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Wang D, Jiang X, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Jia L, Sun Q, Kong L, Tang Y. Relationships between the gut microbiome and brain functional alterations in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:578-584. [PMID: 38972643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence has shown that the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGB) is involved in the mechanism of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain function in MDD patients has not been determined. Here, we intend to identify specific changes in the gut microbiome and brain function in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients and then explore the associations between the two omics to elucidate how the MGB axis plays a role in MDD development. METHODS We recruited 38 first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients and 37 healthy controls (HC). The composition of the fecal microbiome and neural spontaneous activity alterations were examined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to assess the associations between the gut microbiome and brain function. RESULTS Compared with HC, MDD patients exhibited distinct alterations in the gut microbiota and elevated ReHo in the frontal regions. In the MDD group, a positive relationship was noted between the relative abundance of Blautia and the HAMD-17 and HAMA scores, as well as between the relative abundance of Oxalobacteraceae and the HAMD-17 score. The relative abundances of Porphyromonadaceae and Parabacteroides were negatively correlated with the ReHo values of frontal regions. LIMITATIONS Our study utilized a cross-sectional design, and the number of subjects was relatively small. CONCLUSION We found that some specific gut microbiomes were associated with frontal function, and others were associated with clinical symptoms in MDD patients, which may support the role of the MGB axis underlying MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Huaqian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Linna Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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Zhang S, Mi P, Luan J, Sun M, Zhao X, Feng X. Fluorene-9-bisphenol acts on the gut-brain axis by regulating oxytocin signaling to disturb social behaviors in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119169. [PMID: 38763277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified the exposure to ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptors may be a risk factor of neurological disorders. However, the effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) in environmental exposure concentrations associated with these disorders are poorly understood. In this study, classic light-dark and social behavior tests were performed on zebrafish larvae and adults exposed BHPF exposure to evaluate social behavioral disorders and the microbiota-gut-brain axis was assessed to reveal the potential mechanisms underlying the behavioral abnormalities observed. Our results demonstrated that zebrafish larvae exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration (0.1 nM) of BHPF for 7 days showed a diminished response to external environmental factors (light or dark). Zebrafish larvae exposed to BHPF for 7 days or adults exposed to BHPF for 30 days at 1 μM displayed significant behavioral inhibition and altered social behaviors, including social recognition, social preference, and social fear contagion, indicating autism-like behaviors were induced by the exposure. BHPF exposure reduced the distribution of Nissl bodies in midbrain neurons and significantly reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling. Oxytocin (OXT) levels and expression of its receptor oxtra in the gut and brain were down-regulated by BHPF exposure. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to the excitation-inhibitory balance of synaptic transmission changed. Microbiomics revealed increased community diversity and altered abundance of some microflora, such as an elevation in Bacillota and Bacteroidota and a decline in Mycoplasmatota in zebrafish guts, which might contribute to the abnormal neural circuits and autism-like behaviors induced by BHPF. Finally, the rescue effect of exogenous OXT on social behavioral defects induced by BHPF exposure was verified in zebrafish, highlighting the crucial role of OXT signaling through gut-brain axis in the regulatory mechanisms of social behaviors affected by BHPF. This study contributes to understanding the effects of environmental BHPF exposure on neuropsychiatric disorders and attracts public attention to the health risks posed by chemicals in aquatic organisms. The potential mental disorders should be considered in the safety assessments of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ping Mi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jialu Luan
