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Kamo H, Iwamuro H, Nakamura R, Nojiri S, Okuzumi A, Ogawa T, Nakajima A, Hattori N, Shimo Y. Antagonism of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 prevents levodopa-induced dyskinesia development in a male rat model of Parkinson's disease: Electrophysiological evidence. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25302. [PMID: 38515319 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common complication in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing treatment with levodopa. Glutamate receptor antagonists can suppress LID; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP), a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist, on dyskinesia. We recorded the neuronal activity of the entopeduncular nucleus and examined responses to cortical electric stimulation in the control group (n = 6) and three groups of rats (male PD model). Saline was intraperitoneally administered to dopamine lesioned (DL) rats (n = 6), levodopa/benserazide (L/B) was administered to LID rats (n = 8), and L/B combined with MTEP was administered to MTEP rats (n = 6) twice daily for 14 days. We administered L/B to LID and MTEP rats 48 h after the final administration of MTEP to examine the chronic effect of MTEP. The control and DL groups did not have LID. The MTEP group had less LID than the LID group (p < .01) on day 1 and day 18. The control group had a typical triphasic pattern consisting of early excitation (early-Ex), inhibition, and late excitation (late-Ex). However, the inhibition phase disappeared, was partially observed, and was fully suppressed in the DL, LID, and MTEP groups, respectively. The cortico-striato-entopeduncular pathway is important in the pathophysiology of LID. mGluR5 antagonism suppresses LID progression by preventing physiological changes in the cortico-striato-entopeduncular pathway. Future studies are required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kamo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Iwamuro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Furgiuele A, Pereira FC, Martini S, Marino F, Cosentino M. Dopaminergic regulation of inflammation and immunity in Parkinson's disease: friend or foe? Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1469. [PMID: 37781343 PMCID: PMC10540835 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting 7-10 million people worldwide. Currently, there is no treatment available to prevent or delay PD progression, partially due to the limited understanding of the pathological events which lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain, which is known to be the cause of PD symptoms. The current available treatments aim at compensating dopamine (DA) deficiency in the brain using its precursor levodopa, dopaminergic agonists and some indirect dopaminergic agents. The immune system is emerging as a critical player in PD. Therefore, immune-based approaches have recently been proposed to be used as potential antiparkinsonian agents. It has been well-known that dopaminergic pathways play a significant role in regulating immune responses in the brain. Although dopaminergic agents are the primary antiparkinsonian treatments, their immune regulatory effect has yet to be fully understood. The present review summarises the current available evidence of the immune regulatory effects of DA and its mimics and discusses dopaminergic agents as antiparkinsonian drugs. Based on the current understanding of their involvement in the regulation of neuroinflammation in PD, we propose that targeting immune pathways involved in PD pathology could offer a better treatment outcome for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Furgiuele
- Center for Research in Medical PharmacologyUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Stefano Martini
- Center for Research in Medical PharmacologyUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical PharmacologyUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical PharmacologyUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
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3
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Moreno E, Casajuana-Martin N, Coyle M, Campos BC, Galaj E, Del Torrent CL, Seyedian A, Rea W, Cai NS, Bonifazi A, Florán B, Xi ZX, Guitart X, Casadó V, Newman AH, Bishop C, Pardo L, Ferré S. Pharmacological targeting of G protein-coupled receptor heteromers. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106476. [PMID: 36182040 PMCID: PMC9645299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A main rationale for the role of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heteromers as targets for drug development is the putative ability of selective ligands for specific GPCRs to change their pharmacological properties upon GPCR heteromerization. The present study provides a proof of concept for this rationale by demonstrating that heteromerization of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors (D1R and D3R) influences the pharmacological properties of three structurally similar selective dopamine D3R ligands, the phenylpiperazine derivatives PG01042, PG01037 and VK4-116. By using D1R-D3R heteromer-disrupting peptides, it could be demonstrated that the three D3R ligands display different D1R-D3R heteromer-dependent pharmacological properties: PG01042, acting as G protein-biased agonist, counteracted D1R-mediated signaling in the D1R-D3R heteromer; PG01037, acting as a D3R antagonist cross-antagonized D1R-mediated signaling in the D1R-D3R heteromer; and VK4-116 specifically acted as a ß-arrestin-biased agonist in the D1R-D3R heteromer. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted potential molecular mechanisms mediating these qualitatively different pharmacological properties of the selective D3R ligands that are dependent on D1R-D3R heteromerization. The results of in vitro experiments were paralleled by qualitatively different pharmacological properties of the D3R ligands in vivo. The results supported the involvement of D1R-D3R heteromers in the locomotor activation by D1R agonists in reserpinized mice and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats, highlighting the D1R-D3R heteromer as a main pharmacological target for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. More generally, the present study implies that when suspecting its pathogenetic role, a GPCR heteromer, and not its individual GPCR units, should be considered as main target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nil Casajuana-Martin
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Michael Coyle
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Baruc Campos Campos
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Addiction Biology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Llinas Del Torrent
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arta Seyedian
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Rea
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ning-Sheng Cai
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xavier Guitart
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, USA.
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Transcriptome Sequencing Reveal That Rno-Rsf1_0012 Participates in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease Rats via Binding to Rno-mir-298-5p. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091206. [PMID: 36138942 PMCID: PMC9496896 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common complication of chronic dopamine replacement therapy in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and a noble cause of disability in advanced PD patients. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel type of non-coding RNA with a covalently closed-loop structure, which can regulate gene expression and participate in many biological processes. However, the biological roles of circRNAs in LID are not completely known. In the present study, we established typical LID rat models by unilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle and repeated levodopa therapy. High-throughput next-generation sequencing was used to screen circRNAs differentially expressed in the brain of LID and non-LID (NLID) rats, and key circRNAs were selected according to bioinformatics analyses. Regarding fold change ≥2 and p < 0.05 as the cutoff value, there were a total of 99 differential circRNAs, including 39 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated circRNAs between the NLID and LID groups. The expression of rno-Rsf1_0012 was significantly increased in the striatum of LID rats and competitively bound rno-mir-298-5p. The high expression of target genes PCP and TBP in LID rats also supports the conclusion that rno-Rsf1_0012 may be related to the occurrence of LID.
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Fieblinger T, Li C, Espa E, Cenci MA. Non-Apoptotic Caspase-3 Activation Mediates Early Synaptic Dysfunction of Indirect Pathway Neurons in the Parkinsonian Striatum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105470. [PMID: 35628278 PMCID: PMC9141690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-apoptotic caspase-3 activation is critically involved in dendritic spine loss and synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. It is, however, not known whether caspase-3 plays similar roles in other pathologies. Using a mouse model of clinically manifest Parkinson’s disease, we provide the first evidence that caspase-3 is transiently activated in the striatum shortly after the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. This caspase-3 activation concurs with a rapid loss of dendritic spines and deficits in synaptic long-term depression (LTD) in striatal projection neurons forming the indirect pathway. Interestingly, systemic treatment with a caspase inhibitor prevents both the spine pruning and the deficit of indirect pathway LTD without interfering with the ongoing dopaminergic degeneration. Taken together, our data identify transient and non-apoptotic caspase activation as a critical event in the early plastic changes of indirect pathway neurons following dopamine denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Fieblinger
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Synaptic Physiology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Chang Li
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Elena Espa
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
| | - M. Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (C.L.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.A.C.)
