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Chen B, Zhang J, Yu S, Yu NX. Trajectories and determinants of acute stress disorder during the COVID-19 centralized quarantine: A latent class growth analysis. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3351. [PMID: 38018760 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 centralized quarantine may cause acute stress disorder (ASD). However, it is unknown how individuals present heterogeneous ASD trajectories during the COVID-19 centralized quarantine and what factors contribute to these patterns. This study aimed to identify the ASD trajectories and their determinants during the centralized quarantine period, and the mediating effects of resilience on these associations. A longitudinal survey with three waves was conducted in a randomly selected quarantine hotel in Shenzhen, China from October to November 2020. A total of 273 participants completed online measures assessing ASD symptoms, Eysenck's personality constructs of extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism (P), and resilience on Day 1, and reported ASD symptoms on Days 7 and 14 during their 14-day centralized quarantine periods. Latent class growth analysis identified three trajectories: constantly high symptoms (CHS, 4.76%), decreasing symptoms (DS, 11.72%), and constantly low symptoms (CLS, 83.52%). The CHS and DS subgroups both reported lower E and higher N scores, but not P, compared with the CLS subgroup. Resilience mediated the effects of three personality constructs on ASD trajectories, except for the association between N and DS membership. Our study highlights the heterogeneity in stress responses to the COVID-19 centralized quarantine. The high-risk subgroup with persistent ASD symptoms was characterized by lower E and higher N. The resilience process accounted for the effects of personality in shaping distinct ASD trajectories. Our findings have implications to detect the populations vulnerable to ASD and provide insights for developing timely resilience enhancement intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxin Yu
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- The Second People's Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yu H, Huang W, Yang X, Yang H, Ma H, Zhang N. Longitudinal investigation of factors influencing mental health during centralized quarantine for COVID-19. Int Health 2024; 16:344-350. [PMID: 37584227 PMCID: PMC11062195 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centralized quarantine was applied in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The present study aimed to investigate changes in psychological status of isolated individuals before and after quarantine. METHODS Between August 2020 and July 2021, 648 participants completed the following psychometric evaluations before and after centralized quarantine: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder for anxiety, the Chinese version of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale for psychological resilience, the Chinese version of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire for coping style, Jiang's revised Chinese version of the Perceived Social Support Scale for social support and the Chinese version of the Impact of Events Scale for stress. RESULTS At the beginning of centralized quarantine, 83.2% (n=539) of participants had no depressive mood, 11% (n=71) had mild depressive mood and 5.8% (n=38) had moderate-severe depressive mood. At the end of quarantine, 80.8% (n=524) of participants had no depressive mood, 13% (n=84) had mild depressive mood and 6.2% (n=41) had moderate-severe depressive mood. At the beginning of the centralized quarantine, 86.7% (n=562) of participants had no anxiety, 9.6% (n=62) had mild anxiety and 3.7% (n=24) had moderate-severe anxiety. At the end of quarantine, 85.8% (n=556) of participants had no anxiety, 11.6% (n=75) had mild anxiety and 2.6% (n=17) had moderate-severe anxiety. After 2 weeks of centralized quarantine, anxiety (t=2.175, p<0.05), stress (t=7.453, p<0.01) and three stress subscale scores (p<0.01) decreased significantly; psychology resilience (t=-3.63, p<0.01), tenacity (t=-4.747, p<0.01), active coping style (t=-3.83, p<0.01) and support outside family (t=-3.07, p<0.05) all increased significantly. No significant change was observed in depression, strength, optimism, passive coping style or support inside family. Depression and anxiety scores associated significantly with resilience, stress, coping styles and social support scores. Anxiety (B=0.488, β=0.413, p<0.01), psychological resilience (B=-0.047, β=-0.203, p<0.01) and stress (B=1.475, β=0.167, p<0.1) scores before centralized quarantine were associated with depression after quarantine. Depression (B=0.323, β=0.422, p<0.01), psychological resilience (B=-0.022, β=-0.123, p<0.01) and stress (B=1.408, β=0.207, p<0.01) scores before quarantine also influenced anxiety levels after quarantine. A cross-lagged panel model indicated that depression, anxiety, resilience and stress scores at the first assessment were predictive of depression and anxiety levels at the second assessment. CONCLUSIONS Good mental health during centralized quarantine was associated with high scores of psychological resilience, impact of events, coping styles and social support and did not become worse in settings where adequate support was available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Manoharan A, Mohammad NM, Abdul Samad A, Hamid D, Abdullah ZA. Development and implementation of a community-based COVID-19 assessment centre in Selangor: A descriptive study. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2023; 18:33. [PMID: 37449278 PMCID: PMC10337599 DOI: 10.51866/oa.