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Lin Q, Wu L, Chatla S, Chowdhury FA, Atale N, Joseph J, Du W. Hematopoietic stem cell regeneration through paracrine regulation of the Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling axis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155914. [PMID: 35703178 PMCID: PMC9197516 DOI: 10.1172/jci155914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the BM microenvironment (niche) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is critical for HSC regeneration. Here, we show that in mice, deletion of the Fanconi anemia (FA) genes Fanca and Fancc dampened HSC regeneration through direct effects on HSCs and indirect effects on BM niche cells. FA HSCs showed persistent upregulation of the Wnt target Prox1 in response to total body irradiation (TBI). Accordingly, lineage-specific deletion of Prox1 improved long-term repopulation of the irradiated FA HSCs. Forced expression of Prox1 in WT HSCs mimicked the defective repopulation phenotype of FA HSCs. WT mice but not FA mice showed significant induction by TBI of BM stromal Wnt5a protein. Mechanistically, FA proteins regulated stromal Wnt5a expression, possibly through modulating the Wnt5a transcription activator Pax2. Wnt5a treatment of irradiated FA mice enhanced HSC regeneration. Conversely, Wnt5a neutralization inhibited HSC regeneration after TBI. Wnt5a secreted by LepR+CXCL12+ BM stromal cells inhibited β-catenin accumulation, thereby repressing Prox1 transcription in irradiated HSCs. The detrimental effect of deregulated Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling on HSC regeneration was also observed in patients with FA and aged mice. Irradiation induced upregulation of Prox1 in the HSCs of aged mice, and deletion of Prox1 in aged HSCs improved HSC regeneration. Treatment of aged mice with Wnt5a enhanced hematopoietic repopulation. Collectively, these findings identified the paracrine Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling axis as a regulator of HSC regeneration under conditions of injury and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Limei Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabliha A Chowdhury
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Singh AK, Cancelas JA. Gap Junctions in the Bone Marrow Lympho-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche, Leukemia Progression, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E796. [PMID: 31991829 PMCID: PMC7038046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: The crosstalk between hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for homeostasis and hematopoietic regeneration in response to blood formation emergencies after injury, and has been associated with leukemia transformation and progression. Intercellular signals by the BM stromal cells in the form of cell-bound or secreted factors, or by physical interaction, regulate HSC localization, maintenance, and differentiation within increasingly defined BM HSC niches. Gap junctions (GJ) are comprised of arrays of membrane embedded channels formed by connexin proteins, and control crucial signaling functions, including the transfer of ions, small metabolites, and organelles to adjacent cells which affect intracellular mechanisms of signaling and autophagy. This review will discuss the role of GJ in both normal and leukemic hematopoiesis, and highlight some of the most novel approaches that may improve the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs. Connexin GJ channels exert both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic effects on HSC and BM stromal cells, involved in regenerative hematopoiesis after myelosuppression, and represent an alternative system of cell communication through a combination of electrical and metabolic coupling as well as organelle transfer in the HSC niche. GJ intercellular communication (GJIC) in the HSC niche improves cellular bioenergetics, and rejuvenates damaged recipient cells. Unfortunately, they can also support leukemia proliferation and survival by creating leukemic niches that provide GJIC dependent energy sources and facilitate chemoresistance and relapse. The emergence of new strategies to disrupt self-reinforcing malignant niches and intercellular organelle exchange in leukemic niches, while at the same time conserving normal hematopoietic GJIC function, could synergize the effect of chemotherapy drugs in eradicating minimal residual disease. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of connexin regulation in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis is warranted for the re-establishment of normal hematopoiesis after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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3
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Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Influence Function and Phenotype of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells after Mixed Neutron/Gamma Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071795. [PMID: 30978983 PMCID: PMC6480930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor cells (HSPC). In particular, the vascular niche is responsible for regulating HSC maintenance, differentiation, and migration of cells in and out of the BM. Damage to this niche upon exposure to ionizing radiation, whether accidental or as a result of therapy, can contribute to delays in HSC recovery and/or function. The ability of BM derived-endothelial cells (BMEC) to alter and/or protect HSPC after exposure to ionizing radiation was investigated. Our data show that exposure of BMEC to ionizing radiation resulted in alterations in Akt signaling, increased expression of PARP-1, IL6, and MCP-1, and decreased expression of MMP1 and MMP9. In addition, global analysis of gene expression of HSC and BMEC in response to mixed neutron/gamma field (MF) radiation identified 60 genes whose expression was altered after radiation in both cell types, suggesting that a subset of genes is commonly affected by this type of radiation. Focused gene analysis by RT-PCR revealed two categories of BMEC alterations: (a) a subset of genes whose expression was altered in response to radiation, with no additional effect observed during coculture with HSPC, and (b) a subset of genes upregulated in response to radiation, and altered when cocultured with HSPC. Coculture of BMEC with CD34+ HSPC induced HSPC proliferation, and improved BM function after MF radiation. Nonirradiated HSPC exhibited reduced CD34 expression over time, but when irradiated, they maintained higher CD34 expression. Nonirradiated HSPC cocultured with nonirradiated BMEC expressed lower levels of CD34 expression compared to nonirradiated alone. These data characterize the role of each cell type in response to MF radiation and demonstrate the interdependence of each cell’s response to ionizing radiation. The identified genes modulated by radiation and coculture provide guidance for future experiments to test hypotheses concerning specific factors mediating the beneficial effects of BMEC on HSPC. This information will prove useful in the search for medical countermeasures to radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.