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Yu S, Chu J, Wu Y, Zhuang J, Qu Z, Song Y, Wu X, Han S. Third-generation PacBio sequencing to explore gut bacteria and gender in colorectal cancer. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106684. [PMID: 38759934 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut bacteria have an important influence on colorectal cancer (CRC). The differences of gut bacteria between genders have been the hot spots. OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between gut bacteria and gender differences in patients with CRC. METHODS A total of 212 patients with CRC and 212 healthy volunteers were recruited. The subjects' fecal samples were obtained, and the fecal microorganisms were analyzed by the third-generation sequencing PacBio. The composition of gut bacteria was analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) was used to analyze the differences in gut bacteria. Pearson coefficient was used to calculate the correlation between differential bacteria. CRC risk prediction models were used to rank the importance of effective differential bacteria. RESULTS Escherichia flexneri and Phocaeicola vulgatus were the most frequent bacteria in both male and female CRC patients. Bacteroides, Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansiaceae were highly enriched in male CRC group, while Bacteroidetes, Phocaeicola and Tissierellales were highly enriched in female CRC group. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Phocaeicola vulgatus were important CRC related bacteria in males and females, respectively. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was the most important characteristic bacterium of males (AUC = 0.951), and the sensitivity and specificity of the discovery set were 78.74 % and 93.98 %, respectively. Blautia stercoris was the most important characteristic bacterium of females (AUC = 0.966), and the sensitivity and specificity of the discovery set were 90.63 % and 90.63 %, respectively. CONCLUSION Gut bacteria varied in different genders. Therefore, gender should be considered when gut bacteria are applied in the diagnose and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhang Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanbo Qu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Song
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Bao W, Sun Y, Wang J, Wei S, Mao L, Zheng J, Liu P, Yang X, Chen Z. Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and Neurological Deficits in Patients With Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:527-538. [PMID: 38752465 DOI: 10.1177/15459683241252608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the paper was to investigate the composition and structure of intestinal flora in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), and to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and different levels of stroke severity. METHODS In this study, 47 CIS patients (16 mild, 21 moderate, and 10 severe) and 15 healthy controls were included. General information, clinical data, and behavioral scores of the enrolled subjects were collected. Deoxyribonucleic acid in fecal intestinal flora was extracted and detected using high-throughput Illumina 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing technology. Finally, the correlation between the community composition of intestinal microbiota and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in CIS patients was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, there was no statistically significant difference in Alpha diversity among CIS patients, but the principal coordinate analysis showed significant differences in the composition of the GM among stroke patients with different degrees of severity and controls. In CIS patients, Streptococcus was significantly enriched, and Eshibacter-Shigella, Bacteroides, and Agathobacter were significantly down-regulated (P < .05). In addition, the relative abundance of Blautia was negatively correlated with the NIHSS score. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that different degrees of CIS severity exert distinct effects on the intestinal microbiome. This study reveals the intestinal microecological changes after brain injury from the perspective of brain-gut axis. Intestinal microorganisms not only reveal the possible pathological process and indicate the severity of neurologic impairment, but also make targeted therapy possible for CIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxiao Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juehan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Samulėnaitė S, García-Blanco A, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Domingo-Rodríguez L, Cabana-Domínguez J, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Gago-García E, Pineda-Cirera L, Burokas A, Espinosa-Carrasco J, Arboleya S, Latorre J, Stanton C, Hosomi K, Kunisawa J, Cormand B, Fernández-Real JM, Maldonado R, Martín-García E. Gut microbiota signatures of vulnerability to food addiction in mice and humans. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331445. [PMID: 38926079 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction is a multifactorial disorder characterised by a loss of control over food intake that may promote obesity and alter gut microbiota composition. We have investigated the potential involvement of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms underlying food addiction. DESIGN We used the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0 criteria to classify extreme food addiction in mouse and human subpopulations to identify gut microbiota signatures associated with vulnerability to this disorder. RESULTS Both animal and human cohorts showed important similarities in the gut microbiota signatures linked to food addiction. The signatures suggested possible non-beneficial effects of bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum and potential protective effects of Actinobacteria against the development of food addiction in both cohorts of humans and mice. A decreased relative abundance of the species Blautia wexlerae was observed in addicted humans and of Blautia genus in addicted mice. Administration of the non-digestible carbohydrates, lactulose and rhamnose, known to favour Blautia growth, led to increased relative abundance of Blautia in mice faeces in parallel with dramatic improvements in food addiction. A similar improvement was revealed after oral administration of Blautia wexlerae as a beneficial microbe. CONCLUSION By understanding the crosstalk between this behavioural alteration and gut microbiota, these findings constitute a step forward to future treatments for food addiction and related eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveiga Samulėnaitė