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction With the rising number of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia and the overwhelming strain on the tertiary healthcare system, home isolation has been introduced by the Ministry of Health Malaysia to reduce the admission of patients with mild COVID-19 to tertiary and low-risk quarantine centres. COVID-19 assessment centres (CACs) have been set up to provide initial assessment, triaging and monitoring of patients with COVID-19 prior to and during their home isolation. In this study, we aimed to share our experience in setting up CACs in Selangor, Malaysia. Method We described the steps taken in developing assessment tools and guidelines for assisting healthcare providers in safely monitoring patients with COVID-19 undergoing home isolation. Results A total of 26,826 patients were clinically assessed from 1 to 28 February 2021 in various CACs in the state. The majority of the cases seen in the CACs were under category (CAT) 1 and 2. Only 0.2% (n=53) of the cases were categorised as severe COVID-19 (CAT 3 and above). Conclusion CACs coordinated by primary care providers play an important role in triaging, assessing and monitoring patients with COVID-19 undergoing home isolation in the community. There needs to be a better partnership between various stakeholders and the private healthcare sector to improve the services. The usage of a pulse oximeter in home monitoring of all patients with COVID-19 in Selangor needs to be seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Manoharan
- MBBS (MAHE), MMed FamMed (UM), Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Botanik, Bandar Botanik, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mazlina Mohammad
- MBBS (UM), MMed FamMed (UKM), Klinik Kesihatan Kelana Jaya Jln SS6/3A, SS 6, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Azah Abdul Samad
- MD (UKM), MMed FamMed (UM), Klinik Kesihatan Seksyen 7 Shah, Alam 2, Persiaran Kayangan, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dalyana Hamid
- MBChB (Cardiff), MMedFamMed (UM), Klinik Kesihatan AU2, Jalan AU, 2A, Taman Keramat, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zil Azwan Abdullah
- LRCPSI BAO BCH (Ireland), MMed, FamMed (UKM), Klinik Kesihatan Pandamaran, Persiaran Raja Muda Musa, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Babili A, Nsanzimana S, Rwagasore E, Lester RT. SMS-based digital health intervention in Rwanda's home-based care program for remote management of COVID-19 cases and contacts: A qualitative study of sustainability and scalability. Front Digit Health 2023; 4:1071790. [PMID: 36714610 PMCID: PMC9879010 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.1071790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented global health challenges. Rwanda identified its first COVID-19 case on March 14, 2020 and subsequently introduced Home-Base Care (HBC) Program in August 2020 following community transmission of the virus and to alleviate logistical and financial strain on the healthcare system. Cases and contacts eligible for HBC were remotely supported by WelTel, an SMS-based mHealth intervention that was successfully implemented before for HIV epidemic in Rwanda. Enrolled cases and contacts were supported and monitored daily via their cell and/or mobile phones until they complete isolation/quarantine period. This study explored the rationale, perspectives, and experiences of key informants (KIs) during the implementation WelTel's mHealth tool for HBC in Rwanda. Methods Semi-structured one-on-one virtual interviews were conducted with KIs in this qualitative study. The KIs were classified into 2 major categories: (A) Senior staff including policymakers, directors, and senior managers; (B) Technical teams including case managers, and other staff supporting the implementation of WelTel (e.g., IT staff). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in NVivo. Thematic analysis was conducted using a hybrid approach. A topic guide was developed using the Modified Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and feedback from local stakeholders. Results 7 KIs were interviewed. Five themes emerged following thematic analysis including: SMS-Based mHealth for Home-Isolation; Facilitators for Intervention Adoption; Barriers for Intervention Adoption; Infection prevention and control for Home-Isolation; and SMS-Based mHealth for Future Pandemics and Epidemics. Based on interviews, strong political commitment and advanced digital infrastructure were major facilitators for adopting WelTel for HBC. A major barrier to adopting WelTel was identified as technical-based issues. This was followed by local communication culture. All participates agreed on the significance of using WelTel to improve access and adherence to infection prevention and control measures, understand transmission dynamics, and inform public health decision-making regarding HBC. Conclusions Rwanda successfully adopted WelTel for supporting and monitoring COVID-19 cases and contacts in home-isolation and the implementation was instrumental to the country's effort to manage the pandemic. Experiences and perspectives of cases and contacts enrolled into WelTel must be explored to understand the appropriateness and effectiveness of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaa Babili
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom,Correspondence: Abdulaa Babili
| | - Sabin Nsanzimana
- Central Administration, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Edson Rwagasore
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Richard T. Lester
