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Morse RM, Koutsoubelis F, Whitfield T, Demnitz-King H, Ourry V, Stott J, Chocat A, Devouge EF, Walker Z, Klimecki O, Collette F, Chetelat G, Gonneaud J, Poisnel G, Marchant NL. Worry and ruminative brooding: associations with cognitive and physical health in older adults. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1332398. [PMID: 39021658 PMCID: PMC11252046 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health conditions are associated with cognition and physical function in older adults. We examined whether worry and ruminative brooding, key symptoms of certain mental health conditions, are related to subjective and/or objective measures of cognitive and physical (cardiovascular) health. Methods We used baseline data from 282 participants from the SCD-Well and Age-Well trials (178 female; agemean = 71.1 years). We measured worry and ruminative brooding using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Ruminative Response Scale-brooding subscale. We assessed subjective physical health using the WHOQOL-Bref physical subscale, and objective physical health via blood pressure and modified versions of the Framingham Risk Score and Charlson Comorbidity Index. With subjective and objective cognition, we utilized the Cognitive Difficulties Scale and a global composite (modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite, PACC5, with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, category fluency, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2, and either the California Verbal Learning Test or the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). We conducted linear regressions, adjusted for education, age, sex and cohort. Results Worry and ruminative brooding were negatively associated with subjective physical health (worry: β = -0.245, 95%CI -0.357 to -0.133, p < 0.001; ruminative brooding: β = -0.224, 95%CI -0.334 to -0.113, p < 0.001) and subjective cognitive difficulties (worry: β = 0.196, 95%CI 0.091 to 0.302, p < 0.001; ruminative brooding: β = 0.239, 95%CI 0.133 to 0.346, p < 0.001). We did not observe associations between worry or ruminative brooding and any measure of objective health. Discussion Worry and ruminative brooding may be common mechanisms associated with subjective but not objective health. Alternatively, cognitively unimpaired older adults may become aware of subtle changes not captured by objective measures used in this study. Interventions reducing worry and ruminative brooding may promote subjective physical and cognitive health; however, more research is needed to determine causality of the relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Morse
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Koutsoubelis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Whitfield
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Demnitz-King
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentin Ourry
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, NeuroPresage Team, Cyceron, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Josh Stott
- Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Chocat
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, NeuroPresage Team, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Eglantine Ferrand Devouge
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, NeuroPresage Team, Cyceron, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Department of General Practice, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
| | - Zuzana Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Klimecki
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gael Chetelat
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, NeuroPresage Team, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, NeuroPresage Team, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Geraldine Poisnel
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, NeuroPresage Team, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Natalie L. Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Diehl M, Wahl HW. Self-perceptions of aging: A conceptual and empirical overview. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101741. [PMID: 38065005 PMCID: PMC10842166 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This article defines self-perceptions of aging (SPA) as individuals' perceptions, expectations, and experiences regarding their own process of growing old(er). As such, SPA are considered a critically important element of the aging self. Furthermore, the authors present a heuristic model that positions adults' SPA within a lifespan developmental and cultural-societal context and elaborates distal and proximal antecedents, process modes, and developmental outcomes. The remainder of the article summarizes recent empirical findings and discusses future challenges and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Diehl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA.
| | - Hans-Werner Wahl
- Network Aging Research & Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yang H, Gong R, Liu M, Deng Y, Zheng X, Hu T. HOMA-IR is positively correlated with biological age and advanced aging in the US adult population. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:470. [PMID: 37898776 PMCID: PMC10612177 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) had been reported to be associated with age; however, few studies have explored the association between IR and biological age (BA). The HOMA-IR value is a useful indicator of the extent of IR. This cross-sectional study is to explore the relationship between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging in the US population. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The survey comprised 12,266 people from the NHANES, and their full HOMA-IR data as well as BA data were extracted. Four multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and BA, and four multiple logistic regression models were performed to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and advanced aging. In addition, trend tests and stratified analysis were performed and smoothed fitted curves were plotted to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS HOMA-IR was positively correlated with BA [β: 0.51 (0.39, 0.63)], and it was the same to advanced aging [OR: 1.05 (1.02, 1.07)], and both showed a monotonically increasing trend. The trend tests showed that the results were stable (all P for trend < 0.0001). The smoothed fitted curves showed that there were non-linear relationships between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging. And the stratified analysis indicated that the relationship between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging remained robust in all subgroups. CONCLUSION The study suggested that HOMA-IR is positively correlated with BA and advanced aging in the US adult population, with a monotonic upward trend. This is a new finding to reveal the relationship between HOMA-IR and age from new standpoint of BA rather than chronological age (CA). And it may contribute to a better understanding of human health aging and may aid future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Yang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Rongpeng Gong
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Moli Liu
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tianyang Hu
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Sabatini S, Turner S, Brooker H, Ballard C, Corbett A, Hampshire A. Physical and mental health conditions account for variability in awareness of age-related changes. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1152177. [PMID: 37539325 PMCID: PMC10394239 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1152177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of Awareness of Age-Related Changes captures people's perceptions of the positive (AARC-gains) and negative (AARC-losses) age-related changes they experience in several life domains, including their health. We investigated the cross-sectional associations of number and type of physical and mental health conditions with AARC-gains and AARC-losses. Methods The sample comprised 3,786 middle-aged and older adults (mean age = 67.04 years; SD = 6.88) participating to the UK PROTECT study. We used hierarchical regression models to analyze whether after having included sociodemographic variables (model 1), number of physical (model 2) and of mental (model 3) health conditions explained a significant additional amount of variance in AARC-gains and AARC-losses, and whether the association between number of conditions and AARC depended on participants' age. We used multiple regression models to analyze the associations of types of physical and mental health conditions with AARC-gains and AARC-losses. Results A higher number of physical health conditions was associated with higher AARC-gains and higher AARC-losses, but the association did not depend on participant age. After controlling for the number of physical health conditions, a higher number of mental health conditions was associated with higher AARC-losses but not with AARC-gains, and the association was stronger among older participants. Small effects were found between greater AARC-gains and current cancer and between greater AARC-losses and diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, arthritic condition, cancer in full remission, osteoporosis, depression, anxiety disorders, and personality disorder. The remaining health conditions were either negligibly or non-statistically related to AARC-losses. Conclusion Middle-aged and older adults having more physical health conditions and more mental health conditions may be at higher risk of negative views on their own aging. However, specific physical health conditions, such as arthritis, and certain mental health conditions, such as depression, may make adults particularly vulnerable to negative age-related perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Sabatini
- School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shelbie Turner
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Helen Brooker
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Ecog Pro Ltd, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Ballard
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Corbett
