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Tan X, Zhu R, Xie Y, Chai Y. Suppression of absence seizures by using different stimulations in a reduced corticothalamic-basal ganglion-pedunculopontine nucleus model. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:20468-20485. [PMID: 38124561 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Coupled neural network models are playing an increasingly important part in the modulation of absence seizures today. However, it is currently unclear how basal ganglia, corticothalamic network and pedunculopontine nucleus can coordinate with each other to develop a whole coupling circuit, theoretically. In addition, it is still difficult to select effective parameters of electrical stimulation on the regulation of absence seizures in clinical trials. Therefore, to develop a coupled model and reduce computation cost, a new model constructed by a simplified basal ganglion, two corticothalamic circuits and a pedunculopontine nucleus was proposed. Further, to seek better inhibition therapy, three electrical stimulations, high frequency stimulation (HFS), 1:0 coordinate reset stimulation (CRS) and 3:2 CRS, were applied to the thalamic reticular nucleus (RE) in the first corticothalamic circuit in the coupled model. The simulation results revealed that increasing the frequency and pulse width of an electrical stimulation within a certain range can also suppress seizures. Under the same parameters of electrical stimulation, the inhibitory effect of HFS on seizures was better than that of 1:0 CRS and 3:2 CRS. The research established a reduced corticothalamic-basal ganglion-pedunculopontine nucleus model, which lays a theoretical foundation for future optimal parameters selection of electrical stimulation. We hope that the findings will provide new insights into the role of theoretical models in absence seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tan
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan Xie
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuan Chai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China
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2
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Cota VR, Cançado SAV, Moraes MFD. On temporal scale-free non-periodic stimulation and its mechanisms as an infinite improbability drive of the brain's functional connectogram. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1173597. [PMID: 37293579 PMCID: PMC10244597 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1173597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationalized development of electrical stimulation (ES) therapy is of paramount importance. Not only it will foster new techniques and technologies with increased levels of safety, efficacy, and efficiency, but it will also facilitate the translation from basic research to clinical practice. For such endeavor, design of new technologies must dialogue with state-of-the-art neuroscientific knowledge. By its turn, neuroscience is transitioning-a movement started a couple of decades earlier-into adopting a new conceptual framework for brain architecture, in which time and thus temporal patterns plays a central role in the neuronal representation of sampled data from the world. This article discusses how neuroscience has evolved to understand the importance of brain rhythms in the overall functional architecture of the nervous system and, consequently, that neuromodulation research should embrace this new conceptual framework. Based on such support, we revisit the literature on standard (fixed-frequency pulsatile stimuli) and mostly non-standard patterns of ES to put forward our own rationale on how temporally complex stimulation schemes may impact neuromodulation strategies. We then proceed to present a low frequency, on average (thus low energy), scale-free temporally randomized ES pattern for the treatment of experimental epilepsy, devised by our group and termed NPS (Non-periodic Stimulation). The approach has been shown to have robust anticonvulsant effects in different animal models of acute and chronic seizures (displaying dysfunctional hyperexcitable tissue), while also preserving neural function. In our understanding, accumulated mechanistic evidence suggests such a beneficial mechanism of action may be due to the natural-like characteristic of a scale-free temporal pattern that may robustly compete with aberrant epileptiform activity for the recruitment of neural circuits. Delivering temporally patterned or random stimuli within specific phases of the underlying oscillations (i.e., those involved in the communication within and across brain regions) could both potentiate and disrupt the formation of neuronal assemblies with random probability. The usage of infinite improbability drive here is obviously a reference to the "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" comedy science fiction classic, written by Douglas Adams. The parallel is that dynamically driving brain functional connectogram, through neuromodulation, in a manner that would not favor any specific neuronal assembly and/or circuit, could re-stabilize a system that is transitioning to fall under the control of a single attractor. We conclude by discussing future avenues of investigation and their potentially disruptive impact on neurotechnology, with a particular interest in NPS implications in neural plasticity, motor rehabilitation, and its potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Rosa Cota
