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Wu L, Lin Q, Chatla S, Amarachintha S, Wilson AF, Atale N, Gao ZJ, Joseph J, Wolff EV, Du W. LepR+ niche cell-derived AREG compromises hematopoietic stem cell maintenance under conditions of DNA repair deficiency and aging. Blood 2023; 142:1529-1542. [PMID: 37584437 PMCID: PMC10656728 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross talk between extrinsic niche-derived and intrinsic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) factors controlling HSC maintenance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that amphiregulin (AREG) from bone marrow (BM) leptin receptor (LepR+) niche cells is an important factor that mediates the cross talk between the BM niche and HSCs in stem cell maintenance. Mice deficient of the DNA repair gene Brca2, specifically in LepR+ cells (LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl), exhibited increased frequencies of total and myeloid-biased HSCs. Furthermore, HSCs from LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl mice showed compromised repopulation, increased expansion of donor-derived, myeloid-biased HSCs, and increased myeloid output. Brca2-deficient BM LepR+ cells exhibited persistent DNA damage-inducible overproduction of AREG. Ex vivo treatment of wild-type HSCs or systemic treatment of C57BL/6 mice with recombinant AREG impaired repopulation, leading to HSC exhaustion. Conversely, inhibition of AREG by an anti-AREG-neutralizing antibody or deletion of the Areg gene in LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl mice rescued HSC defects caused by AREG. Mechanistically, AREG activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, promoted HSC cycling, and compromised HSC quiescence. Finally, we demonstrated that BM LepR+ niche cells from other DNA repair-deficient and aged mice also showed persistent DNA damage-associated overexpression of AREG, which exerts similar negative effects on HSC maintenance. Therefore, we identified an important factor that regulates HSCs function under conditions of DNA repair deficiency and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Surya Amarachintha
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA
| | - Andrew F Wilson
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zhenxia J Gao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Medical Education, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Emily V Wolff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ashokkumar C, Rohan V, Kroemer AH, Rao S, Mazariegos G, Higgs BW, Nadig S, Almeda J, Dhani H, Khan K, Yazigi N, Ekong U, Kaufman S, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Mukund K, Sethi P, Mehrotra S, Soltys K, Singh MS, Bond G, Khanna A, Ningappa M, Spishock B, Sindhi E, Atale N, Saunders M, Baliga P, Fishbein T, Subramaniam S, Sindhi R. Impaired Cellular and Antibody immunity after COVID-19 in Chronically Immunosuppressed Transplant Recipients. J Surg Res (Houst) 2023; 6:348-363. [PMID: 38606317 PMCID: PMC11007760 DOI: 10.26502/jsr.10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of cellular immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is of great interest in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients (Tr), who are predisposed to infections and vaccination failures. We evaluated CD154-expressing T-cells induced by spike (S) antigenic peptides in 204 subjects-103 COVID-19 patients and 101 healthy unexposed subjects. S-reactive CD154+T-cell frequencies were a) higher in 42 healthy unexposed Tr who were sampled pre-pandemic, compared with healthy NT (p=0.02), b) lower in Tr COVID-19 patients compared with healthy Tr (p<0.0001) and were accompanied by lower S-reactive B-cell frequencies (p<0.05), c) lower in Tr with severe COVID-19 (p<0.0001), or COVID-19 requiring hospitalization (p<0.05), compared with healthy Tr. Among Tr with COVID-19, cytomegalovirus co-infection occurred in 34%; further, incidence of anti-receptor-binding-domain IgG (p=0.011) was lower compared with NT COVID-19 patients. Healthy unexposed Tr exhibit pre-existing T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 impairs anti-S T-cell and antibody and predisposes to CMV co-infection in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Ashokkumar
- Plexision Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vinayak Rohan
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Sohail Rao
- DHR Health and DHR Health Institute for Research and Development, Edinburg, Tx, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Mazariegos
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandon W Higgs
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satish Nadig
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jose Almeda