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Prabhakar Abhilash KP, James RI, Paul HE, Murugesan M, Abraham DT, Christopher J, Valsan A, Mammen JJ, Rupali P, Jesudoss I, Selvan S, Mathews P, Peter JV. Effectiveness of a monitored home isolation program for COVID-19 infection during the second wave of the pandemic. Med J Armed Forces India 2022:S0377-1237(22)00119-8. [PMID: 36068859 PMCID: PMC9437766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapidity of spread of COVID-19 infection during the second wave of the pandemic placed tremendous stress on healthcare resources. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a monitored home isolation (HI) program. Methods In this descriptive longitudinal study, symptomatic patients were screened in the HI clinic and eligible patients were followed up at home using tele-consultation, until recovery or hospitalization. HI failure was defined as need for hospitalization. Factors associated with HI failure were assessed using logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results During April and May 2021, 1957 RT-PCR confirmed patients (984 male) with mean (SD) age 40 (13.5) years were enrolled; 93.3% (n = 1825) were successfully managed at home. Of the 132 patients (6.7%) who failed HI, 57 (43.2%) required oxygen therapy and 23 needed intensive care admissions. Overall mortality was 0.4% (7/1957). On adjusted analysis, factors associated with HI failure were age ≥60 years (OR 2.24; 95%CI 1.26-3.99), male gender (OR 2.26; 95%CI 1.44-3.57), subjective reporting of breathing difficulty (OR 3.64; 95%CI 2.08-6.37), history of cough (OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.37-3.17), and higher heart rate (OR 1.04; 95%CI 1.02-1.05). Although patient status (non-healthcare workers), no prior vaccination and ≥2 comorbidities were associated with HI failure on unadjusted analysis, these were non-significant on adjusted analysis. Conclusion Monitored HI program can be used successfully during a pandemic wave to judicially use scare hospital resources. Older male patients presenting with breathlessness or cough may warrant closer monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjit Immanuel James
- Assistant Professor (Forensic Medicine & Toxicology), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hema Eunice Paul
- Associate Physician (Microbiology), Member, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malathi Murugesan
- Senior Resident (Microbiology), Member, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Thomas Abraham
- Professor (Endocrine Surgery), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyalinda Christopher
- Professor & Head (Emergency Nursing), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annie Valsan
- Senior Manager, Hospital Operations, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joy John Mammen
- Professor (Transfusion Medicine), Associate Director, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priscilla Rupali
- Professor (Infectious Diseases), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilavarasi Jesudoss
- Professor (Nursing Services), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthamil Selvan
- Infection Control Nurse, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasad Mathews
- Professor (Geriatric Medicine), Medical Superintendent, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Victor Peter
- Professor (Critical Care), Director, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Menouni A, Berni I, Abchouch T, Khouchoua M, Filali-Zegzouti Y, Janssen P, Kestemont MP, Godderis L, El Jaafari S. Mental health among the Moroccan population during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: MAROCOVID study. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:343-352. [PMID: 35429534 PMCID: PMC9006471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic's unpredictability and ambiguity, combined with the lockdown, social distancing, containment measures, and economic impact could increase the risk of mental health issues. OBJECTIVE To assess the magnitude of mental health outcomes and risk factors among Moroccans, using an online survey, during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. METHODS This cross-sectional, survey-based study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 11,123 participants. The degree of depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms were assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-items Generalized Anxiety disorder, and the 7-items Insomnia Severity Index. RESULTS The survey was completed by 11,123 individuals out of a total of 15,008 contacts. 7315 (65.8%) were women, and 7182 (64.6%) were aged 18 to 34. A significant proportion of respondents experienced depression (5894 [53%]), anxiety (5544 [49.8%]), and insomnia (4410 [39.6%]). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a woman, being married, and being a parent of children aged less than five years were associated with severe symptoms of depression and anxiety (e.g. severe depression among women vs. men (OR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.06-1.33; P = .003), severe depression among married compared to unmarried respondents (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.71-2.16; P < .000), e.g. severe anxiety among women vs. men (OR, 1.40; 95%CI, 1.24-1.58; <0.000), severe anxiety among married people compared to unmarried (OR, 1.14; 95%CI, 1.00-1.28; P < .003). CONCLUSION Our findings reported a significant mental health burden on the general public during the COVID-19 lockdown. In addition to efforts deployed to prevent the spread of the disease, timely and culturally-specific mental health care needs to be developed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Menouni
- Cluster of competence "Health & Environment", Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50 000, Morocco; Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - I Berni
- Cluster of competence "Health & Environment", Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50 000, Morocco.