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6
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Wilson L, Lee CA, Mason CF, Khodjaniyazova S, Flores KB, Muddiman DC, Sombers LA. Simultaneous Measurement of Striatal Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide Transients Associated with L-DOPA Induced Rotation in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:120-131. [PMID: 36785724 PMCID: PMC9838821 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly treated with levodopa (L-DOPA), which eventually induces abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). The neurochemical contributors to these dyskinesias are unknown; however, several lines of evidence indicate an interplay of dopamine (DA) and oxidative stress. Here, DA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were simultaneously monitored at discrete recording sites in the dorsal striata of hemiparkinsonian rats using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Mass spectrometry imaging validated the lesions. Hemiparkinsonian rats exhibited classic L-DOPA-induced AIMs and rotations as well as increased DA and H2O2 tone over saline controls after 1 week of treatment. By week 3, DA tone remained elevated beyond that of controls, but H2O2 tone was largely normalized. At this time point, rapid chemical transients were time-locked with spontaneous bouts of rotation. Striatal H2O2 rapidly increased with the initiation of contraversive rotational behaviors in lesioned L-DOPA animals, in both hemispheres. DA signals simultaneously decreased with rotation onset. The results support a role for these striatal neuromodulators in the adaptive changes that occur with L-DOPA treatment in PD and reveal a precise interplay between DA and H2O2 in the initiation of involuntary locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie
R. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Christie A. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Catherine F. Mason
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sitora Khodjaniyazova
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kevin B. Flores
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David C. Muddiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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7
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Hunter J, Bova A, Stevens A, Leventhal DK. Dopamine neuron stimulation induces context-dependent abnormal involuntary movements in healthy rats. iScience 2022; 25:103974. [PMID: 35281727 PMCID: PMC8914546 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With continued levodopa treatment, most patients with Parkinson disease (PD) develop levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs)—abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) characterized primarily by chorea. Clinically, LIDs depend on nigrostriatal degeneration and sensitization to repeated levodopa doses. However, the degree of dopamine denervation is correlated with levodopa-induced changes in striatal dopamine. Therefore, pulsatile dopamine release may induce AIMs independently of nigrostriatal degeneration. We optogenetically stimulated dopamine neurons in healthy rats as they engaged in skilled reaching. Repeated stimulation induced progressive AIMs whose severity was modified by behavioral context. AIMs were milder with stimulation during reaches, and more severe if stimulation occurred between reaches. Despite gradual induction, AIMs recurred immediately with subsequent dopamine neuron stimulation. Thus, nigrostriatal denervation is not necessary for fluctuating striatal dopamine to induce AIMs, and behavioral context modulates AIM expression. Furthermore, pulsatile dopamine release induces persistent changes in motor circuits that are revealed by subsequent dopamine neuron activation in appropriate contexts. Repeated dopamine neuron activation causes involuntary movements in healthy rats These movements resemble levodopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian rats Movement severity depends on the history of prior stimulation Movement severity is diminished in rats actively engaged in goal-directed behavior
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hunter
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexandra Bova
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Stevens
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel K Leventhal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Parkinson Disease Foundation Research Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Neurology, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Angela Cenci M, Skovgård K, Odin P. Non-dopaminergic approaches to the treatment of motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Behavioral and neurochemical interactions of the tricyclic antidepressant drug desipramine with L-DOPA in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Implications for motor and psychiatric functions in Parkinson's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3633-3656. [PMID: 36178508 PMCID: PMC9584871 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The pharmacological effects of antidepressants in modulating noradrenergic transmission as compared to serotonergic transmission in a rat model of Parkinson's disease under chronic L-DOPA therapy are insufficiently explored. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine administered chronically alone or jointly with L-DOPA, on motor behavior and monoamine metabolism in selected brain structures of rats with the unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. METHODS The antiparkinsonian activities of L-DOPA and desipramine were assessed behaviorally using a rotation test and biochemically based on changes in the tissue concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites, evaluated separately for the ipsi- and contralateral motor (striatum, substantia nigra) and limbic (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus) structures of rat brain by HPLC method. RESULTS Desipramine administered alone did not induce rotational behavior, but in combination with L-DOPA, it increased the number of contralateral rotations more strongly than L-DOPA alone. Both L-DOPA and desipramine + L-DOPA significantly increased DA levels in the ipsilateral striatum, substantia nigra, prefrontal cortex and the ipsi- and contralateral hippocampus. The combined treatment also significantly increased noradrenaline content in the ipsi- and contralateral striatum, while L-DOPA alone decreased serotonin level on both sides of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The performed analysis of the level of monoamines and their metabolites in the selected brain structures suggests that co-modulation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson's disease by the combined therapy with desipramine + L-DOPA may have some positive implications for motor and psychiatric functions but further research is needed to exclude potential negative effects.
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Booth S, Ramadan A, Zhang D, Lu L, Kirouac G, Jackson MF, Anderson C, Ko JH. The Vasomotor Response to Dopamine Is Altered in the Rat Model of l-dopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2021; 36:938-947. [PMID: 33135810 PMCID: PMC8246949 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levodopa (l-dopa) is the frontline treatment for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, prolonged use of l-dopa results in a motor complication known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in ~50% of patients over 5 years. OBJECTIVES We investigated neurovascular abnormalities in a rat model of LID by examining changes in angiogenesis and dopamine-dependent vessel diameter changes. METHODS Differences in striatal and nigral angiogenesis in a parkinsonian rat model (6-OHDA lesion) treated with 2 doses of l-dopa (saline, 2, and 10 mg/kg/day subcutaneous l-dopa treatment for 22 days) by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-RECA1 co-immunofluorescence. Difference in the vasomotor response to dopamine was examined with 2-photon laser scanning microscopy and Dodt gradient imaging. RESULTS We found that the 10 mg/kg l-dopa dosing regimen induced LID in all animals (n = 5) and induced significant angiogenesis in the striatum and substantia nigra. In contrast, the 2 mg/kg treatment induced LID in 6 out of 12 rats and led to linearly increasing LID severity over the 22-day treatment period, making this a promising model for studying LID progression longitudinally. However, no significantly different level of angiogenesis was observed between LID versus non-LID animals. Dopamine-induced vasodilatory responses were exaggerated only in rats that show LID-like signs compared to the rest of groups. Additionally, in juvenile rats, we showed that DA-induced vasodilation is preceded by increased Ca2+ release in the adjacent astrocytes. CONCLUSION This finding supports that astrocytic dopamine signaling controls striatal blood flow bidirectionally, and the balance is altered in LID. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Booth
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Kleyson Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Science CentreWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Abdullah Ramadan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Kleyson Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Science CentreWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Kleyson Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Science CentreWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Lingling Lu
- Kleyson Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Science CentreWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Gilbert Kirouac
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Michael F. Jackson
- Kleyson Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Science CentreWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Chris Anderson
- Kleyson Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Science CentreWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ji Hyun Ko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Kleyson Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Science CentreWinnipegManitobaCanada
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11
