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Campo Garcia J, Bueno RJ, Salla M, Martorell-Serra I, Seeger B, Akbari N, Sperber P, Stachelscheid H, Infante-Duarte C, Paul F, Starossom SC. Establishment of a high-content compatible platform to assess effects of monocyte-derived factors on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12167. [PMID: 38806485 PMCID: PMC11133477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
During neuroinflammation, monocytes that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) may contribute to regenerative processes depending on their activation status. However, the extent and mechanisms of monocyte-induced CNS repair in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases remain largely unknown, partly due to the lack of a fully human assay platform that can recapitulate monocyte-neural stem cell interactions within the CNS microenvironment. We therefore developed a human model system to assess the impact of monocytic factors on neural stem cells, establishing a high-content compatible assay for screening monocyte-induced neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The model combined monocytes isolated from healthy donors and human embryonic stem cell derived neural stem cells and integrated both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic properties. We identified CNS-mimicking culture media options that induced a monocytic phenotype resembling CNS infiltrating monocytes, while allowing adequate monocyte survival. Monocyte-induced proliferation, gliogenic fate and neurogenic fate of neural stem cells were affected by the conditions of monocytic priming and basal neural stem cell culture as extrinsic factors as well as the neural stem cell passage number as an intrinsic neural stem cell property. We developed a high-content compatible human in vitro assay for the integrated analysis of monocyte-derived factors on CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Campo Garcia
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Roemel Jeusep Bueno
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Salla
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivette Martorell-Serra
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bibiane Seeger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nilufar Akbari
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Sperber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah C Starossom
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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2
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Liampas A, Tseriotis VS, Artemiadis A, Zis P, Argyropoulou C, Grigoriadis N, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Vavougyios G. Adult Neoneurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies. Brain Connect 2024; 14:209-225. [PMID: 38534961 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The subventricular zone promotes remyelination through activation differentiation of oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) into mature oligodendrocytes and thus in the adult brain. In multiple sclerosis (MS) this regenerative capability is halted resulting in neurodegeneration. We aimed to systematically search and synthesize evidence on mechanisms and phenomena associated with subventricular zone (SVZ) dysfunction in MS. Materials and Methods: Our systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR statement. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched using the terms "subventricular zone" and "multiple sclerosis," including English-written in vivo and postmortem studies. Results: Twenty studies were included. Thirteen studies on models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) reported among others strong stathmin immunoreactivity in the SVZ of EAE models, the role of MOG immunization in neurogenesis impairment, the effect of parenchymal OPCs and NSCs in myelin repair, and the importance of ependymal cells (E1/E2) and ciliated B1 cells in SVZ stem cell signaling. CXCR4 signaling and transcriptional profiles of SVZ microglia, Gli1 pathway, and galactin-3 were also explored. Studies in humans demonstrated microstructural SVZ damage in progressive MS and the persistence of black holes near the SVZ, whereas postmortem confirmed the generation of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule and NG2-positive progenitors through SVZ activation, SVZ stathmin immunoreactivity, Shh pathway, and Gal-3 upregulation. Discussion: Oligodendrogenesis defects translate to reduced remyelination, a hallmark of MS that determines its end-phenotype and disease course. Conclusion: The role of inflammation and subsequent SVZ microenvironment disruption is evident in MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Liampas
- Department of Neurology, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Vavougyios
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- University of Thessaly School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Imitola J, Hollingsworth EW, Watanabe F, Olah M, Elyaman W, Starossom S, Kivisäkk P, Khoury SJ. Stat1 is an inducible transcriptional repressor of neural stem cells self-renewal program during neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1156802. [PMID: 37663126 PMCID: PMC10469489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1156802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A central issue in regenerative medicine is understanding the mechanisms that regulate the self-renewal of endogenous stem cells in response to injury and disease. Interferons increase hematopoietic stem cells during infection by activating STAT1, but the mechanisms by which STAT1 regulates intrinsic programs in neural stem cells (NSCs) during neuroinflammation is less known. Here we explored the role of STAT1 on NSC self-renewal. We show that overexpressing Stat1 in NSCs derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ) decreases NSC self-renewal capacity while Stat1 deletion increases NSC self-renewal, neurogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis in isolated NSCs. Importantly, we find upregulation of STAT1 in NSCs in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and an increase in pathological T cells expressing IFN-γ rather than interleukin 17 (IL-17) in the cerebrospinal fluid of affected mice. We find IFN-γ is superior to IL-17 in reducing proliferation and precipitating an abnormal NSC phenotype featuring increased STAT1 phosphorylation and Stat1 and p16ink4a gene expression. Notably, Stat1-/- NSCs were resistant to the effect of IFN-γ. Lastly, we identified a Stat1-dependent gene expression profile associated with an increase in the Sox9 transcription factor, a regulator of self-renewal. Stat1 binds and transcriptionally represses Sox9 in a transcriptional luciferase assay. We conclude that Stat1 serves as an inducible checkpoint for NSC self-renewal that is upregulated during chronic brain inflammation leading to decreased self-renewal. As such, Stat1 may be a potential target to modulate for next generation therapies to prevent progression and loss of repair function in NSCs/neural progenitors in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Imitola
- Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ethan W. Hollingsworth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Fumihiro Watanabe
- Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Marta Olah
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Alzheimer’s Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samia J. Khoury
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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4
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Schartz ND, Tenner AJ. The good, the bad, and the opportunities of the complement system in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:354. [PMID: 33239010 PMCID: PMC7690210 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade is a critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system that contributes to the rapid clearance of pathogens and dead or dying cells, as well as contributing to the extent and limit of the inflammatory immune response. In addition, some of the early components of this cascade have been clearly shown to play a beneficial role in synapse elimination during the development of the nervous system, although excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the adult or injured brain may be detrimental in multiple neurogenerative disorders. While many of these later studies have been in mouse models, observations consistent with this notion have been reported in human postmortem examination of brain tissue. Increasing awareness of distinct roles of C1q, the initial recognition component of the classical complement pathway, that are independent of the rest of the complement cascade, as well as the relationship with other signaling pathways of inflammation (in the periphery as well as the central nervous system), highlights the need for a thorough understanding of these molecular entities and pathways to facilitate successful therapeutic design, including target identification, disease stage for treatment, and delivery in specific neurologic disorders. Here, we review the evidence for both beneficial and detrimental effects of complement components and activation products in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence for requisite co-factors for the diverse consequences are reviewed, as well as the recent studies that support the possibility of successful pharmacological approaches to suppress excessive and detrimental complement-mediated chronic inflammation, while preserving beneficial effects of complement components, to slow the progression of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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5
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Romano R, Bucci C. Role of EGFR in the Nervous System. Cells 2020; 9:E1887. [PMID: 32806510 PMCID: PMC7464966 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the first discovered member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily and plays a fundamental role during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, being involved in growth, differentiation, maintenance and repair of various tissues and organs. The role of EGFR in the regulation of tissue development and homeostasis has been thoroughly investigated and it has also been demonstrated that EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. In the nervous system, other growth factors, and thus other receptors, are important for growth, differentiation and repair of the tissue, namely neurotrophins and neurotrophins receptors. For this reason, for a long time, the role of EGFR in the nervous system has been underestimated and poorly investigated. However, EGFR is expressed both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and it has been demonstrated to have specific important neurotrophic functions, in particular in the central nervous system. This review discusses the role of EGFR in regulating differentiation and functions of neurons and neuroglia. Furthermore, its involvement in regeneration after injury and in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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6
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Convergence of human cellular models and genetics to study neural stem cell signaling to enhance central nervous system regeneration and repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:84-92. [PMID: 31310810 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human central nervous system (CNS) regeneration is considered the holy grail of neuroscience research, and is one of the most pressing and difficult questions in biology and science. Despite more than 20 years of work in the field of neural stem cells (NSCs), the area remains in its infancy as our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that can be leveraged to improve CNS regeneration in neurological diseases is still growing. Here, we focus on the recent lessons from lower organism CNS regeneration genetics and how such findings are starting to illuminate our understanding of NSC signaling pathways in humans. These findings will allow us to improve upon our knowledge of endogenous NSC function, the utility of exogenous NSCs, and the limitations of NSCs as therapeutic vehicles for providing relief from devastating human neurological diseases. We also discuss the limitations of activating NSC signaling for CNS repair in humans, especially the potential for tumor formation. Finally, we will review the recent advances in new culture techniques, including patient-derived cells and cerebral organoids to model the genetic regulation of signaling pathways controlling the function of NSCs during injury and disease states.
