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Pathak S, Godela R. Nardostachys jatamansi: Phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses, and pharmacological activities: A comprehensive review. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105764. [PMID: 38042505 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
A member of the Valerianacae family, Nardostachys jatamansi is the smallest, most primitive, perennial, dwarf, hairy, rhizomatous, herbaceous species. It has an enlarged antiquity of usage as ayurvedic medicine, homeopathic medicine, ethnomedicine, and the Indian system of medicine, and is now used in the modern medicine industry. In the ayurvedic medical system, the rhizomes of the plant are used as a bitter tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, epileptic treatment, and for hysteria. Pharmacological reports on Nardostachys jatamansi revealed its antifungal activity, hepatoprotective activity, central nervous system activity, anticonvulsant activity, neuroprotective activity, antiparkinson's activity, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, tranquilizing activity, antiestrogenic activity furthermore, Jatamansone has also been linked to anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-asthmatic, nematicidal, and antibacterial effects. This review article's objective is to go over traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Ethnomedicinal Importance, pharmacological activities, precise procedures for variety improvement, protection, and appropriate utilization, and recognize prospects for Nardostachys jatamansi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Pathak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramreddy Godela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Li J, Yu J, Guo J, Liu J, Wan G, Wei X, Yang X, Shi J. Nardostachys jatamansi and levodopa combination alleviates Parkinson's disease symptoms in rats through activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NLRP3 signaling pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1175-1185. [PMID: 37559448 PMCID: PMC10416743 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2244176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Levodopa combined with traditional Chinese medicine has a synergistic effect on Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, we demonstrated that Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. [syn. Patrinia jatamansi D.Don, N. grandiflora DC.] (Valerianaceae) (NJ) can alleviate PD. OBJECTIVE To explore the synergistic effect of NJ combined with levodopa against PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PD model was established by injecting rotenone. Eighty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham, model, different doses of NJ (0.31, 0.62, or 1.24 g/kg) combined with levodopa (25 mg/kg), and levodopa alone (25 and 50 mg/kg) groups. The synergistic effect of the combination was investigated by pharmacodynamic investigation and detection of expression of nuclear factor erythro2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NLR family proteins containing Pyrin-related domain 3 (NLRP3) pathways. RESULTS Compared with the model group, NJ + levodopa (1.24 g/kg + 25 mg/kg) increased the moving distance of PD rats in the open field (2395.34 ± 668.73 vs. 1501.41 ± 870.23, p < 0.01), enhanced the stay time on the rotating rod (84.86 ± 18.15 vs. 71.36 ± 17.53, p < 0.01) and the combination was superior to other treatments. The synergistic effects were related to NJ + levodopa (1.24 g/kg + 25 mg/kg) increasing the neurotransmitter levels by 38.80%-88.67% in PD rats, and inhibiting oxidative stress and NLRP3 pathway by activating Nrf2 pathway. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS NJ combined with levodopa is a promising therapeutic candidate for PD, which provides a scientific basis for the subsequent clinical combination therapy of levodopa to enhance the anti-PD effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Arya A, Mittal V, Kaushik D, Kumar M, Alotaibi SS, Albogami SM, El-Saber Batiha G, Jeandet P. Mutivariate optimization strategy for the sonication-based extraction of Nardostachys jatamansi roots and analysis for chemical composition, anti-oxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 89:106133. [PMID: 36037596 PMCID: PMC9436804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from medicinal plants are generally obtained by conventional methods like percolation and maceration. Owing to limitations of traditional methods and to meet the rising demand of extracts, the development of new green approaches is need of hour. In the present research, we have developed an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method for the Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) D. Don, DC roots and optimized the extraction parameters for possible improved extract yield. A multivariate optimization strategy using the Centre Composite Design coupled with response surface methodology was applied. A numerical optimization approach accurately predicted the extraction conditions (sonication time ∼ 20 min, ethanol ∼ 70 % and a liquid/solid ratio of about 21:1). Scanning electron microscopy of the plant samples after UAE also indicated the cavitation effect due to sound waves. GC-MS analysis of the optimized ultrasound extract (OUNJ) confirmed improvement in the concentration of various secondary metabolites like jatamansone (91.8 % increase), spirojatamol (42.3 % increase), globulol (130.4 % increase), sitosterol (84.6 % increase) as compared to the soxhlet extract (SXNJ). Different anti-oxidant parameters (DPPH, Glutathione, Catalase SOD and NO) were also significantly altered (p < 0.05) in the optimized extracts. The IC50 to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in vitro and its concentration in brain homogenates were significantly (p < 0.05) improved by OUNJ extract as compared to the SXNJ ones. To conclude, we can say that established optimized conditions for UAE of N. jatamansi roots not only reduce the extraction time but also improved the pharmacological potential of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana (133207), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims, Research Unit-Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707 - USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51687 Reims, France.