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Terracciano A. The prospective relationship between subjective aging and inflammation: Evidence from the health and retirement study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14177. [PMID: 36124383 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the prospective associations and potential mediators between subjective aging, indexed by subjective age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA), and a range of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive proteins (CRP) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines among older adults. Participants (N = 6099, 59% women, age range = 50 to 94, Mean Age = 65.32, SD = 8.85) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Subjective age, SPA, and demographic factors were assessed in 2008/2010. Assessments of soluble transformation growth factor-beta 1 (sTGF-β1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR1), and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were measured in 2016. Potential mediators (body mass index, disease burden, physical inactivity, and depressive symptoms) were asssessed at baseline and in 2012/2014. Linear regression analyses indicated that an older subjective age and negative SPA were related to higher level of IL-10, IL-1Ra, IL-6, sTNFR1 and hsCRP. These associations were mediated by higher disease burden and physical inactivity. Negative SPA (but not subjective age) was associated with lower sTGF-β1. The link between subjective aging and inflammatory markers was relatively independent from chronological age. The present study provides new evidence that subjective aging is prospectively associated with inflammation, including systemic inflammation and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Bian J, Guo S, Huang T, Li X, Zhao S, Chu Z, Li Z. CRP as a potential predictor of outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:17. [PMID: 36776580 PMCID: PMC9892964 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. C-reactive protein (CRP) as a potential biomarker for functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the level of CRP and functional outcome of stroke. A total of 218 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 h after onset were recruited for the study. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of >2 at 3 months after stroke. The retrospective analysis was performed to investigate whether CRP within 24 h after stroke is associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the CRP level (odds ratio=1.146, 95%CI: 1.012-1.297, P=0.031) was an independent risk factor for poor outcome. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value of CRP to distinguish favorable from poor outcome was 6.34 (area under the curve=0.829, 95%CI: 0.772-0.887, P<0.001), with 68.2% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the CRP level was positively related to the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (r=0.551, P<0.001), fasting glucose (r=0.301, P<0.001) and age (r=0.252, P<0.001). In conclusion, a high level of CRP within 24 h after onset was associated with a poor functional outcome after the acute ischemic event. The elevation of CRP may be correlated with the baseline NIHSS score, fasting glucose and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bian
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Siping Guo
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Dushuhu Public Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Shoucai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohu Chu
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zibao Li
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Zibao Li, Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Takatori K, Matsumoto D, Yamasaki N, Miyazaki M, Moon JS. [Relationship between the subjective age, higher-life function, and new certification as needing long-term care in community-dwelling older adults: The KAGUYA project longitudinal survey of older adults]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2023; 60:373-381. [PMID: 38171754 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.60.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the relationship between the subjective age, higher-life function, and new certification for the need for long-term care among older adults in the community. METHODS A mail survey was conducted in 2016 among community-dwelling older adults, and the 2,323 participants who were available for follow-up in 2019 were included in the analysis. Subjective age was evaluated using the following three items in response to the question "Please answer how old you feel you are": "Same as actual age," "Feel younger," and "Feel older." Other assessments included an evaluation of the higher-life function, Geriatric Depression Scale scores, general self-efficacy, and exercise adherence. In addition, at follow-up, we investigated whether or not participants required new certification for the need for long-term care. RESULTS At baseline, participants who felt "older than their actual age" had a significantly lower life function and general self-efficacy and were less likely to exercise at least once a week than the other groups. Furthermore, those who felt "older than their actual age" was more likely than the other groups to be newly certified as needing long-term care, while those who felt "younger than their actual age" were less likely to receive new certification. A logistic regression analysis revealed that "feeling older" was a risk factor for being certified as needing long-term care, even after adjusting for other factors (odds ratio= 3.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-10.94, p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS Among community-dwelling older adults, those with a subjective age exceeding their chronological age were expected to show a decreased life function in the future and an increased risk of needing long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Takatori
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University
| | - Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University
| | - Naomi Yamasaki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Shitennoji University
| | | | - Jong-Seong Moon
- Department of Nurse, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University
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Yoon JE, Oh D, Hwang I, Park JA, Im HJ, Thomas RJ, Kim D, Yang KI, Chu MK, Yun CH. Association between older subjective age and poor sleep quality: a population-based study. Behav Sleep Med 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36377789 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2144860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of subjective age (SA) with sleep quality in an adult population. METHODS In the Korean Sleep and Headache Study, 2,349 participants (49.2% men; 48.1 ± 16.4 years old) were interviewed face-to-face using structured questionnaires between September and December 2018. SA was assessed by asking participants their perceived age in years and then compared with their chronological age (CA). Participants were assigned to three groups: feeling younger, feeling their age, and feeling older. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Association between SA and sleep quality was analyzed with multiple linear regression controlling for demographics, psychosocial, and sleep characteristics. RESULTS The group feeling older (n = 404, 17.2%; men, 58.2%; age, 46.5 ± 16.2 years) had worse sleep quality than the groups feeling younger and feeling their age (PSQI score, 4.3 ± 2.7, 3.8 ± 2.4, 3.4 ± 2.1, respectively, p <.001; prevalence of poor sleep quality, 29.0%, 18.4%, 13.5% respectively, p <.001). The association between SA and the PSQI score remained significant after adjusting for confounders (β = 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.26, 1.83; p <.001). Stratified analyses by sex and CA showed that the association between SA and the PSQI score was significant only in women and in middle-aged and older group (aged 50-79), suggesting that sex and CA modified the association. CONCLUSION Age perception was associated with self-reported sleep quality, independent of CA. SA may be a useful marker that complements the conventional assessment of subjective sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Eun Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dana Oh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Seobuk Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Park
- Department of Neurology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Im
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ik Yang
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Skoblow HF, Proulx CM. C-Reactive Protein, Subjective Aging, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Mediation Model. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1654-1658. [PMID: 35279030 PMCID: PMC9434473 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and an older subjective age are associated with a greater likelihood of cardiovascular disease. We predicted that C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of stress-related inflammation, would mediate this relation. METHOD Data from up to 6 602 participants ages 50-101 in the Health and Retirement Study (2008-2018) were analyzed using logistic regressions with mediation. Subjective aging was assessed in 2008 or 2010, CRP was assessed 2 years later, and diagnosis of heart disease or stroke was assessed in the years from CRP measurement to 2018. RESULTS Significant indirect effects occurred in all models, indicating that negative SPA and older subjective age are associated with a greater likelihood of heart disease and stroke through elevated levels of the inflammatory marker CRP. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that psychological factors such as subjective aging impact cardiovascular health through physiological mechanisms, specifically markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanamori F Skoblow
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christine M Proulx
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Fundenberger H, Stephan Y, Terracciano A, Dupré C, Bongue B, Hupin D, Barth N, Canada B. Subjective Age and Falls in Older Age: Evidence from two Longitudinal Cohorts. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1814-1819. [PMID: 35861191 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Falls are a common and serious health problem. The present study examined the association between subjective age (i.e., feeling younger or older than one's chronological age) and falls in two large national samples. METHOD Participants, aged 65 to 105 years old, were drawn from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Data on falls, subjective age, demographic factors, was available from 2,382 participants in HRS and 3,449 in NHATS. Falls were tracked for up to 8 (HRS) and 7 (NHATS) years. RESULTS Cox regression analyses that included demographic covariates indicated that older subjective age increased the risk of falling in HRS (hazard ratio [HR]=1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.08-1.27), and in NHATS (HR=1.06, 95%CI=1.00-1.13). When compared to people who felt younger, people who reported an older subjective age had a higher risk of fall (HRS: HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.33-2.04; NHATS: HR=1.44, 95% CI=1.15-1.79). The associations remained significant after accounting for depressive symptoms, handgrip strength, chronic diseases, and cognitive impairment in HRS only. DISCUSSION These results confirm the role of subjective age as an important health marker in the aging population. Subjective age assessment can help identify individuals at greater risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Caroline Dupré
- SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | | | - David Hupin
- SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE.,Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | - Nathalie Barth
- SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
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Yu H, Wen Q, Lv J, Sun D, Ma Y, Man S, Yin J, Tong M, Wang B, Yu C, Li L. Association between Dietary Patterns Reflecting C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132566. [PMID: 35807747 PMCID: PMC9268474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the dietary patterns reflecting C-reactive protein (CRP) affect metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Chinese population. To examine the effect of the dietary pattern reflecting CRP with MetS, a cross-sectional study was based on the health checkup data from the Beijing MJ Health Screening Centers between 2008 and 2018. The CRP-related dietary pattern was derived from 17 food groups using reduced-rank regression. Participants were divided into five groups according to the quintiles of dietary pattern score. Multivariate logistic regression was then applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the quintiles of diet pattern score related to MetS and its four components. Of the 90,130 participants included in this study, 11,209 had MetS. A CRP-related dietary pattern was derived, characterized by a higher consumption of staple food, fresh meat, processed products, and sugar-sweetened beverages but a lower intake of honey and jam, fruits, and dairy products. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile (Q1), participants in the higher quintiles were associated with increased risks of MetS in a dose−response manner after adjustment for potential confounders (p for linear trend < 0.001), the ORs for Q2 to Q5 were 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02−1.19), 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05−1.22), 1.23 (95% CI: 1.15−1.33), and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.38−1.61), respectively. Moreover, the effects were stronger among individuals aged 50 years or older. A CRP-related dietary pattern was associated with the risk of MetS. It provides new insights that dietary intervention to achieve a lower inflammatory level could potentially prevent MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Qiaorui Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuan Ma
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
| | - Sailimai Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
| | | | - Mingkun Tong
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
| | - Bo Wang
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Subjective Aging and Objectively Assessed Hearing Function: A Prospective Study of Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1637-1644. [PMID: 35092438 PMCID: PMC9757156 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subjective aging is consistently related to a range of health-related outcomes, but little is known about its relationship with sensory functioning. The present prospective study tested whether subjective age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are associated with objective hearing function. METHODS Participants were 7,085 individuals aged 50-93 years (60% women, mean = 65.15, standard deviation [SD] = 8.71) from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, SPA, and information on demographic factors were obtained in 2008/2010. Objective hearing function was assessed 8 years later in 2016/2018. Furthermore, potential mediating variables (C-reactive protein, body mass index, physical inactivity, and chronic conditions) were assessed in 2012/2014. RESULTS In regression analyses that accounted for demographic factors, older subjective age and negative SPA were associated with lower hearing acuity 8 years later. In addition, 1 SD older subjective age and negative SPA were related to a 9% and 7% higher likelihood of hearing impairment. Mediation analyses revealed that physical inactivity and chronic conditions partially mediated subjective age and SPA associations with hearing acuity. There was little evidence that the link between subjective aging and hearing was moderated by hearing aids and partial support for a moderating role of age. DISCUSSION This study provides new evidence that subjective aging is prospectively related to hearing function. Individuals with older subjective age or negative SPA have unfavorable behavioral and clinical profiles that explain part of their lower hearing function. Individuals' experience with their aging process is a marker of risk for impaired hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stephan
- Address correspondence to: Yannick Stephan, PhD, Euromov, University of Montpellier, UFRSTAPS, 700, Avenue du Pic St Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France. E-mail:
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Yao GY, Luo YY, Zhu B, Wu HM, Liu KL. Latent profile analysis of self-perceptions of ageing among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:11-21. [PMID: 34704645 PMCID: PMC9298122 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-perceptions of ageing (SPA) is an important predictor for physical and mental health of older adults in successful ageing. SPA is mainly studied from negative or positive perspectives using variable-centred methodologies. The aim of the current study was to explore distinct profiles of SPA among Chinese community-dwelling older adults using a person-centred method and validate the SPA profiles by examining associations with psychological outcomes. METHODS Participants aged 65 and over were randomly divided into test and validation samples (n = 451, respectively). SPA was measured by the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire using latent profile analysis. RESULTS Three SPA profiles were identified. One adaptive subgroup was designated as 'Low ageing awareness and high positive control' (LAPC, 84.7% and 75% in both samples, respectively). Two maladaptive SPA subgroups were designated as 'Low positive consequences and control' (LPCC, 3.9% and 8.2% in both samples, respectively), and 'High ageing awareness and negative control' (HANC, 11.4% and 16.8% in both samples, respectively). Similar to negative/positive SPA, the HANC and LAPC subgroups showed the highest and lowest levels of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. Low cognitive function was found in the LPCC subgroup. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the heterogeneity of older adults' SPA. SPA profiles may aid community healthcare providers in China to identify individuals with high risk of maladaptive SPA and to tailor targeted interventions for psychological health in later life. Distinct SPA profiles require different interventions targeting negative or positive control or both aspects. More positive control strategies might be beneficial for cognitive functioning in older adults from the LPCC subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ying Yao
- Humanistic Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan-Yan Luo
- Humanistic Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Min Wu
- Humanistic Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Humanistic Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Terracciano A. Subjective age and multiple cognitive domains in two longitudinal samples. J Psychosom Res 2021; 150:110616. [PMID: 34534914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective age is consistently related to memory performance and global cognitive function among older adults. The present study examines whether subjective age is prospectively related to specific domains of cognitive function. METHOD Participants were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 2549, Mean Age = 69.66, SD = 7.36) and the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS, N = 2499, Mean Age = 46.24, SD = 11.25). In both samples, subjective age, depressive symptoms, chronic conditions, and demographic factors were assessed at baseline. Four domains of cognition were assessed 8 years later in the HRS and almost 20 years later in the MIDUS: episodic memory, speed-attention-executive, verbal fluency, and numeric reasoning. HRS also assessed visuospatial ability. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed that an older subjective age was related to worse performance in the domains of episodic memory and speed-attention-executive in both samples. The effect size for the difference between a younger and an older subjective age was d = 0.14 (MIDUS) and d = 0.24 (HRS) for episodic memory and d = 0.25 (MIDUS) and d = 0.33 (HRS) for speed-attention-executive. Feeling older was related to lower verbal fluency in HRS (d = 0.30) but not in MIDUS, whereas no association was found with numeric reasoning in either sample. An older subjective age was related to lower visuospatial ability in HRS (d = 0.25). CONCLUSION Subjective age is prospectively related to performance in different cognitive domains. The associations between subjective age and both episodic memory and speed-attention-executive functions were replicable and robust over up to 20 years of follow-up.
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15
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Psychological Predictors of Perceived Age and Chronic Pain Impact in Individuals With and Without Knee Osteoarthritis. Clin J Pain 2021; 36:569-577. [PMID: 32398442 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronological age is a risk factor in chronic pain; however, aging research supports the premise that physical and psychological health may better predict perceived age. Given the lack of evidence on perceived age in the context of chronic pain, the current study presents novel findings about the relationship between perceived age, chronic pain impact, and psychological function in adults with and without knee osteoarthritis. METHODS This secondary analysis was part of an ongoing multisite observational cohort study to understand the progression of knee pain and disability. Community-dwelling adults (N=227) ages 45+ completed measures of trait resilience, trait positive and negative affect, pain catastrophizing, subjective perceptions of age, and the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. RESULTS On average, participants reported feeling 10 years younger than their chronological age; however, this effect was attenuated in individuals reporting high-impact pain. Lower perceived age was associated with lower pain impact (low pain/low disability), while higher perceived age correlated with higher pain impact (high pain/high disability) and more adverse psychological effects. Using hierarchical linear regression, high-impact pain and positive affect emerged as statistically significant predictors of perceived age, whereas no differences were observed among trait resilience, negative affect, or pain catastrophizing. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of a biopsychosocial approach in understanding the intersection between psychological and physical factors associated with chronic pain. Addressing negative self-perceptions of aging, while simultaneously augmenting positive affect, through psychological therapies may mitigate pain and disability.