- Rehab Technologies - INAIL Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering and Neuroscience, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Augusto Vieira Cançado
- Núcleo Avançado de Tratamento das Epilepsias (NATE), Felício Rocho Hospital, Fundação Felice Rosso, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Núcleo de Neurociências, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Réboli LA, Maciel RM, de Oliveira JC, Moraes MFD, Tilelli CQ, Cota VR. Persistence of neural function in animals submitted to seizure-suppressing scale-free nonperiodic electrical stimulation applied to the amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2022; 426:113843. [PMID: 35304185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Based on the rationale that neural hypersynchronization underlies epileptic phenomena, nonperiodic stimulation (NPS) was designed and successfully tested as an electrical stimulus with robust anticonvulsant action. Considering the scale-free temporal structure of NPS mimics natural-like activity, here we hypothesized its application to the amygdala would induce minor to none impairment of neural function in treated animals. Wistar rats underwent gold-standard behavioral tests such as open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM), novel object recognition, and social interaction test in order to evaluate the functions of base-level anxiety, motor function, episodic memory, and sociability. We also performed daily (8 days, 6 h per day) electrophysiological recordings (local field potential/LFP and electromyography) to assess global forebrain dynamics and the sleep-wake cycle architecture and integrity. All animals displayed an increased proportion of time exploring new objects, spent more time in the closed arms of the EPM and in the periphery of the OF arena, with similar numbers of crossing between quadrants and no significant changes of social behaviors. In the sleep-wake cycle electrophysiology experiments, we found no differences regarding duration and proportion of sleep stages and the number of transitions between stages. Finally, the power spectrum of LFP recordings and neurodynamics were also unaltered. We concluded that NPS did not impair neural functions evaluated and thus, it may be safe for clinical studies. Additionally, results corroborate the notion that NPS may exert an on-demand only desynchronization effect by efficiently competing with epileptiform activity for the physiological and healthy recruitment of neural circuitry. Considering the very dynamical nature of circuit activation and functional activity underlying neural function in general (including cognition, processing of emotion, memory acquisition, and sensorimotor integration) and its corruption leading to disorder, such mechanism of action may have important implications in the investigation of neuropsychological phenomena and also in the development of rehabilitation neurotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Altoé Réboli
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering and Neuroscience (LINNce), Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São João Del-Rei. Pça. Frei Orlando, 170 - Centro, São João Del-Rei, MG 36302-357, Brazil
| | - Renato Marciano Maciel
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering and Neuroscience (LINNce), Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São João Del-Rei. Pça. Frei Orlando, 170 - Centro, São João Del-Rei, MG 36302-357, Brazil; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM and Université de Lyon, Lyon I, Neurocampus-Michel Jouvet, 95 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Jasiara Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering and Neuroscience (LINNce), Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São João Del-Rei. Pça. Frei Orlando, 170 - Centro, São João Del-Rei, MG 36302-357, Brazil; UNIPTAN - Centro Universitário Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves, Av. Leite de Castro, 1101 - Fábricas, São João Del Rei, MG 36301-182, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Queixa Tilelli
- Laboratory of Physiology, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Belvedere, Divinópolis, MG, 35.501-296, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rosa Cota
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering and Neuroscience (LINNce), Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São João Del-Rei. Pça. Frei Orlando, 170 - Centro, São João Del-Rei, MG 36302-357, Brazil.