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Greifová H, Jambor T, Tokárová K, Knížatová N, Lukáč N. In Vitro Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Oxidative Balance and Intercellular Communication of Leydig Cells Subjected to Induced Oxidative Stress. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have revealed that oxidative stress is a primary factor in the pathogenesis of male reproductive system dysfunctions. The strong antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of resveratrol have previously been demonstrated, but its effect in the context of the male reproduction
remains unconvincing. To observe the biological activity of resveratrol in protecting the male reproductive function, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Leydig cells was used as a cell model. The aim of the present study was to examine if resveratrol could induce changes in the
gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), nitric oxide production, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in TM3 Leydig cells subjected to H2O2. The Leydig cells were exposed to a resveratrol treatment (5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μM) in the
presence or absence of H2O2 (300/600 μM) during a 24 h in vitro culture. The cell lysates to assess TOS and TAC, NO production were quantified in a culture medium using the Griess method, and the Scrape Loading/Dye Transfer (SL/DT) technique was used for the
determination of GJIC in the exposed TM3 Leydig cells. Treatment with higher doses of resveratrol alone led to a significantly increased TOS (p<0.05 with 100 μM) and NO production (p<0.05 with 50 μM and 100 μM), but significantly reduced TAC (p<0.01 with 100 μM) and GJIC
(p<0.05 with 100 μM), while the SL/DT evaluation in the cells exposed to resveratrol at concentrations 5 μM (p<0.05) and 10 μM (p<0.01) revealed a significant stimulation of GJIC. The most potent cytoprotective or stimulatory effect of resveratrol in the cells co-exposed
to oxidative stress (300 μM H2O2) was observed at a concentration of 10 μM in the case of GJIC, which was manifested by a significant increase in the values (p<0.05) compared to the control group treated with H2O2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Greifová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Jambor
- BioFood Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Knížatová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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Wang M, Yang TT, Rao Y, Wang ZM, Dong X, Zhang LH, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhu Y, Gao XM, Li TX, Wang HY, Xu YT, Wu HH. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and the analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114446. [PMID: 34339792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Nardostachys (Caprifoliaceae) have been used for a long history in different cultural systems of medicine, including Chinese, Ayurvedic, Korean folk medicine and Islamic, for treatments of disorders in nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide comprehensive information on Nardostachys plants including botany update, traditional uses, data mining of uses in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and current Chinese medicinal patents, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, toxicity and analytical method studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies of the genus Nardostachys were collected via Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, NLM/NCBI, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, EMBASE, Huabeing database and Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Network and libraries. Some local books, PhD or MS's dissertations were also included. The literatures cited in this review covered the period from 1962 to March 2021. The Plant List and Kew Herbarium Catalogue databases were used to authenticate the scientific name. RESULTS Botany description of Nardostachys genus is updated. Analysis of the literatures indicates that Nardostachys species are valuable herbs with therapeutic potentials for various disorders. Data mining on ancient TCM prescriptions and current Chinese medicinal patents containing Nardostachys revealed its common compatibility with other herbs in China. Phytochemical studies identified terpenoids and phenolic compounds as the main constituents in the genus Nardostachys and sesquiterpenoids as the major bioactive components. Experimental studies demonstrated that crude extracts, major fractions and the main constituents from Nardostachys species mainly exhibited pharmacological activities on nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and skin systems. Further, in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies demonstrated that Nardostachys plants showed either no or low toxicities, except at high doses. Finally, methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses on chemical constituents of genus Nardostachys were summarized, including TLC/HPTLC, GC and HPLC/UPLC methods, combined with common detectors including PDA, DAD and MS. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. Studies demonstrate traditional uses of the genus Nardostachys, and reveal novel bioactive effects for clinical uses. These achievements expand our knowledge on the genus Nardostachys and its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xueqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Firdaus Z, Singh TD. An Insight in Pathophysiological Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease and its Management Using Plant Natural Products. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:35-57. [PMID: 32744972 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200730155928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated nervous system disorder and a leading cause of dementia worldwide. Clinically, it is described by cognitive impairment and pathophysiologically by deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and neurodegeneration. This article reviews the pathophysiology, course of neuronal degeneration, and the various possible hypothesis of AD progression. These hypotheses include amyloid cascade, tau hyperphosphorylation, cholinergic disruption, metal dysregulation, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. There is an exponential increase in the occurrence of AD in the recent few years that indicate an urgent need to develop some effective treatment. Currently, only 2 classes of drugs are available for AD treatment, namely acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist. Since AD is a complex neurological disorder and these drugs use a single target approach, alternatives are needed due to limited effectiveness and unpleasant side-effects of these drugs. Currently, plants have been used for drug development research especially because of their multiple sites of action and fewer side effects. Uses of some herbs and phytoconstituents for the management of neuronal disorders like AD have been documented in this article. Phytochemical screening of these plants shows the presence of many beneficial constituents like flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, sterols, polyphenols, and tannins. These compounds show a wide array of pharmacological activities, such as anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidants. This article summarizes the present understanding of AD progression and gathers biochemical evidence from various works on natural products that can be useful in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, India
| | - Tryambak Deo Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, India
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Singh AK, Rai SN, Maurya A, Mishra G, Awasthi R, Shakya A, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Vamanu E, Chaudhary SK, Singh MP. Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents in Management of Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5578574. [PMID: 34211570 PMCID: PMC8208882 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since primitive times, herbs have been extensively used in conventional remedies for boosting cognitive impairment and age-associated memory loss. It is mentioned that medicinal plants have a variety of dynamic components, and they have become a prominent choice for synthetic medications for the care of cognitive and associated disorders. Herbal remedies have played a major role in the progression of medicine, and many advanced drugs have already been developed. Many studies have endorsed practicing herbal remedies with phytoconstituents, for healing Alzheimer's disease (AD). All the information in this article was collated from selected research papers from online scientific databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The aim of this article is to convey the potential of herbal remedies for the prospect management of Alzheimer's and related diseases. Herbal remedies may be useful in the discovery and advancement of drugs, thus extending new leads for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Nanocarriers play a significant role in delivering herbal medicaments to a specific target. Therefore, many drugs have been described for the management of age-linked complaints such as dementia, AD, and the like. Several phytochemicals are capable of managing AD, but their therapeutic claims are restricted due to their lower solubility and metabolism. These limitations of natural therapeutics can be overcome by using a targeted nanocarrier system. This article will provide the primitive remedies as well as the development of herbal remedies for AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Anand Maurya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Assam 786004, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd, 1 District, 011464, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Mussoorie-Diversion Road, Makkawala, Dehradun 248 009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M. P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae-A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050846. [PMID: 33922184 PMCID: PMC8144999 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.