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Schönstein A, Ngo DTT, Stephan Y, Siè A, Harling G, Bärnighausen T, Wahl HW. Feeling Younger in Rural Burkina Faso: Exploring the Role of Subjective Age in the Light of Previous Research from High Income Countries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:2029-2040. [PMID: 34379769 PMCID: PMC8599075 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous research on subjective age (SA), that is, how young or old a person feels relative to their chronological age, has shown that older adults tend to feel younger than they are (by about 15%–20%), but the extent of this effect depends, in part, on their health. However, as most of the studies have been conducted in Western countries, it is unclear how well these results generalize to culturally different samples. Objectives, therefore, were to examine SA in middle-aged and older adults from a very low-income setting in rural Burkina Faso, to examine associations between SA and health/quality of life-related measures, and to compare findings with Western studies. Methods Representative, cross-sectional sample of N = 3,028 adults (≥40 years, recruited in 2018) from north-western Burkina Faso. Data included questionnaires on depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life scale, including subjective health) as well as performance-based and objective health-related measures (Community Screening Instrument for Dementia as cognitive screening, walking speed). Results Respondents felt on average 3% younger (SD = 0.13) than their chronological age, with 48% (95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.50) feeling younger—27 percentage points lower than seen in representative Western studies. Lower depression, better walking speed, cognition, and quality of life were all associated with younger SA. Discussion Middle-aged and older adults in Nouna felt less young than similar age groups in Western studies. One of the reasons may be that youthfulness is less of a value outside Western cultures. As in Western studies, parts of the variation in SA can be explained by health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schönstein
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D T T Ngo
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Stephan
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Siè
- CRSN Nouna, Boucle de Mouhoun, Burkina Faso
| | - G Harling
- University College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - H-W Wahl
- Network Aging Research & Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Hartanto A, Majeed NM, Ng WQ, Chai CKN, Lua VYQ. Subjective age and inflammation risk in midlife adults: Findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) studies. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7:100072. [PMID: 35757054 PMCID: PMC9216680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that subjective age—a subjective evaluation of one's own age—is a promising construct in gerontology that may contribute our understanding of risk for immune dysfunction. Nevertheless, studies documenting the association between subjective age and inflammatory biomarkers remain limited and provide mixed findings. In the present study, we revisited the relation between subjective age and systemic inflammation by utilizing a range of well-established inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1) through the collection of fasting blood samples before breakfast. In a large-scale dataset of midlife adults (N = 1800), we found some evidence that an older subjective age is associated with elevated inflammation when indexed by C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, as well as a composite inflammation score. However, these relations were not significant when health variables were controlled for, suggesting that the association between subjective age and systemic inflammation is fully accounted for by better health profiles among those with a younger subjective age. Additionally, the subjective age-inflammation association was influenced by slight variations in the analytic method, highlighting the importance of sensitivity analyses in this area. Subjective age predicted a composite score comprising five inflammatory biomarkers. Subjective age is linked with elevated C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Subjective age-systemic inflammation link is fully accounted by health profiles. Subjective age predicted the composite score and fibrinogen after correcting for multiple comparisons. Variation in analyses can influence subjective age-inflammation associations.
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Wurm S, Terracciano A. Subjective Aging and Incident Cardiovascular Disease. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:910-919. [PMID: 32857131 PMCID: PMC8063671 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subjective aging, including subjective age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA), predicts health-related outcomes in older adults. Despite its association with cardiovascular risk factors, little is known about the association between subjective aging and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the present study examined whether subjective age and SPA are related to the incidence of heart conditions and stroke. METHODS The sample comprises 10,695 participants aged 50-100 years from the Health and Retirement Study. Subjective age, SPA, demographic factors, and health-related behaviors, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline. Self-reported physician diagnosis of heart conditions and stroke were assessed biennially over up to 9 years of follow-up. RESULTS Controlling for demographic factors, an older subjective age and more negative SPA were related to a higher risk of incident heart conditions and stroke. Feeling older and holding negative SPA were associated with around 40% higher risk of experiencing heart conditions over time. An older subjective age and negative SPA were related to almost twofold and 30% higher risk of incident stroke, respectively. Health risk behaviors, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and depressive symptoms accounted for part of the associations between subjective aging and heart diseases and stroke. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the literature on subjective aging and cardiovascular risk factors, this large prospective study indicates that an older subjective age and negative SPA increase the risk of incident stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Wurm
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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Qiao H, Du X, Li S, Sun Y, Feng W, Wu Y. Does older subjective age predict poorer cognitive function and higher risk of dementia in middle-aged and older adults? Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113807. [PMID: 33631534 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As a biopsychosocial marker of aging, subjective age (i.e., the age individuals feel regardless of their actual age) was related to many health issues in the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether subjective age is associated with subsequent cognition and dementia risk in middle-aged and older adults. Samples were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Participants reported their subjective ages at the baseline (2004/2005), and their cognitive functions were measured after 10 years (2014/2015). Newly diagnosed dementias were recorded between 2006/2007 to 2014/2015. Overall, 6,475 adults aged 50 years or older were included in the current analyses. The relationship between subjective age reported at baseline and cognition assessed ten years later was modeled using multiple linear regression models. Compared to participants who reported a younger subjective age, those who reported an older subjective age were more likely to have poorer cognition after ten years (β = -0.705, P = .002 for memory, β = -1.567, P = .001 for executive function). A Cox proportional hazard regression model suggested that older subjective age was an independent risk factor for incident dementia (HR = 1.737, 95% CI =1.060-2.848). Other than chronological age, subjective age could also be considered as an important predictor for the development of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiru Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Canada B, Terracciano A. The Association between Subjective Age and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:2023-2028. [PMID: 33718965 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, characterized by cognitive complaints and slower gait speed, is a pre-dementia syndrome associated with dementia and mortality risk. The present study examined whether subjective age, that is how old or young individuals feel relative to their chronological age, is related to concurrent and incident MCR syndrome. A relation between subjective age and MCR will inform knowledge on psychological factors related to dementia risk, identify who is at greater risk, and suggest a potential target of intervention. METHOD The study sample was composed of 6,341 individuals aged 65 to 107 years without dementia from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal study of adults aged 50 years and older. Participants completed measures of subjective age, cognitive complaints, and gait speed and provided information on demographic factors, cognition, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline in 2008/2010. Incident MCR was assessed four and eight years later. RESULTS Controlling for demographic factors, an older subjective age was related to more than 60% higher likelihood of MCR at baseline and to around 50% higher risk of incident MCR over time. These associations remained significant when cognition, physical inactivity, depressive symptoms, and BMI were included in the analytic models. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that how old individuals feel is related to concurrent and incident MCR beyond the effect of chronological age, other demographic factors, physical inactivity, depressive symptoms, BMI, and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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21
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Organic food consumption is associated with inflammatory biomarkers among older adults. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4603-4613. [PMID: 33353578 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020005236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between organic food consumption and biomarkers of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and cystatin C (CysC) was explored in this cross-sectional analysis of older adults. DESIGN Dietary data and organic food consumption was collected in 2013 from a FFQ. Alternative Mediterranean diet score (A-MedDiet) was calculated as a measure of healthy eating. Biomarkers CRP and CysC were collected in serum or plasma in 2016. We used linear regression models to assess the associations between organic food consumption and CRP and CysC. SETTING This cross-sectional analysis uses data from the nationally representative, longitudinal panel study of Americans over 50, the Health and Retirement Study. PARTICIPANTS The mean age of the analytic sample (n 3815) was 64·3 (se 0·3) years with 54·4 % being female. RESULTS Log CRP and log CysC were inversely associated with consuming organic food after adjusting for potential confounders (CRP: β = -0·096, 95 % CI 0·159, -0·033; CysC: β = -0·033, 95 % CI -0·051, -0·015). Log CRP maintained statistical significance (β = -0·080; 95 % CI -0·144, -0·016) after additional adjustments for the A-MedDiet, while log CysC lost statistical significance (β = -0·019; 95 % CI -0·039, 0·000). The association between organic food consumption and log CRP was driven primarily by milk, fruit, vegetables and cereals, while log CysC was primarily driven by milk, eggs and meat after adjustments for A-MedDiet. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that organic food consumption is inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation CRP and CysC, although residual confounding by healthy eating and socioeconomic status cannot be ruled out.
