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Mei B, Xu X, Weng J, Yang Y, Wang P, Qiu G, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Liu X. Activating astrocytic α2A adrenoceptors in hippocampus reduces glutamate toxicity to attenuate sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:376-398. [PMID: 38320682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate metabolism disorder is an important mechanism of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Astrocytes regulate glutamate metabolism. In septic mice, α2A adrenoceptor (α2A-AR) activation in the central nervous system provides neuroprotection. α2A-ARs are expressed abundantly in hippocampal astrocytes. This study was performed to determine whether hippocampal astrocytic α2A-AR activation confers neuroprotection against SAE and whether this protective effect is astrocyte specific and achieved by the modulation of glutamate metabolism. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice with and without α2A-AR knockdown were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). They were treated with intrahippocampal guanfacine (an α2A-AR agonist) or intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine in the presence or absence of dihydrokainic acid [DHK; a glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) antagonist] and/or UCPH-101 [a glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) antagonist]. Hippocampal tissue was collected for the measurement of astrocyte reactivity, GLT-1 and GLAST expression, and glutamate receptor subunit 2B (GluN2B) phosphorylation. In vivo real-time extracellular glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with microdialysis, and in vivo real-time hippocampal glutamatergic neuron excitability was assessed by calcium imaging. The mice were subjected to the Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests to assess their learning and memory. Golgi staining was performed to assess changes in the hippocampal synaptic structure. In vitro, primary astrocytes with and without α2A-AR knockdown were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with guanfacine or dexmedetomidine in the presence or absence of 8-bromo- cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP, a cAMP analog). LPS-treated primary and BV2 microglia were also treated with guanfacine or dexmedetomidine. Astrocyte reactivity, PKA catalytic subunit, GLT-1 an GLAST expression were determined in primary astrocytes. Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the medium of microglia culture were measured. RESULTS CLP induced synaptic injury, impaired neurocognitive function, increased astrocyte reactivity and reduced GLT-1 and GLAST expression in the hippocampus of mice. The extracellular glutamate concentration, phosphorylation of GluN2B at Tyr-1472 and glutamatergic neuron excitability in the hippocampus were increased in the hippocampus of septic mice. Intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine or intrahippocampal guanfacine administration attenuated these effects. Hippocampal astrocytes expressed abundant α2A-ARs; expression was also detected in neurons but not microglia. Specific knockdown of α2A-ARs in hippocampal astrocytes and simultaneous intrahippocampal DHK and UCPH-101 administration blocked the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and guanfacine. Intrahippocampal administration of DHK or UCPH-101 alone had no such effect. In vitro, guanfacine or dexmedetomidine inhibited astrocyte reactivity, reduced PKA catalytic subunit expression, and increased GLT-1 and GLAST expression in primary astrocytes but not in primary astrocytes that received α2A-AR knockdown or were treated with 8-Br-cAMP. Guanfacine or dexmedetomidine inhibited microglial reactivity in BV2 but not primary microglia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that neurocognitive protection against SAE after hippocampal α2A-AR activation is astrocyte specific. This protection may involve the inhibition of astrocyte reactivity and alleviation of glutamate neurotoxicity, thereby reducing synaptic injury. The cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway is a potential cellular mechanism by which activating α2A-AR modulates astrocytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Juntao Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Yueyue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Gaolin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230001, China
| | - Qunlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230001, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, China.
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Basu P, Maier C, Averitt DL, Basu A. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and peripheral neuropathic pain - Emphasis on microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175901. [PMID: 37451423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by the lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and can be initiated and/or maintained by both central and peripheral mechanisms. Nerve injury leads to neuronal damage and apoptosis associated with the release of an array of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to activate inflammasomes. The activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to neuropathic pain and may represent a novel target for pain therapeutic development. In the current review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the recent findings on the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in modulating neuropathic pain development and maintenance, focusing on peripheral neuropathic conditions. Here we provide a detailed review of the mechanisms whereby NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to neuropathic pain via (1) neuroinflammation, (2) apoptosis, (3) pyroptosis, (4) proinflammatory cytokine release, (5) mitochondrial dysfunction, and (6) oxidative stress. We then present the current research literature reporting on the antinociceptive effects of several natural products and pharmacological interventions that target activation, expression, and/or regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we emphasize the effects of microRNAs as another regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, we summarize the possible caveats and future perspectives that might provide successful therapeutic approaches against NLRP3 inflammasome for treating or preventing neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, The Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Camelia Maier
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Dayna L Averitt
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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Zhong Y, Wang S, Yin Y, Yu J, Liu Y, Gao H. Dexmedetomidine suppresses hippocampal astrocyte pyroptosis in cerebral hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rats by upregulating microRNA-148a-3p to inactivate the STAT/JMJD3 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110440. [PMID: 37327511 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, is an anesthetic and sedative agent and has been reported to confer neuroprotective effects after cerebral hypoxic ischemia (CHI). This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms by which microRNA (miR)-148a-3p is involved in the neuroprotective effect of DEX on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. METHODS Neonatal rats were exposed to CHI conditions, a miR-148a-3p inhibitor, and DEX. Hippocampal astrocytes were isolated to construct an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. qRT-PCR and western blot were utilized to inspect miR-148a-3p, STAT1, STAT3, JMJD3, cleaved-Caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N expression in rats and astrocytes. TUNEL staining was employed to measure astrocyte apoptosis rate, immunofluorescence to inspect cleaved-Caspase-1 and ASC levels, and ELISA to determine IL-1β and IL-18 expression. The target genes of miR-148a-3p were predicted using online software and verified by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS A prominent increase in astrocyte apoptosis rate and the expression of pyroptosis- and inflammation-related factors were found in rats with CHI and OGD-treated astrocytes. DEX suppressed astrocyte apoptosis rate and decreased expression of pyroptosis- and inflammation-related factors. Knockdown of miR-148a-3p facilitated astrocyte pyroptosis, indicating that DEX exerted its protective effect by upregulating miR-148a-3p. miR-148a-3p negatively mediated STAT to inactivate JMJD3. Overexpression of STAT1 and STAT3 facilitated pyroptosis in astrocytes, which was negated by the overexpression of miR-148a-3p. CONCLUSION DEX inhibited hippocampal astrocyte pyroptosis by upregulating miR-148a-3p to inactivate the STAT/JMJD3 axis, thereby alleviating cerebral damage in neonatal rats with CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China.
| | - Shengzhao Wang
- Institute of Anesthesia, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Yin
- Institute of Anesthesia, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Jialu Yu
- Institute of Anesthesia, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China.
| | - Hong Gao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, Guizhou 558000, PR China.