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Effect of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. on Apoptosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Doxorubicin in Wistar Rats. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111579. [PMID: 33203171 PMCID: PMC7734586 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the protective action of jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Methanolic extract of jatamansi (MEJ) was prepared and standardized using HPTLC fingerprinting, GC-MS chemoprofiling, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in vitro. Further in vivo activity was evaluated using rodent model. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 6) namely control (CNT) (Normal saline), toxicant (TOX, without any treatment), MEJ at low dose (JAT1), MEJ at high dose (JAT2), and standard desferrioxamine (STD). All groups except control received doxorubicin 2.5 mg per Kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks in twice a week regimen. After 3 weeks, the blood samples and cardiac tissues were collected from all groups for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Treatment with MEJ at both dose levels exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.001 vs. toxicant) of serum CK-MB (heart creatine kinase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) & HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) levels, and tissue MDA (melondialdehyde) level; insignificant difference was observed (p > 0.05) in TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor), IL-6 (interleukine-6) levels and caspase activity as compared to TOX. Histopathological evaluation of cardiac tissues of different treatment groups further reinforced the findings of biochemical estimation. This study concludes that jatamansi can protect cardiac tissues from oxidative stress-induced cell injury and lipid peroxidation as well as against inflammatory and apoptotic effects on cardiac tissues.
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Dhiman N, Bhattacharya A. Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC.-Challenges and opportunities of harnessing the untapped medicinal plant from the Himalayas. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112211. [PMID: 31533076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. (family Caprifoliaceae) is prized in the Chinese, Tibetan, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Indian and Japanese systems of medicine. Its medicinal properties are well documented in ancient literature such as the Ayurvedic classics, the Old Testament, Ben-Cao- Shi-Yi, and Homer's Iliad. The plant is critically endangered and found in the alpine and sub-alpine regions of the Himalayas. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aims to show the challenges and opportunities of harnessing the untapped pharmaceutical resources of N. jatamansi. Another aim is to explore the possibilities of translating ethnobotanical information into health benefit applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sources of information used in the study are government reports, dissertations, books, research articles and databases like Science-Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ACS Publications on N. jatamansi. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the study, we have examined and discussed reports on phytochemicals present in the plant, their structure, biological activity, pharmacological properties of extracts derived from plant parts, isolated compounds, and commercially available products from the plant. We have identified and discussed ambiguities and confusions about the plant's nomenclature and geographical distribution, and highlighted various studies that failed to discuss this issue. We analyzed the links between various reports on ethnobotanical information as well as studies on phytochemistry and pharmacologyconfirming the therapeutic properties of N. jatamansi. However, in many of these findings which had used dried samples, there was an uncanny resemblance between the phytochemical profiles and biological activities of N. jatamansi and Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. (another genus from family, Caprifoliaceae). Since both the species share identical vernacular names, a possible reason could be that the samples may not have been of two separate species. Other limitations of different studies were the use of out-dated techniques for phytochemical profiling, absence of toxicology studies using animal models and clinical trials using human subjects. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of various studies revealed a confusion about the botanical nomenclature of the plants and their geographical distributions. Absence of proper markers for identification of correct samples and improperly conducted studies on N. jatamansi were found to be the major hurdles to the use of ethnobotanical information and research findings into applications for human health. Development of markers using molecular, chemical and pharmacognosy based approaches for plant authentication and, in vitro propagation of authenticated material for easy availability of genuine plant material are the possible solutions to the problems identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Dhiman
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Bhattacharya
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Shao C, Song J, Zhao S, Jiang H, Wang B, Chi A. Therapeutic Effect and Metabolic Mechanism of A Selenium-Polysaccharide from Ziyang Green Tea on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111269. [PMID: 30961194 PMCID: PMC6401680 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziyang green tea was considered a medicine food homology plant to improve chronic fatigue Ssyndrome (CFS) in China. The aim of this research was to study the therapeutic effect of selenium-polysaccharides (Se-TP) from Ziyang green tea on CFS and explore its metabolic mechanism. A CFS-rats model was established in the present research and Se-TP was administrated to evaluate the therapeutic effect on CFS. Some serum metabolites including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood lactate acid (BLA), corticosterone (CORT), and aldosterone (ALD) were checked. Urine metabolites were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was also used to check the data. The results selected biomarkers that were entered into the MetPA database to analyze their corresponding metabolic pathways. The results demonstrated that Se-TP markedly improved the level of BUN and CORT in CFS rats. A total of eight differential metabolites were detected in GC-MS analysis, which were benzoic acid, itaconic acid, glutaric acid, 4-acetamidobutyric acid, creatine, 2-hydroxy-3-isopropylbutanedioic acid, l-dopa, and 21-hydroxypregnenolone. These differential metabolites were entered into the MetPA database to search for the corresponding metabolic pathways and three related metabolic pathways were screened out. The first pathway was steroid hormone biosynthesis. The second was tyrosine metabolism, and the third was arginine-proline metabolism. The 21-hydroxypregnenolone level of rats in the CFS group markedly increased after the Se-TP administration. In conclusion, Se-TP treatments on CFS rats improved their condition. Its metabolic mechanism was closely related to that which regulates the steroid hormone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhuan Shao
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jing Song
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Shanguang Zhao