- DHR Health and DHR Health Institute for Research and Development, Edinburg, Tx, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harmeet Dhani
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Khalid Khan
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nada Yazigi
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Udeme Ekong
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stuart Kaufman
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Monica M Betancourt-Garcia
- DHR Health and DHR Health Institute for Research and Development, Edinburg, Tx, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Soltys
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manasi S Singh
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Geoffrey Bond
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ajai Khanna
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mylarappa Ningappa
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Fishbein
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Rakesh Sindhi
- Plexision Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Noda K, Philips BJ, Atale N, Sanchez PG. Endothelial Protection in Lung Grafts through Heparanase Inhibition During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in Rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:697-706. [PMID: 36948268 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that enhancing glycocalyx preservation would reduce endothelial damage in lung grafts during ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) leading to better transplant outcomes. In this study, we characterized the effects of inhibiting heparanase (HPSE), an enzyme responsible for glycocalyx shedding, on lung quality during EVLP. METHODS Human clinical EVLP perfusate from lung graft patients was utilized to identify a potential association between glycocalyx integrity in grafted lung tissue and clinical data. In addition, we performed pre-clinical studies in which rat lungs underwent normothermic EVLP for 4 hours with/without HPSE inhibitors, heparin (1000-U/hour) or heparastatin (SF4; 1-μM), added to the perfusate. After 4-hours EVLP, left lungs were transplanted into syngeneic rats then evaluated for graft quality 2-hours after reperfusion. RESULTS Clinically, increased degradation of syndecan-1 was identified in dysfunctional grafts during EVLP. Levels of heparan sulfate in perfusate after EVLP were associated with incidence of graft dysfunction after transplantation. In the pre-clinical rat study, SF4 effectively inhibited HPSE activity, and significantly attenuated dissociated glycocalyx levels, endothelial dysfunction, edema, and inflammation in lungs during EVLP compared to both controls and heparin groups. High-doses of heparin demonstrated markedly increased perfusate syndecan-1 concentrations and deteriorated lung quality during EVLP compared with controls. Post-transplant graft function and inflammation were significantly improved in SF4-treated group compared to those in both control and heparin-treated groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HPSE activity inhibition by SF4 can improve graft preservation during EVLP by protecting the glycocalyx and endothelial function, leading to better lung function following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Noda
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Brian J Philips
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Lin Q, Wu L, Chatla S, Chowdhury FA, Atale N, Joseph J, Du W. Hematopoietic stem cell regeneration through paracrine regulation of the Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling axis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155914. [PMID: 35703178 PMCID: PMC9197516 DOI: 10.1172/jci155914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the BM microenvironment (niche) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is critical for HSC regeneration. Here, we show that in mice, deletion of the Fanconi anemia (FA) genes Fanca and Fancc dampened HSC regeneration through direct effects on HSCs and indirect effects on BM niche cells. FA HSCs showed persistent upregulation of the Wnt target Prox1 in response to total body irradiation (TBI). Accordingly, lineage-specific deletion of Prox1 improved long-term repopulation of the irradiated FA HSCs. Forced expression of Prox1 in WT HSCs mimicked the defective repopulation phenotype of FA HSCs. WT mice but not FA mice showed significant induction by TBI of BM stromal Wnt5a protein. Mechanistically, FA proteins regulated stromal Wnt5a expression, possibly through modulating the Wnt5a transcription activator Pax2. Wnt5a treatment of irradiated FA mice enhanced HSC regeneration. Conversely, Wnt5a neutralization inhibited HSC regeneration after TBI. Wnt5a secreted by LepR+CXCL12+ BM stromal cells inhibited β-catenin