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Wu Z, Li M. High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Spinal Cord Injury and Its Potential Role in Brain Functional Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1005-1017. [PMID: 35715656 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein, the functions of which depend on its subcellular location. It is actively or passively secreted into the blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and can be used as a prognostic indicator of disease. HMGB1 released into the bloodstream can cause pathological reactions in distant organs, and entry into the CSF can destroy the blood-brain barrier and aggravate brain injuries. HMGB1 expression has been reported to be increased in the tissues of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients and involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and ferroptosis. SCI can lead to brain changes, resulting in neuropathic pain, depression, and cognitive dysfunction, but the specific mechanism is unknown. It remains unclear whether HMGB1 plays an important role in brain functional remodeling after SCI. Damaged cells at the site of SCI passively release HMGB1, which travels to the brain via the blood, CSF, and/or axonal transport, destroys the blood-brain barrier, and causes pathological changes in the brain. This may explain the remodeling of brain function that occurs after SCI. In this minireview, we introduce the structure and function of HMGB1 and its mechanism of action in SCI. Clarifying the functions of HMGB1 may provide insight into the links between SCI and various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Jacob Y, Schneider B, Spies C, Heinrich M, von Haefen C, Kho W, Pohrt A, Müller A. In a secondary analysis from a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial Dexmedetomidine blocks cholinergic dysregulation in delirium pathogenesis in patients with major surgery. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3971. [PMID: 36894596 PMCID: PMC9998872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist with anti-inflammatory and anti-delirogenic properties. Pathogenesis of postoperative delirium (POD) includes cholinergic dysfunction and deregulated inflammatory response to surgical trauma. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are discussed as biomarkers for both POD and severity in acute inflammation. To show whether there is a link between blood cholinesterase activities and dexmedetomidine, we performed a secondary analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that recently showed a lower incidence of POD in the dexmedetomidine group. Abdominal or cardiac surgical patients aged ≥ 60 years were randomised to receive dexmedetomidine or placebo intra- and postoperatively in addition to standard general anaesthesia. We analysed the course of perioperative cholinesterase activities of 56 patients, measured preoperatively and twice postoperatively. Dexmedetomidine resulted in no change in AChE activity and caused a rapid recovery of BChE activity after an initial decrease, while placebo showed a significant decrease in both cholinesterase activities. There were no significant between-group differences at any point in time. From these data it can be assumed that dexmedetomidine could alleviate POD via altering the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP). We advocate for further investigations to show the direct connection between dexmedetomidine and cholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanite Jacob
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bill Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Heinrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Widuri Kho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Pohrt
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Silva CM, Ornellas DS, Ornellas FM, Santos RS, Martini SV, Ferreira D, Muiler C, Cruz FF, Takiya CM, Rocco PRM, Morales MM, Silva PL. Early effects of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells on lung and kidney in experimental sepsis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 309:103999. [PMID: 36460253 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experimental sepsis, functional and morphological effects of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMDMC) administration in lung tissue have been evaluated 1 and 7 days after therapy. However, to date no study has evaluated the early effects of BMDMCs in both lung and kidney in experimental polymicrobial sepsis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis; and 2) Sham (surgical procedure without CLP). After 1 h, CLP animals received saline (NaCl 0.9%) (CLP-Saline) or 106 BMDMCs (CLP-Cell) via the jugular vein. At 6, 12, and 24 h after saline or BMDMC administration, lungs and kidneys were removed for histology and molecular biology analysis. RESULTS In lungs, CLP-Saline, compared to Sham, was associated with increased lung injury score (LIS) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) mRNA expression at 6, 12, and 24 h. BMDMCs were associated with reduced LIS and KC mRNA expression regardless of the time point of analysis. Interleukin (IL)- 10 mRNA content was higher in CLP-Cell than CLP-Saline at 6 and 24 h. In kidney tissue, CLP-Saline, compared to Sham, was associated with tubular cell injury and increased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, which were reduced after BMDMC therapy at all time points. Surface high-mobility-group-box (HMGB)- 1 levels were higher in CLP-Saline than Sham at 6, 12, and 24 h, whereas nuclear HMGB-1 levels were increased only at 24 h. BMDMCs were associated with decreased surface HMGB-1 and increased nuclear HMGB-1 levels. Kidney injury molecule (KIM)- 1 and IL-18 gene expressions were reduced in CLP-Cell compared to CLP-Saline at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSION In the present experimental polymicrobial sepsis, early intravenous therapy with BMDMCs was able to reduce lung and kidney damage in a time-dependent manner. BMDMCs thus represent a potential therapy in well-known scenarios of sepsis induction. PURPOSE To evaluate early bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMDMC) therapy on lung and kidney in experimental polymicrobial sepsis. METHODS Twenty-five female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups: cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis; and sham (surgical procedure without CLP). After 1 h, CLP animals received saline (CLP-saline) or 106 BMDMCs (CLP-cell) via the jugular vein. Lungs and kidneys were evaluated for histology and molecular biology after 6, 12, and 24 h. RESULTS In lungs, BMDMCs reduced the lung injury score and keratinocyte chemoattractant mRNA expression regardless of the time point of analysis; interleukin-10 mRNA content was higher in CLP-cell than CLP-saline at 6 and 24 h. In kidneys, BMDMCs reduced neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels at all time points. BMDMCs decreased surface high mobility group box (HMGB)- 1 but increased nuclear HMGB-1 levels. CONCLUSION Early BMDMC therapy reduced lung and kidney damage in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora S Ornellas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Ornellas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sabrina V Martini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Debora Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Muiler
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takiya
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Mo Y, Chen K. Review: The role of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094925. [PMID: 36713448 PMCID: PMC9877301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has dual functions as a nonhistone nucleoprotein and an extracellular inflammatory cytokine. In the resting state, HMGB1 is mainly located in the nucleus and regulates key nuclear activities. After spinal cord injury, HMGB1 is rapidly expressed by neurons, microglia and ependymal cells, and it is either actively or passively released into the extracellular matrix and blood circulation; furthermore, it also participates in the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury. HMGB1 can regulate the activation of M1 microglia, exacerbate the inflammatory response, and regulate the expression of inflammatory factors through Rage and TLR2/4, resulting in neuronal death. However, some studies have shown that HMGB1 is beneficial for the survival, regeneration and differentiation of neurons and that it promotes the recovery of motor function. This article reviews the specific timing of secretion and translocation, the release mechanism and the role of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury. Furthermore, the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury and, the challenges that still need to be addressed are identified, and this work will provide a basis for future studies.
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Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Intestinal Barrier in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery–A Single-Center Randomized Clinical Trial. J Surg Res 2022; 277:181-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Xu C, Qiao S, Liu T, Qi K, Tong D, Li C. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome Attenuates Inflammasome-Related Pyroptosis via Delivering circ_003564 to Improve the Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6771-6789. [PMID: 36038697 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is previously reported to present a certain effect on treating spinal cord injury (SCI), while the underlying mechanism is largely uncovered. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the involvement of exosome-delivered circRNA profile in the BMSC's effect on pyroptosis for SCI treatment. H2O2 treated rat primary neurons were cultured with normal medium, BMSC, BMSC plus GW4869, and BMSC-derived exosome, respectively, then inflammasome-related pyroptosis markers, and circRNA profiles were detected. Subsequently, circ_003564-knockdown BMSC exosome was transfected into H2O2 treated rat primary neurons and NGF-stimulated PC-12 cells. Furthermore, in vivo validation was conducted. BMSC and BMSC-derived exosome both decreased inflammasome-related pyroptosis markers including cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in H2O2-treated neurons, while exosome-free BMSC (BMSC plus GW4869) did not obviously reduce these factors. Microarray assay revealed that BMSC (vs. exosome-free BMSC) and BMSC-derived exosome (vs. normal medium) greatly regulated circRNA profiles, which were enriched in neuroinflammation pathways (such as neurotrophin, apoptosis, and TNF). Among three functional candidate circRNAs (circ_015525, circ_008876, and circ_003564), circ_003564 was most effective to regulate inflammasome-related pyroptosis. Interestingly, circ_003564-knockdown BMSC exosome showed higher expression of inflammasome-related pyroptosis markers compared to negative-control-knockdown BMSC exosome in H2O2 treated primary neurons/NGF-stimulated PC-12 cells. In vivo, BMSC exosome improved the function recovery and decreased tissue injury and inflammasome-related pyroptosis in SCI rats, whose effect was attenuated by circ_003564 knockdown transfection. BMSC exosome attenuates inflammasome-related pyroptosis via delivering circ_003564, contributing to its treatment efficacy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changli Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Suchi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ke Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dake Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Fauss GNK, Hudson KE, Grau JW. Role of Descending Serotonergic Fibers in the Development of Pathophysiology after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Contribution to Chronic Pain, Spasticity, and Autonomic Dysreflexia. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:234. [PMID: 35205100 PMCID: PMC8869318 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the nervous system develops, nerve fibers from the brain form descending tracts that regulate the execution of motor behavior within the spinal cord, incoming sensory signals, and capacity to change (plasticity). How these fibers affect function depends upon the transmitter released, the receptor system engaged, and the pattern of neural innervation. The current review focuses upon the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and its capacity to dampen (inhibit) neural excitation. A brief review of key anatomical details, receptor types, and pharmacology is provided. The paper then considers how damage to descending serotonergic fibers contributes to pathophysiology after spinal cord injury (SCI). The loss of serotonergic fibers removes an inhibitory brake that enables plasticity and neural excitation. In this state, noxious stimulation can induce a form of over-excitation that sensitizes pain (nociceptive) circuits, a modification that can contribute to the development of chronic pain. Over time, the loss of serotonergic fibers allows prolonged motor drive (spasticity) to develop and removes a regulatory brake on autonomic function, which enables bouts of unregulated sympathetic activity (autonomic dysreflexia). Recent research has shown that the loss of descending serotonergic activity is accompanied by a shift in how the neurotransmitter GABA affects neural activity, reducing its inhibitory effect. Treatments that target the loss of inhibition could have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James W. Grau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (G.N.K.F.); (K.E.H.)