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Chen J, Wang Q, Li N, Huang S, Li M, Cai J, Wang Y, Wen H, Lv S, Wang N, Wang J, Luo F, Zhang W. Dyskinesia is Closely Associated with Synchronization of Theta Oscillatory Activity Between the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata and Motor Cortex in the Off L-dopa State in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:323-338. [PMID: 33210188 PMCID: PMC7955013 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive theta (θ) frequency oscillation and synchronization in the basal ganglia (BG) has been reported in elderly parkinsonian patients and animal models of levodopa (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID), particularly the θ oscillation recorded during periods when L-dopa is withdrawn (the off L-dopa state). To gain insight into processes underlying this activity, we explored the relationship between primary motor cortex (M1) oscillatory activity and BG output in LID. We recorded local field potentials in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and M1 of awake, inattentive resting rats before and after L-dopa priming in Sham control, Parkinson disease model, and LID model groups. We found that chronic L-dopa increased θ synchronization and information flow between the SNr and M1 in off L-dopa state LID rats, with a SNr-to-M1 flow directionality. Compared with the on state, θ oscillational activity (θ synchronization and information flow) during the off state were more closely associated with abnormal involuntary movements. Our findings indicate that θ oscillation in M1 may be consequent to abnormal synchronous discharges in the BG and support the notion that M1 θ oscillation may participate in the induction of dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanxiang Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shujie Huang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Min Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Junbin Cai
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yuzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huantao Wen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Siyuan Lv
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wangming Zhang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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12
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Lanza K, Centner A, Coyle M, Del Priore I, Manfredsson FP, Bishop C. Genetic suppression of the dopamine D3 receptor in striatal D1 cells reduces the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113534. [PMID: 33249031 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is symptomatically managed with L-DOPA but chronic use results in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) characterized by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). In LID, dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) are upregulated on D1 receptor (D1R)-bearing medium spiny neurons where the can synergistically drive downstream signaling and motor behaviors. Despite evidence implying D1R-D3R cooperativity in LID, the dyskinesiogenic role of D3R has never been directly tested. To this end, we developed a specific cre-dependent microRNA (miRNA) to irreversibly prevent D3R upregulation in D1R striatal cells. D1-Cre rats received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Three weeks later, rats received an adeno-associated virus expressing either D3R miRNA or a scrambled (SCR) miRNA delivered into the striatum. After 4 weeks, rats received chronic L-DOPA (6 mg/kg) or vehicle. AIMs development and motor behaviors were assayed throughout treatment. At the conclusion of the experiment, efficacy and fidelity of the miRNA strategy was analyzed using in situ hybridization (ISH). ISH analyses demonstrated that D1R+/D3R+ cells were upregulated in LID and that the selective D3R miRNA reduced D1R+/D3R+ co-expression. Importantly, silencing of D3R also significantly attenuated LID development without impacting L-DOPA efficacy or other locomotion. These data highlight a dyskinesiogenic role of D3R within D1R cells in LID and highlight aberrant D1R-D3R interactions as targets of LID management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lanza
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.
| | - Ashley Centner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Michael Coyle
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Isabella Del Priore
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
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13
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Lecours C, St-Pierre MK, Picard K, Bordeleau M, Bourque M, Awogbindin IO, Benadjal A, Ibanez FG, Gagnon D, Cantin L, Parent M, Di Paolo T, Tremblay ME. Levodopa partially rescues microglial numerical, morphological, and phagolysosomal alterations in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:81-96. [PMID: 32755645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder. The mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of Levodopa (L-Dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID) during PD treatment remain elusive. Emerging evidence implicates functional modification of microglia in the development of LID. Thus, understanding the link between microglia and the development of LID may provide the knowledge required to preserve or promote beneficial microglial functions, even during a prolonged L-Dopa treatment. To provide novel insights into microglial functional alterations in PD pathophysiology, we characterized their density, morphology, ultrastructure, and degradation activity in the sensorimotor functional territory of the putamen, using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) cynomolgus monkeys. A subset of MPTP monkeys was treated orally with L-Dopa and developed LID similar to PD patients. Using a combination of light, confocal and transmission electron microscopy, our quantitative analyses revealed alterations of microglial density, morphology and phagolysosomal activity following MPTP intoxication that were partially normalized with L-Dopa treatment. In particular, microglial density, cell body and arborization areas were increased in the MPTP monkeys, whereas L-Dopa-treated MPTP animals presented a microglial phenotype similar to the control animals. At the ultrastructural level, microglia did not differ between groups in their markers of cellular stress or aging. Nevertheless, microglia from the MPTP monkeys displayed reduced numbers of endosomes, compared with control animals, that remained lower after L-Dopa treatment. Microglia from MPTP monkeys treated with L-Dopa also had increased numbers of primary lysosomes compared with non-treated MPTP animals, while secondary and tertiary lysosomes remained unchanged. Moreover, a decrease microglial immunoreactivity for CD68, considered a marker of phagocytosis and lysosomal activity, was measured in the MPTP monkeys treated with L-Dopa, compared with non-treated MPTP animals. Taken together, these findings revealed significant changes in microglia during PD pathophysiology that were partially rescued by L-Dopa treatment. Albeit, this L-Dopa treatment conferred phagolysosomal insufficiency on microglia in the dyskinetic Parkinsonian monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lecours
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Bordeleau
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Integrated Program of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Bourque
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ifeoluwa Oluleke Awogbindin
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neuroimmunology Group, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amin Benadjal
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Biologie Intégrative et Physiologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris VI, France
| | | | - Dave Gagnon
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Leo Cantin
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Therese Di Paolo
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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14
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Dopamine receptor cooperativity synergistically drives dyskinesia, motor behavior, and striatal GABA neurotransmission in hemiparkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Lanza K, Chemakin K, Lefkowitz S, Saito C, Chambers N, Bishop C. Reciprocal cross-sensitization of D1 and D3 receptors following pharmacological stimulation in the hemiparkinsonian rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:155-165. [PMID: 31435690 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the majority of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, long-term dopamine (DA) replacement therapy leads to dyskinesia characterized by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). There are various mechanisms of dyskinesia, such as the sensitization of striatal DA D1 receptors (D1R) and upregulation of DA D3 receptors (D3R). These receptors interact physically and functionally in D1R-bearing medium spiny neurons to synergistically drive dyskinesia. However, the cross-receptor-mediated effects due to D1R-D3R cooperativity are still poorly understood. In pursuit of this, we examined whether or not pharmacological D1R or D3R stimulation sensitizes the dyskinetic response to the appositional agonist, a process known as cross-sensitization. First, we established D1R-D3R behavioral synergy in a cohort of 6-OHDA-lesioned female adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, in a new cohort, we tested for cross-sensitization in a between-subject design. Five groups received a sub-chronic regimen of either saline, the D1R agonist SKF38393 (1.0 mg/kg), or the D3R agonist PD128907 (0.3 mg/kg). For the final injection, each group received an acute injection of the other agonist. AIMs were monitored following each injection. Sub-chronic administration of both SKF38393 and PD128907 induced the development of dyskinesia. More importantly, cross-agonism tests revealed reciprocal cross-sensitization; chronic treatment with either SKF38393 or PD128907 induced sensitization to a single administration of the other agonist. This reciprocity was not marked by changes to either D1R or D3R striatal mRNA expression. The current study provides key behavioral data demonstrating the role of D3R in dyskinesia and provides behavioral evidence of D1R and D3R functional interactions.