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7
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Covacu R, Brundin L. Endogenous spinal cord stem cells in multiple sclerosis and its animal model. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 331:4-10. [PMID: 27884460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian spinal cord (SC) harbors neural stem cells (NSCs). The SC-NSCs are mostly quiescent during physiological conditions but are quickly activated in traumatic injury models. The SC-NSCs generate mostly glia, but are able to differentiate into neurons when affected by favourable conditions. An example is the inflammatory milieu in the SC of rat EAE, where the SC-NSCs migrate into demyelinated lesions and give rise to both glia and neurons. In MS, cells with progenitor phenotypes accumulate in inflammatory lesions both in brain and SC, but the extent to which these cells contribute to repair remains to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Covacu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology R3:04, Center of Molecular Medicine, L8:04, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lou Brundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology R3:04, Center of Molecular Medicine, L8:04, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Starossom SC, Campo Garcia J, Woelfle T, Romero-Suarez S, Olah M, Watanabe F, Cao L, Yeste A, Tukker JJ, Quintana FJ, Imitola J, Witzel F, Schmitz D, Morkel M, Paul F, Infante-Duarte C, Khoury SJ. Chi3l3 induces oligodendrogenesis in an experimental model of autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:217. [PMID: 30644388 PMCID: PMC6333780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neural stem cells (NSCs) can replace damaged oligodendrocytes if the local microenvironment supports the required differentiation process. Although chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) form part of this microenvironment, their function in this differentiation process is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that murine Chitinase 3-like-3 (Chi3l3/Ym1), human Chi3L1 and Chit1 induce oligodendrogenesis. In mice, Chi3l3 is highly expressed in the subventricular zone, a stem cell niche of the adult brain, and in inflammatory brain lesions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We find that silencing Chi3l3 increases severity of EAE. We present evidence that in NSCs Chi3l3 activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thereby inducing Pyk2-and Erk1/2- dependent expression of a pro-oligodendrogenic transcription factor signature. Our results implicate CLP-EGFR-Pyk2-MEK-ERK as a key intrinsic pathway controlling oligodendrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Starossom
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Juliana Campo Garcia
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Woelfle
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvina Romero-Suarez
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Olah
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fumihiro Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ada Yeste
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John J Tukker
- Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Franziska Witzel
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute of Pathology, Computational Modeling in Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute of Pathology, Computational Modeling in Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samia J Khoury
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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E Hirbec H, Noristani HN, Perrin FE. Microglia Responses in Acute and Chronic Neurological Diseases: What Microglia-Specific Transcriptomic Studies Taught (and did Not Teach) Us. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:227. [PMID: 28785215 PMCID: PMC5519576 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, microglia have been acknowledged to be key players in central nervous system (CNS) under both physiological and pathological conditions. They constantly survey the CNS environment and as immune cells, in pathological contexts, they provide the first host defense and orchestrate the immune response. It is well recognized that under pathological conditions microglia have both sequential and simultaneous, beneficial and detrimental effects. Cell-specific transcriptomics recently became popular in Neuroscience field allowing concurrent monitoring of the expression of numerous genes in a given cell population. Moreover, by comparing two or more conditions, these approaches permit to unbiasedly identify deregulated genes and pathways. A growing number of studies have thus investigated microglial transcriptome remodeling over the course of neuropathological conditions and highlighted the molecular diversity of microglial response to different diseases. In the present work, we restrict our review to microglia obtained directly from in vivo samples and not cell culture, and to studies using whole-genome strategies. We first critically review the different methods developed to decipher microglia transcriptome. In particular, we compare advantages and drawbacks of flow cytometry and laser microdissection to isolate pure microglia population as well as identification of deregulated microglial genes obtained via RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) vs. microarrays