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11
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Kho W, von Haefen C, Paeschke N, Nasser F, Endesfelder S, Sifringer M, González-López A, Lanzke N, Spies CD. Dexmedetomidine Restores Autophagic Flux, Modulates Associated microRNAs and the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway upon LPS-Treatment in Rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:261-276. [PMID: 34357471 PMCID: PMC9726767 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Infections and perioperative stress can lead to neuroinflammation, which in turn is linked to cognitive impairments such as postoperative delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunctions. The α2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) prevents cognitive impairments and has organo-protective and anti-inflammatory properties. Macroautophagy (autophagy) regulates many biological processes, but its role in DEX-mediated anti-inflammation and the underlying mechanism of DEX remains largely unclear. We were interested how a pretreatment with DEX protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in adult male Wistar rats. We used Western blot and activity assays to study how DEX modulated autophagy- and apoptosis-associated proteins as well as molecules of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and qPCR to analyse the expression of autophagy and inflammation-associated microRNAs (miRNA) in the spleen, cortex and hippocampus at different time points (6 h, 24 h, 7 d). We showed that a DEX pretreatment prevents LPS-induced impairments in autophagic flux and attenuates the LPS-induced increase in the apoptosis-associated protein cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) in the spleen. Both, DEX and LPS altered miRNA expression and molecules of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the spleen and brain. While only a certain set of miRNAs was up- and/or downregulated by LPS in each tissue, which was prevented or attenuated by a DEX pretreatment in the spleen and hippocampus, all miRNAs were up- and/or downregulated by DEX itself - independent of whether or not they were altered by LPS. Our results indicate that the organo-protective effect of DEX may be mediated by autophagy, possibly by acting on associated miRNAs, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Preventive effects of DEX on LPS-induced inflammation. DEX restores the LPS-induced impairments in autophagic flux, attenuates PARP cleavage and alters molecules of the cholinergic system in the spleen. Furthermore, DEX alters and prevents LPS-induced miRNA expression changes in the spleen and brain along with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widuri Kho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Paeschke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatme Nasser
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Sifringer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrián González-López
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadine Lanzke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D. Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Karakaya D, Cakir-Aktas C, Uzun S, Soylemezoglu F, Mut M. Tailored Therapeutic Doses of Dexmedetomidine in Evolving Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:802-814. [PMID: 34782991 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the secondary damage mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is essential for developing new therapeutic approaches. Neuroinflammation has a pivotal role in secondary brain injury after TBI. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes results in the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and, in addition, later in the response, microglial activation and migration of the peripheral immune cells into the injured brain are observed. Therefore, these components involved in the inflammatory process are becoming a new treatment target in TBI. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an effective drug, widely used over the past few years in neurocritical care units and during surgical operations for sedation and analgesia, and has anti-inflammatory effects, which are shown in in vivo studies. The aim of this original research is to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of different Dex doses over time in TBI. METHODS Brain injury was performed by using a weight-drop model. Half an hour after the trauma, intraperitoneal saline was injected into the control groups and 40 and 200 μg/kg of Dex were given to the drug groups. Neurological evaluations were performed with the modified Neurological Severity Score before being killed. Then, the mice were killed on the first or the third day after TBI and histopathologic (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunofluorescent (Iba1, NLRP3, interleukin-1β, and CD3) findings of the brain tissues were examined. Nonparametric data were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was done for comparing two groups. The results are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. RESULTS The results showed that low doses of Dex suppress NLRP3 and interleukin-1β in both terms. Additionally, high doses of Dex cause a remarkable decrease in the migration and motility of microglial cells and T cells in the late phase following TBI. Interestingly, the immune cells were influenced by only high-dose Dex in the late phase of TBI and it also improves neurologic outcome in the same period. CONCLUSIONS In the mice head trauma model, different doses of Dex attenuate neuroinflammation by suppressing distinct components of the neuroinflammatory process in a different timecourse that contributes to neurologic recovery. These results suggest that Dex may be an appropriate choice for sedation and analgesia in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicle Karakaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Cakir-Aktas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sennur Uzun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Soylemezoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Mut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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13
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Huang T, Li Y, Hu W, Yu D, Gao J, Yang F, Xu Y, Wang Z, Zong L. Dexmedetomidine attenuates haemorrhage-induced thalamic pain by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/ERK1/2 pathway in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1751-1760. [PMID: 34643849 PMCID: PMC8643300 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalamic pain, a neuropathic pain syndrome, frequently occurs after stroke. This research aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on thalamic pain. METHODS The cellular localization of the TLR4 protein was determined by immunostaining. The expression of Iba1, GFAP and protein associated with the TLR4/NF-κB/ERK1/2 pathway was measured by Western blotting. Continuous pain hypersensitivity was evaluated by behavioural tests. The results were analysed by one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS The results demonstrated that DEX obviously alleviated thalamic pain induced by haemorrhage on the ipsilateral side and delayed the development of pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba1, GFAP and proteins associated with the TLR4/NF-κB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway were greatly increased in mice with thalamic pain, but these effects were reversed by DEX. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that DEX alleviates the inflammatory response during thalamic pain through the TLR4/NF-κB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway and might be a potential therapeutic agent for thalamic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated with Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated with Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, No. 502 Changxing Middle Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated with Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated with Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhi People's Hospital, Shanxi, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Yizheng People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, No. 61 Dongyuan South Road, Yangzhou, 211400, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heji Hospital Affiliated To Changzhi Medical College, No. 271 Taihang East Road, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, No. 502 Changxing Middle Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhi People's Hospital, Shanxi, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liu YB, Liu WF, Chen WC, Li W, Lin YL, Xu CJ, He HF. Dexmedetomidine alleviates traumatic spinal cord injury in rats via inhibiting apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neurol Res 2021; 44:275-284. [PMID: 34533101 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1979750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and to evaluate the involvement of inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in the potential mechanism. METHOD Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. The hind limb locomotor function of rats was evaluated at 1, 3 and 7 days after the operation. At 7 days after the operation, spinal cord specimens were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Nissl and TUNEL staining, as well as immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses to detect the level of apoptosis and the levels of proteins related to ER stress. RESULTS 7 days after the operation, Dex treatment promoted the recovery and also inhibited apoptosis of neurons in the spinal cord. Additionally, Dexinhibited the expression of proteins related to ER stress response after spinal cord injury. CONCLUSIONS Dex improves the neurological function of rats with TSCI and reduces apoptosis of spinal cord neurons. The potential mechanism is related to the inhibition of the ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of ICU, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China**
| | - Yan-Ling Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chong-Jun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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15