accumulation, thereby repressing Prox1 transcription in irradiated HSCs. The detrimental effect of deregulated Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling on HSC regeneration was also observed in patients with FA and aged mice. Irradiation induced upregulation of Prox1 in the HSCs of aged mice, and deletion of Prox1 in aged HSCs improved HSC regeneration. Treatment of aged mice with Wnt5a enhanced hematopoietic repopulation. Collectively, these findings identified the paracrine Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling axis as a regulator of HSC regeneration under conditions of injury and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Limei Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabliha A Chowdhury
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Li X, Chatla S, Wilson AF, Wu L, Atale N, Du W. Persistent DNA damage and oncogenic stress-induced Trem1 promotes leukemia in mice. Haematologica 2022; 107:2576-2588. [PMID: 35443564 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune receptor TREM1 (Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1) is a master regulator of inflammatory response. Compelling evidence suggests important pathological roles for TREM1 in various types of solid tumors. However, the role of TREM1 in hematologic malignancies is not known. Our previous study demonstrates that TREM1 cooperates with diminished DNA damage response to induce expansion of pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice deficient for the Fanconi anemia gene Fanca. Here we investigate TREM1 in leukemogenesis using mouse models of the DNA repair-deficient Fanca-/- and the oncogenic MLL-AF9 or KrasG12D. We found that Trem1 was highly expressed in pre-leukemic HSCs and leukemia stem cells (LSCs). By selective deletion of the Trem1 gene in the hematopoietic compartment, we showed that ablation of Trem1 reduced leukemogenic activity of the pre-leukemic HSCs and LSCs in mice. Trem1 was required for the proliferation of the pre-leukemic HSCs and LSCs. Further analysis revealed that Trem1 expression in pre-leukemic HSCs and LSCs was associated with persistent DNA damage, prolonged oncogenic stress, and a strong inflammatory signature. Targeting several top Trem1 inflammatory signatures inhibits the proliferation of pre-leukemic HSCs and LSCs. Collectively, our observations uncover previously unknown expression and function of TREM1 in malignant stem cells, and identify TREM1 as a driver of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Andrew F Wilson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Limei Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
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Rani V, Singhal S, Sharma K, Vaid R, Aggarwal K, Bhadana R, Agarwal R, Atale N. Human Gut Microbiome: A New Frontier in Cancer Diagnostics & Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4578-4592. [PMID: 34620056 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211006152112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The field of oncology is vast and ever-growing. The present cancer therapeutics is continually exhibiting various drawbacks, which opens the door for exploring better novel therapeutic techniques. One such emerging technique is the manipulation of gut microbiota to induce a positive curative effect in the body. The dynamic gut microbiota of our body houses an astonishing number of microorganisms, mainly bacteria. The balance of the gut microbiota is essential for good health as imbalances may result in dysbiosis leading to various diseases such as cancer. The gut microbiota can be manipulated by using prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics for better therapeutic outcomes, as well as to improve the quality of life of patients undergoing conventional cancer treatment. Administration of bacteria as a probiotic agent accompanied with prebiotics obtained from a wide variety of herbs has been used effectively to enhance the treatment of various cancers. Although the theoretical basis of Gut therapy can be ascertained, further clinical trials will be essential to determine the scope and limitations fully. The present review provides a glimpse of conventional and novel cancer therapeutics and their drawbacks, along with the role of the gut microbiome and its modulation to design new pharmaceutics against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Rani
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Singhal
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumkum Sharma
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohan Vaid
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanishka Aggarwal
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Renu Bhadana
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Agarwal