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Abstract
Perceptions of age and perceptions of health have each been found to predict future health and well-being, yet surprisingly, studies typically focused on one or the other. Studies on perceived age suggested that its effects on longevity may be mediated by perceived health. Within each of these lines of research, the constructs have not been consistently operationalized, making it difficult to generalize across studies. We aimed to investigate the associations of different measures of perceptions of age and of health with one another and with longevity. Data collected at baseline from the 851 participants of the Rutgers Aging and Health longitudinal study (mean age 73) included perceptions of age and health, each assessed with four different single-item measures, sociodemographic, and health measures. Mortality was followed-up for 10 years. All four health perceptions and two of the age perceptions (Age-group identity and nearness-to-death) were associated with survival time. Age and health perceptions had similar independent effects in models that included measures of both types, controlling for demographics and chronic conditions, though not after controlling for age. In contrast with our hypothesis, health perceptions did not mediate the association between age perceptions and mortality. Findings regarding health perceptions were generally consistent across measures, whereas age perception measures differed in their associations with various outcomes, indicating that they assess different subjective age constructs. The findings correspond with proposed explanations for the predictive effect of age and health perceptions and support the significant though weaker independent effects of age perceptions compared with health perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Benyamini
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edith Burns
- Department of Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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Mejía ST, Giasson HL, Smith J, Gonzalez R. Concurrent and enduring associations between married partners' shared beliefs and markers of aging. Psychol Aging 2020; 35:925-936. [PMID: 32525338 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Beliefs about aging are grounded in social experience. This study considered the extent to which married older adults' shared beliefs about aging and markers of aging maintain a concurrent and enduring association with their partners' beliefs about and markers of aging. Data from the 2010/2012 and 2014/2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study provided measures of husbands' and wives' (3,779 couples) positive and negative beliefs about aging and internal (Cystatin C) and external (grip strength) markers of aging at 2 time points. Latent dyadic models parsed beliefs and markers into partners' individual and shared variances, which were connected both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Longitudinal analysis showed that the cross-sectional associations between shared beliefs and markers of aging were stable over 4 years. Partners' shared beliefs and markers of aging were found to have enduring associations with each other over time. The enduring association between grip strength and future negative beliefs remained significant after accounting for partner selection and similarity in health. Model comparisons across marriage duration and emotional closeness showed partners' beliefs to be more similar in marriages that were either long established or emotionally close. In all groups, shared beliefs and markers of aging were associated with each other over time. The association between positive beliefs and future grip strength was stronger in long-established than in recent marriages. In summary, this study provides evidence that, within older couples, beliefs about aging are shaped in part through experiences of aging together. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon T Mejía
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Jacqui Smith
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
| | - Richard Gonzalez
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
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Abstract
The risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19 and of dying from it increases with age. This statistical association has led to numerous highly problematic policy suggestions and comments revealing underlying ageist attitudes and promoting age discrimination. Such attitudes are based on negative stereotypes on the health and functioning of older adults. As a result, the lives of older people are disvalued, including in possible triage situations and in the potential limitation of some measures against the spread of the pandemic to older adults. These outcomes are unjustified and unethical. We develop six propositions against the ageism underlying these suggestions to spur a more adequate response to the current pandemic in which the needs and dignity of older people are respected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joerg Ehni
- Professor, Institute for Ethics and the History of Medicine, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Wahl
- Professor, Network of Aging Research, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
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Feeling too old? Consequences for subjective well-being. Longitudinal findings from the German Ageing Survey. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104127. [PMID: 32521418 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A lack of longitudinal studies exists where the difference between chronological age and perceived age (feeling older/feeling younger) and its association with subjective well-being (SWB) is examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether these differences are associated with SWB. METHOD Longitudinal data (year 2002-2017; n = 18,373 observations in the analytical sample) were taken from the nationally representative German Ageing Survey. To capture SWB comprehensively, positive and negative affect as well as life satisfaction was considered. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was used to assess positive and negative affect. Life satisfaction was quantified using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The difference between chronological age and perceived age was used to quantify our main independent variable. More specifically, asymmetric effects were used, i.e. we tested whether changes in negative (chronological age was lower than perceived age, "feeling older") and positive age comparisons (otherwise, "feeling younger") are associated with changes in SWB differently. RESULTS Fixed effects regressions showed that feeling younger was associated with a slight increase in life satisfaction (β = .15, p < .001) and positive affect (β = .15, p < .001). Moreover, feeling younger was associated with a slight decrease in negative affect (β=-.07, p < .05). Feeling older was associated with a considerable decrease in life satisfaction (β=-.65, p < .01) and positive affect (β=-.45, p < .01), was well as a considerable increase in negative affect (β = .49, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of negative age comparisons (feeling older) for SWB. Strategies to shift age perceptions may be beneficial for SWB in older individuals.
