A McLean
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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33
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Zhong LY, Cayabyab FS, Tang CK, Zheng XL, Peng TH, Lv YC. Sortilin: A novel regulator in lipid metabolism and atherogenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 460:11-7. [PMID: 27312323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have shown that SORT1 gene within 1p13.3 locus is an important modulator of the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level and atherosclerosis risk. Here, we summarize the effects of SORT1, which codes for sortilin, on lipid metabolism and development of atherosclerosis and explore the mechanisms underlying sortilin effects on lipid metabolism especially in hepatocytes and macrophages. Recent epidemiological evidence demonstrated that sortilin has been implicated as the causative factor and regulates lipid metabolism in vivo. Hepatic sortilin overexpression leads to both increased and decreased LDL-C levels by several different mechanisms, suggesting the complex roles of sortilin in hepatic lipid metabolism. Macrophage sortilin causes internalization of LDL and probably a reduction in cholesterol efflux, resulting in the intracellular accumulation of excessive lipids. In addition, sortilin deficiency in an atherosclerotic mouse model results in decreased aortic atherosclerotic lesion. Sortilin involves in lipid metabolism, promotes the development of atherosclerosis, and possibly becomes a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Zhong
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tian-Hong Peng
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Yun-Cheng Lv
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Meeker RB, Williams KS. The p75 neurotrophin receptor: at the crossroad of neural repair and death. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:721-5. [PMID: 26109945 PMCID: PMC4468762 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.156967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong repair and pro-survival functions of neurotrophins at their primary receptors, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, have made them attractive candidates for treatment of nervous system injury and disease. However, difficulties with the clinical implementation of neurotrophin therapies have prompted the search for treatments that are stable, easier to deliver and allow more precise regulation of neurotrophin actions. Recently, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has emerged as a potential target for pharmacological control of neurotrophin activity, supported in part by studies demonstrating 1) regulation of neural plasticity in the mature nervous system, 2) promotion of adult neurogenesis and 3) increased expression in neurons, macrophages, microglia, astrocytes and/or Schwann cells in response to injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Although the receptor has no intrinsic catalytic activity it interacts with and modulates the function of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, as well as sortilin and the Nogo receptor. This provides substantial cellular and molecular diversity for regulation of neuron survival, neurogenesis, immune responses and processes that support neural function. Upregulation of the p75NTR under pathological conditions places the receptor in a key position to control numerous processes necessary for nervous system recovery. Support for this possibility has come from recent studies showing that small, non-peptide p75NTR ligands can selectively modify pro-survival and repair functions. While a great deal remains to be discovered about the wide ranging functions of the p75NTR, studies summarized in this review highlight the immense potential for development of novel neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick B Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly S Williams
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Abstract
To characterize the role of neurotrophin receptors on macrophages, we investigated the ability of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its precursor, proNGF, to regulate human macrophage phenotype. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and TrkA were concentrated within overlapping domains on membrane ruffles. NGF stimulation of macrophages increased membrane ruffling, calcium spiking, phagocytosis and growth factor secretion. In contrast, proNGF induced podosome formation, increased migration, suppressed calcium spikes and increased neurotoxin secretion. These results demonstrate opposing roles of NGF and proNGF in macrophage regulation providing new avenues for pharmacological intervention during neuroinflammation.