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alejandra García-Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Domingo-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Gago-García
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fernández-Real
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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De Sales-Millán A, Reyes-Ferreira P, Aguirre-Garrido JF, Corral-Guillé I, Barrientos-Ríos R, Velázquez-Aragón JA. Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Metabolism in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Children: Implications for Sex-Based Differences and Metabolic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6701. [PMID: 38928411 PMCID: PMC11203636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) children, with a focus on identifying potential differences in gut bacteria between these groups. The microbiota was analyzed through the massive sequencing of region V3-V4 of the 16S RNA gene, utilizing DNA extracted from stool samples of participants. Our findings revealed no significant differences in the dominant bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota) between the ASD and NT groups. However, at the genus level, notable disparities were observed in the abundance of Blautia, Prevotella, Clostridium XI, and Clostridium XVIII, all of which have been previously associated with ASD. Furthermore, a sex-based analysis unveiled additional discrepancies in gut microbiota composition. Specifically, three genera (Megamonas, Oscilibacter, Acidaminococcus) exhibited variations between male and female groups in both ASD and NT cohorts. Particularly noteworthy was the exclusive presence of Megamonas in females with ASD. Analysis of predicted metabolic pathways suggested an enrichment of pathways related to amine and polyamine degradation, as well as amino acid degradation in the ASD group. Conversely, pathways implicated in carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and fermentation were found to be underrepresented. Despite the limitations of our study, including a relatively small sample size (30 ASD and 31 NT children) and the utilization of predicted metabolic pathways derived from 16S RNA gene analysis rather than metagenome sequencing, our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting a potential association between gut microbiota composition and ASD. Future research endeavors should focus on validating these findings with larger sample sizes and exploring the functional significance of these microbial differences in ASD. Additionally, there is a critical need for further investigations to elucidate sex differences in gut microbiota composition and their potential implications for ASD pathology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amapola De Sales-Millán
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - Paulina Reyes-Ferreira
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - José Félix Aguirre-Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma 52006, Estado de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Ismene Corral-Guillé
- Centro de Investigación del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
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Li J, Fan C, Wang J, Tang B, Cao J, Hu X, Zhao X, Feng C. Association between gut microbiota and anxiety disorders: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:398. [PMID: 38802804 PMCID: PMC11131207 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many articles reporting that the component of intestinal microbiota implies a link to anxiety disorders (AD), and the brain-gut axis is also a hot topic in current research. However, the specific relevance between gut microbiota and AD is uncertain. We aimed to investigate causal relationship between gut microbiota and AD by using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Genetic instrumental variable (IV) for the gut microbiota were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 18,340 participants. Summary data for AD were derived from the GWAS and included 158,565 cases and 300,995 controls. We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analysis. Cochran's Q values was computed to evaluate the heterogeneity among IVs. Sensitivity analyses including intercept of MR-Egger method and MR-PRESSO analysis were used to test the horizontal pleiotropy. RESULT We discovered 9 potential connections between bacterial traits on genus level and AD. Utilizing the IVW method, we identified 5 bacterial genera that exhibited a direct correlation with the risk of AD: genus Eubacteriumbrachygroup, genus Coprococcus3, genus Enterorhabdus, genus Oxalobacter, genus Ruminiclostridium6. Additionally, we found 4 bacterial genera that exhibited a negative association with AD: genus Blautia, genus Butyricicoccus, genus Erysipelotrichaceae-UCG003 and genus Parasutterella. The associations were confirmed by the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Our study found a causal relation between parts of the gut microbiota and AD. Further randomized controlled trials are crucial to elucidate the positive effects of probiotics on AD and their particular protection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, PR China
| | - Changhe Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bulang Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiafan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianzhe Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caiqin Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, PR China.