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzopyrans/pharmacology
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/metabolism
- Female
- Oxazines/pharmacology
- Oxidopamine
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lanza
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Katherine Chemakin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Sarah Lefkowitz
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Carolyn Saito
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Nicole Chambers
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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16
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Peng Q, Zhong S, Tan Y, Zeng W, Wang J, Cheng C, Yang X, Wu Y, Cao X, Xu Y. The Rodent Models of Dyskinesia and Their Behavioral Assessment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1016. [PMID: 31681132 PMCID: PMC6798181 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyskinesia, a major motor complication resulting from dopamine replacement treatment, manifests as involuntary hyperkinetic or dystonic movements. This condition poses a challenge to the treatment of Parkinson's disease. So far, several behavioral models based on rodent with dyskinesia have been established. These models have provided an important platform for evaluating the curative effect of drugs at the preclinical research level over the past two decades. However, there are differences in the modeling and behavioral testing procedures among various laboratories that adversely affect the rat and mouse models as credible experimental tools in this field. This article systematically reviews the history, the pros and cons, and the controversies surrounding rodent models of dyskinesia as well as their behavioral assessment protocols. A summary of factors that influence the behavioral assessment in the rodent dyskinesia models is also presented, including the degree of dopamine denervation, stereotaxic lesion sites, drug regimen, monitoring styles, priming effect, and individual and strain differences. Besides, recent breakthroughs like the genetic mouse models and the bilateral intoxication models for dyskinesia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - WeiQi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Mishra A, Singh S, Tiwari V, Parul, Shukla S. Dopamine D1 receptor activation improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and exerts anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effect via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathways in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 122:170-186. [PMID: 30500462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily characterized by midbrain dopamine depletion. Dopamine acts through dopamine receptors (D1 to D5) to regulate locomotion, motivation, pleasure, attention, cognitive functions and formation of newborn neurons, all of which are likely to be impaired in PD. Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis associated with dopamine depletion has been demonstrated in patients with PD. However, the precise mechanism to regulate multiple steps of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by dopamine receptor(s) is still unknown. In this study, we tested whether pharmacological agonism and antagonism of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor regulate nonmotor symptoms, neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and fate specification and explored the cellular mechanism(s) underlying dopamine receptor (D1 and D2) mediated adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rat model of PD-like phenotypes. We found that single unilateral intra-medial forebrain bundle administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) reduced D1 receptor level in the hippocampus. Pharmacological agonism of D1 receptor exerts anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects as well as enhanced NSC proliferation, long-term survival and neuronal differentiation by positively regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hippocampus in PD rats. shRNA lentivirus mediated knockdown of Axin-2, a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling potentially attenuated D1 receptor antagonist induced anxiety and depression-like phenotypes and impairment in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in PD rats. Our results suggest that improved nonmotor symptoms and hippocampal neurogenesis in PD rats controlled by D1-like receptors that involve the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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18
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Lane EL. L-DOPA for Parkinson's disease-a bittersweet pill. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:384-398. [PMID: 30118169 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease. It has earned that title through its highly effective treatment of some of the motor symptoms in the early stages of the disease but it is a far from perfect drug. The inevitable long-term treatment that comes with this chronic neurodegenerative condition raises the risk significantly of the development of motor fluctuations including disabling L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Being unsurpassed as a therapy means that understanding the mechanisms of dyskinesia priming and induction is vital to the search for therapies to treat these side effects and allow optimal use of L-DOPA. However, L-DOPA use may also have consequences (positive or negative) for the development of other interventions, such as cell transplantation, which are designed to treat or repair the ailing brain. This review looks at the issues around the use of L-DOPA with a focus on its potential impact on advanced reparative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Lane
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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19
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Lanza K, Meadows SM, Chambers NE, Nuss E, Deak MM, Ferré S, Bishop C. Behavioral and cellular dopamine D 1 and D 3 receptor-mediated synergy: Implications for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:304-314. [PMID: 29936243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Individually, D1 and D3 dopamine receptors (D1R and D3R, respectively) have been implicated in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Of late, direct D1R-D3R interactions have been linked to LID yet remain enigmatic. Therefore, the current research sought to characterize consequences of putative D1R-D3R interactions in dyskinesia expression and in LID-associated downstream cellular signaling. To do so, adult male Sprague-Dawley hemi-parkinsonian rats were given daily L-DOPA (6 mg/kg; s.c.) for 2 weeks to establish stable LID, as measured via the abnormal voluntary movements (AIMs) scale. Thereafter, rats underwent dose-response AIMs testing for the D1R agonist SKF38393 (0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) and the D3R agonist, PD128907 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg). Each agonist dose-dependently induced dyskinesia, implicating individual receptor involvement. More importantly, when threshold doses were co-administered, rats displayed synergistic exacerbation of dyskinesia. Interestingly, this observation was not mirrored in general locomotor behaviors, highlighting a potentially dyskinesia-specific effect. To illuminate the mechanisms by which D1R-D3R co-stimulation led to in vivo synergy, levels of striatal phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) were quantified after administration of SKF38393 and/or PD128907. Combined agonist treatment synergistically drove striatal pERK1/2 expression. Together, these results support the presence of a functional, synergistic interaction between D1R and D3R that manifests both behaviorally and biochemically to drive dyskinesia in hemi-parkinsonian rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lanza
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Samantha M Meadows
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Nicole E Chambers
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Emily Nuss
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Molly M Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Sergi Ferré
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 251 Bayview Blvd #200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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20
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Cenci MA, Crossman AR. Animal models of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:889-899. [PMID: 29488257 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological mechanisms of l-dopa-induced motor complications is dependent on our ability to investigate these phenomena in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The most common motor complications consist in wearing-off fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements appearing when plasma levels of l-dopa are high, commonly referred to as peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. Parkinsonian models exhibiting these features have been well-characterized in both rodent and nonhuman primate species. The first animal models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia were produced in monkeys lesioned with N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and treated chronically with l-dopa to elicit choreic movements and dystonic postures. Seminal studies were performed in these models using both metabolic mapping and electrophysiological techniques, providing fundamental pathophysiological insights that have stood the test of time. A decade later, it was shown possible to reproduce peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in rats and mice rendered parkinsonian with nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. When treated with l-dopa, these animals exhibit abnormal involuntary movements having both hyperkinetic and dystonic components. These models have enabled molecular- and cellular-level investigations into the mechanisms of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. A flourishing literature using genetically engineered mice is now unraveling the role of specific genes and neural circuits in the development of l-dopa-induced motor complications. Both non-human primate and rodent models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia have excellent construct validity and provide valuable tools for discovering therapeutic targets and evaluating potential treatments. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Tronci E, Francardo V. Animal models of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat and mouse. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:1137-1144. [PMID: 29242978 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) represents a major limitation in the pharmacological therapy with the dopamine precursor L-DOPA. Indeed, the vast majority of parkinsonian patients develop dyskinesia within 9-10 years of L-DOPA oral administration. This makes the discovery of new therapeutic strategies an important need. In the last decades, several animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been developed, to both study mechanisms underlying PD pathology and treatment-induced side effects (i.e., LID) and to screen for new potential anti-parkinsonian and anti-dyskinetic treatments. Among all the models developed, the 6-OHDA-lesioned rodents represent the models of choice to mimic PD motor symptoms and LID, thanks to their reproducibility and translational value. Under L-DOPA treatment, rodents sustaining 6-OHDA lesions develop abnormal involuntary movements with dystonic and hyperkinetic features, resembling what seen in dyskinetic PD patients. These models have been extensively validated by the evidence that dyskinetic behaviors are alleviated by compounds reducing dyskinesia in patients and non-human primate models of PD. This article will focus on the translational value of the 6-OHDA rodent models of LID, highlighting their main features, advantages and disadvantages in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS554 Km 4.5, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Differential effects of levodopa and apomorphine on neuronal population oscillations in the cortico-basal ganglia loop circuit in vivo in experimental parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:122-133. [PMID: 28893517 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily based on two classes of drugs: dopamine precursors, namely levodopa, and dopamine receptor agonists, such as apomorphine. Although both types of agents exert their beneficial clinical effects on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD via dopamine receptors, clinical efficiency and side effects differ substantially between levodopa and apomorphine. Levodopa can provide a greater symptomatic relief than dopamine receptor agonists. However, because long-term levodopa use is associated with early debilitating motor fluctuations, dopamine receptor agonists are often recommended in younger patients. The pharmacodynamic basis of these profound differences is incompletely understood. It has been hypothesized that levodopa and dopamine receptor agonists may have diverging effects on beta and gamma oscillations that have been shown to be of importance for the pathophysiology of PD. Here, we used electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized dopamine-intact and dopamine-depleted rats to systemically compare the impact of levodopa or apomorphine on neuronal population oscillations in three nodes of the cortico-basal ganglia loop circuit. Our results showed that levodopa had a higher potency than apomorphine to suppress the abnormal beta oscillations often associated with bradykinesia while simultaneously enhancing the gamma oscillations often associated with increased movement. Our data suggests that the higher clinical efficacy of levodopa as well as some of its side effects, as e.g. dyskinesias may be based on its characteristic ability to modulate beta-/gamma-oscillation dynamics in the cortico-basal ganglia loop circuit.
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Effects of (−)-sesamin on motor and memory deficits in an MPTP-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson’s disease treated with l-DOPA. Neuroscience 2016; 339:644-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Del-Bel E, Bortolanza M, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Bariotto K, Raisman-Vozari R. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: Are neuroinflammation and astrocytes key elements? Synapse 2016; 70:479-500. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physiology; FMRP; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Behavioral Neuroscience; FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 13400 Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physiology; FMRP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Keila Bariotto
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Behavioral Neuroscience; FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 13400 Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- INSERM UMR 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC; Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpetrière-ICM (Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière); Paris France
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Duration of drug action of dopamine D2 agonists in mice with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions. Neuroreport 2016; 26:1126-32. [PMID: 26559726 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although 6-hydroxydopamine-induced (6-OHDA-induced) rats are a well-known Parkinson's disease model, the effects of dopamine D2 agonists in mice with 6-OHDA-induced lesions are not completely understood. We produced mice with 6-OHDA-induced lesions and measured their total locomotion counts following administration of several dopamine D2 agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole, cabergoline, rotigotine, apomorphine, talipexole, and quinelorane). Cabergoline showed the longest duration of drug action, which was in agreement with its long-lived anti-Parkinson effects in rats and humans. In contrast, pramipexole and ropinirole had notably short durations of drug action. We demonstrated that mice with 6-OHDA-induced lesions accompanied with significant lesions in the striatum may be reasonable models to predict the action duration of anti-Parkinson drug candidates in humans.
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Qi L, Thomas E, White SH, Smith SK, Lee CA, Wilson LR, Sombers LA. Unmasking the Effects of L-DOPA on Rapid Dopamine Signaling with an Improved Approach for Nafion Coating Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8129-36. [PMID: 27441547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
L-DOPA has been the gold standard for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, its efficacy wanes over time as motor complications develop. Very little is known about how L-DOPA therapy affects the dynamics of fluctuating dopamine concentrations in the striatum on a rapid time scale (seconds). Electrochemical studies investigating the effects of L-DOPA treatment on electrically evoked dopamine release have reported conflicting results with significant variability. We hypothesize that the uncertainty in the electrochemical data is largely due to electrode fouling caused by polymerization of L-DOPA and endogenous catecholamines on the electrode surface. Thus, we have systematically optimized the procedure for fabricating cylindrical, Nafion-coated, carbon-fiber microelectrodes. This has enabled rapid and reliable detection of L-DOPA's effects on striatal dopamine signaling in intact rat brain using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. An acute dose of 5 mg/kg L-DOPA had no significant effect on dopamine dynamics, demonstrating the highly efficient regulatory mechanisms at work in the intact brain. In contrast, administration of 200 mg/kg L-DOPA significantly increased the amplitude of evoked dopamine release by ∼200%. Overall, this work describes a reliable tool that allows a better measure of L-DOPA augmented dopamine release in vivo, measured using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. It provides a methodology that improves the stability and performance of the carbon-fiber microelectrode when studying the molecular mechanisms underlying L-DOPA therapy and also promises to benefit a wide variety of studies because Nafion is so commonly used in electroanalytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjiao Qi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elina Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stephanie H White
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Samantha K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Christie A Lee
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A Sombers
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Effect of the C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin on dyskinesia caused by levodopa in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 145:33-44. [PMID: 27090294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
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Avila-Luna A, Prieto-Leyva J, Gálvez-Rosas A, Alfaro-Rodriguez A, Gonzalez-Pina R, Bueno-Nava A. D1 Antagonists and D2 Agonists Have Opposite Effects on the Metabolism of Dopamine in the Rat Striatum. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1431-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Keber U, Klietz M, Carlsson T, Oertel WH, Weihe E, Schäfer MKH, Höglinger GU, Depboylu C. Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons are associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice. Neuroscience 2015; 298:302-17. [PMID: 25892702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the therapeutic gold standard in Parkinson's disease. However, long-term treatment is complicated by the induction of debilitating abnormal involuntary movements termed L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). Until today the underlying mechanisms of LID pathogenesis are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to reveal new factors, which may be involved in the induction of LID. We have focused on the expression of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons, which are capable of producing either L-DOPA or dopamine (DA) in target areas of ventral midbrain DAergic neurons. To address this issue, a daily L-DOPA dose was administered over the course of 15 days to mice with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the medial forebrain bundle and LIDs were evaluated. Remarkably, the number of striatal TH+ neurons strongly correlated with both induction and severity of LID as well as ΔFosB expression as an established molecular marker for LID. Furthermore, dyskinetic mice showed a marked augmentation of serotonergic fiber innervation in the striatum, enabling the decarboxylation of L-DOPA to DA. Axial, limb and orolingual dyskinesias were predominantly associated with TH+ neurons in the lateral striatum, whereas medially located TH+ neurons triggered locomotive rotations. In contrast, identified accumbal and cortical TH+ cells did not contribute to the generation of LID. Thus, striatal TH+ cells and serotonergic terminals may cooperatively synthesize DA and subsequently contribute to supraphysiological synaptic DA concentrations, an accepted cause in LID pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Keber