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Liu W, Shao C, Zang C, Sun J, Xu M, Wang Y. Protective effects of dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the microRNA-214/ROCK1/NF-κB axis. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:203. [PMID: 34399695 PMCID: PMC8365892 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complication of surgical procedure associated with high mortality. The protective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on CIRI has been explored in previous works, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our study explored the protective effect of DEX and its regulatory mechanism on CIRI. METHODS A CIRI rat model was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological deficit scores for rats received MCAO modeling or DEX treatment were measured. Cerebral infarction area of rats was detected by TTC staining, while damage of neurons in hippocampal regions of rats was determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Apoptosis rate of neurons in hippocampal regions was examined by TUNEL staining. The dual-luciferase assay was performed to detect the binding of microRNA-214 (miR-214) to Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1). RESULTS DEX treatment significantly reduced infarction area of MCAO rats and elevated miR-214 expression. Injection of miR-214 inhibitor attenuated the effect of DEX in MCAO rats by increasing the area of cerebral infarction in rats and apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons. ROCK1 was targeted and negatively regulated by miR-214. The overexpression of ROCK1 led to activation of NF-κB to aggravate CIRI. CONCLUSION Therapeutic effects of DEX on CIRI was elicited by overexpressing miR-214 and impairing ROCK1 expression and NF-κB activation. Our finding might provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of DEX in rats with CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology|, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Cuihua Shao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuanshan Zang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology|, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuna Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology|, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
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16
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Li J, Li H, Cai S, Bai S, Cai H, Zhang X. CD157 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mediates mitochondrial production and transfer to improve neuronal apoptosis and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:289. [PMID: 34001228 PMCID: PMC8127190 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies demonstrated that autologous mitochondria derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) might be valuable in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer from BMSCs to injured neurons are not fully understood. Methods We modified BMSCs by CD157, a cell surface molecule as a potential regulator mitochondria transfer, then transplanted to SCI rats and co-cultured with OGD injured VSC4.1 motor neuron. We detected extracellular mitochondrial particles derived from BMSCs by transmission electron microscope and measured the CD157/cyclic ADP-ribose signaling pathway-related protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assay. The CD157 ADPR-cyclase activity and Fluo-4 AM was used to detect the Ca2+ signal. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was analyzed by GraphPad Prism 6 software. Unpaired t-test was used for the analysis of two groups. Multiple comparisons were evaluated by one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA. Results CD157 on BMSCs was upregulated when co-cultured with injured VSC4.1 motor neurons. Upregulation of CD157 on BMSCs could raise the transfer extracellular mitochondria particles to VSC4.1 motor neurons, gradually regenerate the axon of VSC4.1 motor neuron and reduce the cell apoptosis. Transplantation of CD157-modified BMSCs at the injured sites could significantly improve the functional recovery, axon regeneration, and neuron apoptosis in SCI rats. The level of Ca2+ in CD157-modified BMSCs dramatically increased when objected to high concentration cADPR, ATP content, and MMP of BMSCs also increased. Conclusion The present results suggested that CD157 can regulate the production and transfer of BMSC-derived extracellular mitochondrial particles, enriching the mechanism of the extracellular mitochondrial transfer in BMSCs transplantation and providing a novel strategy to improve the stem cell treatment on SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heyangzi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Simin Cai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Taizhou University; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huabo Cai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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17
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Jiang Y, Xia M, Xu J, Huang Q, Dai Z, Zhang X. Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary edema through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) via the PI3K/Akt/Nedd4-2 pathway in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Immunol Res 2021; 69:162-175. [PMID: 33641076 PMCID: PMC8106593 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor (α2AR) agonist, has an anti-inflammatory property and can alleviate pulmonary edema in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effect of Dex on alveolar epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the modulation of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and the underlying mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce acute lung injury (ALI) in rats and alveolar epithelial cell injury in A549 cells. In vivo, Dex markedly reduced pulmonary edema induced by LPS through promoting AFC, prevented LPS-induced downregulation of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC expression, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, reduced the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased concentrations of IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In A549 cells stimulated with LPS, Dex attenuated LPS-mediated cell injury and the downregulation of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC expression. However, all of these effects were blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, suggesting that the protective role of Dex is PI3K-dependent. Additionally, Dex increased the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2, while LY294002 reversed the effect of Dex in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, a PI3K agonists, promoted the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2 in LPS-stimulated A549 cells, indicating that Dex worked through PI3K, and Akt and Nedd4-2 are downstream of PI3K. In conclusion, Dex alleviates pulmonary edema by suppressing inflammatory response in LPS-induced ALI, and the mechanism is partly related to the upregulation of ENaC expression via the PI3K/Akt/Nedd4-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The Fist Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- Hubei Community Health Service Center, Luohu Hospital Group, Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The Fist Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The Fist Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhongliang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The Fist Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The Fist Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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18
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Yang X, Zhang X, Ma Y, Wang Z, Huang K, Liu G, Shen K, Zhu G, Wang T, Lv S, Zhang C, Yang H, Liu S. Abnormal Rat Cortical Development Induced by Ventricular Injection of rHMGB1 Mimics the Pathophysiology of Human Cortical Dysplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634405. [PMID: 33748118 PMCID: PMC7969805 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical dysplasia (CD) is a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy. Increasing studies have implicated innate immunity in CD with epilepsy. However, it is unclear whether innate immune factors induce epileptogenic CD. Here, we injected recombinant human high mobility group box 1 (rHMGB1) into embryonic rat ventricles to determine whether rHMGB1 can induce epileptogenic CD with pathophysiological characteristics similar to those of human CD. Compared with controls and 0.1 μg rHMGB1-treated rats, the cortical organization was severely disrupted in the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats, and microgyria and heterotopia also emerged; additionally, disoriented and deformed neurons were observed in the cortical lesions and heterotopias. Subcortical heterotopia appeared in the white matter and the gray–white junction of the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats. Moreover, there was decreased number of neurons in layer V–VI and an increased number of astrocytes in layer I and V of the cortical lesions. And the HMGB1 antagonist dexmedetomidine alleviated the changes induced by rHMGB1. Further, we found that TLR4 and NF-κB were increased after rHMGB1 administration. In addition, the excitatory receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1), 2A (NR2A), and 2B (NR2B) immunoreactivity were increased, and immunoreactivity of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) and 2 (EAAT2) were reduced in 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats compared with controls. While there were no differences in the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD65/67) immunoreactivity between the two groups. These results indicate that the excitation of cortical lesions was significantly increased. Furthermore, electroencephalogram (EEG) showed a shorter latency of seizure onset and a higher incidence of status epilepticus in the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats; the frequency and amplitude of EEG were higher in the treated rats than controls. Intriguingly, spontaneous electrographic seizure discharges were detected in the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats after 5 months of age, and spike-wave discharges of approximately 8 Hz were the most significantly increased synchronous propagated waves throughout the general brain cortex. Taken together, these findings indicate that rHMGB1 exposure during pregnancy could contribute to the development of epileptogenic CD, which mimicked some pathophysiological characteristics of human CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanshi Ma
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital, Zhaotong, China
| | - Zhongke Wang
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixuan Huang
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guolong Liu
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifeng Shen
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengqing Lv