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Hongke Jiang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Baoping Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Aiping Chi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Razack S, Kandikattu HK, Venuprasad MP, Amruta N, Khanum F, Chuttani K, Mishra AK. Anxiolytic actions of Nardostachys jatamansi via GABA benzodiazepine channel complex mechanism and its biodistribution studies. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1533-1549. [PMID: 29934858 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi has profound applications against pharmacological interventions and is categorized as a hypno-sedative drug according to Ayurveda. In the present study probable mechanism of anxiolytic action of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE) was studied using behavioral anxiolytic tests (Elevated plus maze, Open field test, Light dark box test, and Vogel's conflict test) in mice. Mice were treated orally with NJE (250 mg/kg) for 3, 7 and 14 days or diazepam (1 mg/kg) followed by behavioral assessment and estimation of monoamine neurotransmitters, GABA, and antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of mice for 7 days caused an increase in time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze, number of line crossings in open field test, increased time spent in lit compartment of light-dark box test, an increase in number of licks made and shocks accepted in Vogel's conflict test, with results comparable to diazepam and this treatment also caused a significant increase in monoamine neurotransmitters and GABA in brain and tissue antioxidant parameters. Co-treatment of NJE with flumazenil (GABA-benzodiazepine antagonist; 0.5 mg/kg i.p) or picrotoxin (GABAA gated chloride channel blocker; 1 mg/kg i.p) caused a blockage/antagonised anxiolytic actions of NJE by causing a significant reduction in time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze, an decrease in number of line crossing in open field test and also number of shocks and licks accepted in Vogel's conflict test. Further, NJE was radiolabelled with technetium99m at their hydroxyl groups following which purity as well as in vivo and in vitro stability of radiolabelled formulations was evaluated. The blood kinetics and in vivo bio-distribution studies were carried out in rabbits and mice respectively. Labeled formulation was found to be stable in vitro (96 to 93% stability) and in vivo (96 to 92% stability). The labeled compound was cleared rapidly from blood (within 24 h) and accumulated majorly in kidneys (11.65 ± 1.33), liver (6.07 ± 0.94), and blood (4.03 ± 0.63) after 1 h. However, a small amount was observed in brain (0.1 ± 0.02) probably because of its inability to cross blood-brain barrier. These results highlight biodistribution pattern of NJE, and also indicated that a 7-day treatment with NJE produced significant anxiolytic effects in mice and also a significant increase in brain monoamine and GABA neurotransmitter levels and suggests that anxiolytic effects of NJE are primarily and plausibly mediated by activating GABAergic receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Razack
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India.
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | - M P Venuprasad
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | | | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India.
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brigadier Mazumdar Marg, Timar Pur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brigadier Mazumdar Marg, Timar Pur, Delhi, 110054, India
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Mitra A, Sur TK, Upadhyay S, Bhattacharyya D, Hazra J. Effect of Coelogyne cristata Lindley in alleviation of chronic fatigue syndrome in aged Wistar rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 9:266-271. [PMID: 29102461 PMCID: PMC6314245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swarna Jibanti scientifically known as Coelogyne cristata Lindley (Orchidaceae), an orchid mentioned in Ayurvedic medicine is used to promote healthy life span. OBJECTIVE(S) The present work was planned to study the efficacy of hydro-alcoholic extract of pseudobulbs of C. cristata (CCE) to assess its role on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) induced behavioural and biochemical changes in aged Wistar rats compared to Panax ginseng (PG), a prototype anti-stress agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS CFS was induced by forced swimming for consecutive 21 days for fixed duration (15 min sessions). The criteria of CFS due to fatigue were counted using locomotor activity, depression and anxiety through automated photactometer, immobility time and plus maze activity respectively. Acute toxicity study of CCE (upto 2 g/kg, Limit test) was also performed. For CFS, animals were divided into five groups, naive control, control, CCE treated (25 mg/kg b.w., 250 mg/kg b.w.) and standard PG treated (100 mg/kg b.w.) groups. All drugs were given orally for consecutive 21 days along with CFS. After assessing behavioural parameters, all animals were sacrificed at day 21 and in vivo antioxidant potential of CCE was determined by lipid peroxides, nitrite, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in brain tissue. RESULTS CCE was found to be non-toxic. CCE treated aged rats significantly improved (p < 0.001) the spontaneous locomotor movement with respect to control rats, while, decreased the mobility period or depression score. In CFS, CCE also enhanced the time spent (p < 0.001) in open arms while reducing the time spent in closed arm as compared to CFS control, indicating lowering anxiety score. Moreover, marked diminution in lipid peroxidation, nitrite and SOD level was exhibited after CCE treatment and significantly enhanced catalase level significantly (p < 0.01) with respect to CFS control. PG also showed similar actions. CONCLUSION The results confirmed the potential therapeutic actions of CCE against experimentally induced CFS in aged rats that might be due to its CNS mediatory antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Mitra
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Kolkata Under CCRAS, Min. of AYUSH, Government of India, 4 CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700 091, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Sur
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 24 A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700 020, India
| | - Sachhidananda Upadhyay
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Kolkata Under CCRAS, Min. of AYUSH, Government of India, 4 CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700 091, India
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 24 A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700 020, India
| | - Jayram Hazra
- National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Kolkata Under CCRAS, Min. of AYUSH, Government of India, 4 CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700 091, India