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Klietz
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - T Carlsson
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Section of Pharmacology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden(†)
| | - W H Oertel
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - E Weihe
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M K-H Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - G U Höglinger
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany(†); Department of Neurology, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Depboylu
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Rodent Models of Treatment-Related Complications in Parkinson Disease. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cenci MA. Presynaptic Mechanisms of l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia: The Findings, the Debate, and the Therapeutic Implications. Front Neurol 2014; 5:242. [PMID: 25566170 PMCID: PMC4266027 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) precursor l-DOPA has been the most effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) for over 40 years. However, the response to this treatment changes with disease progression, and most patients develop dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements) and motor fluctuations within a few years of l-DOPA therapy. There is wide consensus that these motor complications depend on both pre- and post-synaptic disturbances of nigrostriatal DA transmission. Several presynaptic mechanisms converge to generate large DA swings in the brain concomitant with the peaks-and-troughs of plasma l-DOPA levels, while post-synaptic changes engender abnormal functional responses in dopaminoceptive neurons. While this general picture is well-accepted, the relative contribution of different factors remains a matter of debate. A particularly animated debate has been growing around putative players on the presynaptic side of the cascade. To what extent do presynaptic disturbances in DA transmission depend on deficiency/dysfunction of the DA transporter, aberrant release of DA from serotonin neurons, or gliovascular mechanisms? And does noradrenaline (which is synthetized from DA) play a role? This review article will summarize key findings, controversies, and pending questions regarding the presynaptic mechanisms of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Intriguingly, the debate around these mechanisms has spurred research into previously unexplored facets of brain plasticity that have far-reaching implications to the treatment of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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33
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Muñoz A, Garrido-Gil P, Dominguez-Meijide A, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin type 1 receptor blockage reduces l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-1β. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:720-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bortolanza M, Cavalcanti-Kiwiatkoski R, Padovan-Neto FE, da-Silva CA, Mitkovski M, Raisman-Vozari R, Del-Bel E. Glial activation is associated with l-DOPA induced dyskinesia and blocked by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:377-87. [PMID: 25447229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease but can induce debilitating abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia). Here we show that the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is accompanied by upregulation of an inflammatory cascade involving nitric oxide. Male Wistar rats sustained unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle. After three weeks animals started to receive daily treatment with L-DOPA (30 mg/kg plus benserazide 7.5 mg/kg, for 21 days), combined with an inhibitor of neuronal NOS (7-nitroindazole, 7-NI, 30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (saline-PEG 50%). All animals treated with L-DOPA and vehicle developed abnormal involuntary movements, and this effect was prevented by 7-NI. L-DOPA-treated dyskinetic animals exhibited an increased striatal and pallidal expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in reactive astrocytes, an increased number of CD11b-positive microglial cells with activated morphology, and the rise of cells positive for inducible nitric oxide-synthase immunoreactivity (iNOS). All these indexes of glial activation were prevented by 7-NI co-administration. These findings provide evidence that the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is associated with activation of glial cells that promote inflammatory responses. The dramatic effect of 7-NI in preventing this glial response points to an involvement of nitric oxide. Moreover, the results suggest that the NOS inhibitor prevents dyskinesia at least in part via inhibition of glial cell activation and iNOS expression. Our observations indicate nitric oxide synthase inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammatory and glial components of dyskinesia pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Bortolanza
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Roberta Cavalcanti-Kiwiatkoski
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando E Padovan-Neto
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Aparecida da-Silva
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- Light Microscopy Facility Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Université UPMC UM75 INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Gambaryan PY, Kondrasheva IG, Severin ES, Guseva AA, Kamensky AA. Increasing the Efficiency of Parkinson's Disease Treatment Using a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Based L-DOPA Delivery System. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:246-52. [PMID: 25258572 PMCID: PMC4174616 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the efficacy of L-DOPA administered intranasally in the form of nanoparticles (nano-DOPA) and in standard drug forms using a rat Parkinson's Disease (PD) model. L-DOPA-containing nanoparticles (250±50 nm) were synthesized using the double emulsion method. The efficacy of nano-DOPA therapy was studied in Wistar rats with 6-OHDA-induced PD. Drugs were administered daily, 0.35 mg/kg (by L-DOPA). Animals' motor coordination and behavior were analyzed using the forelimb placing task and several other tests. Thirty minutes after the first administration, animals treated with L-DOPA, L-DOPA+benserazide, and nano-DOPA showed equally significant (p<0.05) improvements in coordination performance in comparison to the non-treated group. After 4 weeks of treatment, coordination performance in the nano-DOPA group (89±13% of the intact control level) was twice as high as in the L-DOPA and L-DOPA+benserazide groups, which did not differ from non-treated animals. The effect of nano-DOPA was significantly higher and more long-lasting (90±13% at 24 h after administration); moreover, it was still significant one week after the treatment was discontinued. Intranasal nano-DOPA was found to provide a lasting motor function recovery in the 6-OHDA-induced rat PD model with the effect sustained for one week after discontinuation, while the same doses of standard drugs provided significant effect only after the first administration. L-DOPA administered in the form of PLGA-based nanoparticles had a higher effective half-life, bioavailability, and efficacy; it was also efficiently delivered to the brain by intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Gambaryan
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Kondrasheva
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Severin
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Guseva
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kamensky
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Dragicevic E, Poetschke C, Duda J, Schlaudraff F, Lammel S, Schiemann J, Fauler M, Hetzel A, Watanabe M, Lujan R, Malenka RC, Striessnig J, Liss B. Cav1.3 channels control D2-autoreceptor responses via NCS-1 in substantia nigra dopamine neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2287-302. [PMID: 24934288 PMCID: PMC4107734 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine midbrain neurons within the substantia nigra are particularly prone to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Their selective loss causes the major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but the causes for the high vulnerability of SN DA neurons, compared to neighbouring, more resistant ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons, are still unclear. Consequently, there is still no cure available for Parkinson's disease. Current therapies compensate the progressive loss of dopamine by administering its precursor l-DOPA and/or dopamine D2-receptor agonists. D2-autoreceptors and Cav1.3-containing L-type Ca(2+) channels both contribute to Parkinson's disease pathology. L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers protect SN DA neurons from degeneration in Parkinson's disease and its mouse models, and they are in clinical trials for neuroprotective Parkinson's disease therapy. However, their physiological functions in SN DA neurons remain unclear. D2-autoreceptors tune firing rates and dopamine release of SN DA neurons in a negative feedback loop through activation of G-protein coupled potassium channels (GIRK2, or KCNJ6). Mature SN DA neurons display prominent, non-desensitizing somatodendritic D2-autoreceptor responses that show pronounced desensitization in PARK-gene Parkinson's disease mouse models. We analysed surviving human SN DA neurons from patients with Parkinson's disease and from controls, and detected elevated messenger RNA levels