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Patel KM, Strong A, Tohyama J, Jin X, Morales CR, Billheimer J, Millar J, Kruth H, Rader DJ. Macrophage sortilin promotes LDL uptake, foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2015; 116:789-96. [PMID: 25593281 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Noncoding gene variants at the SORT1 locus are strongly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as well as with coronary artery disease. SORT1 encodes a protein called sortilin, and hepatic sortilin modulates LDL metabolism by targeting apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins to the lysosome. Sortilin is also expressed in macrophages, but its role in macrophage uptake of LDL and in atherosclerosis independent of plasma LDL-C levels is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of macrophage sortilin expression on LDL uptake, foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We crossed Sort1(-/-) mice onto a humanized Apobec1(-/-); hAPOB transgenic background and determined that Sort1 deficiency on this background had no effect on plasma LDL-C levels but dramatically reduced atherosclerosis in the aorta and aortic root. To test whether this effect was a result of macrophage sortilin deficiency, we transplanted Sort1(-/-);LDLR(-/-) or Sort1(+/+);LDLR(-/-) bone marrow into Ldlr(-/-) mice and observed a similar reduction in atherosclerosis in mice lacking hematopoetic sortilin without an effect on plasma LDL-C levels. In an effort to determine the mechanism by which hematopoetic sortilin deficiency reduced atherosclerosis, we found no effect of sortilin deficiency on macrophage recruitment or lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release in vivo. In contrast, sortilin-deficient macrophages had significantly reduced uptake of native LDL ex vivo and reduced foam cell formation in vivo, whereas sortilin overexpression in macrophages resulted in increased LDL uptake and foam cell formation. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage sortilin deficiency protects against atherosclerosis by reducing macrophage uptake of LDL. Sortilin-mediated uptake of native LDL into macrophages may be an important mechanism of foam cell formation and contributor to atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Patel
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - Alanna Strong
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - Junichiro Tohyama
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - Xueting Jin
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - Carlos R Morales
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - Jeffery Billheimer
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - John Millar
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - Howard Kruth
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- From the Department of Medicine (K.M.P., A.S., J.T., J.B., J.M., D.J.R.) and Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (X.J., H.K.); and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.R.M.).
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Harvey AR, Lovett SJ, Majda BT, Yoon JH, Wheeler LPG, Hodgetts SI. Neurotrophic factors for spinal cord repair: Which, where, how and when to apply, and for what period of time? Brain Res 2014; 1619:36-71. [PMID: 25451132 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of neurotrophic factors have been used in attempts to improve morphological and behavioural outcomes after experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we review many of these factors, their cellular targets, and their therapeutic impact on spinal cord repair in different, primarily rodent, models of SCI. A majority of studies report favourable outcomes but results are by no means consistent, thus a major aim of this review is to consider how best to apply neurotrophic factors after SCI to optimize their therapeutic potential. In addition to which factors are chosen, many variables need be considered when delivering trophic support, including where and when to apply a given factor or factors, how such factors are administered, at what dose, and for how long. Overall, the majority of studies have applied neurotrophic support in or close to the spinal cord lesion site, in the acute or sub-acute phase (0-14 days post-injury). Far fewer chronic SCI studies have been undertaken. In addition, comparatively fewer studies have administered neurotrophic factors directly to the cell bodies of injured neurons; yet in other instructive rodent models of CNS injury, for example optic nerve crush or transection, therapies are targeted directly at the injured neurons themselves, the retinal ganglion cells. The mode of delivery of neurotrophic factors is also an important variable, whether delivered by acute injection of recombinant proteins, sub-acute or chronic delivery using osmotic minipumps, cell-mediated delivery, delivery using polymer release vehicles or supporting bridges of some sort, or the use of gene therapy to modify neurons, glial cells or precursor/stem cells. Neurotrophic factors are often used in combination with cell or tissue grafts and/or other pharmacotherapeutic agents. Finally, the dose and time-course of delivery of trophic support should ideally be tailored to suit specific biological requirements, whether they relate to neuronal survival, axonal sparing/sprouting, or the long-distance regeneration of axons ending in a different mode of growth associated with terminal arborization and renewed synaptogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Harvey
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Sarah J Lovett
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bernadette T Majda
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jun H Yoon
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lachlan P G Wheeler
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart I Hodgetts