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Medeiros DDC, Cota VR, Oliveira ACP, Moreira FA, Moraes MFD. The Endocannabinoid System Activation as a Neural Network Desynchronizing Mediator for Seizure Suppression. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:603245. [PMID: 33281577 PMCID: PMC7691588 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.603245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding that hyper-excitability and hyper-synchronism in epilepsy are indissociably bound by a cause-consequence relation has only recently been challenged. Thus, therapeutic strategies for seizure suppression have often aimed at inhibiting excitatory circuits and/or activating inhibitory ones. However, new approaches that aim to desynchronize networks or compromise abnormal coupling between adjacent neural circuitry have been proven effective, even at the cost of enhancing local neuronal activation. Although most of these novel perspectives targeting circuitry desynchronization and network coupling have been implemented by non-pharmacological devices, we argue that there may be endogenous neurochemical systems that act primarily in the desynchronization component of network behavior rather than dampening excitability of individual neurons. This review explores the endocannabinoid system as one such possible pharmacological landmark for mimicking a form of "on-demand" desynchronization analogous to those proposed by deep brain stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy. This essay discusses the evidence supporting the role of the endocannabinoid system in modulating the synchronization and/or coupling of distinct local neural circuitry; which presents obvious implications on the physiological setting of proper sensory-motor integration. Accordingly, the process of ictogenesis involves pathological circuit coupling that could be avoided, or at least have its spread throughout the containment of other areas, if such endogenous mechanisms of control could be activated or potentiated by pharmacological intervention. In addition, we will discuss evidence that supports not only a weaker role played on neuronal excitability but the potential of the endocannabinoid system strengthening its modulatory effect, only when circuitry coupling surpasses a level of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Castro Medeiros
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rosa Cota
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroengenharia e Neurociências, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos P Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabricio A Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Centro de Tecnologia e Pesquisa em Magneto Ressonância, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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5
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Zheng L, Feng Z, Hu H, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Wei X. The Appearance Order of Varying Intervals Introduces Extra Modulation Effects on Neuronal Firing Through Non-linear Dynamics of Sodium Channels During High-Frequency Stimulations. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:397. [PMID: 32528237 PMCID: PMC7263357 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical pulse stimulation in the brain has shown success in treating several brain disorders with constant pulse frequency or constant inter-pulse interval (IPI). Varying IPI may offer a variety of novel stimulation paradigms and may extend the clinical applications. However, a lack of understanding of neuronal responses to varying IPI limits its informed applications. In this study, to investigate the effects of varying IPI, we performed both rat experiments and computational modeling by applying high-frequency stimulation (HFS) to efferent axon fibers of hippocampal pyramidal cells. Antidromically evoked population spikes (PSs) were used to evaluate the neuronal responses to pulse stimulations with different IPI patterns including constant IPI, gradually varying IPI, and randomly varying IPI. All the varying IPI sequences were uniformly distributed in the same interval range of 10 to 5 ms (i.e., 100 to 200 Hz). The experimental results showed that the mean correlation coefficient of PS amplitudes to the lengths of preceding IPI during HFS with random IPI (0.72 ± 0.04, n = 7 rats) was significantly smaller than the corresponding correlation coefficient during HFS with gradual IPI (0.92 ± 0.03, n = 7 rats, P < 0.001, t-test). The PS amplitudes induced by the random IPI covered a wider range, over twice as much as that induced by the gradual IPI, indicating additional effects induced by merely changing the appearance order of IPI. The computational modeling reproduced these experimental results and provided insights into these modulatory effects through the mechanism of non-linear dynamics of sodium channels and potassium accumulation in the narrow peri-axonal space. The simulation results showed that the HFS-induced increase of extracellular potassium ([K+] o ) elevated the membrane potential of axons, delayed the recovery course of sodium channels that were repeatedly activated and inactivated during HFS, and resulted in intermittent neuronal firing. Because of non-linear membrane dynamics, random IPI recruited more neurons to fire together following specific sub-sequences of pulses than gradual IPI, thereby widening the range of PS amplitudes. In conclusion, the study demonstrated novel HFS effects of neuronal modulation induced by merely changing the appearance order of the same group of IPI of pulses, which may inform the development of new stimulation patterns to meet different demands for treating various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvpiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States
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6
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Rogers AA, Aiani LM, Blanpain LT, Yuxian S, Moore R, Willie JT. Deep brain stimulation of hypothalamus for narcolepsy-cataplexy in mice. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1305-1316. [PMID: 32320748 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1, narcolepsy with cataplexy) is a disabling neurological disorder caused by loss of excitatory orexin neurons from the hypothalamus and is characterized by decreased motivation, sleep-wake fragmentation, intrusion of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) during wake, and abrupt loss of muscle tone, called cataplexy, in response to sudden emotions. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether subcortical stimulation, analogous to clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS), would ameliorate NT1 using a validated transgenic mouse model with postnatal orexin neuron degeneration. METHODS Using implanted electrodes in freely behaving mice, the immediate and prolonged effects of DBS were determined upon behavior using continuous video-electroencephalogram-electromyogram (video/EEG/EMG) and locomotor activity, and neural activation in brain sections, using immunohistochemical labeling of the immediate early gene product c-Fos. RESULTS Brief 10-s stimulation to the region of the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta (LH/ZI) dose-responsively reversed established sleep and cataplexy episodes without negative sequelae. Continuous 3-h stimulation increased ambulation, improved sleep-wake consolidation, and ameliorated cataplexy. Brain c-Fos from mice sacrificed after 90 min of DBS revealed dose-responsive neural activation within wake-active nuclei of the basal forebrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, and ventral midbrain. CONCLUSION Acute and continuous LH/ZI DBS enhanced behavioral state control in a mouse model of NT1, supporting the feasibility of clinical DBS for NT1 and other sleep-wake disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Aiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, USA
| | | | - Sun Yuxian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, USA
| | - Renee Moore
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, USA.