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Chi A, Shen Z, Zhu W, Sun Y, Kang Y, Guo F. Characterization of a protein-bound polysaccharide from Herba Epimedii and its metabolic mechanism in chronic fatigue syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:241-251. [PMID: 28359851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Herba Epimedii is one of the famous Traditional Chinese Medicines used to treat the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The polysaccharides are the main active components in H. epimedii. The aim of this study is to discover the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of H. epimedii polysaccharides against CFS. METHODS The polysaccharide conjugates named HEP2-a were isolated from the leaves of H. epimedii using a water extraction method, and the general physicochemical properties of HEP2-a were analysed. In addition, a CFS rat model was established, and then, urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS The physicochemical properties revealed that HEP2-a had an average molecular weight of 13.6×104Da and consisted of mannose (4.41%), rhamnose (5.43%), glucose (31.26%), galactose (27.07%), arabinose (23.43%), and galacturonic acid (8.40%). The amino acids in HEP2-a include glutamate, cysteine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, and histidine. Molecular morphology studies revealed many highly curled spherical particles with diameters of 5-10µm in solids and 100-200nm for particles in water. Five metabolites in the HEP2-a group were oppositely and significantly changed compared to the CFS model group. CONCLUSION Two metabolic pathways were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with HEP2-a. The therapeutic effects of HEP2-a on CFS were partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zhimei Shen
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yijiang Kang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Chi A, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Shen Z. Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:322-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sarvaiya K, Goswami S. Investigation of the effects of vanilloids in chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sim J, Yoon I, Yun H, An H, Suh YG. Divergent synthetic route to new cyclopenta[c]pyran iridoids: syntheses of jatamanin A, F, G and J, gastrolactone and nepetalactone. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1244-51. [PMID: 26647357 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six natural iridoids including jatamanin A, F, G and J, gastrolactone and nepetalactone have been synthesized via the efficient transformation of a core cyclopenta[c]pyran intermediate. Key features of the syntheses include the stereoselective construction of the core cyclopenta[c]pyran skeleton of the iridoid lactones via a Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular allylic alkylation, and the facile transformation of the common intermediate into natural iridoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Satyal P, Chhetri BK, Dosoky NS, Poudel A, Setzer WN. Chemical Composition of Nardostachys grandiflora Rhizome Oil from Nepal – A Contribution to the Chemotaxonomy and Bioactivity of Nardostachys. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the dried rhizome of Nardostachys grandiflora, collected from Jaljale, Nepal, was obtained in 1.4% yield, and a total of 72 compounds were identified constituting 93.8% of the essential oil. The rhizome essential oil of N. grandiflora was mostly composed of calarene (9.4%), valerena-4,7(11)-diene (7.1%), nardol A (6.0%), 1(10)-aristolen-9-ol (11.6%), jatamansone (7.9%), valeranal (5.6%), and cis-valerinic acid (5.7%). The chemical composition of N. grandiflora rhizome oil from Nepal is qualitatively very different than those from Indian, Chinese, and Pakistani Nardostachys essential oils. In this study we have evaluated the chemical composition and biological activities of N. grandiflora from Nepal. Additionally, 1(10)-aristolen-9-ol was isolated and the structure determined by NMR, and represents the first report of this compound from N. grandiflora. N. grandiflora rhizome oil showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans (MIC = 156 μg/mL), as well as in-vitro cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Satyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Bhuwan K. Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Noura S. Dosoky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Ambika Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Immunomodulating and antioxidant effects of polysaccharide conjugates from the fruits of Ziziphus Jujube on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome rats. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:189-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sur TK, Hazra AK, Bhattacharyya D, Hazra A. Antiradical and antidiabetic properties of standardized extract of Sunderban mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:389-94. [PMID: 25829780 PMCID: PMC4378139 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mangroves have the ability to grow where no other vascular plants survive. Rhizophora mucronata is a true mangrove and traditionally used to treat diabetes and its allied complications. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we standardized the 80% methanolic standardized extract of R. mucronata leaves (RH) and found out its antiradical and antidiabetic activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic extract of R. mucronata leaves (RH) was standardized and quantified for phenolics, flavonoinds, gallic acid, quercetin, and coumarin. The reducing abilities and antiradical activities of RH were performed in vitro methods like, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxides, superoxides, hydroxyl, and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Thereafter, RH was evaluated for it antidiabetic potentialities on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-2 diabetes. STZ (90 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered to 2 days old pups to induce diabetes. RH was fed at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg and glibenclamide (positive control) at 5 mg/kg, when the rats were 6 weeks old and continued for 10 weeks. Fasting glucose was monitored before and after the treatment. Further, lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione level were estimated on rat liver. RESULTS The results obtained from this study revealed RH possesses flavonoinds and also gallic acid, quercetin, and coumarin. Further, it has antiradical activities. It has also reduced blood glucose level in type-2 diabetic rats and reduced the formation of lipid peroxidation in liver. RH enhanced the level of glutathione in liver tissue. CONCLUSION RH exhibits source of natural antioxidants and great potentialities as an antidiabetic agent by improving the hyperglycemia through its antiradical action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Sur
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Alok Kumar Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Quality Testing Laboratory (AYUSH), Vivekananda University, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India ; Department of Pharmacology, JNM College of Medicine and Hospital, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Avijit Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Song bu li decoction, a traditional uyghur medicine, protects cell death by regulation of oxidative stress and differentiation in cultured PC12 cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:687958. [PMID: 24198845 PMCID: PMC3807552 DOI: 10.1155/2013/687958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Song Bu Li decoction (SBL) is a traditional Uyghur medicinal herbal preparation, containing Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma. Recently, SBL is being used to treat neurological disorders (insomnia and neurasthenia) and heart disorders (arrhythmia and palpitation). Although this herbal extract has been used for many years, there is no scientific basis about its effectiveness. Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective and differentiating activities of SBL in cultured PC12 cells. The pretreatment of SBL protected the cell against tBHP-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel, SBL suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. The transcriptional activity of antioxidant response element (ARE), as well as the key antioxidative stress proteins, was induced in dose-dependent manner by SBL in the cultures. In cultured PC12 cells, the expression of neurofilament, a protein marker for neuronal differentiation, was markedly induced by applied herbal extract. Moreover, the nerve growth factor- (NGF-) induced neurite outgrowth in cultured PC12 cells was significantly potentiated by the cotreatment of SBL. In accord, the expression of neurofilament was increased in the treatment of SBL. These results therefore suggested a possible role of SBL by its effect on neuron differentiation and protection against oxidative stress.