approaches. Second, we summarize insights obtained from microglia transcriptomes in traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, pain and more chronic neurological conditions including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer disease (AD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Transcriptomic responses of microglia in other non-neurodegenerative CNS disorders such as gliomas and sepsis are also addressed. Third, we present a comparison of the most activated pathways in each neuropathological condition using Gene ontology (GO) classification and highlight the diversity of microglia response to insults focusing on their pro- and anti-inflammatory signatures. Finally, we discuss the potential of the latest technological advances, in particular, single cell RNA-Seq to unravel the individual microglial response diversity in neuropathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène E Hirbec
- Institute for Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, University of MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics (LabEx ICST)Montpellier, France
| | - Harun N Noristani
- University of Montpellier, INSERM U1198Montpellier, France.,École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)Paris, France
| | - Florence E Perrin
- University of Montpellier, INSERM U1198Montpellier, France.,École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)Paris, France
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10
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Ciric B, Ma CG, Gran B, Curtis M, Rostami A, Zhang GX. RETRACTED: Neural Stem Cells Engineered to Express Three Therapeutic Factors Mediate Recovery from Chronic Stage CNS Autoimmunity. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1456-1469. [PMID: 27203442 PMCID: PMC5023377 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were found between images in this article and a previously published article in Scientific Reports (Zhang et al., 2015, Sci. Rep. 30, 17407, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17407). Similarities were also found between images within this article. These concerns were initially reported in a PubPeer thread (https://pubpeer.com/publications/11D757FEEACDC81ACAF60BD0A32607). Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image reuse in Figures 2C and 5C of the Molecular Therapy article. In addition, some of the original data provided by the authors do not match the published article. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The authors disagree with this retraction and maintain that these mistakes do not alter the conclusions of the study.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Engineering
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Microglia/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Myelin Basic Protein/biosynthesis
- Myelin Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Oligodendroglia/cytology
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Northwest China National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Datong University Medical School, Datong, China
| | - Bruno Gran
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Neuropathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Olah M, Amor S, Brouwer N, Vinet J, Eggen B, Biber K, Boddeke HWGM. Identification of a microglia phenotype supportive of remyelination. Glia 2011; 60:306-21. [PMID: 22072381 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis, endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) attempt to remyelinate areas of myelin damage. During disease progression, however, these attempts fail. It has been suggested that modulating the inflammatory environment of the lesion might provide a promising therapeutic approach to promote endogenous remyelination. Microglia are known to play a central role in neuroinflammatory processes. To investigate the microglia phenotype that supports remyelination, we performed genome-wide gene expression analysis of microglia from the corpus callosum during demyelination and remyelination in the mouse cuprizone model, in which remyelination spontaneously occurs after an episode of toxin-induced primary demyelination. We provide evidence for the existence of a microglia phenotype that supports remyelination already at the onset of demyelination and persists throughout the remyelination process. Our data show that microglia are involved in the phagocytosis of myelin debris and apoptotic cells during demyelination. Furthermore, they express a cytokine and chemokine repertoire enabling them to activate and recruit endogenous OPCs to the lesion site and deliver trophic support during remyelination. This study not only provides a detailed transcriptomic analysis of the remyelination-supportive microglia phenotype but also reinforces the notion that the primary function of microglia is the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the support of regeneration already at the earliest stages in the development of demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olah
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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A conceptual revolution in the relationships between the brain and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:817-9. [PMID: 21187141 PMCID: PMC3074045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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