| | - T Abchouch
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14 010, Morocco
| | - M Khouchoua
- Cluster of competence "Health & Environment", Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50 000, Morocco
| | - Y Filali-Zegzouti
- Cluster of competence "Health & Environment", Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50 000, Morocco
| | - P Janssen
- Research Institute Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - M P Kestemont
- Institute for the Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - L Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - S El Jaafari
- Cluster of competence "Health & Environment", Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50 000, Morocco
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Yan YY, Fan TY, Zheng YL, Yang HQ, Li TS, Wang HT, Gu YF, Xiao X, Du ZH, Sun XM. Prevention and control of COVID-19 by primary health care facilities in China: a field-survey-based qualitative study in three typical cities. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:399. [PMID: 35346179 PMCID: PMC8960212 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) containment, primary health care (PHC) facilities inChina played an important role in providing both healthcare and public care services to community populations. The tasks of COVID-19 containment facilitated by PHC facilities were different among different regions and during different periods of COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to investigate the gaps on task participation, explore existing problems and provide corresponding solutions. Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with COVID-19 prevention and control management teams of PHC facilities were conducted. Purposive stratified sampling was used and 32 team members of 22 PHC facilities were selected from Wuhan (as high-risk city), Shanghai (as medium-risk city) and Zunyi (as low-risk city). Framework analysis was employed to analyze the transcribed recordings. Results The main tasks of PHC facilities during the early period of the pandemic included assisting in contact tracing and epidemiological investigation, screening of populations at high-risk at travel centers/internals, house-by-house, or pre-examination/triage within PHC facilities; at-home/ centralized quarantine management; the work of fever sentinel clinics. Further analyses revealed the existing problems and suggestions for improvement or resolutions. Regular medical supply reserves were recommended because of the medical supply shortage during the pre-outbreak period. Temporarily converted quarantine wards and centralized quarantine centers could be used to deal with pressures on patients’ treatment and management of the febrile patients. Only after strict evaluation of nucleic acid testing (NAT) results and housing conditions, decision on quarantine at-home or centralized quarantine centers could be made. Settings of fever sentinel clinics at PHC facilities allowed fever patients with no COVID-19 infection risks for treatment without being transferred to fever clinics of the designed secondary hospitals. Psychological intervention was sometimes in need and really helped in addressing individuals’ mental pressures. Conclusions During the COVID-19 containment, PHC facilities in China were responsible for different tasks and several problems were encountered in the working process. Accordingly, specific and feasible suggestions were put forward for different problems. Our findings are highly beneficial for healthcare teams and governments in handling similar situations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07770-4.
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Tang L, Liu M, Ren B, Chen J, Liu X, Wu X, Huang W, Tian J. Transmission in home environment associated with the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111910. [PMID: 34464619 PMCID: PMC8401083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
India has suffered from the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic since March 2021. This wave of the outbreak has been more serious than the first wave pandemic in 2020, which suggests that some new transmission characteristics may exist. COVID-19 is transmitted through droplets, aerosols, and contact with infected surfaces. Air pollutants are also considered to be associated with COVID-19 transmission. However, the roles of indoor transmission in the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of these factors in indoor environments are still poorly understood. Our study focused on reveal the role of indoor transmission in the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. Our results indicated that human mobility in the home environment had the highest relative influence on COVID-19 daily growth rate in the country. The COVID-19 daily growth rate was significantly positively correlated with the residential percent rate in most state-level areas in India. A significant positive nonlinear relationship was found when the residential percent ratio ranged from 100 to 120%. Further, epidemic dynamics modelling indicated that a higher proportion of indoor transmission in the home environment was able to intensify the severity of the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. Our findings suggested that more attention should be paid to the indoor transmission in home environment. The public health strategies to reduce indoor transmission such as ventilation and centralized isolation will be beneficial to the prevention and control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; International Cancer Center, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bingyu Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, Fu Jian, 350001, China
| | - Weiren Huang
- International Cancer Center, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China; Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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An X, Xiao L, Yang X, Tang X, Lai F, Liang XH. Economic burden of public health care and hospitalisation associated with COVID-19 in China. Public Health 2022; 203:65-74. [PMID: 35032917 PMCID: PMC8754688 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the socio-economic burden imposed on the Chinese healthcare system during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was used to investigate how COVID-19 impacted health and medical costs in China. Data were derived from a subdivision of the Centers for Disease control and Prevention of China. METHODS We prospectively collected information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the designated hospitals to determine the cost of public health care and hospitalisation due to COVID-19. We estimated the resource use and direct medical costs associated with public health. RESULTS The average costs, per case, for specimen collection and nucleic acid testing (NAT [specifically, polymerase chain reaction {PCR}]) in low-risk populations were $29.49 and $53.44, respectively; however, the average cost of NAT in high-risk populations was $297.94 per capita. The average costs per 1000 population for epidemiological surveys, disinfectant, health education and centralised isolation were $49.54, $247.01, $90.22 and $543.72, respectively. A single hospitalisation for COVID-19 in China cost a median of $2158.06 ($1961.13-$2325.65) in direct medical costs incurred only during hospitalisation, whereas the total costs associated with hospitalisation of patients with COVID-19 were estimated to have reached nearly $373.20 million in China as of 20, May, 2020. The cost of public health care associated with COVID-19 as of 20, May, 2020 ($6.83 billion) was 18.31 times that of hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the magnitude of resources needed to treat patients with COVID-19 and control the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures implemented by the Chinese government have been valuable in reducing the infection rate and may be cost-effective ways to control emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X An