of D2-autoreceptors and GIRK2 in Parkinson's disease. By electrophysiological analysis of postnatal juvenile and adult mouse SN DA neurons in in vitro brain-slices, we observed that D2-autoreceptor desensitization is reduced with postnatal maturation. Furthermore, a transient high-dopamine state in vivo, caused by one injection of either l-DOPA or cocaine, induced adult-like, non-desensitizing D2-autoreceptor responses, selectively in juvenile SN DA neurons, but not ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. With pharmacological and genetic tools, we identified that the expression of this sensitized D2-autoreceptor phenotype required Cav1.3 L-type Ca(2+) channel activity, internal Ca(2+), and the interaction of the neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 with D2-autoreceptors. Thus, we identified a first physiological function of Cav1.3 L-type Ca(2+) channels in SN DA neurons for homeostatic modulation of their D2-autoreceptor responses. L-type Ca(2+) channel activity however, was not important for pacemaker activity of mouse SN DA neurons. Furthermore, we detected elevated substantia nigra dopamine messenger RNA levels of NCS-1 (but not Cav1.2 or Cav1.3) after cocaine in mice, as well as in remaining human SN DA neurons in Parkinson's disease. Thus, our findings provide a novel homeostatic functional link in SN DA neurons between Cav1.3- L-type-Ca(2+) channels and D2-autoreceptor activity, controlled by NCS-1, and indicate that this adaptive signalling network (Cav1.3/NCS-1/D2/GIRK2) is also active in human SN DA neurons, and contributes to Parkinson's disease pathology. As it is accessible to pharmacological modulation, it provides a novel promising target for tuning substantia nigra dopamine neuron activity, and their vulnerability to degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dragicevic
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Duda
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Falk Schlaudraff
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Lammel
- 2 Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Julia Schiemann
- 3 Institute of Neurophysiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Hetzel
- 4 Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- 5 Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rafael Lujan
- 6 Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Robert C Malenka
- 2 Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Joerg Striessnig
- 7 Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Liss
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Modeling dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson disease. Exp Neurol 2014; 256:105-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Simola N, Morelli M, Frazzitta G, Frau L. Role of movement in long-term basal ganglia changes: implications for abnormal motor responses. Front Comput Neurosci 2013; 7:142. [PMID: 24167489 PMCID: PMC3805948 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and dyskinesias elicited by drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia are a major issue in the management of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Preclinical studies in dopamine-denervated animals have contributed to the modeling of these abnormal movements, but the precise neurochemical and functional mechanisms underlying these untoward effects are still elusive. It has recently been suggested that the performance of movement may itself promote the later emergence of drug-induced motor complications, by favoring the generation of aberrant motor memories in the dopamine-denervated basal ganglia. Our recent results from hemiparkinsonian rats subjected to the priming model of dopaminergic stimulation are in agreement with this. These results demonstrate that early performance of movement is crucial for the manifestation of sensitized rotational behavior, indicative of an abnormal motor response, and neurochemical modifications in selected striatal neurons following a dopaminergic challenge. Building on this evidence, this paper discusses the possible role of movement performance in drug-induced motor complications, with a look at the implications for PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Simola
- 1Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
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Lorenc-Koci E, Czarnecka A, Lenda T, Kamińska K, Konieczny J. Molsidomine, a nitric oxide donor, modulates rotational behavior and monoamine metabolism in 6-OHDA lesioned rats treated chronically with L-DOPA. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:790-804. [PMID: 24090640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some biochemical and histological studies of Parkinson's disease patients' brains and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats suggest that dopaminergic dennervation of the striatum leads to the nitrergic system hypofunction in this structure. Hence, recently the modulation of nitric oxide (NO)- soluble guanylyl cyclase-cyclic GMP signaling is considered to be a new target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of chronic combined treatment with low doses of the NO donor molsidomine (2 and 4mg/kg) and L-DOPA (12.5 and 25mg/kg) on rotational behavior and monoamine metabolism in the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra (SN) of unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Chronic administration of molsidomine at a dose of 2mg/kg jointly with 25mg/kg of L-DOPA significantly decreased the number of contralateral rotations when compared to L-DOPA alone. Other combinations of the examined drug doses were less effective. The tissue DA levels in the ipsilateral STR and SN after the last chronic doses of molsidomine (2mg/kg) and L-DOPA (12.5 or 25mg/kg), were significantly higher than after L-DOPA alone. Chronic L-DOPA treatment alone or jointly with a lower dose of molsidomine decreased 5-HT levels and accelerated its catabolism in the examined structures. However, combination of a higher dose of molsidomine with L-DOPA (25mg/kg) did not reduce 5-HT content while its catabolism was less intensive. The obtained results show that low doses of molsidomine can modulate rotational behavior and tissue DA and 5-HT concentrations in the STR and SN of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats treated chronically with L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Lorenc-Koci
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna St., PL-31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Niethammer M, Eidelberg D. Metabolic brain networks in translational neurology: concepts and applications. Ann Neurol 2012; 72:635-47. [PMID: 22941893 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, functional imaging techniques have become commonplace in the study of brain disease. Nevertheless, very few validated analytical methods have been developed specifically to identify and measure systems-level abnormalities in living patients. Network approaches are particularly relevant for translational research in the neurodegenerative disorders, which often involve stereotyped abnormalities in brain organization. In recent years, spatial covariance mapping, a multivariate analytical tool applied mainly to metabolic images acquired in the resting state, has provided a useful means of objectively assessing brain disorders at the network level. By quantifying network activity in individual subjects on a scan-by-scan basis, this technique makes it possible to objectively assess disease progression and the response to treatment on a system-wide basis. To illustrate the utility of network imaging in neurological research, we review recent applications of this approach in the study of Parkinson disease and related movement disorders. Novel uses of the technique are discussed, including the prediction of cognitive responses to dopaminergic therapy, evaluation of the effects of placebo treatment on network activity, assessment of preclinical disease progression, and the use of automated pattern-based algorithms to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Niethammer
- Center for Neurosciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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41
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Billet F, Costentin J, Dourmap N. Influence of corticostriatal δ-opioid receptors on abnormal involuntary movements induced by L-DOPA in hemiparkinsonian rats. Exp Neurol 2012; 236:339-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Iderberg H, Francardo V, Pioli E. Animal models of l-DOPA–induced dyskinesia: an update on the current options. Neuroscience 2012; 211:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ohlin KE, Sebastianutto I, Adkins CE, Lundblad C, Lockman PR, Cenci MA. Impact of L-DOPA treatment on regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the basal ganglia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 2012; 61:228-39. [PMID: 22406356 PMCID: PMC4455552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) have been measured in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) following the administration of L-DOPA, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown. In this study, rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions were used to compare patterns of rCBF and regional cerebral glucose utilisation (rCGU) in chronically L-DOPA-treated subjects following a final injection of L-DOPA or saline. The same animal model was used to the leakage of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) tracer molecule at 60 min vs. 24h following the last L-DOPA injection of a chronic treatment. All the parameters under investigation were examined with brain autoradiography following intravenous injections of specific radiotracers in awake animals ([14C]-iodoantipyrine for rCBF, [14C]-2-deoxyglucose for rCGU, and [14C]-α-aminoisobutyric acid for BBB leakage). Significant changes in rCBF and rCGU on the side ipsilateral to the 6-OHDA lesion relative to the non-lesioned side were seen at 60 min ("ON") but not 24h ("OFF") following L-DOPA administration. These changes were not seen in sham-operated rats. In the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (the entopeduncular nucleus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata) both rCBF and rCGU were elevated both in acutely L-DOPA-treated rats and chronically L-DOPA-treated rats displaying dyskinesia, but did not change significantly in chronically L-DOPA-treated non-dyskinetic cases. Acutely and chronically L-DOPA-treated rats with dyskinesia exhibited increases in rCBF "ON L-DOPA" also in the motor cortex, the striatum, and the globus pallidus, but the corresponding changes in rCGU did not show the same direction, magnitude, and/or relative group differences. The uptake of a BBB tracer (studied in the striatum and the substantia nigra reticulata in chronically L-DOPA treated rats) was significantly higher ON vs. OFF L-DOPA. The present results are the first to show that the administration of L-DOPA is followed by transient and robust increases in rCBF in the dopamine-denervated basal ganglia. This effect occurs already upon acute L-DOPA treatment and persists upon repeated drug administration in animals that develop dyskinesia. Increases in rCBF ON L-DOPA are not necessarily accompanied by enhanced glucose utilisation in the affected regions, pointing to altered mechanisms of neurovascular coupling. Finally, our results show that increases in rCBF ON L-DOPA may be accompanied by BBB hyperpermeability in the most affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Elisabet Ohlin