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Lee JS, Kim HG, Han JM, Lee JS, Son SW, Ahn YC, Son CG. Myelophil ameliorates brain oxidative stress in mice subjected to restraint stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:339-47. [PMID: 22813841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the pharmacological effects of Myelophil, a 30% ethanol extract of a mix of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, on oxidative stress-induced brain damage in mice caused by restraint stress. C57BL/6 male mice (eight weeks old) underwent daily oral administration of distilled water, Myelophil (25, 50, or 100mg/kg), or ascorbic acid (100mg/kg) 1h before induction of restraint stress, which involved 3h of immobilization per day for 21days. Nitric oxide levels, lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione redox system enzymes), and concentrations of adrenaline, corticosterone, and interferon-γ, were measured in brain tissues and/or sera. Restraint stress-induced increases in nitric oxide levels (serum and brain tissues) and lipid peroxidation (brain tissues) were significantly attenuated by Myelophil treatment. Restraint stress moderately lowered total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, glutathione content, and the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase; all these responses were reversed by Myelophil. Myelophil significantly attenuated the elevated serum concentrations of adrenaline and corticosterone and restored serum and brain interferon-γ levels. Moreover, Myelophil normalized expression of the genes encoding monoamine oxidase A, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, which was up-regulated by restraint stress in brain tissues. These results suggest that Myelophil has pharmacological properties protects brain tissues against stress-associated oxidative stress damage, perhaps in part through regulation of stress hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, Republic of Korea
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Jha SV, Bhagwat AM, Pandita NS. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical studies on the rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. using different extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.33.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Surapaneni DK, Adapa SRSS, Preeti K, Teja GR, Veeraragavan M, Krishnamurthy S. Shilajit attenuates behavioral symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and mitochondrial bioenergetics in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:91-99. [PMID: 22771318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shilajit has been used as a rejuvenator for ages in Indian ancient traditional medicine and has been validated for a number of pharmacological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY The effect of processed shilajit which was standardized to dibenzo-α-pyrones (DBPs;0.43% w/w), DBP-chromoproteins (DCPs; 20.45% w/w) and fulvic acids (56.75% w/w) was evaluated in a rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The mitochondrial bioenergetics and the activity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were evaluated for the plausible mechanism of action of shilajit. MATERIALS AND METHODS CFS was induced by forcing the rats to swim for 15mins for 21 consecutive days. The rats were treated with shilajit (25, 50 and 100mg/kg) for 21 days before exposure to stress procedure. The behavioral consequence of CFS was measured in terms of immobility and the climbing period. The post-CFS anxiety level was assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Plasma corticosterone and adrenal gland weight were estimated as indices of HPA axis activity. Analysis of mitochondrial complex chain enzymes (Complex I, II, IV and V) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) were performed to evaluate the mitochondrial bioenergetics and integrity respectively. RESULTS Shilajit reversed the CFS-induced increase in immobility period and decrease in climbing behavior as well as attenuated anxiety in the EPM test. Shilajit reversed CFS-induced decrease in plasma corticosterone level and loss of adrenal gland weight indicating modulation of HPA axis. Shilajit prevented CFS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by stabilizing the complex enzyme activities and the loss of MMP. Shilajit reversed CFS-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in terms of NO concentration and, LPO, SOD and catalase activities. CONCLUSION The results indicate that shilajit mitigates the effects of CFS in this model possibly through the modulation of HPA axis and preservation of mitochondrial function and integrity. The reversal of CFS-induced behavioral symptoms and mitochondrial bioenergetics by shilajit indicates mitochondria as a potential target for treatment of CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Surapaneni
- Neurotherapeutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005 U.P., India
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Lyle N, Chakrabarti S, Sur T, Gomes A, Bhattacharyya D. Nardostachys jatamansi Protects Against Cold Restraint Stress Induced Central Monoaminergic and Oxidative Changes in Rats. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2748-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rao RV, Descamps O, John V, Bredesen DE. Ayurvedic medicinal plants for Alzheimer's disease: a review. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2012; 4:22. [PMID: 22747839 PMCID: PMC3506936 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an age-associated, irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by severe memory loss, unusual behavior, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. No cure for Alzheimer's exists, and the drugs currently available to treat the disease have limited effectiveness. It is believed that therapeutic intervention that could postpone the onset or progression of Alzheimer's disease would dramatically reduce the number of cases in the next 50 years. Ayurvedic medicinal plants have been the single most productive source of leads for the development of drugs, and over a hundred new products are already in clinical development. Indeed, several scientific studies have described the use of various Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their constituents for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Although the exact mechanism of their action is still not clear, phytochemical studies of the different parts of the plants have shown the presence of many valuable compounds, such as lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, and alkaloids, that show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-cholinesterase, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. This review gathers research on various medicinal plants that have shown promise in reversing the Alzheimer's disease pathology. The report summarizes information concerning the phytochemistry, biological, and cellular activities and clinical applications of these various plants in order to provide sufficient baseline information that could be used in drug discovery campaigns and development process, thereby providing new functional leads for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan V Rao