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Aanei CM, Catafal LC. Evaluation of bone marrow microenvironment could change how myelodysplastic syndromes are diagnosed and treated. Cytometry A 2018; 93:916-928. [PMID: 30211968 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders. However, the therapies used against the hematopoietic stem cells clones have limited efficacy; they slow the evolution toward acute myeloid leukemia rather than stop clonal evolution and eradicate the disease. The progress made in recent years regarding the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in disease evolution may contribute to progress in this area. This review presents the recent updates on the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes pathogenesis and tries to find answers regarding how this information could improve myelodysplastic syndromes diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mariana Aanei
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Lydia Campos Catafal
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
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Chen F, Shen M, Zeng D, Wang C, Wang S, Chen S, Tang Y, Hu M, Chen M, Su Y, Ran X, Xu Y, Wang J. Effect of radiation-induced endothelial cell injury on platelet regeneration by megakaryocytes. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:456-463. [PMID: 28402443 PMCID: PMC5570070 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is an important cause of hemorrhage and death after radiation injury, but the pathogenesis of radiation-induced thrombocytopenia has not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the influence of radiation-induced endothelial cell injury on platelet regeneration. We found that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) underwent a high rate of apoptosis, accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at 96 h after radiation. Subsequent investigations revealed that radiation injury lowered the ability of HUVECs to attract migrating megakaryocytes (MKs). Moreover, the adhesion of MKs to HUVECs was markedly reduced when HUVECs were exposed to radiation, accompanied by a decreased production of platelets by MKs. In vivo study showed that VEGF treatment significantly promoted the migration of MKs into the vascular niche and accelerated platelet recovery in irradiated mice. Our studies demonstrate that endothelial cell injury contributes to the slow recovery of platelets after radiation, which provides a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia induced by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dongfeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinze Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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DiCarlo AL, Tamarat R, Rios CI, Benderitter M, Czarniecki CW, Allio TC, Macchiarini F, Maidment BW, Jourdain JR. Cellular Therapies for Treatment of Radiation Injury: Report from a NIH/NIAID and IRSN Workshop. Radiat Res 2017; 188:e54-e75. [PMID: 28605260 DOI: 10.1667/rr14810.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing concern over the possibility of a radiological or nuclear incident occurring somewhere in the world. Intelligence agencies frequently report that terrorist groups and rogue nations are seeking to obtain radiological or nuclear weapons of mass destruction. In addition, there exists the real possibility that safety of nuclear power reactors could be compromised by natural (such as the tsunami and subsequent Fukushima accident in Japan in March, 2011) or accidental (Three Mile Island, 1979 and Chernobyl, 1986) events. Although progress has been made by governments around the world to prepare for these events, including the stockpiling of radiation countermeasures, there are still challenges concerning care of patients injured during a radiation incident. Because the deleterious and pathological effects of radiation are so broad, it is desirable to identify medical countermeasures that can have a beneficial impact on several tissues and organ systems. Cellular therapies have the potential to impact recovery and tissue/organ regeneration for both early and late complications of radiation exposure. These therapies, which could include stem or blood progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or cells derived from other tissues (e.g., endothelium or placenta), have shown great promise in treating other nonradiation injuries to and diseases of the bone marrow, skin, gastrointestinal tract, brain, lung and heart. To explore the potential use of these therapies in the treatment of victims after acute radiation exposure, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases co-sponsored an international workshop in July, 2015 in Paris, France with the Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire. The workshop included discussions of data available from testing in preclinical models of radiation injury to different organs, logistics associated with the practical use of cellular therapies for a mass casualty incident, as well as international regulatory requirements for authorizing such drug products to be legally and readily used in such incidents. This report reviews the data presented, as well as key discussion points from the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- a Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Radia Tamarat
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carmen I Rios
- a Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc Benderitter