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15201 PA, United States
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Rani V, Yadav D, Atale N. Matrixmetalloproteinase Inhibitors: Promising Therapeutic Targets Against Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4557-4567. [PMID: 34459380 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210830103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a wide range cellular level disease that occurs when cells go through uncontrolled division and growth. The mechanisms by which the cells undergo metastasis are complex and involve many interactions between the tumor cells and their cellular environment. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been found to over-express at various stages of tumor progression and their inhibition using MMP inhibitors has been a subject of potential therapy against cancer. OBJECTIVE This review discusses recent research in MMP inhibitors (MMPI) used for preventing tumor progression. METHODS In this review, we explored the role of MMPs in cancer progression and summarized the current developments in MMPIs, their role in cancer suppression in in vitro and in vivo studies and their evaluation in clinical trials from the current research data. RESULTS MMPIs have shown to be very successful in in vitro models, cell lines and in some in vivo studies. Unfortunately, their efficacy in clinical trials has been found to be hit and miss. Recent studies have shown that the novel delivery approaches of MMP inhibitors may enhance their therapeutic effects towards the prevention of cancer. CONCLUSION In this review, we presented different MMP inhibitors, their performance at different stages of models - in vitro, in vivo, small animal models and eventually clinical trials. We provide newer methods of MMPI delivery that may be better targeted to suppress only specific MMPs and avoid toxic side-effects in healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749. Korea
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15201, Pennsylvania. United States
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Ashokkumar C, Rohan V, Kroemer AH, Rao S, Mazariegos G, Higgs BW, Nadig S, Almeda J, Dhani H, Khan K, Yazigi N, Ekong U, Kaufman S, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Mukund K, Sethi P, Mehrotra S, Soltys K, Singh MS, Bond G, Khanna A, Ningappa M, Spishock B, Sindhi E, Atale N, Saunders M, Baliga P, Fishbein T, Subramaniam S, Sindhi R. Impaired T-cell and antibody immunity after COVID-19 infection in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients. bioRxiv 2021:2021.05.03.442371. [PMID: 33972936 PMCID: PMC8109195 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.03.442371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of T-cell immunity to the COVID-19 coronavirus requires reliable assays and is of great interest, given the uncertain longevity of the antibody response. Some recent reports have used immunodominant spike (S) antigenic peptides and anti-CD28 co-stimulation in varying combinations to assess T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These assays may cause T-cell hyperstimulation and could overestimate antiviral immunity in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients, who are predisposed to infections and vaccination failures. Here, we evaluate CD154-expressing T-cells induced by unselected S antigenic peptides in 204 subjects-103 COVID-19 patients and 101 healthy unexposed subjects. Subjects included 72 transplanted and 130 non-transplanted subjects. S-reactive CD154+T-cells co-express and can thus substitute for IFNγ (n=3). Assay reproducibility in a variety of conditions was acceptable with coefficient of variation of 2-10.6%. S-reactive CD154+T-cell frequencies were a) higher in 42 healthy unexposed transplant recipients who were sampled pre-pandemic, compared with 59 healthy non-transplanted subjects (p=0.02), b) lower in Tr COVID-19 patients compared with healthy transplant patients (p<0.0001), c) lower in Tr patients with severe COVID-19 (p<0.0001), or COVID-19 requiring hospitalization (p<0.05), compared with healthy Tr recipients. S-reactive T-cells were not significantly different between the various COVID-19 disease categories in NT recipients. Among transplant recipients with COVID-19, cytomegalovirus co-infection occurred in 34%; further, CMV-specific T-cells (p<0.001) and incidence of anti-receptor-binding-domain IgG (p=0.011) were lower compared with non-transplanted COVID-19 patients. Healthy unexposed transplant recipients exhibit pre-existing T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 infection leads to impaired T-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and increased risk of CMV co-infection in transplant recipients.