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Leiphart JW, Ye Z, Lee M, Loew MH. Threshold for Tonic Motor Effects from Random Waveform in a Rat Experimental Model of Frontal Cortex Stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2020; 97:313-318. [PMID: 31910428 DOI: 10.1159/000503022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain stimulation is utilized to treat a variety of neurological disorders. Clinical brain stimulation technologies currently utilize charge-balanced pulse stimulation. The brain may better respond to other stimulation waveforms. This study was designed to evaluate the motor threshold of the brain to stimulation with various waveforms. METHODS Three stimulation waveforms were utilized on rats with surgically implanted brain electrodes: pulses, square waves, and random waveform. The peak-to-peak stimulation voltage was increased in a step-wise manner until motor signs were elicited. RESULTS The random waveform had the highest motor threshold with brain stimulation compared to the other waveforms. Random waveform stimulation reached maximum voltage without motor side effects while stimulating through both 1 and 8 electrodes. In contrast, the stimulation thresholds for motor side effects of the other two waveforms were on average less than half of the maximum voltage and lower for stimulation through 8 electrodes than stimulation through 1 electrode (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION The random waveform was better tolerated than the other waveforms and may allow for the use of higher stimulation voltage without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Leiphart
- Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA, .,Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,
| | - Zhixing Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michaela Lee
- Health Sciences Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Murray H Loew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Averna A, Pasquale V, Murphy MD, Rogantin MP, Van Acker GM, Nudo RJ, Chiappalone M, Guggenmos DJ. Differential Effects of Open- and Closed-Loop Intracortical Microstimulation on Firing Patterns of Neurons in Distant Cortical Areas. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:2879-2896. [PMID: 31832642 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation can be used successfully to modulate neuronal activity. Activity-dependent stimulation (ADS), in which action potentials recorded extracellularly from a single neuron are used to trigger stimulation at another cortical location (closed-loop), is an effective treatment for behavioral recovery after brain lesion, but the related neurophysiological changes are still not clear. Here, we investigated the ability of ADS and random stimulation (RS) to alter firing patterns of distant cortical locations. We recorded 591 neuronal units from 23 Long-Evan healthy anesthetized rats. Stimulation was delivered to either forelimb or barrel field somatosensory cortex, using either RS or ADS triggered from spikes recorded in the rostral forelimb area (RFA). Both RS and ADS stimulation protocols rapidly altered spike firing within RFA compared with no stimulation. We observed increase in firing rates and change of spike patterns. ADS was more effective than RS in increasing evoked spikes during the stimulation periods, by producing a reliable, progressive increase in stimulus-related activity over time and an increased coupling of the trigger channel with the network. These results are critical for understanding the efficacy of closed-loop electrical microstimulation protocols in altering activity patterns in interconnected brain networks, thus modulating cortical state and functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Averna
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child science (DINOGMI), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy.,Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Pasquale
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maxwell D Murphy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | - Gustaf M Van Acker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Randolph J Nudo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | - David J Guggenmos
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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9
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Cota VR, Drabowski BMB, de Oliveira JC, Moraes MFD. The epileptic amygdala: Toward the development of a neural prosthesis by temporally coded electrical stimulation. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:463-85. [PMID: 27091311 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with epilepsy do not obtain proper control of their seizures through conventional treatment. We review aspects of the pathophysiology underlying epileptic phenomena, with a special interest in the role of the amygdala, stressing the importance of hypersynchronism in both ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. We then review experimental studies on electrical stimulation of mesiotemporal epileptogenic areas, the amygdala included, as a means to treat medically refractory epilepsy. Regular high-frequency stimulation (HFS) commonly has anticonvulsant effects and sparse antiepileptogenic properties. On the other hand, HFS is related to acute and long-term increases in excitability related to direct neuronal activation, long-term potentiation, and kindling, raising concerns regarding its safety and jeopardizing in-depth understanding of its mechanisms. In turn, the safer regular low-frequency stimulation (LFS) has a robust antiepileptogenic effect, but its pro- or anticonvulsant effect seems to vary at random among studies. As an alternative, studies by our group on the development and investigation of temporally unstructured electrical stimulation applied to the amygdala have shown that nonperiodic stimulation (NPS), which is a nonstandard form of LFS, is capable of suppressing both acute and chronic spontaneous seizures. We hypothesize two noncompetitive mechanisms for the therapeutic role of amygdala in NPS, 1) a direct desynchronization of epileptic circuitry in the forebrain and brainstem and 2) an indirect desynchronization/inhibition through nucleus accumbens activation. We conclude by reintroducing the idea that hypersynchronism, rather than hyperexcitability, may be the key for epileptic phenomena and epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Rosa Cota