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | - Francesca Macchiarini
- e Previously -RNCP, DAIT, NIAID, NIH; now National Institute on Aging (NIA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jean-Rene Jourdain
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Gori JL, Butler JM, Kunar B, Poulos MG, Ginsberg M, Nolan DJ, Norgaard ZK, Adair JE, Rafii S, Kiem H. Endothelial Cells Promote Expansion of Long-Term Engrafting Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Primates. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:864-876. [PMID: 28297579 PMCID: PMC5442761 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful expansion of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) would benefit many HSPC transplantation and gene therapy/editing applications. However, current expansion technologies have been limited by a loss of multipotency and self-renewal properties ex vivo. We hypothesized that an ex vivo vascular niche would provide prohematopoietic signals to expand HSPCs while maintaining multipotency and self-renewal. To test this hypothesis, BM autologous CD34+ cells were expanded in endothelial cell (EC) coculture and transplanted in nonhuman primates. CD34+ C38- HSPCs cocultured with ECs expanded up to 17-fold, with a significant increase in hematopoietic colony-forming activity compared with cells cultured with cytokines alone (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-monocyte; p < .005). BM CD34+ cells that were transduced with green fluorescent protein lentivirus vector and expanded on ECs engrafted long term with multilineage polyclonal reconstitution. Gene marking was observed in granulocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. Whole transcriptome analysis indicated that EC coculture altered the expression profile of 75 genes in the BM CD34+ cells without impeding the long-term engraftment potential. These findings show that an ex vivo vascular niche is an effective platform for expansion of adult BM HSPCs. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:864-876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Gori
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason M. Butler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Balvir Kunar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael G. Poulos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Zachary K. Norgaard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Adair
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hans‐Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Sasine JP, Yeo KT, Chute JP. Concise Review: Paracrine Functions of Vascular Niche Cells in Regulating Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:482-489. [PMID: 28191767 PMCID: PMC5442811 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of endothelial cells (ECs) in regulating oxygen delivery, nutrient exchange, coagulation, and transit of inflammatory cells throughout the body are well‐‐established. ECs have also been shown to regulate the maintenance and regeneration of organ‐specific stem cells in mammals. In the hematopoietic system, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are dependent on signals from the bone marrow (BM) vascular niche for their maintenance and regeneration after myelosuppressive injury. Recent studies have demonstrated the essential functions of BM ECs and perivascular stromal cells in regulating these processes. In the present study, we summarize the current understanding of the role of BM ECs and perivascular cells in regulating HSC maintenance and regeneration and highlight the contribution of newly discovered EC‐derived paracrine factors that regulate HSC fate. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:482–489
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Sasine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelly T. Yeo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John P. Chute
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang Y, Boerma M, Zhou D. Ionizing Radiation-Induced Endothelial Cell Senescence and Cardiovascular Diseases. Radiat Res 2016; 186:153-61. [PMID: 27387862 DOI: 10.1667/rr14445.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation induces not only apoptosis but also senescence. While the role of endothelial cell apoptosis in mediating radiation-induced acute tissue injury has been extensively studied, little is known about the role of endothelial cell senescence in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced late effects. Senescent endothelial cells exhibit decreased production of nitric oxide and expression of thrombomodulin, increased expression of adhesion molecules, elevated production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and an inability to proliferate and form capillary-like structures in vitro. These findings suggest that endothelial cell senescence can lead to endothelial dysfunction by dysregulation of vasodilation and hemostasis, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation and inhibition of angiogenesis, which can potentially contribute to radiation-induced late effects such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this article, we discuss the mechanisms by which radiation induces endothelial cell senescence, the roles of endothelial cell senescence in radiation-induced CVDs and potential strategies to prevent, mitigate and treat radiation-induced CVDs by targeting senescent endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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Yao Y, Song X, Cheng H, Tang G, Hu X, Zhou H, Wang J. Dysfunction of bone marrow vascular niche in acute graft-versus-host disease after MHC-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104607. [PMID: 25119573 PMCID: PMC4131885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is the most common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is often accompanied by impaired hematopoietic reconstitution. Sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) constitute bone marrow (BM) vascular niche that plays an important role in supporting self-renewal capacity and maintaining the stability of HSC pool. Here we provide evidences that vascular niche is a target of aGvHD in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–haploidentical matched murine HSCT model. The results demonstrated that hematopoietic cells derived from GvHD mice had the capacity to reconstitute hematopoiesis in healthy recipient mice. However, hematopoietic cells from healthy donor mice failed to reconstitute hematopoiesis in GvHD recipient mice, indicating that the BM niche was impaired by aGvHD in this model. We further demonstrated that SECs were markedly reduced in the BM of aGvHD mice. High level of Fas and caspase-3 expression and high rate of apoptosis were identified in SECs, indicating that SECs were destroyed by aGvHD in this murine HSCT model. Furthermore, high Fas ligand expression on engrafted donor CD4+, but not CD8+ T cells, and high level MHC-II but not MHC-I expression on SECs, suggested that SECs apoptosis was mediated by CD4+ donor T cells through the Fas/FasL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Yao
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianmin Song
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Drouet M, Hérodin F. Mitigating radiation-induced toxicity: an overview of new approaches developed at the French Military Biomedical Research Institute. HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 106:682-688. [PMID: 24776900 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute radiation syndrome represents the clinical response of radiation-sensitive key tissues (i.e., hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and neurovascular) following exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation. In this context, the hematopoietic syndrome remains the first therapeutic challenge. Today, identifying new drugs and developing new strategies to cope with acute radiation syndrome remain a priority, especially to prevent/cure the radiation-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome then failure. Cytokine, non-cytokine drugs, and cell/gene therapy represent a pattern of sophisticated approaches developed by this group and others to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Drouet
- *Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Department of Radiobiology, BP73, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
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Drouet M, Garrigou P, Peinnequin A, Hérodin F. Short-term sonic-hedgehog gene therapy to mitigate myelosuppression in highly irradiated monkeys: hype or reality? Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 49:304-9. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Doan PL, Russell JL, Himburg HA, Helms K, Harris JR, Lucas J, Holshausen KC, Meadows SK, Daher P, Jeffords LB, Chao NJ, Kirsch DG, Chute JP. Tie2(+) bone marrow endothelial cells regulate hematopoietic stem cell regeneration following radiation injury. Stem Cells 2013; 31:327-37. [PMID: 23132593 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in proximity to bone marrow endothelial cells (BM ECs) and maintenance of the HSC pool is dependent upon EC-mediated c-kit signaling. Here, we used genetic models to determine whether radioprotection of BM ECs could facilitate hematopoietic regeneration following radiation-induced myelosuppression. We developed mice bearing deletion of the proapoptotic proteins, BAK and BAX, in Tie2(+) ECs and HSCs (Tie2Bak/Bax(Fl/-) mice) and compared their hematopoietic recovery following total body irradiation (TBI) with mice which retained Bax in Tie2(+) cells. Mice bearing deletion of Bak and Bax in Tie2(+) cells demonstrated protection of BM HSCs, preserved BM vasculature, and 100% survival following lethal dose TBI. In contrast, mice that retained Bax expression in Tie2(+) cells demonstrated depletion of BM HSCs, disrupted BM vasculature, and 10% survival post-TBI. In a complementary study, VEcadherinBak/Bax(Fl/-) mice, which lack Bak and Bax in VEcadherin(+) ECs, also demonstrated increased recovery of BM stem/progenitor cells following TBI compared to mice which retained Bax in VEcadherin(+) ECs. Importantly, chimeric mice that lacked Bak and Bax in HSCs but retained Bak and Bax in BM ECs displayed significantly decreased HSC content and survival following TBI compared to mice lacking Bak and Bax in both HSCs and BM ECs. These data suggest that the hematopoietic response to ionizing radiation is dependent upon HSC-autonomous responses but is regulated by BM EC-mediated mechanisms. Therefore, BM ECs may be therapeutically targeted as a means to augment hematopoietic reconstitution following myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong L Doan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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14