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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McLean NA, Popescu BF, Gordon T, Zochodne DW, Verge VMK. Delayed nerve stimulation promotes axon-protective neurofilament phosphorylation, accelerates immune cell clearance and enhances remyelination in vivo in focally demyelinated nerves. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110174. [PMID: 25310564 PMCID: PMC4195712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and efficient axon remyelination aids in restoring strong electrochemical communication with end organs and in preventing axonal degeneration often observed in demyelinating neuropathies. The signals from axons that can trigger more effective remyelination in vivo are still being elucidated. Here we report the remarkable effect of delayed brief electrical nerve stimulation (ES; 1 hour @ 20 Hz 5 days post-demyelination) on ensuing reparative events in a focally demyelinated adult rat peripheral nerve. ES impacted many parameters underlying successful remyelination. It effected increased neurofilament expression and phosphorylation, both implicated in axon protection. ES increased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and promoted node of Ranvier re-organization, both of which coincided with the early reappearance of remyelinated axons, effects not observed at the same time points in non-stimulated demyelinated nerves. The improved ES-associated remyelination was accompanied by enhanced clearance of ED-1 positive macrophages and attenuation of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in accompanying Schwann cells, suggesting a more rapid clearance of myelin debris and return of Schwann cells to a nonreactive myelinating state. These benefits of ES correlated with increased levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the acute demyelination zone, a key molecule in the initiation of the myelination program. In conclusion, the tremendous impact of delayed brief nerve stimulation on enhancement of the innate capacity of a focally demyelinated nerve to successfully remyelinate identifies manipulation of this axis as a novel therapeutic target for demyelinating pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A. McLean
- CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center) and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bogdan F. Popescu
- CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center) and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas W. Zochodne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valerie M. K. Verge
- CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center) and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Warren PM, Alilain WJ. The challenges of respiratory motor system recovery following cervical spinal cord injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 212:173-220. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63488-7.00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chang RS, Wang SD, Wang YC, Lin LJ, Kao ST, Wang JY. Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang shows preventive effect of asthma in an allergic asthma mouse model through neurotrophin regulation. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:220. [PMID: 24010817 PMCID: PMC3847146 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the effect of Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT) on neurotrophin in an established mouse model of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-induced acute allergic asthma and in a LA4 cell line model of lung adenoma. The effects of XQLT on the regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and immunoglobulin E were measured. METHODS LA4 cells were stimulated with 100 μg/ml Der p 24 h and the supernatant was collected for ELISA analysis. Der p-stimulated LA4 cells with either XQLT pre-treatment or XQLT co-treatment were used to evaluate the XQLT effect on neurotrophin.Balb/c mice were sensitized on days 0 and 7 with a base-tail injection of 50 μg Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) that was emulsified in 50 μl incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). On day 14, mice received an intra-tracheal challenge of 50 μl Der p (2 mg/ml). XQLT (1g/Kg) was administered orally to mice either on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 as a preventive strategy or on day 15 as a therapeutic strategy. RESULTS XQLT inhibited expression of those NGF, BDNF and thymus-and activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) in LA4 cells that were subjected to a Der p allergen. Both preventive and therapeutic treatments with XQLT in mice reduced AHR. Preventive treatment with XQLT markedly decreased NGF in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and BDNF in serum, whereas therapeutic treatment reduced only serum BDNF level. The reduced NGF levels corresponded to a decrease in AHR by XQLT treatment. Reduced BALF NGF and TARC and serum BDNF levels may have been responsible for decreased eosinophil infiltration into lung tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that p75NTR and TrkA levels were reduced in the lungs of mice under both XQLT treatment protocols, and this reduction may have been correlated with the prevention of the asthmatic reaction by XQLT. CONCLUSION XQLT alleviated allergic inflammation including AHR, IgE elevation and eosinophil infiltration in Der p stimulated mice by regulating neurotrophin and reducing TARC. These results revealed the potential pharmacological targets on which the XQLT decotion exerts preventive and therapeutic effects in an allergic asthma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Shiu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, No. 57, Sec. 1, Dongmen Rd, Tainan 70142, Taiwan
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