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroengenharia e Neurociências, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica (DEPEL), Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marcela Bacellar Drabowski
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroengenharia e Neurociências, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica (DEPEL), Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jasiara Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroengenharia e Neurociências, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica (DEPEL), Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Central thalamic deep brain stimulation to support anterior forebrain mesocircuit function in the severely injured brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:797-806. [PMID: 27113938 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This integrative review frames a general rationale for the use of central thalamic deep brain stimulation (CT-DBS) to support arousal regulation mechanisms in the severely injured brain. The organizing role of the anterior forebrain mesocircuit in recovery mechanisms following widespread deafferentation produced by multi-focal structural brain injuries is emphasized. The mesocircuit model provides the conceptual foundation for the key role of the central thalamus as a privileged node for neuromodulation to support forebrain arousal regulation. In this context, cellular mechanisms arising at the neocortical, striatal, and thalamic population level are considered in the assessment of an individual patient's capacity for harboring underlying reserve that could be recruited for further recovery. Recent preclinical studies and pilot clinical results are compared to frame the detailed rationale for CT-DBS. Application of CT-DBS across the range of outcomes following severe-to-moderate brain injuries is discussed with the aim of improving consciousness and cognition in patients with non-progressive brain injuries.
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11
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Brown RE, McKenna JT. Turning a Negative into a Positive: Ascending GABAergic Control of Cortical Activation and Arousal. Front Neurol 2015; 6:135. [PMID: 26124745 PMCID: PMC4463930 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Recent technological advances have illuminated the role of GABAergic neurons in control of cortical arousal and sleep. Sleep-promoting GABAergic neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus are well-known. Less well-appreciated are GABAergic projection neurons in the brainstem, midbrain, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain, which paradoxically promote arousal and fast electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. Thus, GABA is not purely a sleep-promoting neurotransmitter. GABAergic projection neurons in the brainstem nucleus incertus and ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden promote theta (4-8 Hz) rhythms. Ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons, neighboring midbrain dopamine neurons, project to the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. They discharge faster during cortical arousal and regulate reward. Thalamic reticular nucleus GABAergic neurons initiate sleep spindles in non-REM sleep. In addition, however, during wakefulness, they tonically regulate the activity of thalamocortical neurons. Other GABAergic inputs to the thalamus arising in the globus pallidus pars interna, substantia nigra pars reticulata, zona incerta, and basal forebrain regulate motor activity, arousal, attention, and sensory transmission. Several subpopulations of cortically projecting GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain project to the thalamus and neocortex and preferentially promote cortical gamma-band (30-80 Hz) activity and wakefulness. Unlike sleep-active GABAergic neurons, these ascending GABAergic neurons are fast-firing neurons which disinhibit and synchronize the activity of their forebrain targets, promoting the fast EEG rhythms typical of conscious states. They are prominent targets of GABAergic hypnotic agents. Understanding the properties of ascending GABAergic neurons may lead to novel treatments for diseases involving disorders of cortical activation and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie E Brown
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School , Brockton, MA , USA
| | - James T McKenna
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School , Brockton, MA , USA
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12