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Repo JP, Häkkinen AH, Porkka T, Häkkinen K, Kautiainen H, Kyrölä K, Neva MH. Increased interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels after instrumented lumbar spine fusion in older patients. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2020; 27:2309499019826406. [PMID: 30798730 DOI: 10.1177/2309499019826406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP) blood concentrations after lumbar spine fusion may be affected by age. The purpose of this prospective observational study was to assess postoperative serum levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and CRP after instrumented lumbar spine fusion surgery. We hypothesized that older patients would have increased levels of IL-6 and CRP after surgery. METHODS IL-6 and high-sensitive CRP biochemical marker levels were measured before instrumented spinal fusion, and postoperatively at 1 and 3 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months. The 49 patients in this sample were divided into two groups: age ≤ 60 years ( n = 23) and age > 60 years ( n = 26). RESULTS Acute changes in IL-6 high-sensitivity and CRP from preoperative levels to postoperative day (POD) 1 increased with age. Mean (95% CI) difference between the age-groups in changes of IL-6 at PODs 1 and 3 was 45 pg/ml (10-83, p = 0.014) and 20 pg/ml (5-36, p = 0.021), respectively. Mean (95% CI) difference between groups in changes of CRP at PODs 1 and 3 was 9.6 mg/l (-3.5 to 22.7, p = 0.47) and 24.8 mg/l (-17 to 67, p = 0.33), respectively. Both groups had decreased IL-6 and CRP levels at 6 weeks after surgery compared to the preoperative level. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of IL-6 and CRP is stronger in patients over 60 years old after instrumented lumbar spinal fusion. The CRP and IL-6 are sensitive markers for acute postoperative inflammation. Even high acute CRP values do not necessarily indicate postoperative infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi P Repo
- 1 Department of Surgery, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja H Häkkinen
- 2 Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuukka Porkka
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- 4 Biology of Physical activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- 5 Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Finland
| | - Kati Kyrölä
- 1 Department of Surgery, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marko H Neva
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Subjective Age and Cystatin C Among Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:382-388. [PMID: 29045722 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystatin C (CysC) is a marker of kidney function that is relevant for the health and cognition of older adults. Little is known about the link between psychological factors and CysC. Therefore, the present study examined whether subjective age is related to CysC level and changes in CysC over time. METHOD Participants were 5,066 individuals drawn from the Health and Retirement Study aged from 50 to 107 years (60% women, mean age = 69.36 years, SD = 9.54). They provided data on subjective age, demographic covariates, and CysC at baseline. CysC was assessed again 4 years later. RESULTS Analysis revealed that an older subjective age was related to higher level of CysC at baseline and to an increase in CysC over 4 years, controlling for demographic factors. An older subjective age was also related to higher risk of exceeding the clinical threshold of CysC at baseline and 4 years later. Additional analysis revealed that disease burden, depressive symptoms, physical inactivity, and BMI partly mediated these associations. CONCLUSION The present study provides new evidence on the role of subjective age as a psychological factor associated with individuals' risk of kidney dysfunction, an association beyond chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee
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Goecke T, Kunze F. “How old do you feel today at work?” Work-related drivers of subjective age in the workplace. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2020.1724098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Goecke
- Chair for Organisational Studies, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian Kunze
- Chair for Organisational Studies, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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McLachlan KJJ, Cole JH, Harris SE, Marioni RE, Deary IJ, Gale CR. Attitudes to ageing, biomarkers of ageing and mortality: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:377-383. [PMID: 31992610 PMCID: PMC7079194 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether people with more positive attitudes to ageing are biologically younger as defined by leucocyte telomere length, accelerated DNA methylation GrimAge (AgeAccelGrim) and brain-predicted age difference, and whether these biomarkers explain relationships between attitudes to ageing and mortality. Methods We used linear regression to examine cross-sectionally attitudes to ageing (measured using the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire) and the three biomarkers in 758 adults, mean age 72.5 years, from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine longitudinally attitudes to ageing and mortality and the role of the biomarkers. Results More positive attitude to physical change was associated with younger biological age, as measured by AgeAccelGrim and brain-predicted age difference in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models: for an SD higher score, AgeAccelGrim was lower by -0.73 (95% CI -1.03 to -0.42) of a year, and brain-predicted age difference was lower by -0.87 (1.51 to 0.23) of a year. Both associations were attenuated by adjustment for covariates and not significant after simultaneous adjustment for all covariates and correction for multiple testing. More positive attitudes to physical change were associated with lower mortality: for an SD higher score the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.66 (0.56 to 0.78). Adjustment for AgeAccelGrim or brain-predicted age difference attenuated this association slightly. It remained significant after adjustment for all covariates. Conclusion We found partial evidence that attitudes to ageing are linked with ageing biomarkers but they accounted for only a little of the association between attitudes and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H Cole
- Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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Thyagarajan B, Shippee N, Parsons H, Vivek S, Crimmins E, Faul J, Shippee T. How Does Subjective Age Get "Under the Skin"? The Association Between Biomarkers and Feeling Older or Younger Than One's Age: The Health and Retirement Study. Innov Aging 2019; 3:igz035. [PMID: 31528718 PMCID: PMC6736363 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Though subjective age is a well-recognized risk factor for several chronic diseases, the biological basis for these associations remains poorly understood. Research Design and Methods We used new comprehensive biomarker data from the 2016 wave of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to evaluate the association between biomarker levels and self-reported subjective age in a subset of 3,740 HRS participants who provided a blood sample. We measured biomarkers in seven biological domains associated with aging: inflammation, glycemia, lipids, liver function, endocrine function, renal function, and cardiac function. The primary outcome was the age discrepancy score (subjective age − chronological age) categorized as those who felt younger, older, or the same as their chronological age (reference group). Analyses adjusted for comprehensive psychosocial factors (chronic stress index, depression score), demographic factors (race, sex, body mass index, marital status, physical activity), and prevalence of chronic health conditions (comorbidity index). Results The prevalence of clinically relevant reduced levels of albumin concentrations was lower in those who felt younger (8.8% vs. 16.0%; p = .006) and higher in those who felt older (20.4% vs. 16.0%; p = .03) when compared with the reference category. The prevalence of clinically significant elevation in liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase was also significantly lower among those who felt younger (7.1% vs. 8.6%; p = .04) when compared with the reference category. Prevalence of clinically elevated levels in cystatin C was also lower among those who felt younger when compared with the reference category (50.0% vs. 59.1%; p = .04). There was no association between lipids, glucose, or C-reactive protein (inflammatory marker) and subjective age categories. Discussion and Implications These results suggest that people who feel younger may have favorable biomarker profiles and as a result may have lower prevalence of age-related diseases when compared with those who feel older or those who feel the same as their chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Nathan Shippee
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Helen Parsons
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Sithara Vivek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Eileen Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California-Davis, Los Angeles
| | - Jessica Faul
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Tetyana Shippee
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
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Takatori K, Matsumoto D, Miyazaki M, Yamasaki N, Moon JS. The difference between self-perceived and chronological age in the elderly may correlate with general health, personality and the practice of good health behavior: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 83:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zee KS, Weiss D. High-quality relationships strengthen the benefits of a younger subjective age across adulthood. Psychol Aging 2019; 34:374-388. [PMID: 31070401 PMCID: PMC6690194 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Feeling younger than one's chronological age-a younger subjective age bias-has been consistently linked to healthy aging. However, little is known about conditions under which such benefits are strengthened. In high-quality relationships, partners affirm individuals' self-views and offer support that can encourage individuals to engage in behaviors compatible with their subjective age. Thus, we hypothesized the benefits of a younger subjective age bias would be stronger among adults in high-quality relationships. Hypotheses were supported in a 10-year longitudinal study of married adults (ages 34-84; N > 600): Relationship quality moderated the effect of subjective age bias on memory performance and heart rate variability, such that individuals in higher-quality relationships showed stronger beneficial effects of a younger subjective age bias. Results suggest psychological and relational resources may work together to jointly influence healthy aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Predictors of subjective age in community-dwelling older adults in Korea. Geriatr Nurs 2019; 40:314-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms: Review of the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases etiology research center cohort. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:8-15. [PMID: 29852344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of skeletal muscle mass on depressive symptoms remain poorly understood, especially in the middle-aged population. We examined the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms according to sex and menopausal status in the middle-aged Korean population. METHODS Herein, 1,151 men and 2,176 women aged 30-64 years completed questionnaires and underwent health examinations in the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center study. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis and adjusted for height squared (ASM/Ht2). Both continuous values and tertile groups of ASM/Ht2 were used for analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depressive Inventory-II (BDI), and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was determined as a BDI score ≥ 20. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis using a fully adjusted model showed that depressive symptoms were more frequently observed among men in the lower ASM/Ht2 tertile and middle ASM/Ht2 tertile than among those in the higher ASM/Ht2 tertile. Each 1-kg/m2 decrease in ASM/Ht2 was significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in men. Such significant association was not observed among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study design, measurement of skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms only once, estimation of skeletal muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis, assessing depressive symptoms by self-reported questionnaire, and potential unknown confounding variables constitute the limitations of our study. CONCLUSIONS The independent association between low skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms was observed in men but not in women.