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - L Xiao
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - X Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - X Tang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - F Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Toth DJA, Beams AB, Keegan LT, Zhang Y, Greene T, Orleans B, Seegert N, Looney A, Alder SC, Samore MH. High variability in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households and implications for control. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259097. [PMID: 34758042 PMCID: PMC8580228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a high risk of transmission in close-contact indoor settings, which may include households. Prior studies have found a wide range of household secondary attack rates and may contain biases due to simplifying assumptions about transmission variability and test accuracy. METHODS We compiled serological SARS-CoV-2 antibody test data and prior SARS-CoV-2 test reporting from members of 9,224 Utah households. We paired these data with a probabilistic model of household importation and transmission. We calculated a maximum likelihood estimate of the importation probability, mean and variability of household transmission probability, and sensitivity and specificity of test data. Given our household transmission estimates, we estimated the threshold of non-household transmission required for epidemic growth in the population. RESULTS We estimated that individuals in our study households had a 0.41% (95% CI 0.32%- 0.51%) chance of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection outside their household. Our household secondary attack rate estimate was 36% (27%- 48%), substantially higher than the crude estimate of 16% unadjusted for imperfect serological test specificity and other factors. We found evidence for high variability in individual transmissibility, with higher probability of no transmissions or many transmissions compared to standard models. With household transmission at our estimates, the average number of non-household transmissions per case must be kept below 0.41 (0.33-0.52) to avoid continued growth of the pandemic in Utah. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that crude estimates of household secondary attack rate based on serology data without accounting for false positive tests may underestimate the true average transmissibility, even when test specificity is high. Our finding of potential high variability (overdispersion) in transmissibility of infected individuals is consistent with characterizing SARS-CoV-2 transmission being largely driven by superspreading from a minority of infected individuals. Mitigation efforts targeting large households and other locations where many people congregate indoors might curb continued spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J. A. Toth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alexander B. Beams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lindsay T. Keegan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tom Greene
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brian Orleans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nathan Seegert
- Department of Finance, University of Utah David Eccles School of Business, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Adam Looney
- Department of Finance, University of Utah David Eccles School of Business, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Alder
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Samore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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11
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Zhu P, Tan X. Is compulsory home quarantine less effective than centralized quarantine in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak? Evidence from Hong Kong. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 74:103222. [PMID: 34367885 PMCID: PMC8327569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Faced with the global spread of COVID-19, the Hong Kong government imposed compulsory home quarantine on all overseas arrivals, while cities in mainland China and Macau adopted a more stringent centralized quarantine approach. This study evaluates the effectiveness of compulsory home quarantine as a means of pandemic control. Combining epidemiological data with traditional socioeconomic and meteorological data from over 250 cities, we employ the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to construct a counterfactual "synthetic Hong Kong". This model simulates the infection trends for a hypothetical situation in which HK adopts centralized quarantine measures, and compares them to actual infection numbers. Results suggest that home quarantine would have been less effective than centralized quarantine initially. However, the infection rate under home quarantine later converges with the counterfactual estimate under centralized quarantine (0.136% vs. 0.174%), suggesting similar efficacy in the later phase of implementation. Considering its minimal reliance on public resources, home quarantine with heightened enforcement may therefore be preferable to centralized quarantine in countries with limited public health resources. Home quarantine as a quarantine alternative balances public protection and individual freedom, while conserving resources, making it a more sustainable option for many cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhu
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Xinying Tan
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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12