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Arsenault D, Drouin-Ouellet J, Saint-Pierre M, Petrou P, Dubois M, Kriz J, Barker RA, Cicchetti A, Cicchetti F. A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice. J Physiol 2015; 593:2257-78. [PMID: 25653107 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.287243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat a number of neurological conditions and is currently being tested to intervene in neuropsychiatric conditions. However, a better understanding of how it works would ensure that side effects could be minimized and benefits optimized. We have thus developed a unique device to perform brain stimulation (BS) in mice and to address fundamental issues related to this methodology in the pre-clinical setting. This new microstimulator prototype was specifically designed to allow simultaneous live bioluminescence imaging of the mouse brain, allowing real time assessment of the impact of stimulation on cerebral tissue. We validated the authenticity of this tool in vivo by analysing the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), corresponding to the microglial response, in the stimulated brain regions of TLR2-fluc-GFP transgenic mice, which we further corroborated with post-mortem analyses in these animals as well as in human brains of patients who underwent DBS to treat their Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we report on the development of the first BS device that allows for simultaneous live in vivo imaging in mice. This tool opens up a whole new range of possibilities that allow a better understanding of BS and how to optimize its effects through its use in murine models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Janelle Drouin-Ouellet
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martine Saint-Pierre
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Petros Petrou
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyn Dubois
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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13
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Keenan DM, Quinkert AW, Pfaff DW. Stochastic modeling of mouse motor activity under deep brain stimulation: the extraction of arousal information. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1003883. [PMID: 25720000 PMCID: PMC4342049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we quantify, with a rigorous approach, the nature of motor activity in response to Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), in the mouse. DBS is currently being used in the treatment of a broad range of diseases, but its underlying principles are still unclear. Because mouse movement involves rapidly repeated starting and stopping, one must statistically verify that the movement at a given stimulation time was not just coincidental, endogenously-driven movement. Moreover, the amount of activity changes significantly over the circadian rhythm, and hence the means, variances and autocorrelations are all time varying. A new methodology is presented. For example, to discern what is and what is not impacted by stimulation, velocity is classified (in a time-evolving manner) as being zero-, one- and two-dimensional movement. The most important conclusions of the paper are: (1) (DBS) stimulation is proven to be truly effective; (2) it is two-dimensional (2-D) movement that strongly differs between light and dark and responds to stimulation; and, (3) stimulation in the light initiates a manner of movement, 2-D movement, that is more commonly seen in the (non-stimulated) dark. Based upon these conclusions, it is conjectured that the above patterns of 2-D movement could be a straightforward, easy to calculate correlate of arousal. The above conclusions will aid in the systematic evaluation and understanding of how DBS in CNS arousal pathways leads to the activation of behavior. Brainstem and thalamic regulation of arousal has been studied experimentally since the mid 20-th century. Today, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is used in the treatment of movement disorders, chronic pain, clinical depression, amongst others. At present, the proper choice of DBS parameters (frequency and strength of the electric stimulation), and how those parameters should be modified as conditions change, are not well understood. In this work, using motor activity as the observed response, a statistical framework is developed for such study, and a quantitative relationship between parameter values and response is established. Within this framework, a possible correlate of arousal, the rapid onset of spatial (two-dimensional) movement, is uncovered and also studied. One long-term hope for techniques such as DBS are that they could assist in the treatment of disorders of consciousness, by supplementing or replacing (e.g., in Traumatic Brain Injury) what should ordinarily be the appropriate endogenous stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Keenan
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amy W. Quinkert