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Brown DG, Murphy M, Cadeddu R, Bell R, Weis A, Chiaro T, Klag K, Morgan J, Coon H, Stephens WZ, Bortolato M, Round JL. Colitis reduces active social engagement in mice and is ameliorated by supplementation with human microbiota members. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2769. [PMID: 38553486 PMCID: PMC10980768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple neurological disorders are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear whether GI distress itself can modify aspects of behavior. Here, we show that mice that experience repeated colitis have impaired active social engagement, as measured by interactions with a foreign mouse, even though signs of colitis were no longer present. We then tested the hypothesis that individuals with ASD harbor a microbiota that might differentially influence GI health by performing microbiota transplantation studies into male germfree animals, followed by induction of colitis. Animals that harbor a microbiota from ASD individuals have worsened gut phenotypes when compared to animals colonized with microbiotas from familial neurotypical (NT) controls. We identify the enrichment of Blautia species in all familial NT controls and observe an association between elevated abundance of Bacteroides uniformis and reductions in intestinal injury. Oral treatment with either of these microbes reduces colon injury in mice. Finally, provision of a Blautia isolate from a NT control ameliorates gut injury-associated active social engagement in mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that past intestinal distress is associated with changes in active social behavior in mice that can be ameliorated by supplementation of members of the human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Garrett Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michaela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rickesha Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Allison Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tyson Chiaro
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kendra Klag
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jubel Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - W Zac Stephens
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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9
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Hung LY, Margolis KG. Autism spectrum disorders and the gastrointestinal tract: insights into mechanisms and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:142-163. [PMID: 38114585 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are recognized as central neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive behaviours. The recognition of ASD as a central nervous system (CNS)-mediated neurobehavioural disorder has led most of the research in ASD to be focused on the CNS. However, gastrointestinal function is also likely to be affected owing to the neural mechanistic nature of ASD and the nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract (enteric nervous system). Thus, it is unsurprising that gastrointestinal disorders, particularly constipation, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, are highly comorbid in individuals with ASD. Gastrointestinal problems have also been repeatedly associated with increased severity of the core symptoms diagnostic of ASD and other centrally mediated comorbid conditions, including psychiatric issues, irritability, rigid-compulsive behaviours and aggression. Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in ASD and its associated behavioural comorbidities, the specific links between these two conditions have not been clearly delineated, and current data linking ASD to gastrointestinal dysfunction have not been extensively reviewed. This Review outlines the established and emerging clinical and preclinical evidence that emphasizes the gut as a novel mechanistic and potential therapeutic target for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Y Hung
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Ouyang P, Kang D, You W, Shen X, Mo X, Liu Y. Pogostemon cablin essential oil affects anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and the gut microbiota in chronic unpredictable mild stress model rats. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1303002. [PMID: 38419848 PMCID: PMC10899464 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1303002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is thought to be an important factor that influences brain processes and behaviors through the gut-brain axis. Pogostemon cablin is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. Patchouli essential oil (PCO), the main active agent in P. cablin, is used in aromatherapy for stress relief. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of orally administered PCO on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and the gut microbiota. We constructed a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and explored the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of PCO using the open field test (OFT) and forced swim test (FST). Changes in the abundance of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and other related molecules were assessed to determine the role of the gut microbiota. Our results showed that CUMS induced an anxiety-like phenotype in the OFT, which was reversed by PCO, and that PCO also significantly mitigated the depression-like behaviors caused by CUMS in the FST. Furthermore, we found that PCO increased the relative abundances of several probiotics, including Bacteroides and Blautia, and decreased the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcus_2, which were increased by CUMS. Regarding SCFAs, the metabolites of the gut microbiota, PCO increased the concentration of propionic acid and decreased that of caproic acid. Finally, PCO restored the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) level in the hippocampus, which had been decreased by CUMS. The results of this study suggested that PCO can improve stress-related anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and might exert its effects on the central nervous system through interactions with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyue Ouyang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dali Kang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
- College of Medical Technology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Weijing You
- College of Medical Technology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaozhong Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Mo