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Denford S, Morton K, Horwood J, de Garang R, Yardley L. Preventing within household transmission of Covid-19: is the provision of accommodation to support self-isolation feasible and acceptable? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1641. [PMID: 34496809 PMCID: PMC8424161 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within-household transmission of Covid-19 is responsible for a significant number of infections. Efforts to protect at risk communities are needed. This study explored the acceptability of offering accommodation to support self-isolation among at risk populations, to prevent transmission of Covid-19 within vulnerable households. METHODS Mixed methods design structured in two phases. Phase 1: Survey of 545 individuals who had provided consent to be contacted about ongoing research projects into infection control. Phase 2: Semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from ethnic minority and low income communities. RESULTS Many survey and interview participants viewed the provision of accommodation as important and necessary in certain contexts. Of the 110 survey respondents, 85 (77%) said that they were not able to isolate at home. Among this group, 24 (28%) said they would accept accommodation and 23 (27%) said that they would probably accept. Of those unable to isolate at home, and at high risk if they caught the virus (N = 36) or living with someone at high risk (N 18), 19 (35%) said that they would accept, and 12 (22%) said they would probably accept accommodation. Factors influencing uptake of accommodation included perceived 1) household vulnerability 2) virus exposure and 3) lack of isolation at home options. Barriers to accepting the accommodation offer included 1) able to isolate at home 2) wanting to be with family 3) caring responsibilities 4) mental wellbeing concerns 5) concerns about moving when ill and 6) infection control concerns. Participants raised issues that should be addressed before accommodation is offered, including questions regarding who should use temporary accommodation and when, and how infection control in temporary accommodation would be managed. CONCLUSION The provision of accommodation to prevent within household transmission of Covid-19 is viewed as acceptable, feasible and necessary by some people who are concerned about infection transmission in the home and are unable to self-isolate or socially distance at home. Different households will have different requirements, e.g., those with caring responsibilities, and to overcome these challenges additional support may be needed for the provision of accommodation to be feasible to those who could benefit most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Denford
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Kate Morton
- Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel de Garang
- Public contributor and BME Engagement Worker for the Voice & Influence Partnership at The Care Forum, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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13
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Nam NH, Tien PTM, Truong LV, El-Ramly TA, Anh PG, Hien NT, Mahmoud EM, Eltaras MM, Khader SAE, Desokey MS, Gayed RM, Alhady STM, Le BTD, Nguyen DPN, Tiwari R, Eldoadoa M, Howard B, Trung TT, Huy NT. Early centralized isolation strategy for all confirmed cases of COVID-19 remains a core intervention to disrupt the pandemic spreading significantly. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254012. [PMID: 34264966 PMCID: PMC8282022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In response to the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), plenty of control measures were proposed. To assess the impact of current control measures on the number of new case indices 14 countries with the highest confirmed cases, highest mortality rate, and having a close relationship with the outbreak’s origin; were selected and analyzed. Methods In the study, we analyzed the impact of five control measures, including centralized isolation of all confirmed cases, closure of schools, closure of public areas, closure of cities, and closure of borders of the 14 targeted countries according to their timing; by comparing its absolute effect average, its absolute effect cumulative, and its relative effect average. Results Our analysis determined that early centralized isolation of all confirmed cases was represented as a core intervention in significantly disrupting the pandemic’s spread. This strategy helped in successfully controlling the early stage of the outbreak when the total number of cases were under 100, without the requirement of the closure of cities and public areas, which would impose a negative impact on the society and its economy. However, when the number of cases increased with the apparition of new clusters, coordination between centralized isolation and non-pharmaceutical interventions facilitated control of the crisis efficiently. Conclusion Early centralized isolation of all confirmed cases should be implemented at the time of the first detected infectious case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hai Nam
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Harvard Medical School, Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Phan Thi My Tien
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Truong
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Traditional Medicine Hospital of Ministry of Public Security, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Toka Aziz El-Ramly
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pham Gia Anh
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hien
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Emergency Department, Hue City hospital, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - El Marabea Mahmoud
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Sarah Abd Elaziz Khader
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salah Desokey
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ramy Magdy Gayed
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Bao-Tran Do Le
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Do Phuc Nhu Nguyen
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Epidemiology Department, Institute of Public Health Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ranjit Tiwari
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mohammed Eldoadoa
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Britney Howard
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | | | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Luan S, Yang Q, Jiang Z, Wang W. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on individual's travel mode choice in China. TRANSPORT POLICY 2021; 106:271-280. [PMID: 34975238 PMCID: PMC8711867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Travel activities and travel behaviors have been greatly affected by the outbreak of Covid-19. Facing the change of individuals' travel choices, policymakers have to make an appropriate response to mitigate negative consequences. This paper aims to explore how the COVID-19 would impact travel mode choice and the intention of car purchase. The data was collected from a large-scale survey conducted in June 2020 after the highest point. Random utility maximization (RUM), random regret minimization (RRM) and generalized regret minimization (GRRM) are employed to examine the effects of various factors on mode choice behaviors. The estimation results reveal that regret aversion psychology doesn't have a dominant proportion of decision choices, even if the congested condition of the mass mobility plays a significant role in the consideration of decision-making. Combined with the statistical results from the official departments, we concluded that public transport displays a great propensity on the long trip, and meanwhile, the industry of ride-hailing services has shocked sharply. In terms of the intention of traffic tool purchase, carless people prefer to buy electric two-wheel vehicles rather than automobiles. The research findings and the contribution to policy implications give assistance to authority in understanding citizens' travel mode preferences under the impact of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Luan