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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Min DL, Park EJ. Effects of Nardostachys Jatamansi on Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7778/jpkm.2012.26.2.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Lalremruta V, Prasanna GS. Evaluation of protective effect of Aegle marmelos Corr. in an animal model of chronic fatigue syndrome. Indian J Pharmacol 2012; 44:351-6. [PMID: 22701245 PMCID: PMC3371458 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.96316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate ethanolic extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos in an experimental animal model of chronic fatigue syndrome for potential therapeutic benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Age/weight-matched female Wistar albino rats were grouped into five groups. (Group I- V) (n = 8). Group I served as naïve control and II served as stress control. Except for group I animals, other group animals were subjected to forced swimming every day for 15 minutes to induce a state of chronic fatigue and simultaneously treated with ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos (EEAM) 150 and 250 mg/kg b.w. and Imipramine (20 mg.kg b.w.), respectively. Duration of immobility, anxiety level and locomotor activity were assessed on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 followed by biochemical estimation of oxidative biomarkers at the end of the study. RESULTS Treatment with EEAM (150 and 250 mg/kg b.w.) resulted in a statistically significant and dose dependent reduction (P <0.001) in the duration of immobility, reduction in anxiety and increase in locomotor activity. Dose dependent and significant reduction in LPO level and increase in CAT and SOD was observed in extract treated animals. CONCLUSION The results are suggestive of potential protective effect of A. marmelos against experimentally induced CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanphawng Lalremruta
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Gurunath S. Prasanna
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India
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Jang JY, Kim HN, Kim YR, Choi WY, Choi YH, Shin HK, Choi BT. Partially purified components of Nardostachys chinensis suppress melanin synthesis through ERK and Akt signaling pathway with cAMP down-regulation in B16F10 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1207-1214. [PMID: 21816215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethnopharmacological relevance Nardostachys chinensis has been used in folk medicine to treat melasma and lentigines in Korea. We investigated the inhibitory activities of Nardostachys chinensis in melanogenesis and its related signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation of Nardostachys chinensis using solvent partitioning and purification with octadecylsilane open-column chromatography resulted in partial purification. The active 20% methanol chromatographic fraction from the ethyl acetate layer (PPNC) was used to investigate melanogenesis by melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity assay, cAMP assay, Western blot and flow cytometric analyses in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. RESULTS PPNC markedly inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that PPNC decreases microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) protein expressions and MITF and tyrosinase mRNA levels. Moreover, PPNC reduces intracellular cAMP levels and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt expression in B16F10 cells. The specific MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 and PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, block the PPNC-induced hypopigmentation effect, and abrogate the PPNC-suppressed expression of melanogenic proteins such as MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and Dct. Using flow cytometry, we elucidated whether PPNC directly induces ERK phosphorylation at the level of an intact single cell. PPNC shows marked expression of phosphorylated ERK in live B16F10 cells and abrogates PPNC-induced phosphorylated ERK by PD98059 treatment. CONCLUSIONS PPNC stimulates MEK/ERK phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt signaling with suppressing cAMP levels and subsequently stimulating MITF and TRPs down-regulation, resulting in melanin synthesis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Jang
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Huang LZ, Wei L, Zhao HF, Huang BK, Rahman K, Qin LP. The effect of Eleutheroside E on behavioral alterations in murine sleep deprivation stress model. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Huang LZ, Huang BK, Ye Q, Qin LP. Bioactivity-guided fractionation for anti-fatigue property of Acanthopanax senticosus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:213-219. [PMID: 20920564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Acanthopanax senticosus (also called Eleutherococcus senticosus or Siberian ginseng) has been used extensively in China, Russia and Japan as an adaptogen to fight against stress and fatigue. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to ascertain the anti-fatigue property of Acanthopanax senticosus by load-weighted swimming test, sleep deprivation test, also to isolate and characterize the active constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were orally administered with the extract of Acanthopanax senticosus. The anti-fatigue effects of the four fractions with different polarities from the 80% ethanol extract, and the different eluates collected from D101 macroporous resin chromatography and eleutheroside E, were examined based on the weight-loaded swimming capacity (physical fatigue) and the change of biochemical parameters in ICR mice. Moreover, the active fraction was later submitted to sleep-deprived mice (mental fatigue). RESULTS The results shown that the n-butanol fraction significant extends the swimming time of mice to exhaustion. Furthermore, the 60% ethanol-water eluate, more purified eleutherosides (including eleutheroside E, E(2) and derivatives), were the exactly active constituents. Two compounds were isolated, which were identified as eleutheroside E, E(2). CONCLUSIONS The eleutherosides possess the potent abilities to alleviate fatigue both in physical and mental fatigue. Eleutheroside E may be responsible for the pharmacological effect of anti-fatigue. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms were reduced the level of TG by increasing fat utilization, delayed the accumulation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and increased the LDH to reduce the accumulation of lactic acid in muscle and then protect the muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhang Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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Song MY, Bae UJ, Lee BH, Kwon KB, Seo EA, Park SJ, Kim MS, Song HJ, Kwon KS, Park JW, Ryu DG, Park BH. Nardostachys jatamansi extract protects against cytokine-induced β-cell damage and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3249-57. [PMID: 20614480 PMCID: PMC2900716 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i26.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the anti-diabetogenic mechanism of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE).