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Feng N, Xu R, Wang D, Li L, Su Y, Feng X. The Fecal Redox Potential in Healthy and Diarrheal Pigs and Their Correlation with Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 38247520 PMCID: PMC10812559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The redox potential plays a critical role in sustaining the stability of gut microbiota. This study measured the fecal redox potential in healthy and diarrheal pigs using direct and dilution methods and investigated their correlation with microbiota. The results showed that the fluctuations in the redox potential of healthy pig feces were consistent using two different methods and the two methods are equivalent based on an equivalence test. The redox potential was positively correlated with the number of fungi and negatively related to the total bacteria. The relative or absolute abundances of many bacteria at the phyla and genus levels were associated with redox potential. In diarrheal pigs, the potentiometric trends of the two methods demonstrated an opposing pattern and the correlation with total bacteria was reversed. Precipitously elevated redox potential was detected post-diarrhea using dilution methods. The absolute abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Fuurnierella was positively correlated with redox potential, while both relative and absolute abundances of Limosilactobacillus were positively correlated. These results suggest that both methods are suitable for detecting gut redox potential in healthy pigs, while the dilution method is more suitable for diarrheal pigs. The findings on the correlation of Limosilactobacillus, Prevotella, and Escherichia-Shigella with redox potential offer novel insights for targeted modulation of intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Feng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.F.); (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.F.); (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.F.); (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lian Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.F.); (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.F.); (R.X.); (D.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
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12
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Oliphant K, Cruz Ayala W, Ilyumzhinova R, Mbayiwa K, Sroka A, Xie B, Andrews B, Keenan K, Claud EC. Microbiome function and neurodevelopment in Black infants: vitamin B 12 emerges as a key factor. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2298697. [PMID: 38303501 PMCID: PMC10841033 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The early life gut microbiome affects the developing brain, and therefore may serve as a target to support neurodevelopment of children living in stressful and under-resourced environments, such as Black youth living on the South Side of Chicago, for whom we observe racial disparities in health. Microbiome compositions/functions key to multiple neurodevelopmental facets have not been studied in Black children, a vulnerable population due to racial disparities in health; thus, a subsample of Black infants living in urban, low-income neighborhoods whose mothers participated in a prenatal nutrition study were recruited for testing associations between composition and function of the gut microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and targeted metabolomics of fecal samples) and neurodevelopment (developmental testing, maternal report of temperament, and observed stress regulation). Two microbiome community types, defined by high Lachnospiraceae or Enterobacteriaceae abundance, were discovered in this cohort from 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis; the Enterobacteriaceae-dominant community type was significantly negatively associated with cognition and language scores, specifically in male children. Vitamin B12 biosynthesis emerged as a key microbiome function from shotgun metagenomics sequencing analysis, showing positive associations with all measured developmental skills (i.e., cognition, language, motor, surgency, effortful control, and observed stress regulation). Blautia spp. also were identified as substantial contributors of important microbiome functions, including vitamin B12 biosynthesis and related vitamin B12-dependent microbiome functions, anti-inflammatory microbial surface antigens, competitive mechanisms against pathobionts, and production of antioxidants. The results are promising with respect to the potential for exploring therapeutic candidates, such as vitamin B12 nutritional or Blautia spp. probiotic supplementation, to support the neurodevelopment of infants at risk for experiencing racial disparities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rimma Ilyumzhinova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kimberley Mbayiwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Anna Sroka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bree Andrews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Erika C. Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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13
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Cuesta-Marti C, Uhlig F, Muguerza B, Hyland N, Clarke G, Schellekens H. Microbes, oxytocin and stress: Converging players regulating eating behavior. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13243. [PMID: 36872624 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a peptide-hormone extensively studied for its multifaceted biological functions and has recently gained attention for its role in eating behavior, through its action as an anorexigenic neuropeptide. Moreover, the gut microbiota is involved in oxytocinergic signaling through the brain-gut axis, specifically in the regulation of social behavior. The gut microbiota is also implicated in appetite regulation and is postulated to play a role in central regulation of hedonic eating. In this review, we provide an overview on oxytocin and its individual links with the microbiome, the homeostatic and non-homeostatic regulation of eating behavior as well as social behavior and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuesta-Marti
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Friederike Uhlig
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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14
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Bendriss G, MacDonald R, McVeigh C. Microbial Reprogramming in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Review of Gut-Brain Communication and Emerging Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11978. [PMID: 37569349 PMCID: PMC10419219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbial composition, has been associated with various health conditions, including mental health disorders, autism, and inflammatory diseases. While the exact mechanisms underlying OCD remain unclear, this review presents a growing body of evidence suggesting a potential link between dysbiosis and the multifaceted etiology of OCD, interacting with genetic, neurobiological, immunological, and environmental factors. This review highlights the emerging evidence implicating the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of OCD and its potential as a target for novel therapeutic approaches. We propose a model that positions dysbiosis as the central unifying element in the neurochemical, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors leading to OCD. The potential and challenges of microbial reprogramming strategies, such as probiotics and fecal transplants in OCD therapeutics, are discussed. This review raises awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic approach that considers the interplay between the gut and the brain to develop interventions that account for the multifaceted nature of OCD and contribute to the advancement of more personalized approaches.