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Subjective age and adiposity: evidence from five samples. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:938-941. [PMID: 30250240 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health issue with increasing prevalence among middle-aged and older adults. The present study tested whether subjective age, that is how old or young individuals perceive themselves to be, is related to both BMI and waist circumference in five samples of middle-aged and older adults (total N > 24,000; aged 34 to 105 years). Cross-sectional analyses that accounted for demographic variables revealed that an older subjective age was related to higher BMI and waist circumference in the five samples. Feeling older was related to a 10-20% higher likelihood of BMI ≥ 30 and a 11-25% higher likelihood of exceeding the obesity-related threshold for waist circumference. For most associations, age felt was more consistently and strongly related to adiposity than chronological age. The overall pattern was confirmed by a meta-analysis of the five samples. The present research adds subjective age to the list of factors related to obesity across adulthood.
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Shrira A, Palgi Y, Hoffman Y, Avidor S, Bodner E, Ben-Ezra M, Bensimon M. Subjective Age as a Moderator in the Reciprocal Effects Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Self-Rated Physical Functioning. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1746. [PMID: 30271367 PMCID: PMC6146298 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely acknowledged that physical decline may increase among middle-aged and older adults who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Much less is known about the temporal sequencing of PTSD and physical decline relationship over time. While PTSD can lead to physical decline, physical decline may preserve or augment existing PTSD symptoms. Both problems can also mutually affect each other forming a vicious cycle. Additionally, it is important to address variables that can mitigate these longitudinal effects. Following the recovery capital framework, we consider how the existence or lack of capital in the form of young age identity may affect the recovery process. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the reciprocal effects of PTSD symptoms and self-rated physical functioning and further test whether one's subjective age moderates these effects. Using in-region random digit dialing, we collected a stratified sample of community dwelling older adult residing in south Israel. Of that sample (N at T1 = 339), 132 older adults (age range = 51-88, mean age = 66.90, SD = 9.14) were interviewed 4 months after the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict (T2) and 1 year later (T3). Participants responded to PTSD symptoms scale, and reported their physical functioning and subjective age. PTSD symptoms and self-rated physical functioning were tested as both predictors and outcomes in a cross-lagged model. The moderating effect of subjective age was assessed by examining whether T2 variables interacted with subjective age in predicting T3 outcomes. Results showed that higher PTSD symptoms at T2 were associated with subsequent lower self-rated physical functioning at T3, yet self-rated physical functioning at T2 did not predict PTSD symptoms at T3, thereby highlighting the PTSD self-rated physical function direction. Moreover, subjective age moderated this latter association, so that this relationship was significant only for those who felt relatively older. In addition to clarifying the temporal sequencing of the PTSD self-rated physical functioning association, the study further suggests that an older subjective age (i.e., lack of recovery capital) could render middle-aged and older adults more susceptible to physical decline following PTSD symptoms. We therefore propose to develop interventions aimed at coping with an older age identity and facilitating a younger age identity among traumatized older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shrira
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, The Center for Research and Study of Aging, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaakov Hoffman
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Avidor
- Department of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic College, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Ehud Bodner
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Music, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Bensimon
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective age has been implicated in a range of health outcomes. The present study extends existing research by providing new data on the relation between subjective age and mortality in three large national samples. METHODS Participants (N > 17,000) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2008-2014), the Midlife in the United State Survey (MIDUS, 1995-2014), and the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS, 2011-2014). Subjective age, demographic factors, disease burden, functional limitations, depressive symptoms, and physical inactivity were assessed at baseline, and mortality data were tracked for up to 20 years. Cognition was also included as a covariate in the HRS and the NHATS. RESULTS Individuals felt on average 15% to 16% younger relative to their chronological age. Feeling approximately 8, 11, and 13 years older in the MIDUS, HRS, and NHATS was related to an 18%, 29%, and 25% higher risk of mortality, respectively. This pattern was confirmed by a meta-analysis of the three samples (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.31; p < .001). Multivariate analyses showed that disease burden, physical inactivity, functional limitations, and cognitive problems, but not depressive symptoms, accounted for the associations between subjective age and mortality. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides robust evidence for an association between an older subjective age and a higher risk of mortality across adulthood. These findings support the role of subjective age as a biopsychosocial marker of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stephan
- Euromov, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, FRANCE,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Yannick Stephan, Euromov, University of Montpellier, UFRSTAPS, 700, Avenue du Pic St Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Angelina R. Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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Is the relationship between subjective age, depressive symptoms and activities of daily living bidirectional? Soc Sci Med 2018; 214:41-48. [PMID: 30145439 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to investigate the prospective association between subjective age and depressive symptoms and activities of daily living (ADLs), and to test for reciprocal relationships. METHODS We used data from 9886 respondents aged 50 years and over who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We fitted a series of multiple regression models to analyse the relationships between subjective age, depressive symptoms, and ADL limitations over a four-year period. RESULTS Following adjustment for demographic, social, cognitive, lifestyle, and health factors, we found that having an older subjective age independently predicted increased ADL limitations (B = -0.16, 95% CI -0.25, -0.07) and greater depressive symptoms (B = -0.40, 95% CI -0.57, -0.23). By contrast, we observed no significant associations between depressive symptoms and ADL limitations and future subjective age in the fully-adjusted model. CONCLUSION In conclusion, older subjective age is associated with future depression and functional health, but the reverse pattern is confounded by initial health and social factors. These findings indicate that an individual's age identity may have an important effect on both depressive symptoms and activities of daily living.
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Kornadt A, Caudroit J, Terracciano A. Higher IQ in adolescence is related to a younger subjective age in later life: Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. INTELLIGENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Felicitas Elisabeth Goecke T, Kunze F. The contextual role of subjective age in the chronological age/absenteeism relationship in blue and white collar teams. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2018.1485651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Kunze
- Chair for Organisational Studies, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Kwak S, Kim H, Chey J, Youm Y. Feeling How Old I Am: Subjective Age Is Associated With Estimated Brain Age. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:168. [PMID: 29930506 PMCID: PMC5999722 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aging process is a universal phenomenon, people perceive and experience one's aging considerably differently. Subjective age (SA), referring to how individuals experience themselves as younger or older than their actual age, has been highlighted as an important predictor of late-life health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether and how SA is associated with the neurobiological process of aging. In this study, 68 healthy older adults underwent a SA survey and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. T1-weighted brain images of open-access datasets were utilized to construct a model for age prediction. We utilized both voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and age-prediction modeling techniques to explore whether the three groups of SA (i.e., feels younger, same, or older than actual age) differed in their regional gray matter (GM) volumes, and predicted brain age. The results showed that elderly individuals who perceived themselves as younger than their real age showed not only larger GM volume in the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus, but also younger predicted brain age. Our findings suggest that subjective experience of aging is closely related to the process of brain aging and underscores the neurobiological mechanisms of SA as an important marker of late-life neurocognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyul Kwak
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hairin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeanyung Chey
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Terracciano A. Subjective age and risk of incident dementia: Evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends survey. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 100:1-4. [PMID: 29471080 PMCID: PMC5866231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the association between subjective age and risk of incident dementia in a large longitudinal sample of older adults. Participants were adults aged 65 years and older from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Subjective age, covariates, and cognitive status were assessed in 2011 and cognitive status was again assessed in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Incident dementia was determined based on answers from self and proxy respondents. The analyses included 4262 participants without dementia at baseline. Adjusting for demographic factors and baseline cognition, an older subjective age was related to higher likelihood of incident dementia. This association was partly accounted by depressive symptoms. Beyond the effect of chronological age, feeling older is associated with the risk of incident dementia.