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- National Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Song WY, Ding H, Dunn T, Gao JL, Labastida JA, Schlagal C, Ning GZ, Feng SQ, Wu P. Low-dose metformin treatment in the subacute phase improves the locomotor function of a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2234-2242. [PMID: 33818507 PMCID: PMC8354108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug for type-2 diabetes, has been shown to improve locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. However, there are studies reporting no beneficial effect. Recently, we found that high dose of metformin (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and acute phase administration (immediately after injury) led to increased mortality and limited locomotor function recovery. Consequently, we used a lower dose (100 mg/kg, i.p.) metformin in mice, and compared the effect of immediate administration after spinal cord injury (acute phase) with that of administration at 3 days post-injury (subacute phase). Our data showed that metformin treatment starting at the subacute phase significantly improved mouse locomotor function evaluated by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scoring. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed significant inhibitions of microglia/macrophage activation and astrogliosis at the lesion site. Furthermore, metformin treatment at the subacute phase reduced neutrophil infiltration. These changes were in parallel with the increased survival rate of spinal neurons in animals treated with metformin. These findings suggest that low-dose metformin treatment for subacute spinal cord injury can effectively improve the functional recovery possibly through anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. This study was approved by the Institute Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Texas Medical Branch (approval No. 1008041C) in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ye Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiffany Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Ling Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Javier Allende Labastida
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin Schlagal
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Guang-Zhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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Zhai W, Yang L, Sun P, Li Y, Han J, Wang G. Effect of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic changes and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing off-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:250. [PMID: 33178348 PMCID: PMC7651881 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic changes and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). A total of 300 patients about to receive OPCABG were randomized evenly into the control group (n=116) and study group (n=123). Intravenous dexmedetomidine pump infusion was administered to patients in the study group at a rate of 0.4 µg.kg-1.h-1. The control group received physiological saline at the same infusion speed. Changes in hemodynamic parameters and inflammatory indices were compared between the two groups. Hemodynamic parameters, such as the heart rate and mean arterial pressure, were lower in patients from the study group, compared with that in the control group (both P<0.05). The levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein, were also reduced in the study group (P<0.05). The observed levels of IL-10 were lower in the control group compared with that in the study group, although a statistically significant difference was not achieved. Thus, the administration of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing OPCABG stabilized hemodynamics and reduced inflammation. The present study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, under the trial registration number ChiCTR-OOC-15005978 (2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhai
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Lieming Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jiange Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Li T, Liu T, Chen X, Li L, Feng M, Zhang Y, Wan L, Zhang C, Yao W. Microglia induce the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes via the CXCR7/PI3K/Akt pathway in chronic post-surgical pain. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:211. [PMID: 32665021 PMCID: PMC7362409 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated astrocytes play important roles in chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP). Recent studies have shown reactive astrocytes are classified into A1 and A2 phenotypes, but their precise roles in CPSP remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of spinal cord A1 and A2 astrocytes and related mechanisms in CPSP. Methods We used a skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) model to establish a rat CPSP model. Microglia, CXCR7, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways were regulated by intrathecal injections of minocycline (a non-specific microglial inhibitor), AMD3100 (a CXCR7 agonist), and LY294002 (a specific PI3K inhibitor), respectively. Mechanical allodynia was detected with von Frey filaments. The changes in microglia, A1 astrocytes, A2 astrocytes, CXCR7, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results Microglia were found to be activated, with an increase in interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and complement component 1q (C1q) in the spinal cord at an early stage after SMIR. On day 14 after SMIR, spinal cord astrocytes were also activated; these were mainly of the A1 phenotype and less of the A2 phenotype. Intrathecal injection of minocycline relieved SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia and reverted the ratio of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes. The expression of CXCR7 and PI3K/Akt signaling was decreased after SMIR, while they were increased after treatment with minocycline. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of AMD3100 also relieved SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia, reverted the ratio of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes, and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, similar to the effects produced by minocycline. However, intrathecal injection of AMD3100 did not increase the analgesic effect of minocycline. Last, LY294002 inhibited the analgesic effect and A1/A2 transformation induced by minocycline and AMD3100 after SMIR. Conclusion Our results indicated that microglia induce the transformation of astrocytes to the A1 phenotype in the spinal cord via downregulation of the CXCR7/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during CPSP. Reverting A1 reactive astrocytes to A2 may represent a new strategy for preventing CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Rao Y, Zeng R, Jiang X, Li J, Wang X. The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Emergence Agitation or Delirium in Children After Anesthesia-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:329. [PMID: 32766178 PMCID: PMC7381209 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the clinical effect of dexmedetomidine in preventing pediatric emergence agitation (EA) or delirium (ED) following anesthesia compared with placebo or other sedatives. Methods: The databases of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched until 8th January 2020. Inclusion criteria were participants with age<18 years and studies of comparison between dexmedetomidine and placebo or other sedatives. Exclusion criteria included adult studies; duplicate publications; management with dexmedetomidine alone; review or meta-analysis; basic research; article published as abstract, letter, case report, editorial, note, method, or protocol; and article presented in non-English language. Results: Fifty-eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five case-control trials (CCTs) including 7,714 patients were included. The results showed that dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the incidence of post-anesthesia EA or ED compared with placebo [OR = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.16, 0.32), I 2 = 75, P < 0.00001], midazolam [OR = 0.36, 95% CI: (0.21, 0.63), I 2 = 57, P = 0.0003], and opioids [OR = 0.55, 95% CI: (0.33, 0.91), I 2 = 0, P = 0.02], whereas the significant difference was not exhibited compared with propofol (or pentobarbital) [OR = 0.56, 95% CI: (0.15, 2.14), I 2 = 58, P = 0.39], ketamine [OR = 0.43, 95% CI: (0.19, 1.00), I 2 = 0, P = 0.05], clonidine [OR = 0.54, 95% CI: (0.20, 1.45), P = 0.22], chloral hydrate [OR = 0.98, 95% CI: (0.26, 3.78), P = 0.98], melatonin [OR = 1.0, 95% CI: (0.13, 7.72), P = 1.00], and ketofol [OR = 0.55, 95% CI: (0.16, 1.93), P = 0.35]. Conclusion: Compared with placebo, midazolam, and opioids, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the incidence of post-anesthesia EA or ED in pediatric patients. However, dexmedetomidine did not exhibit this superiority compared with propofol and ketamine. With regard to clonidine, chloral hydrate, melatonin, and ketofol, the results needed to be further tested due to the fact that only one trial was included for each control drug.
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Organ-Protective Effects and the Underlying Mechanism of Dexmedetomidine. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6136105. [PMID: 32454792 PMCID: PMC7232715 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6136105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor (α2AR) agonist currently used in clinical settings. Because DEX has dose-dependent advantages of sedation, analgesia, antianxiety, inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiovascular stabilization, and significant reduction of postoperative delirium and agitation, but does not produce respiratory depression and agitation, it is widely used in clinical anesthesia and ICU departments. In recent years, much clinical study and basic research has confirmed that DEX has a protective effect on a variety of organs, including the nervous system, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and small intestine. It acts by reducing the inflammatory response in these organs, activating antiapoptotic signaling pathways which protect cells from damage. Therefore, based on wide clinical application and safety, DEX may become a promising clinical multiorgan protection drug in the future. In this article, we review the physiological effects related to organ protection in α2AR agonists along with the organ-protective effects and mechanisms of DEX to understand their combined application value.