- School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
- Jilin Research Center for Intelligent Transportation System, Changchun, PR China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Road Traffic, Changchun, PR China
| | - Qingfang Yang
- School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
- Jilin Research Center for Intelligent Transportation System, Changchun, PR China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Road Traffic, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhongtai Jiang
- School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
- Jilin Research Center for Intelligent Transportation System, Changchun, PR China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Road Traffic, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
- Jilin Research Center for Intelligent Transportation System, Changchun, PR China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Road Traffic, Changchun, PR China
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15
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Meena S, Chan J, Phan TV, Butenko S, Hurley J, McGowen P, Kirkpatrick E, Upton L, Abdul Rahim R, McConnell M, Hall R. Repatriation operation in South Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: initial planning and preparedness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45. [PMID: 34074233 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2021.45.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract With COVID-19 affecting millions of people around the globe, quarantine of international arrivals is a critical public health measure to prevent further disease transmission in local populations. This measure has also been applied in the repatriation of citizens, undertaken by several countries as an ethical obligation and legal responsibility. This article describes the process of planning and preparing for the repatriation operation in South Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interagency collaboration, development of a COVID-19 testing and quarantining protocol, implementing infection prevention and control, and building a specialised health care delivery model were essential aspects of the repatriation operational planning, with a focus on maintaining dignity and wellbeing of the passengers as well as on effective prevention of COVID-19 transmission. From April 2020 to mid-February 2021, more than 14,000 international arrivals travellers have been repatriated under the South Australian repatriation operations. This paper has implications to inform ongoing repatriation efforts in Australia and overseas in a pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Meena
- Department of Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia
| | | | - Tuong-Vi Phan
- Department of Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia
| | - Samantha Butenko
- Department of Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia.,Communicable Disease Control Branch, Health Regulation and Protection, Department for Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia
| | - Jenny Hurley
- Nursing and Midwifery Office, Clinical Collaborative, System Leadership and Design, SA Health, Government of South Australia
| | - Paul McGowen
- State Control Centre, Department of Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia
| | | | - Lisa Upton
- Communicable Disease Control Branch, Health Regulation and Protection, Department for Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia
| | | | - Matthew McConnell
- Rural Support Service, Regional Local Health Networks, Government of South Australia
| | - Robert Hall
- Communicable Disease Control Branch, Health Regulation and Protection, Department for Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia
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16
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Wang SC, Su KP, Pariante CM. The three frontlines against COVID-19: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:409-414. [PMID: 33548496 PMCID: PMC7857976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is raising global anxiety and fear of both real and perceived health threat from the virus. Overwhelming evidence shows infected patients experiencing neuropsychiatric complications, suggesting that the "psychoneuroimmunity" model might be beneficial in understanding the impact of the virus. Therefore, this Special Issue on "Immunopsychiatry of COVID-19 Pandemic" was launched immediately after the pandemic was declared, with the first paper accepted on the March 25th, 2020. A total of ninety-three papers were accepted, the last one was on the July 10th, 2020 when the initial acute phase started declining. The papers of this Special Issue have illuminated the social impact, psychopathology, neurological manifestation, immunity responses, and potential treatments and prevention on COVID-19. For example, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and suicidal ideation are most common psychiatric manifestations. COVID-19 infection can have central and/or peripheral nervous system symptoms, including headache, sleep disorders, encephalopathy, and loss of taste and smell. A "three-steps" Neuro-COVID infection model (neuro-invasion, clearance and immune response) was established. The current therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 include supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and plasma transfusion. Psychological support should be implemented, improving the psychological wellbeing, as well as to enhance psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Forensic and Addiction Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan City 717, Taiwan,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City 717, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) and Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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17
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Mir JM, Khan MW, Shalla AH, Maurya RC. A Nonclinical Spectroscopic Approach for Diagnosing Covid-19: A Concise Perspective. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 88:765-771. [PMID: 34538886 PMCID: PMC8435118 DOI: 10.1007/s10812-021-01238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