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15
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Bidô RDCDA, Pereira DE, Alves MDC, Dutra LMG, Costa ACDS, Viera VB, Araújo WJD, Leite EL, Oliveira CJBD, Alves AF, Freitas JCR, Martins ACS, Cirino JA, Soares JKB. Mix of almond baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and goat whey modulated intestinal microbiota, improved memory and induced anxiolytic like behavior in aged rats. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:98-117. [PMID: 37331263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of the consumption of a mix of baru almond and goat whey on memory performance and anxiety parameters related to the intestinal health of rats treated during aging. The animals were divided into three groups and treated by gavage for 10 weeks (n = 10/each group): Control (CT) - distilled water; Baru almond (BA) - 2000 mg of baru/kg of body weight; and Baru + Whey (BW) - 2000 mg of baru + 2000 mg of goat milk whey/kg of body weight. Anxiety behavior, memory, brain fatty acid profile and fecal microbiota were measured. BA and BW realized less grooming, spent more time in the central area of the open field and the open arms, and realized more head dipping in the elevated plus maze. A higher rate of exploration of the new object in the short and long-term memory was observed in BA and BW. There was an increase in the deposition of MUFAs and PUFAs and oleic acid in the brain of BA and BW. Regarding spatial memory, BA and BW performed better, with an emphasis on BW. There was a beneficial modulation of the fecal microbiota with a reduction of the pathogenic genus Clostridia_UFC-014 in BA and BW and an increase in the abundance of metabolic pathways of interest in the brain-gut axis. Thus, consumption of the mix is efficient in beneficially altering the intestinal microbiota, improving memory and anxiolytic-like behavior in rats during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia de Araújo Bidô
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil.
| | - Diego Elias Pereira
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | - Maciel da Costa Alves
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dos Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil; Department of Rural Technology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | - Wydemberg José de Araújo
- Laboratory for the Evaluation of Products of Animal Origin, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Elma Lima Leite
- Laboratory for the Evaluation of Products of Animal Origin, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Laboratory for the Evaluation of Products of Animal Origin, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas
- Education and Health Center, Academic Unit of Biology and Chemistry, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína André Cirino
- National Institute of Technology in Bonding and Coating Materials, University City, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil
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16
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Weiner A, Turjeman S, Koren O. Gut microbes and host behavior: The forgotten members of the gut-microbiome. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109453. [PMID: 36738776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to an entire population of microorganisms that colonize the gut. This community includes viruses, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and eukaryotes (fungi and parasites). Multiple studies in the last decades described the significant involvement of gut bacteria in gut-brain axis communication; however, the involvement of other members of the gut microbiota has been neglected. Recent studies found that these 'forgotten' members of the gut microbiota may also have a role in gut-brain communication, although it is still unclear whether they have a direct effect on the brain or if their effects are mediated by gut bacteria. Here, we provide concrete suggestions for future research to tease out mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Weiner
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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17
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Majumdar A, Siva Venkatesh IP, Basu A. Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Viral Infections. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1045-1062. [PMID: 36868874 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the umbrella term to include all bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the mammalian body. Evidence from over two centuries describes a significant role of GI microbiome in health and disease states of the host organism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate that are the physiological forms of acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid respectively, are GI bacteria derived metabolites. SCFAs have been reported to influence cellular function in multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In addition, the inflammation modulating properties of SCFAs make them suitable therapeutic candidates in neuroinflammatory conditions. This review provides a historical background of the GBA and current knowledge of the GI microbiome and role of individual SCFAs in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recently, a few reports have also identified the effects of GI metabolites in the case of viral infections. Among these viruses, the flaviviridae family is associated with neuroinflammation and deterioration of CNS functions. In this context, we additionally introduce SCFA based mechanisms in different viral pathogenesis to understand the former's potential as agents against flaviviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreye Majumdar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