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Lidocaine Alleviates Neuropathic Pain and Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting HMGB1 Expression to Mediate MIP-1α/CCR1 Pathway. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:318-333. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Therapeutic Effects of Minocycline Pretreatment in the Locomotor and Sensory Complications of Spinal Cord Injury in an Animal Model. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1064-1072. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhai Y, Zhu Y, Liu J, Xie K, Yu J, Yu L, Deng H. Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Protein B1 Group (HMGB1)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918617. [PMID: 31912804 PMCID: PMC6977611 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pivotal cause of deaths due to cerebrovascular accident. Increased research efforts are needed to reveal the mechanism underlying its aggravation or alleviation. In this study, the effects of dexmedetomidine post-conditioning on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats was explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety rats were randomly divided into 5 groups - a sham group (Sham), a model group (I/R), a dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group (Dex), a recombinant high mobility group protein B1 group (rHMGB1), and a recombinant HMGB1+dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group (rHMGB1+Dex) - with 18 rats in each group. Longa grading, wet-dry weighing, TTC staining, HE staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess brain damage. ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot analyses were performed to assess expression of IL-1ß, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-kappaB. RESULTS Compared with the I/R group, the neurological function score, brain water content, infarction area, and the number of COX-2- and IBA-1-positive cells in the Dex group were significantly lower, accompanied by downregulated expression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, alleviated inflammation, and oxidative stress injury in brain tissue. These trends were mostly reversed in the rHMGB1 group and rHMGB1+Dex group, but not in the Dex group. Furthermore, when compared to the Dex group, there were significant increases of H₂O₂, MDA, NO, IL-1ß, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, HMGB1, TLR4, and p-P65 in the rHMGB1 group and rHMGB1+Dex group, in which a significant decrease of T-AOC, SOD, and p-IkappaBalpha was also detected. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Zhai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lingzhi Yu
- Department of Pain, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Haiyang People's Hospital, Haiyang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Kang L, Yayi H, Fang Z, Bo Z, Zhongyuan X. Dexmedetomidine attenuates P2X4 and NLRP3 expression in the spine of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201901105. [PMID: 31859818 PMCID: PMC6917476 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190110000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) on spinal pathology and inflammatory factor in a rat model of Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Methods: The rats were divided into 3 groups (eight in each group): normal group (N group), diabetic neuropathic pain model group (DNP group), and DNP model with dexmedetomidine (Dex group). The rat model of diabetes was established with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Nerve cell ultrastructure was evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) tests documented that DNP rat model was characterized by a decreased pain threshold and nerve conduction velocity. Results: Dex restored the phenotype of neurocytes, reduced the extent of demyelination and improved MWT and MNCV of DNP-treated rats (P=0.01, P=0.038, respectively). The expression of three pain-and inflammation-associated factors (P2X4, NLRP3, and IL-IP) was significantly upregulated at the protein level in DNP rats, and this change was reversed by Dex administration (P=0.0022, P=0.0092, P=0.0028, respectively). Conclusion: The P2X4/NLRP3 signaling pathway is implicated in the development and presence of DNP in vivo, and Dex protects from this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Kang
- PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Huang Yayi
- PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Acquisition of data, critical revision
| | - Zhou Fang
- PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Acquisition of data, critical revision
| | - Zhao Bo
- PhD, Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Acquisition of data
| | - Xia Zhongyuan
- PhD, Full Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Design and supervised all phases of the study, critical revision
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Fan H, Tang HB, Shan LQ, Liu SC, Huang DG, Chen X, Chen Z, Yang M, Yin XH, Yang H, Hao DJ. Quercetin prevents necroptosis of oligodendrocytes by inhibiting macrophages/microglia polarization to M1 phenotype after spinal cord injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:206. [PMID: 31699098 PMCID: PMC6839267 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oligodendrocytes (OLs) death after spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to demyelination, even leading to a permanent neurological deficit. Besides apoptosis, our previous study demonstrated that OLs underwent receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3(RIP3)/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis. Considering that necroptosis is always accompanied with pro-inflammatory response and quercetin has long been used as anti-inflammatory agent, in the present study we investigated whether quercetin could inhibit necroptosis of OLs and suppress the M1 macrophages/microglia-mediated immune response after SCI as well as the possible mechanism. Methods In this study, we applied quercetin, an important flavonoid component of various herbs, to treat rats with SCI and rats injected with saline were employed as the control group. Locomotor functional recovery was evaluated using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and rump-height Index (RHI) assay. In vivo, the necroptosis, apoptosis, and regeneration of OLs were detected by immunohistochemistry, 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. The loss of myelin and axons after SCI were evaluated by Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopic study. The polarization of macrophages/microglia after SCI and the underlying mechanisms were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level examination, propidium iodide (PI) labeling, and Western blotting were used to analyze the necroptosis of cultured OLs, while the signaling pathways-mediated polarization of cultured macrophages/microglia was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results We demonstrated that quercetin treatment improved functional recovery in rats after SCI. We then found that quercetin significantly reduced necroptosis of OLs after SCI without influencing apoptosis and regeneration of OLs. Meanwhile, myelin loss and axon loss were also significantly reduced in quercetin-treated rats, as compared to SCI + saline control. Further, we revealed that quercetin could suppress macrophages/microglia polarized to M1 phenotype through inhibition of STAT1 and NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro, which contributes to the decreased necroptosis of OLs. Conclusions Quercetin treatment alleviated necroptosis of OLs partially by inhibiting M1 macrophages/microglia polarization after SCI. Our findings suggest that necroptosis of OLs may be a potential therapeutic target for clinical SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fan
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Bin Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 161 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le-Qun Shan
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Chang Liu
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da-Geng Huang
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Hua Yin
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ding-Jun Hao
- Shaanxi Spine Medicine Research Center, Translational Medicine Center, Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 You Yi Dong Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao L, Zhai M, Yang X, Guo H, Cao Y, Wang D, Li P, Liu C. Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuronal injury after spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury by targeting the CNPY2-endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8173-8183. [PMID: 31625681 PMCID: PMC6850922 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been proven to exert protective effects on multiple organs in response to ischaemia-reperfusion injury, but the specific mechanism by which this occurs has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Dex attenuates spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Our team established a model of SCIRI and utilized the endoplasmic reticulum agonist thapsigargin. Dex (25 g/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before spinal cord ischaemia. After 45 minutes of ischaemia, the spinal cord was reperfused for 24 hours. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Dex on SCIRI, neurological function scores were assessed in rats and apoptosis of spinal cord cells was determined by TUNEL staining. To determine whether the endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis pathway CNPY2-PERK was involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of Dex, the expression levels of related proteins (CNPY2, GRP78, PERK, CHOP, caspase-12, caspase-9 and caspase-3) were detected by western blot analysis and RT-PCR. We observed that Dex significantly increased the neurological function scores after SCIRI and decreased apoptosis of spinal cord cells. The expression of ERS-related apoptosis proteins was significantly increased by SCIRI but was significantly decreased in response to Dex administration. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that Dex may attenuate SCIRI by inhibiting the CNPY2-ERS apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meili Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of human development and reproductive regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of medicine, Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Gao J, Sun Z, Xiao Z, Du Q, Niu X, Wang G, Chang YW, Sun Y, Sun W, Lin A, Bresnahan JC, Maze M, Beattie MS, Pan JZ. Dexmedetomidine modulates neuroinflammation and improves outcome via alpha2-adrenergic receptor signaling after rat spinal cord injury. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:827-838. [PMID: 31623841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury induces inflammatory responses that include the release of cytokines and the recruitment and activation of macrophages and microglia. Neuroinflammation at the lesion site contributes to secondary tissue injury and permanent locomotor dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in both preclinical and clinical trials. We investigated the effect of DEX on the microglial response, and histological and neurological outcomes in a rat model of cervical spinal cord injury. METHODS Anaesthetised rats underwent unilateral (right) C5 spinal cord contusion (75 kdyne) using an impactor device. The locomotor function, injury size, and inflammatory responses were assessed. The effect of DEX was also studied in a microglial cell culture model. RESULTS DEX significantly improved the ipsilateral upper-limb motor dysfunction (grooming and paw placement; P<0.0001 and P=0.0012), decreased the injury size (P<0.05), spared white matter (P<0.05), and reduced the number of activated macrophages (P<0.05) at the injury site 4 weeks post-SCI. In DEX-treated rats after injury, tissue RNA expression indicated a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g. interleukin [IL]-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD11b) and an upregulation of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving M2 responses (e.g. IL-4, arginase-1, and CD206) (P<0.05). In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultured microglia, DEX produced a similar inflammation-modulatory effect as was seen in spinal cord injury. The benefits of DEX on these outcomes were mostly reversed by an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS DEX significantly improves neurological outcomes and decreases tissue damage after spinal cord injury, which is associated with modulation of neuroinflammation and is partially mediated via α2-adrenergic receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Gao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Xiao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qihang Du
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhuan Niu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Wen Chang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yongtao Sun
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Amity Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Bresnahan
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Beattie
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Z Pan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Liu J, Huang X, Hu S, He H, Meng Z. Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in rats by inhibition of caveolin-1 downstream signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Zi SF, Li JH, Liu L, Deng C, Ao X, Chen DD, Wu SZ. Dexmedetomidine-mediated protection against septic liver injury depends on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling downregulation partly via cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105898. [PMID: 31520992 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled inflammatory responses exacerbate the pathogenesis of septic acute liver injury (ALI), posing a lethal threat to the host. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to possess protective properties in inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether DEX pretreatment exhibits hepatoprotection against ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats and determine its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS Septic ALI was induced by intravenous injection of LPS. The rats received DEX intraperitoneally 30 min before LPS administration. α-Bungarotoxin (α-BGT), a specific α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) antagonist, was administered intraperitoneally 1 h before LPS exposure. The role of the vagus nerve was verified by performing unilateral cervical vagotomy or sham surgery before sepsis. RESULTS The expression of α7nAChR, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and cleaved caspase-3 increased, peaking 24 h during sepsis. DEX enhanced α7nAChR activation and reduced TLR4 expression upon challenge with LPS. DEX significantly prevented LPS-induced ALI, which was associated with increased survival, the mitigation of pathological changes, the attenuation of inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis, and the downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the hepatoprotective effect of DEX was abolished by α-BGT. Further investigation established that vagotomy, compared to sham surgery, triggered more severe pathogenic manifestations and higher proinflammatory cytokine levels. The inhibitory effects of DEX were shown in sham-operated rats but not in vagotomized rats. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the pivotal function of α7nAChR and intact vagus nerves in protecting against LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway upon pretreatment with DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Feng Zi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Jing-Hui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Xue Ao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Sheng-Zan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
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Dexmedetomidine Prevents Cognitive Decline by Enhancing Resolution of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein-induced Inflammation through a Vagomimetic Action in Mice. Anesthesiology 2019; 128:921-931. [PMID: 29252509 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation initiated by damage-associated molecular patterns has been implicated for the cognitive decline associated with surgical trauma and serious illness. We determined whether resolution of inflammation mediates dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of damage-associated molecular pattern-induced cognitive decline. METHODS Cognitive decline (assessed by trace fear conditioning) was induced with high molecular group box 1 protein, a damage-associated molecular pattern, in mice that also received blockers of neural (vagal) and humoral inflammation-resolving pathways. Systemic and neuroinflammation was assessed by proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Damage-associated molecular pattern-induced cognitive decline and inflammation (mean ± SD) was reversed by dexmedetomidine (trace fear conditioning: 58.77 ± 8.69% vs. 41.45 ± 7.64%, P < 0.0001; plasma interleukin [IL]-1β: 7.0 ± 2.2 pg/ml vs. 49.8 ± 6.0 pg/ml, P < 0.0001; plasma IL-6: 3.2 ± 1.6 pg/ml vs. 19.5 ± 1.7 pg/ml, P < 0.0001; hippocampal IL-1β: 4.1 ± 3.0 pg/mg vs. 41.6 ± 8.0 pg/mg, P < 0.0001; hippocampal IL-6: 3.4 ± 1.3 pg/mg vs. 16.2 ± 2.7 pg/mg, P < 0.0001). Reversal by dexmedetomidine was prevented by blockade of vagomimetic imidazoline and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but not by α2 adrenoceptor blockade. Netrin-1, the orchestrator of inflammation-resolution, was upregulated (fold-change) by dexmedetomidine (lung: 1.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.0001; spleen: 1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2, P < 0.0001), resulting in upregulation of proresolving (lipoxin-A4: 1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2, P < 0.0001) and downregulation of proinflammatory (leukotriene-B4: 1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 3.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.0001) humoral mediators that was prevented by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockade. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine resolves inflammation through vagomimetic (neural) and humoral pathways, thereby preventing damage-associated molecular pattern-mediated cognitive decline.
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Niu Y, Xia X, Song P, Fang H, Dong F, Tao H, Yang C, Shen C. Bone mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium attenuates the effect of oxidative stress injury on NSCs by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1267-1275. [PMID: 30839137 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells on spinal cord injury (SCI), especially on neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the predominant mechanisms of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are unclear. Recently, some researchers have found that paracrine signaling plays a key role in the therapeutic capacity of BMSCs and emphasized that the protective effect of BMSCs may be due to paracrine factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of BMSCs to protect NSCs. NSCs were identified by immunocytochemistry. The oxidative stress environment was simulated by H2 O2 (50, 100, 200 μM) for 2 h. The apoptotic rate of the NSCs was detected via flow cytometry. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated via corresponding assay kits. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Notch1, HES1, caspase-3, cleave caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. We found that H2 O2 could significantly induce the apoptosis of NSCs, increase LDH, MDA levels, and decrease SOD activity by activating the Notch1 signaling pathway. DAPT (the specific blocker of Notch1) and BMSC-conditioned medium (BMSC-CM) could significantly prevent the apoptotic effect and oxidative stress injury on NSCs that were treated with H2 O2 . We also revealed that BMSC-CM could decrease the expression of Notch1, Hes1, cleave caspase-3, Bax, and increases the expression of Bcl-2 in NSCs, which was induced by H2 O2 . These results have revealed that BMSC-CM can neutralize the effect against oxidative stress injury on the apoptosis of NSCs by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Niu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, China
| | - Xiang Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, LUAN Affiliated Houspital of AnHui Medical University, No. 21 Wanxi Road, Jinan District, Luan, Anhui Province, 237005, China
| | - PeiWen Song
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, China
| | - FuLong Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department Emergency Surgery, ANHUI No. 2 Provincial People's Housptial, No.1868 Tangshan Road, Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230001, China
| | - CaiLiang Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230031, China
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Ha Sen Ta Na, Nuo M, Meng QT, Xia ZY. The Pathway of Let-7a-1/2-3p and HMGB1 Mediated Dexmedetomidine Inhibiting Microglia Activation in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:106-114. [PMID: 31190218 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cell activation after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) commonly causes the secondary nerve motion function injury. This study aims to study the mechanism by which the drug dexmedetomidine (DEX) inhibits microglial cell activation and improves motion function of SCIRI mice. Mice SCIRI model was established, and microglia from spinal cord were isolated and cultured for subsequent molecule analysis of let-7a-1-3p, let-7a-2-3p, HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-6. DEX was given by intraperitoneal injection. Mice motion function was evaluated by Basso mouse score. In vitro microglial cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to imitate ischemia-reperfusion injury stimulation. DEX injection improves the mouse motion function in SCIRI model and upregulates let-7a-1/2-3p expression in the isolated activated microglia from SCIRI mice. In OGD/R-stimulated microglia, DEX treatment also caused the inactivation of cells, the upregulation of let-7a-1/2-3p expression, and the downregulation of HMGB1 expression. While the co-silencing of let-7a-1/2-3p in microglia in addition to DEX treatment restored the activation of microglia. HMGB1 is a targeted gene for let-7a-1/2-3p and negatively regulated by them. HMGB1 knockdown abrogates the pro-activation impact on microglial cell by let-7a-1/2-3p silencing. DEX inhibits the activation of microglial cell in the spinal cord of SCIRI mice, mediated by the let-7a-1/2-3p/HMGB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Sen Ta Na