With the COVID-19 outbreak, many challenges are posed before the scientific world to curb this pandemic. The diagnostic testing, treatment, and vaccine development for this infection caught the scientific community's immediate attention. Currently, despite the global proliferation of COVID-19 vaccination, the specific treatment for this disease is yet unknown. Meanwhile, COVID-19 detection or diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based me hods is expensive and less reliable. Moreover, this technique needs much time to furnish the results. Thus, the elaboration of a highly sensitive and fast method of COVID-19 diagnostics is of great importance. The spectroscopic approach is herein suggested as an efficient detection methodology for COVID-19 diagnosis, particularly Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology-Awantipora, J&K, Awantipora, 192122 India
- Coordination, Metallopharmaceutical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of PG Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, RD University, Jabalpur, MP India
| | - M. W. Khan
- Coordination, Metallopharmaceutical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of PG Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, RD University, Jabalpur, MP India
| | - A. H. Shalla
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology-Awantipora, J&K, Awantipora, 192122 India
| | - R. C. Maurya
- Coordination, Metallopharmaceutical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of PG Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, RD University, Jabalpur, MP India
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18
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Pérez-Mengual N, Aragonés-Barbera I, Moret-Tatay C, Moliner-Albero AR. The Relationship of Fear of Death Between Neuroticism and Anxiety During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:648498. [PMID: 33959053 PMCID: PMC8093560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
After a lockdown, particularly one where human life is at risk, there are expected to be psychological consequences. The examination of personality traits, where different adaptative and non-adaptative behaviors in the face of adversity are expected, is our interest. The aim of this research was to analyze the role fear of personal death played during the Covid-19 outbreak in relation to personality and anxiety. The main results can be described as follows: women displayed higher scores on anxiety and fear of personal death; gender, fear of personal death, neuroticism, and extraversion predicted anxiety; in men, the fear of personal death mediated the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Pérez-Mengual
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Mir JM, Maurya RC. Nitric oxide as a therapeutic option for COVID-19 treatment: a concise perspective. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03823g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among several possible therapies applicable for treating COVID-19, nitric oxide therapy has also gained considerable interest. This article describes the same with mechanistic details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mohammad Mir
- Coordination, Metallopharmaceutical and Computational Laboratory
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy
- R. D. University
- Jabalpur
- India
| | - Ram Charitra Maurya
- Coordination, Metallopharmaceutical and Computational Laboratory
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy
- R. D. University
- Jabalpur
- India
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20
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Luo L, Liu D, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhen R, Zhang X, Xie H, Song W, Liu J, Huang Q, Liu J, Yang X, Chen Z, Mao C. Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008570. [PMID: 33035211 PMCID: PMC7577473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air in non-health care settings among COVID-19 cases. We explored the SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air by collecting air and swabbing environmental surfaces among 39 COVID-19 cases in Guangzhou, China. The specimens were tested on RT-PCR. The information collected for COVID-19 cases included basic demographic, clinical severity, symptoms at onset, radiological testing, laboratory testing and hospital admission. A total of 641 environmental surfaces and air specimens were collected among 39 COVID-19 cases before disinfection. Among them, 20 specimens (20/641, 3.1%) were tested positive from 9 COVID-19 cases (9/39, 23.1%), with 5 (5/101, 5.0%) positive specimens from 3 asymptomatic cases, 5 (5/220, 2.3%) from 3 mild cases, and 10 (10/374, 2.7%) from 3 moderate cases. All positive specimens were collected within 3 days after diagnosis, and 10 (10/42, 23.8%) were found in toilet (5 on toilet bowl, 4 on sink/faucet/shower, 1 on floor drain), 4 (4/21, 19.0%) in anteroom (2 on water dispenser/cup/bottle, 1 on chair/table, 1 on TV remote), 1 (1/8, 12.5%) in kitchen (1 on dining-table), 1 (1/18, 5.6%) in bedroom (1 on bed/sheet pillow/bedside table), 1 (1/5, 20.0%) in car (1 on steering wheel/seat/handlebar) and 3 (3/20, 21.4%) on door knobs. Air specimens in room (0/10, 0.0%) and car (0/1, 0.0%) were all negative. SARS-CoV-2 was found on environmental surfaces especially in toilet, and may survive for several days. We provided evidence of potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through contamination of environmental surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Zhen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongqiu Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Moderators of Change in Physical Activity Levels during Restrictions Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Young Urban Adults. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate moderators of change in physical activity (PA) levels after 30 days (30-d) of restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults. This research is an extension of the CRO-PALS study and analyses for this study were performed on young adults (20–21 y.o., n = 91). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sport participation, student and socioeconomic status were assessed pre- and post-30-d restrictions. Differences in MVPA levels were examined using repeated-measures ANOVAs. After 30-d of restrictions, the drop in MVPA in females (−64.8 min/day, p = 0.006) and males was shown (−57.7 min/day, p < 0.00). However, active participants decreased, while non-active peers increased their MVPA level (−100.7 min/day, p < 0.00, and +48.9 min/day, p = 0.051, respectively). Moreover, students and non-students decreased their MVPA level (−69.0 min/day, p < 0.00, and −35.0 min/day, p = 0.22, respectively) as well as sport participants and non-sport participants (−95.3 min/day, p < 0.001, and −53.9 min/day, p < 0.00, respectively). Our results suggest that 30-d of restrictions equally affect females and males where the evident drop in MVPA is seen in both genders. However, active people decreased their PA level during lockdown and the opposite pattern was seen in non-active peers, where restrictions for them can represent an opportunity to change their behavior in a positive direction in order to gain better health status.
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