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Weishaupt N, Blesch A, Fouad K. BDNF: the career of a multifaceted neurotrophin in spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2012; 238:254-64. [PMID: 22982152 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been identified as a potent promoter of neurite growth, a finding that has led to an ongoing exploration of this neurotrophin as a potential treatment for spinal cord injury. BDNF's many effects in the nervous system make it an excellent candidate for neuroprotective strategies as well as for promoting axonal regeneration, plasticity and re-myelination. In addition, neuronal activity and physical exercise can modulate the expression of BDNF, suggesting that non-invasive means to increase BDNF levels might exist. Nonetheless, depending on the location, amount and duration of BDNF delivery, this potent neurotrophin can also have adverse effects, such as modulation of nociceptive pathways or contribution to spasticity. Taken together, the benefits and possible risks require careful assessment when considering this multifaceted neurotrophin as a treatment option for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Weishaupt
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Cenik B, Sephton CF, Kutluk Cenik B, Herz J, Yu G. Progranulin: a proteolytically processed protein at the crossroads of inflammation and neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32298-306. [PMID: 22859297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.399170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
GRN mutations cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43-positive inclusions. The mechanism of pathogenesis is haploinsufficiency. Recently, homozygous GRN mutations were detected in two patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a lysosomal storage disease. It is unknown whether the pathogenesis of these two conditions is related. Progranulin is cleaved into smaller peptides called granulins. Progranulin and granulins are attributed with roles in cancer, inflammation, and neuronal physiology. Cell surface receptors for progranulin, but not granulin peptides, have been reported. Revealing the cell surface receptors and the intracellular functions of granulins and progranulin is crucial for understanding their contributions to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basar Cenik
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Sun Y, Lim Y, Li F, Liu S, Lu JJ, Haberberger R, Zhong JH, Zhou XF. ProBDNF collapses neurite outgrowth of primary neurons by activating RhoA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35883. [PMID: 22558255 PMCID: PMC3338794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons extend their dendrites and axons to build functional neural circuits, which are regulated by both positive and negative signals during development. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a positive regulator for neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival but the functions of its precursor (proBDNF) are less characterized. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that proBDNF collapses neurite outgrowth in murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and cortical neurons by activating RhoA via the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). We demonstrated that the receptor proteins for proBDNF, p75NTR and sortilin, were highly expressed in cultured DRG or cortical neurons. ProBDNF caused a dramatic neurite collapse in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was about 500 fold more potent than myelin-associated glycoprotein. Neutralization of endogenous proBDNF by using antibodies enhanced neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo, but this effect was lost in p75NTR(-/-) mice. The neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons from p75NTR deficient (p75NTR(-/-)) mice was insensitive to proBDNF. There was a time-dependent reduction of length and number of filopodia in response to proBDNF which was accompanied with a polarized RhoA activation in growth cones. Moreover, proBDNF treatment of cortical neurons resulted in a time-dependent activation of RhoA but not Cdc42 and the effect was absent in p75NTR(-/-) neurons. Rho kinase (ROCK) and the collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) were also involved in the proBDNF action. CONCLUSIONS proBDNF has an opposing role in neurite outgrowth to that of mature BDNF. Our observations suggest that proBDNF collapses neurites outgrowth and filopodial growth cones by activating RhoA through the p75NTR signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Fibers/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers/physiology
- Neurites/drug effects
- Neurites/physiology
- Protein Precursors/pharmacology
- Protein Precursors/physiology
- Pseudopodia/drug effects
- Pseudopodia/physiology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/agonists
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yoon Lim
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jian-Jun Lu
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jin-Hua Zhong
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Yan J, Zhou X, Guo JJ, Mao L, Wang YJ, Sun J, Sun LX, Zhang LY, Zhou XF, Liao H. Nogo-66 inhibits adhesion and migration of microglia via GTPase Rho pathway in vitro. J Neurochem 2012; 120:721-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chew DJ, Fawcett JW, Andrews MR. The challenges of long-distance axon regeneration in the injured CNS. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012. [PMID: 23186719 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59544-7.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) that results in long-tract axonal damage typically leads to permanent functional deficits in areas innervated at, and below, the level of the lesion. The initial ischemia, inflammation, and neurodegeneration are followed by a progressive generation of scar tissue, dieback of transected axons, and demyelination, creating an area inhibitory to regrowth and recovery. Two ways to combat this inhibition is to therapeutically target the extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the axon-scar environment. Scar tissue within and surrounding the lesion site can be broken down using an enzyme known as chondroitinase. Negative regulators of adult neuronal growth, such as Nogo, can be neutralized with antibodies. Both therapies greatly improve functional recovery in animal models. Alternatively, modifying the intrinsic growth properties of CNS neurons through gene therapy or pharmacotherapy has also shown promising axonal regeneration after injury. Despite these promising therapies, the main challenge of long-distance axon regeneration still remains; achieving a level of functional and organized connectivity below the level of the lesion that mimics the intact CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Chew
- Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
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Xu ZQ, Sun Y, Li HY, Lim Y, Zhong JH, Zhou XF. Endogenous proBDNF is a negative regulator of migration of cerebellar granule cells in neonatal mice. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 33:1376-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Salegio EAA, Pollard AN, Smith M, Zhou XF. Macrophage presence is essential for the regeneration of ascending afferent fibres following a conditioning sciatic nerve lesion in adult rats. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:11. [PMID: 21251261 PMCID: PMC3039622 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury to the peripheral branch of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons prior to injury to the central nervous system (CNS) DRG branch results in the regeneration of the central branch. The exact mechanism mediating this regenerative trigger is not fully understood. It has been proposed that following peripheral injury, the intraganglionic inflammatory response by macrophage cells plays an important role in the pre-conditioning of injured CNS neurons to regenerate. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of macrophage cells is crucial for this type of regeneration to occur. We used a clodronate liposome technique to selectively and temporarily deplete these cells during the conditioning phase of DRG neurons. RESULTS Retrograde and anterograde tracing results indicated that in macrophage-depleted animals, the regenerative trigger characteristic of pre-conditioned DRG neurons was abolished as compared to injury matched-control animals. In addition, depletion of macrophage cells led to: (i) a reduction in macrophage infiltration into the CNS compartment even after cellular repopulation, (ii) astrocyte up-regulation at rostral regions and down-regulation in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration in the serum. CONCLUSION Activation of macrophage cells in response to the peripheral nerve injury is essential for the enhanced regeneration of ascending sensory neurons.
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Bovolenta R, Zucchini S, Paradiso B, Rodi D, Merigo F, Navarro Mora G, Osculati F, Berto E, Marconi P, Marzola A, Fabene PF, Simonato M. Hippocampal FGF-2 and BDNF overexpression attenuates epileptogenesis-associated neuroinflammation and reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:81. [PMID: 21087489 PMCID: PMC2993685 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Under certain experimental conditions, neurotrophic factors may reduce epileptogenesis. We have previously reported that local, intrahippocampal supplementation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases neurogenesis, reduces neuronal loss, and reduces the occurrence of spontaneous seizures in a model of damage-associated epilepsy. Here, we asked if these possibly anti-epileptogenic effects might involve anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, we used a Herpes-based vector to supplement FGF-2 and BDNF in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus that established an epileptogenic lesion. This model causes intense neuroinflammation, especially in the phase that precedes the occurrence of spontaneous seizures. The supplementation of FGF-2 and BDNF attenuated various parameters of inflammation, including astrocytosis, microcytosis and IL-1β expression. The effect appeared to be most prominent on IL-1β, whose expression was almost completely prevented. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) for these effects, and for that on IL-1β in particular. Nonetheless, the concept that neurotrophic factors affect neuroinflammation in vivo may be highly relevant for the understanding of the epileptogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bovolenta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Wang YJ, Gao CY, Yang M, Liu XH, Sun Y, Pollard A, Dong XY, Wu XB, Zhong JH, Zhou HD, Zhou XF. Intramuscular delivery of a single chain antibody gene prevents brain Aβ deposition and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:1281-93. [PMID: 20595065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-beta-amyloid (Aβ) immunotherapy is effective in removing brain Aβ, but has shown to be associated with detrimental effects. We have demonstrated that Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of an anti-Aβ single chain antibody (scFv) gene was effective in clearing brain Aβ without eliciting any inflammatory side effects in old APP(Swe)/PS1dE9 transgenic mice. In the present study, we tested the efficacy and safety of intramuscular delivery of the scFv gene in preventing brain Aβ deposition. The scFv gene was intramuscularly delivered to APP(Swe)/PS1dE9 transgenic mice at 3 months of age, prior to Aβ deposition in the brain. Six months later, we found that the transgenes were expressed in a stable form at the delivered sites, with a small amount of ectopic expression in the liver and olfactory bulb. Brain Aβ plaque formation, Aβ accumulation, AD-type pathologies and cognitive impairment were significantly attenuated in scFv-treated APP(Swe)/PS1dE9 transgenic mice relative to EGFP-treated mice. Intramuscular delivery of scFv gene was well tolerated by the animals, did not cause inflammation or microhemorrhage at the gene expression site and in the brain, and did not induce neutralizing antibodies in the animals. These findings suggest that peripheral application of scFv is effective and safe in preventing the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and would be a promising non-inflammatory immunological modality for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Human Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
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