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Atale N, Yadav D, Rani V, Jin JO. Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Polyphenols. Front Nutr 2020; 7:564352. [PMID: 33344490 PMCID: PMC7744342 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.564352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an outcome of disturbances in metabolic activities through oxidative stress, local inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as a prime cause of fatality worldwide. Cardiovascular disorders in diabetic individuals have become a challenge in diagnosis and formulation of treatment prototype. It is necessary to have a better understanding of cellular pathophysiology that reveal the therapeutic targets and prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases due to hyperglycemia. Critical changes in levels of collagen and integrin have been observed in the extracellular matrix of heart, which was responsible for cardiac remodeling in diabetic patients. This review explored the understanding of the mechanisms of how the phytochemicals provide cardioprotection under diabetes along with the caveats and provide future perspectives on these agents as prototypes for the development of drugs for managing DCM. Thus, here we summarized the effect of various plant extracts and natural polyphenols tested in preclinical and cell culture models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Further, the potential use of selected polyphenols that improved the therapeutic efficacy against diabetic cardiomyopathy is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atale
- Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Vibha Rani
- Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Jain A, Atale N, Kohli S, Bhattacharya S, Sharma M, Rani V. An assessment of norepinephrine mediated hypertrophy to apoptosis transition in cardiac cells: A signal for cell death. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 225:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Atale N, Gupta S, Yadav UCS, Rani V. Cell-death assessment by fluorescent and nonfluorescent cytosolic and nuclear staining techniques. J Microsc 2014; 255:7-19. [PMID: 24831993 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a genetically programmed cellular event leads to biochemical and morphological changes in cells. Alterations in DNA caused by several factors affect nucleus and ultimately the entire cell leading to compromised function of the organ and organism. DNA, a master regulator of the cellular events, is an important biomolecule with regards to cell growth, cell death, cell migration and cell differentiation. It is therefore imperative to develop the staining techniques that may lead to visualize the changes in nucleus where DNA is housed, to comprehend the cellular pathophysiology. Over the years a number of nuclear staining techniques such as propidium iodide, Hoechst-33342, 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Acridine orange-Ethidium bromide staining, among others have been developed to assess the changes in DNA. Some nonnuclear staining techniques such as Annexin-V staining, which although does not stain DNA, but helps to identify the events that result from DNA alteration and leads to initiation of apoptotic cell death. In this review, we have briefly discussed some of the most commonly used fluorescent and nonfluorescent staining techniques that identify apoptotic changes in cell, DNA and the nucleus. These techniques help in differentiating several cellular and nuclear phenotypes that result from DNA damage and have been identified as specific to necrosis or early and late apoptosis as well as scores of other nuclear deformities occurring inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Atale
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Atale N, Gupta K, Rani V. Protective effect of Syzygium cumini against pesticide-induced cardiotoxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:7956-7972. [PMID: 24659402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide-induced toxicity is a serious issue which has resulted in plethora of diseases all over the world. The organophosphate pesticide malathion has caused many incidents of poisoning such as cardiac manifestations. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Syzygium cumini on malathion-induced cardiotoxicity. Dose optimization of malathion and polyphenols such as curcumin, (−)-epicatechin, gallic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, etc. was done by MTT cell proliferation assay. Nuclear deformities, ROS production, and integrity of extra cellular matrix components were analyzed by different techniques. S. cumini methanolic pulp extract (MPE), a naturally derived gallic acid-enriched antioxidant was taken to study its effect on malathion-induced toxicity. Nuclear deformities, ROS production, and integrity of extra cellular matrix components were also analyzed. Twenty micrograms per milliliter LD50 dose of malathion was found to cause stress-mediated responses in H9C2 cell line. Among all the polyphenols, gallic acid showed the most significant protection against stress. Gallic acid-enriched methanolic S. cumini pulp extract (MPE) showed 59.76 % ± 0.05, 81.61 % ± 1.37, 73.33 % ± 1.33, 77.19 % ± 2.38 and 64.19 % ± 1.43 maximum inhibition for DPPH, ABTS, NO, H2O2 and superoxide ion, respectively, as compared to ethanolic pulp extract and aqueous pulp extract. Our study suggests that S. cumini MPE has the ability to protect against the malathion-mediated oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes.
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Atale N, Chakraborty M, Mohanty S, Bhattacharya S, Nigam D, Sharma M, Rani V. Cardioprotective Role of Syzygium cumini Against Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in H9C2 Cardiac Myocytes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2013; 13:278-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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