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18
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Hou X, Wu N, Ren S, Wang X, Mu Q, Zhang Y, Wang S, Yu W, Guo J. Profiling Blautia at high taxonomic resolution reveals correlations with cognitive dysfunction in Chinese children with Down syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1109889. [PMID: 36844413 PMCID: PMC9950735 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Down syndrome (DS), the presence of a supernumerary chromosome 21, is associated with cognitive dysfunction caused by early neurodegenerative processes. Alterations in the gut microbiota were observed in Chinese children with DS, and the genus Blautia was associated with cognitive function in these children. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the detailed composition of this group at the species level and to explore the effect of specific species on cognitive function. Methods In this study, Blautia-specific amplicon sequencing was conducted to identify the specific Blautia species in 15 children with DS and 15 matched healthy children. Results The taxonomic analyses suggested that the Blautia taxa were clustered by disease status. The diversity of Blautia at the species level differed between DS patients and healthy controls, with the abundances of Blautia massiliensis and Blautia argi decreasing in DS children, while Blautia faecis was increased. Acetic acid, one of the metabolites of Blautia, was significantly reduced in the DS group. Of particular interest, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed decreased modules related to starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis. In addition, B. argi was positively related to DS cognitive scores, and B. faecis was negatively related to cognitive function, implying its role on the DS cognitive impairments. Discussion Our study has important implications for understanding the important effects of specific species of Blautia on cognitive function and thus possibly provides a new strategy for future studies of cognitive improvement in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhu Guo, ; Weidong Yu,
| | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhu Guo, ; Weidong Yu,
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Fekete EE, Figeys D, Zhang X. Microbiota-directed biotherapeutics: considerations for quality and functional assessment. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2186671. [PMID: 36896938 PMCID: PMC10012963 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence points to causative or correlative roles of gut microbiome in the development of a myriad of diseases ranging from gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases to neurological disorders and cancers. Consequently, efforts have been made to develop and apply therapeutics targeting the human microbiome, in particular the gut microbiota, for treating diseases and maintaining wellness. Here we summarize the current development of gut microbiota-directed therapeutics with a focus on novel biotherapeutics, elaborate the need of advanced -omics approaches for evaluating the microbiota-type biotherapeutics, and discuss the clinical and regulatory challenges. We also discuss the development and potential application of ex vivo microbiome assays and in vitro intestinal cellular models in this context. Altogether, this review aims to provide a broad view of promises and challenges of the emerging field of microbiome-directed human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ef Fekete
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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García-Cabrerizo R, Barros-Santos T, Campos D, Cryan JF. The gut microbiota alone and in combination with a social stimulus regulates cocaine reward in the mouse. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:286-291. [PMID: 36341966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a key factor in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and immunity. Correlational studies have demonstrated that alterations in microbiota composition have been associated with addiction. Moreover, animal studies have confirmed a link between reward and social processes, which may be shaped by the gut microbiota thus influencing neurodevelopment and the programming of social behaviors across diverse animal species. However, whether there is an interaction between the microbiota and social reward processes in the context of drug reward remains unclear. To this end, we explored the influence of gut microbiota in regulating behaviourally conditioned responses to different rewards (cocaine and social interactions). Depletion of the intestinal microbiota resulted in differential reward responses to both drug and social stimuli with an attenuation of the former and enhancement of the latter independent of concomitant immune changes. Moreover, the combination of depleting the gut microbiota in the presence of a positive social stimulus attenuates cocaine reward. Together these data suggest that the two-pronged approach of targeting the microbiota and enhancing social behaviour could constitute a valuable component in reducing harm in drug use by altering the salient effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Campos
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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