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Nuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Ameliorates Inflammation and Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Damage After Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Down-Regulation High Mobility Group Box 1-Toll-Like Receptor 4-Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathway. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E74-E81. [PMID: 29975331 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN To evaluate the effect of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the inflammatory response and the integrity of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI). OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Dex in spinal cord I/R, particularly in the high mobility group box 1-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor κB (HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB) pathway and the integrity of BSCB. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been identified as a key mediator for the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury. Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling pathway is the downstream of HMGB1. Dex preconditioning could protect the spinal cord from I/R injury by inhibiting HMGB1 and stabilizing the integrity of BSCB. But its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. METHODS Forty-eight male Japanese white rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (16 rabbits/group): sham, I/R, and Dex + I/R. The hind-limb motor function was assessed at 12 hours intervals for 48 hours after reperfusion using the modified Tarlov scale score. The expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The permeability of BSCB was examined via Evans blue (EB) extravasation. RESULTS Compared with sham group, spinal cord I/R increased the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and TNF-α as well as the permeability of BSCB (P < 0.05). Spinal cord I/R induced the decline of the score of hind-limb motor function (P < 0.01). Preconditioning with Dex attenuated the up-regulation of the express of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and stabilized the permeability of BSCB (P < 0.05). Dex preconditioning also improved the hiatopathological outcome and the motor function (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Dex preconditioning may inhibit the inflammatory response and stabilize the integrity of BSCB at least partially by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway to protect spinal cord from ischemia/reperfusion injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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He H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Zhuang J, He X, Wang S, Lin W. Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation through Upregulation of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2591-2603. [PMID: 29665726 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhuang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Bo LJ, Yu PX, Zhang FZ, Dong ZM. Dexmedetomidine mitigates sevoflurane-induced cell cycle arrest in hippocampus. J Anesth 2018; 32:717-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Spinal PKC activation — Induced neuronal HMGB1 translocation contributes to hyperalgesia in a bone cancer pain model in rats. Exp Neurol 2018; 303:80-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cheng X, Hu J, Wang Y, Ye H, Li X, Gao Q, Li Z. Effects of Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats: Role of the PI3K/Akt-Dependent Signaling Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:3071959. [PMID: 30402501 PMCID: PMC6196799 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3071959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to determine whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) exerts cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in diabetic hearts and the mechanisms involved. METHODS A total of 30 diabetic rats induced by high-glucose-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) were randomly assigned to five groups: diabetic sham-operated group (DM-S), diabetic I/R group (DM-I/R), diabetic DEX group (DM-D), diabetic DEX + Wort group (DM-DW), and diabetic Wort group (DM-W). Another 12 age-matched male normal SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham-operated group (S) and I/R group (I/R). All rats were subjected to 30 min myocardial ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion except sham groups. Plasmas were collected to measure the malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at the end of reperfusion. Pathologic changes in myocardial tissues were observed by H-E staining. The total and phosphorylated form of Akt and GSK-3β protein expressions were measured by western blot. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax at mRNA level was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS DEX significantly reduced plasma CK-MB, MDA concentration, and LDH level and increased SOD activity caused by I/R. The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β was increased, Bcl-2 mRNA and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, and Bax mRNA was decreased in the DEX group as compared to the I/R group, while posttreatment with Wort attenuated the effects induced by DEX. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that DEX postconditioning may increase the phosphorylation of GSK-3β by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and may inhibit apoptosis and oxidative stress of the myocardium, thus exerting protective effects in diabetic rat hearts suffering from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Hongwei Ye
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
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41
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Nie B, Zhang S, Huang Z, Huang J, Chen X, Zheng Y, Bai X, Zeng W, Ouyang H. Synergistic Interaction Between Dexmedetomidine and Ulinastatin Against Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1354-1364. [PMID: 28690001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrotubulin chemotherapeutic agents such as vincristine (VCR), often induce peripheral neuropathic pain. It is usually permanent and seriously harmful to cancer patients' quality of life and can result in the hampering of clinical treatments. Currently, there is no definitive therapy, and many of the drugs approved for the treatment of other neuropathic pain have shown little or no analgesic effect. It is therefore vital to find new and novel therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from chemotherapeutic agent-induced neuropathic pain to improve patients' quality of life. This study shows that intrathecal injections of dexmedetomidine (DEX), or intraperitoneally administered ulinastatin (UTI) significantly reduces Sprague Dawley rats' mechanical allodynia induced by VCR via upregulation of interleukin-10 expression and activating the α2-adrenergic receptor in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Moreover, when combined there is a synergistic interaction between DEX and UTI, which acts against VCR-induced neuropathic pain. This synergistic interaction between DEX and UTI may be partly attributed to a common analgesic pathway in which the upregulation of interleukin -10 plays an important role via activating α2-adrenergic receptor in rat dorsal root ganglion. The combined use of DEX and UTI does not affect the rat's blood pressure, heart rate, sedation, motor score, spatial learning, or memory function. All of these show that the combined use of DEX and UTI is an effective method in relieving VCR-induced neuropathic pain in rats. PERSPECTIVE This article documents the synergistic interaction between 2 widely used drugs, DEX and UTI, against VCR-induced neuropathic pain. The results provide a potential target and novel drug administrated method for the clinical treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilin Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Subo Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaochao Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handong Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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42
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Luo C, Ouyang MW, Fang YY, Li SJ, Zhou Q, Fan J, Qin ZS, Tao T. Dexmedetomidine Protects Mouse Brain from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Neuronal Autophagy through Up-Regulating HIF-1α. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:197. [PMID: 28729825 PMCID: PMC5498477 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death in China and produces a heavy socio-economic burden in the past decades. Previous studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (DEX) is neuroprotective after cerebral ischemia. However, the role of autophagy during DEX-mediated neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia is still unknown. In this study, we found that post-conditioning with DEX and DEX+3-methyladenine (3-MA) (autophagy inhibitor) reduced brain infarct size and improved neurological deficits compared with DEX+RAPA (autophagy inducer) 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in mice. DEX inhibited the neuronal autophagy in the peri-ischemic brain, and increased viability and decreased apoptosis of primary cultured neurons in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. DEX induced expression of Bcl-1 and p62, while reduced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 in primary cultured neurons through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Meanwhile, DEX promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) both in vivo and in vitro, and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an inhibitor of HIF-1α, could reverse DEX-induced autophagic inhibition. In conclusion, our study suggests that post-conditioning with DEX at the beginning of reperfusion protects mouse brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of neuronal autophagy by upregulation of HIF-1α, which provides a potential therapeutic treatment for acute ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ji Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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