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irene Sebastianutto
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chris E. Adkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Cornelia Lundblad
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Medical Science Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul R. Lockman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - M. Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Sgambato-Faure V, Cenci MA. Glutamatergic mechanisms in the dyskinesias induced by pharmacological dopamine replacement and deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 96:69-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Striatal inhibition of calpains prevents levodopa-induced neurochemical changes and abnormal involuntary movements in the hemiparkinsonian rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:645-55. [PMID: 22037042 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological dopamine replacement with l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) remains the most effective approach to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, as the disease progresses, the therapeutic response to L-DOPA gradually becomes erratic and is associated with the emergence of dyskinesia in the majority of patients. The pathogenesis of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is still unknown. In the current study, using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD, we demonstrated that the calcium-dependent proteins calpains and cdk5 of the striatum play a critical role in the behavioral and molecular changes evoked by L-DOPA therapy. We first confirmed that L-DOPA reversed PD symptoms, assessed by the cylinder, stepping and vibrissae-elicited reaching tests in this animal model, and elicited robust abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) reminiscent of LID. Interestingly, intrastriatal infusion of the calpains inhibitor MDL28170, and to a lower extent the cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, reduced the severity and amplitude of AIMs without affecting L-DOPA's antiparkinsonian effects. Notably, the calpains and cdk5 inhibitors totally reversed the striatal molecular changes attributed to L-DOPA therapy, such as ERK1/2 and dynamin phosphorylation. Another fascinating observation was that L-DOPA therapy, in combination with intrastriatal infusion of MDL28170, augmented tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the striatum of lesioned rats without affecting the number of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra. These findings disclose a novel mechanism underlying the maladaptive alterations induced by L-DOPA therapy in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD.
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Yin LL, Geng XC, Zhu XZ. The involvement of RGS9 in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesias in unilateral 6-OHDA lesion rat model. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:367-72. [PMID: 21963945 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) often leads to abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), mediated by DA receptors. However, mechanisms underlying LID occurrence are still unclear. Regulator of G-protein signaling RGS9, a member of the RGS family of GTPase accelerating proteins, is expressed specifically in the striatum, has been reported participated in LID. L-DOPA-induced AIMs can be modeled in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions by chronic injection of L-DOPA. Herein, we compared the rotational responses and AIMs in 6-OHDA lesioned rats with L-DOPA/benserazide (10/2.5 mg/kg, once per day, i.p.) administration for 14 days whereas control animals received injections of saline. Furthermore, whether sub-chronic L-DOPA treatment impact RGS9 mRNA or protein expression in 6-OHDA lesion rats were also evaluated. As results shown, rotational behavior was not increased significantly, while an obvious AIMs were observed in rats with L-DOPA/benserazide (10/2.5mg/kg, i.p.) administration sub-chronically. In addition, expressions of RGS9 protein or mRNA analyzed by Western blot or real-time PCR with striatal extracts increased significantly after L-DOPA/benserazide. These data demonstrate that RGS9 expression can be modulated by sub-chronic L-DOPA/benserazide administration and increased RGS9 expression in striatum may be one of the reasons for the side effects such as dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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Kääriäinen TM, Käenmäki M, Forsberg MM, Oinas N, Tammimäki A, Männistö PT. Unpredictable Rotational Responses to L-dopa in the Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease: the Role of L-dopa Pharmacokinetics and Striatal Dopamine Depletion. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:162-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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48
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The locus coeruleus is directly implicated in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian rats: an electrophysiological and behavioural study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24679. [PMID: 21931808 PMCID: PMC3170382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being the most effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease, L-DOPA causes a development of dyskinetic movements in the majority of treated patients. L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is attributed to a dysregulated dopamine transmission within the basal ganglia, but serotonergic and noradrenergic systems are believed to play an important modulatory role. In this study, we have addressed the role of the locus coeruleus nucleus (LC) in a rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Single-unit extracellular recordings in vivo and behavioural and immunohistochemical approaches were applied in rats rendered dyskinetic by the destruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons followed by chronic treatment with L-DOPA. The results showed that L-DOPA treatment reversed the change induced by 6-hydroxydopamine lesions on LC neuronal activity. The severity of the abnormal involuntary movements induced by L-DOPA correlated with the basal firing parameters of LC neuronal activity. Systemic administration of the LC-selective noradrenergic neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine did not modify axial, limb, and orolingual dyskinesia, whereas chemical destruction of the LC with ibotenic acid significantly increased the abnormal involuntary movement scores. These results are the first to demonstrate altered LC neuronal activity in 6-OHDA lesioned rats treated with L-DOPA, and indicate that an intact noradrenergic system may limit the severity of this movement disorder.
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Cai XY, Kong XM, Fang Q, Ning P, Xu YJ, Zhang B, Xue SR. An Autoradiographic Study on the Pathogenesis of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia: Regulation of Dopamine Transporter by Levodopa in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2011; 9:11-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000328816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Ohlin KE, Francardo V, Lindgren HS, Sillivan SE, O'Sullivan SS, Luksik AS, Vassoler FM, Lees AJ, Konradi C, Cenci MA. Vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated by L-dopa in the parkinsonian brain: implications for the development of dyskinesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:2339-57. [PMID: 21771855 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier have been reported to occur in animal models of Parkinson's disease and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia, but the significance of these phenomena has remained unclear. Using a validated rat model of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia, this study demonstrates that chronic treatment with l-dopa dose dependently induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the basal ganglia nuclei. Vascular endothelial growth factor was abundantly expressed in astrocytes and astrocytic processes in the proximity of blood vessels. When co-administered with l-dopa, a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling significantly attenuated the development of dyskinesia and completely blocked the angiogenic response and associated increase in blood-brain barrier permeability induced by the treatment. The occurrence of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation was verified in post-mortem basal ganglia tissue from patients with Parkinson's disease with a history of dyskinesia, who exhibited increased microvascular density, microvascular nestin expression and an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid. These congruent findings in the rat model and human patients indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor is implicated in the pathophysiology of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia and emphasize an involvement of the microvascular compartment in the adverse effects of l-dopa pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elisabet Ohlin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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