METHODS: Mice were injected with streptozotocin via a tail vein to induce diabetes. Rat insulinoma RINm5F cells and isolated rat islets were treated with interleukin-1β and interferon-γ to induce cytotoxicity.
RESULTS: Treatment of mice with streptozotocin resulted in hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of the islets. The diabetogenic effects of streptozotocin were completely abolished when mice were pretreated with NJE. Inhibition of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia by NJE was mediated by suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. In addition, NJE protected against cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity. Incubation of RINm5F cells and islets with NJE resulted in a significant reduction in cytokine-induced NF-κB activation and downstream events, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production. The protective effect of NJE was further demonstrated by the normal insulin secretion of cytokine-treated islets in response to glucose.
CONCLUSION: NJE provided resistance to pancreatic β-cell damage from cytokine or streptozotocin treatment. The β-cell protective effect of NJE is mediated by suppressing NF-κB activation.
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Bing Y, Zhaobao W. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on free radical metabolism of liver in mice during endurance exercise. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2010; 7:291-5. [PMID: 21731159 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v7i4.56691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on Free Radical Metabolism of Liver in mice during endurance exercise. Forty-eight mice were divided into the quiet group and the exercised group. And the two groups were both grouped again, including the control group and the drug-treated group. After exhaustive exercise, the exercised groups were subdivided into the immediate group and the recovery group. The swimming time to exhaustion significantly prolonged in the exercised drug-treated group as compared with the exercised control group (P < 0.05); The SOD activity of drug-treated groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) as compared with the control groups and MDA content was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The SOD activity and MDA content of exercised control groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) as compared with the quiet control group. The SOD activity and MDA content of exercised drug-treated groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) as compared with the quiet drug-treated group. The results indicated that Ginkgo biloba extract can obviously increase the body's endurance exercise capacity in mice and delay fatigue; Ginkgo biloba extract can help to increase the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue, reduce the lipid peroxidation injury in liver tissue caused by free radicals, improve athletic ability, and promote the recovery process after exercise in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bing
- Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong Province, 253023, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of exercise on behavior and peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis in a rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:258-64. [PMID: 20407885 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of exercise on behavior and peripheral blood leukocyte apoptosis in a rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into 3 groups: the control group, CFS model group and the exercise group in terms of body weight. A total of 25 rats entered the final statistical analysis due to 11 deaths during the study. CFS model was established by subjecting the rats in CFS model group and exercise group to electric shock, chronic restraint stress and cold water swim. Besides, rats in the exercise group took running wheel exercise. After a week of conditioning feeding, model construction and running wheel exercise were performed simultaneously, and lasted for 23 consecutive days. The behavior experiments, including running wheel exercise, open-field test, tail suspension test and Morris water maze test, were conducted, either before or after the model establishment. Rats were sacrificed and peripheral blood was obtained for the assessment of lymphocyte apoptosis index by flow cytometry (FCM). It was found that as compared with those in the control group, the weight of the rats was decreased obviously (P<0.01), the mobility time in the open-field and the tail suspension tests was shortened significantly (P<0.01), the time to locate the platform was enhanced (P<0.01) and the cell apoptosis index was increased substantially (P<0.01) in the CSF model group. Meanwhile, in comparison to the model group, the behavior in the open-field and the tail suspension tests was improved significantly (P<0.05), and the apoptosis index decreased remarkably (P<0.01) in the exercise group. It is concluded that sport intervention can prevent lymphocyte apoptosis and improve animal behavior rather than the memory.
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Houdenhove BV, Pae CU, Luyten P. Chronic fatigue syndrome: is there a role for non-antidepressant pharmacotherapy? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:215-23. [DOI: 10.1517/14656560903487744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sachdeva AK, Kuhad A, Tiwari V, Arora V, Chopra K. Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Murine Water-Immersion Stress Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 106:490-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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