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Zachman DK, Leon RP, Das P, Goldman DC, Hamlin KL, Guha C, Fleming WH. Endothelial cells mitigate DNA damage and promote the regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells after radiation injury. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:1013-21. [PMID: 23939266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are an essential component of the hematopoietic microenvironment, which maintains and regulates hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although ECs can support the regeneration of otherwise lethally-irradiated HSCs, the mechanisms are not well understood. To further understand this phenomenon, we studied HSC regeneration from irradiated bone marrow using co-culture with human aortic ECs (HAECs). Co-culture with HAECs induced a 24-fold expansion of long-term HSCs (CD150(+), lineage(lo), Sca-1(+), c-Kit(+); CD150(+)LSK cells) in vitro. These cells gave rise to functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with colony-forming activity, multilineage reconstitution and serial transplantation potential. Furthermore, HAECs significantly reduced DNA damage in irradiated LSK cells within 24h. Remarkably, we were able to delay the exposure of irradiated bone marrow to the regenerative, HAEC-derived signals for up to 48h and still rescue functional HSCs. G-CSF is the gold standard for promoting hematopoietic regeneration in vivo. However, when compared to HAECs, in vitro G-CSF treatment promoted lineage differentiation and regenerated 5-fold fewer CD150(+)LSK cells. Together, our results show that HAECs are powerful, direct mitigators of HSC injury and DNA damage. Identification of the HAEC-derived factors that rescue HSCs may lead to improved therapies for hematopoietic regeneration after radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Zachman
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Portland, OR, USA
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15
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Pezeshkian B, Donnelly C, Tamburo K, Geddes T, Madlambayan GJ. Leukemia Mediated Endothelial Cell Activation Modulates Leukemia Cell Susceptibility to Chemotherapy through a Positive Feedback Loop Mechanism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60823. [PMID: 23560111 PMCID: PMC3613371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the chances of achieving disease-free survival are low. Studies have demonstrated a supportive role of endothelial cells (ECs) in normal hematopoiesis. Here we show that similar intercellular relationships exist in leukemia. We demonstrate that leukemia cells themselves initiate these interactions by directly modulating the behavior of resting ECs through the induction of EC activation. In this inflammatory state, activated ECs induce the adhesion of a sub-set of leukemia cells through the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin. These adherent leukemia cells are sequestered in a quiescent state and are unaffected by chemotherapy. The ability of adherent cells to later detach and again become proliferative following exposure to chemotherapy suggests a role of this process in relapse. Interestingly, differing leukemia subtypes modulate this process to varying degrees, which may explain the varied response of AML patients to chemotherapy and relapse rates. Finally, because leukemia cells themselves induce EC activation, we postulate a positive-feedback loop in leukemia that exists to support the growth and relapse of the disease. Together, the data defines a new mechanism describing how ECs and leukemia cells interact during leukemogenesis, which could be used to develop novel treatments for those with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Pezeshkian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher Donnelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kelley Tamburo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Timothy Geddes
- Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gerard J. Madlambayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Doan PL, Himburg HA, Helms K, Russell JL, Fixsen E, Quarmyne M, Harris JR, Deoliviera D, Sullivan JM, Chao NJ, Kirsch DG, Chute JP. Epidermal growth factor regulates hematopoietic regeneration after radiation injury. Nat Med 2013; 19:295-304. [PMID: 23377280 PMCID: PMC3594347 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms which regulate HSC regeneration following myelosuppressive injury are not well understood. We identified epidermal growth factor (EGF) to be highly enriched in the bone marrow (BM) serum of mice bearing deletion of Bak and Bax in Tie2+ cells (Tie2Cre;Bak1−/−;Baxfl/− mice), which displayed radioprotection of the HSC pool and 100% survival following lethal dose total body irradiation (TBI). BM HSCs from wild type mice expressed functional EGFR and systemic administration of EGF promoted the recovery of the HSC pool in vivo and the improved survival of mice following TBI. Conversely, administration of erlotinib, an EGFR antagonist, significantly decreased both HSC regeneration and mice survival following TBI. VavCre;EGFRfl/+ mice also demonstrated delayed recovery of BM stem/progenitor cells following TBI compared to VavCre;EGFR+/+ mice. Mechanistically, EGF reduced radiation-induced apoptosis of HSCs and mediated this effect via repression of the proapoptotic protein, PUMA. EGFR signaling regulates HSC regeneration following myelosuppressive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong L Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Drouet M, Agay D, Garrigou P, Peinnequin A, Hérodin F. Gene therapy to mitigate radiation-induced bone marrow aplasia: preliminary study in highly irradiated monkeys. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 103:138-142. [PMID: 22951471 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3182475a93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic syndrome represents the first therapeutic challenge following exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation. Today there is a crucial need to identify/develop new treatments in order to reach the transplantation threshold. The authors propose the concept of a global niche therapy strategy based on local and short-term secretion of selected morphogenes to favor a vascular niche in order to raise the transplantation threshold regeneration and to stimulate residual hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The present study was aimed at setting up a monkey model of gene therapy using Sonic hedgehog (Shh) as a first candidate. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adipocyte tissues were nucleofected with mock and Sonic hedgehog pIRES2 plasmids using Amaxa technology. 8-Gy gamma irradiated monkeys were given a single intraosseous injection of manipulated or unmanipulated adipocyte stem cells 48 h following total body irradiation. Mock and Shh-grafts were well tolerated. This preliminary study establishes the feasibility of transient gene therapy in highly irradiated monkeys. Ongoing studies will determine the putative efficacy of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées-Centre de Recherche du Service de Santé des Armées, Department of Radiobiology-Cell Therapy Unit, 24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38702, La Tronche, France.
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18
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Doan PL, Chute JP. The vascular niche: home for normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia 2011; 26:54-62. [PMID: 21886170 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are uniquely capable of self-renewal and provision of all of the mature elements of the blood and immune system throughout the lifetime of an individual. HSC self-renewal is regulated by both intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic signals mediated via specialized microenvironments or 'niches' wherein HSCs reside. HSCs have been shown to reside in close association with bone marrow (BM) osteoblasts in the endosteal niche and also in proximity to BM sinusoidal vessels. An unresolved question surrounds whether the endosteal and vascular niches provide synchronous or redundant regulation of HSC fate or whether these niches provide wholly unique regulatory functions. Furthermore, while some aspects of the mechanisms through which osteoblasts regulate HSC fate have been defined, the mechanisms through which the vascular niche regulates HSC fate remain obscure. Here, we summarize the anatomic and functional basis supporting the concept of an HSC vascular niche as well as the precise function of endothelial cells, perivascular cells and stromal cells within the niche in regulating HSC fate. Lastly, we will highlight the role of the vascular niche in regulating leukemic stem cell fate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Doan
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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19
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Safi R, Muramoto GG, Salter AB, Meadows S, Himburg H, Russell L, Daher P, Doan P, Leibowitz MD, Chao NJ, McDonnell DP, Chute JP. Pharmacological manipulation of the RAR/RXR signaling pathway maintains the repopulating capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in culture. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 23:188-201. [PMID: 19106195 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) contributes to the regulation of diverse biological pathways via its role as a heterodimeric partner of several nuclear receptors. However, RXR has no established role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate. In this study, we sought to determine whether direct modulation of RXR signaling could impact human HSC self-renewal or differentiation. Treatment of human CD34(+)CD38(-)lin(-) cells with LG1506, a selective RXR modulator, inhibited the differentiation of HSCs in culture and maintained long-term repopulating HSCs in culture that were otherwise lost in response to cytokine treatment. Further studies revealed that LG1506 had a distinct mechanism of action in that it facilitated the recruitment of corepressors to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/RXR complex at target gene promoters, suggesting that this molecule was functioning as an inverse agonist in the context of this heterodimer. Interestingly, using combinatorial peptide phage display, we identified unique surfaces presented on RXR when occupied by LG1506 and demonstrated that other modulators that exhibited these properties functioned similarly at both a mechanistic and biological level. These data indicate that the RAR/RXR heterodimer is a critical regulator of human HSC differentiation, and pharmacological modulation of RXR signaling prevents the loss of human HSCs that otherwise occurs in short-term culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Safi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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