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Takatori K, Matsumoto D, Miyazaki M, Yamasaki N, Moon JS. Relationship between Self-Perceived Age and Social Activity in Older Japanese Adults: The KAGUYA Study. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.1011112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wurm S, Diehl M, Kornadt AE, Westerhof GJ, Wahl HW. How do views on aging affect health outcomes in adulthood and late life? Explanations for an established connection. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.08.002 or 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wurm S, Diehl M, Kornadt AE, Westerhof GJ, Wahl HW. How do views on aging affect health outcomes in adulthood and late life? Explanations for an established connection. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2017; 46:27-43. [PMID: 33927468 PMCID: PMC8081396 DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Personal views on aging, such as age stereotypes and subjective aging, can affect various health outcomes in later life. For the past 20 years or so, a large body of experimental and longitudinal work has provided ample evidence for this connection. Thus, it seems timely to better understand the pathways of this linkage. The majority of existing studies has either focused on age stereotypes or subjective aging. This theoretical paper provides a systematic comparison of major theoretical approaches that offer explanations through which different views on aging may affect health. After a short review of findings on the short- and long-term effects of different views on aging, we describe theoretical approaches that provide explanations of underlying mechanisms for the effect of both uni- and multidimensional views on aging on health outcomes. We compare the specific characteristics of these approaches, provide a heuristic framework and outline recommendations for future research routes. A better understanding of the impact of different views on aging on health outcomes is not only relevant for basic research in life-span developmental psychology, geropsychology and health psychology, it has also implications for intervention research and public health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wurm
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Terracciano A. Feeling Older and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:966-973. [PMID: 27436103 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Subjective age is a biopsychosocial marker of aging associated with a range of outcomes in old age. In the domain of cognition, feeling older than one's chronological age is related to lower cognitive performance and steeper cognitive decline among older adults. The present study examines whether an older subjective age is associated with the risk of incident cognitive impairment and dementia. Method Participants were 5,748 individuals aged 65 years and older drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Measures of subjective age, cognition, and covariates were obtained at baseline, and follow-up cognition was assessed over a 2- to 4-year period. Only participants without cognitive impairment were included at baseline. At follow-up, participants were classified into one of the three categories: normal functioning, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia. Results An older subjective age at baseline was associated with higher likelihood of CIND (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 1.09-1.28) and dementia (OR = 1.29; 1.02-1.63) at follow-up, controlling for chronological age, other demographic factors, and baseline cognition. Physical inactivity and depressive symptoms partly accounted for these associations. Conclusion An older subjective age is a marker of individuals' risk of subsequent cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Science, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Science, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Bayard S, Terracciano A. Subjective age and sleep in middle-aged and older adults. Psychol Health 2017; 32:1140-1151. [PMID: 28480746 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1324971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronological age is commonly used to explain change in sleep. The present study examines whether subjective age is associated with change in sleep difficulties across middle adulthood and old age. DESIGN Participants were drawn from the second (2004-2005) and third (2013-2014) waves of the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS, N = 2350; Mean Age: 55.54 years), the 2008 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 4066; Mean Age: 67.59 years) and the first (2011) and fourth (2014) waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS, N = 3541; Mean Age: 76.46). In each sample, subjective age, sleep difficulties, depressive symptoms, anxiety and chronic conditions were assessed at baseline. Sleep difficulties was assessed again at follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sleep difficulties. RESULTS An older subjective age at baseline was related to an increase in sleep difficulties over time in the three samples, and was mediated, in part, through more depressive symptoms, anxiety and chronic conditions. Feeling older was associated with an increased likelihood of major sleeping difficulties at follow-up in the three samples. CONCLUSION Subjective age is a salient marker of individuals' at risk for poor sleep quality, beyond chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stephan
- a EA 4556 Dynamic of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors , University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- b Florida State University College of Medicine , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Sophie Bayard
- c EA 4556 Dynamic of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors , University Paul Valery , Montpellier , France
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Abeyta AA, Routledge C. Fountain of youth: The impact of nostalgia on youthfulness and implications for health. SELF AND IDENTITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2015.1133452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. "Feeling younger, walking faster": subjective age and walking speed in older adults. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:86. [PMID: 26296609 PMCID: PMC5005834 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Walking speed is a key vital sign in older people. Given the implications of slower gait speed, a large literature has identified health-related, behavioral, cognitive, and biological factors that moderate age-related decline in mobility. The present study aims to contribute to existing knowledge by examining whether subjective age, how old or young individuals experience themselves to be relative to their chronological age, contributes to walking speed. Participants were drawn from the 2008 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 2970) and the 2011 and 2013 waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS, N = 5423). In both the HRS and the NHATS, linear regression analysis revealed that a younger subjective age was associated with faster walking speed at baseline and with less decline over time, controlling for age, sex, education, and race. These associations were partly accounted for by depressive symptoms, disease burden, physical activity, cognition, body mass index, and smoking. Additional analysis revealed that feeling younger than one's age was associated with a reduced risk of walking slower than the frailty-related threshold of 0.6 m/s at follow-up in the HRS. The present study provides novel and consistent evidence across two large prospective studies for an association between the subjective experience of age and walking speed of older adults. Subjective age may help identify individuals at risk for mobility limitations in old age and may be a target for interventions designed to mitigate functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stephan
- EA 4556 Dynamic of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors, University of Montpellier, 700, avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France,
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Vollmer-Conna U, Cvejic E, Granville Smith I, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Parker G. Characterising acute coronary syndrome-associated depression: Let the data speak. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:19-28. [PMID: 25770081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is understood to confer increased morbidity and mortality risk. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood, although several candidates including inflammation, cardiac autonomic dysregulation, and behavioural factors are viewed as of key importance. No single bio-behavioural explanatory model of ACS-associated depression has emerged, likely due the substantial heterogeneity across both conditions. We studied 344 patients with ACS; 45 fulfilled diagnostic (DSM-IV) criteria for a major depressive episode occurring within 1-month of ACS, and 13 had ongoing major depression that pre-dated ACS and continued through to 1 month post-ACS. We employed two statistical methods (multinomial logistic regression; and latent class analysis) and a range of immunological, autonomic and nutritional markers in an attempt to characterise a biological basis for ACS-associated depression. Regression modelling failed to accurately predict categorical group membership of ACS-associated depression. An alternative data-driven approach produced a three-class solution, with the derived classes differing on measure of C-reactive protein, vitamin D, omega-6:omega-3 ratio, heart rate variability, and age (all p⩽0.004). The majority of participants with ACS-associated and ongoing depression were members of the class characterised by the greatest biological disturbance. Patients with depression differed from those without depression on a range of psychological trait and state variables; additionally reporting poorer sleep quality, higher levels of social isolation, and functional impairment, but had similar biological profiles. Patients with ongoing depression generally had higher scores on these psychological/behavioural measures. Our novel analytic approach identified a combination of biomarkers suggestive of a role for immune, autonomic, and nutritional pathways in the manifestation of depression during ACS, in the context of additional psychosocial and behavioural vulnerabilities. Further studies are required to confirm the causal role of these factors in perpetuating depression and increasing risk of poor-health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Cvejic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
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