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Donald W. Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Mourão FAG, Lockmann ALV, Castro GP, de Castro Medeiros D, Reis MP, Pereira GS, Massensini AR, Moraes MFD. Triggering Different Brain States Using Asynchronous Serial Communication to the Rat Amygdala. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:1866-1877. [PMID: 25609241 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inputting information to the brain through direct electrical microstimulation must consider how underlying neural networks encode information. One unexplored possibility is that a single electrode delivering temporally coded stimuli, mimicking an asynchronous serial communication port to the brain, can trigger the emergence of different brain states. This work used a discriminative fear-conditioning paradigm in rodents in which 2 temporally coded microstimulation patterns were targeted at the amygdaloid complex. Each stimulus was a binary-coded "word" made up of 10 ms bins, with 1's representing a single pulse stimulus: A-1001111001 and B-1110000111. During 3 consecutive retention tests (i.e., day-word: 1-B; 2-A, and 3-B), only binary-coded words previously paired with a foot-electroshock elicited proper aversive behavior. To determine the neural substrates recruited by the different stimulation patterns, c-Fos expression was evaluated 90 min after the last retention test. Animals conditioned to word-B, after stimulation with word-B, demonstrated increased hypothalamic c-Fos staining. Animals conditioned to word-A, however, showed increased prefrontal c-Fos labeling. In addition, prefrontal-cortex and hypothalamic c-Fos staining for, respectively, word-B- and word-A-conditioned animals, was not different than that of an unpaired control group. Our results suggest that, depending on the valence acquired from previous learning, temporally coded microstimulation activates distinct neural networks and associated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Afonso Gonçalves Mourão
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Vieira Lockmann
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Perfeito Castro
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Castro Medeiros
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Pádua Reis
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grace Schenatto Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Ricardo Massensini
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências (NNC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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Laxpati NG, Mahmoudi B, Gutekunst CA, Newman JP, Zeller-Townson R, Gross RE. Real-time in vivo optogenetic neuromodulation and multielectrode electrophysiologic recording with NeuroRighter. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2014; 7:40. [PMID: 25404915 PMCID: PMC4217045 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetic channels have greatly expanded neuroscience’s experimental capabilities, enabling precise genetic targeting and manipulation of neuron subpopulations in awake and behaving animals. However, many barriers to entry remain for this technology – including low-cost and effective hardware for combined optical stimulation and electrophysiologic recording. To address this, we adapted the open-source NeuroRighter multichannel electrophysiology platform for use in awake and behaving rodents in both open and closed-loop stimulation experiments. Here, we present these cost-effective adaptations, including commercially available LED light sources; custom-made optical ferrules; 3D printed ferrule hardware and software to calibrate and standardize output intensity; and modifications to commercially available electrode arrays enabling stimulation proximally and distally to the recording target. We then demonstrate the capabilities and versatility of these adaptations in several open and closed-loop experiments, demonstrate spectrographic methods of analyzing the results, as well as discuss artifacts of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nealen G Laxpati
- Translational Neuroengineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Babak Mahmoudi
- Translational Neuroengineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claire-Anne Gutekunst
- Translational Neuroengineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Newman
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Riley Zeller-Townson
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Translational Neuroengineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Focus on desynchronization rather than excitability: a new strategy for intraencephalic electrical stimulation. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 38:32-6. [PMID: 24472684 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severely debilitating brain disease, often associated with premature death, which has an urgent need for alternative methods of treatment. In fact, roughly 25% of patients with epilepsy do not have seizures satisfactorily controlled by pharmacological treatment, and 30% of these patients with treatment-refractory seizures are not even eligible for ablative surgery. Epilepsy is most readily identifiable by its seizures and/or paroxysmal events, mostly viewed as spontaneously recurrent and unpredictable, which are caused by stereotyped changes in neurological function associated with hyperexcitability and hypersynchronicity of the underlying neural networks. Treatment has strongly been based on the fixed goal of depressing neuronal activity, working under the veiled assumption that hyperexcitability would lead to synchronous neuronal activity and, therefore, to seizure. Over the last 20-30 years, the emergence of electrical (ES) of deep brain structures, a practicable option for treating patients with otherwise untreatable seizures, has broadened our understanding of anticonvulsant mechanisms that conceptually differ from those of pharmacological treatment. Conversely, the research on ES therapy applied to epilepsy is contributing significantly to untwine the phenomena of excitation from that of synchronization as potential target mechanisms for abolishing seizures and predicting paroxysmal events. This paper is, thus, an addendum to other reviews on the subject of ES therapy in epilepsy which focuses on the desynchronization effect ES has on epileptogenic neural networks rather than its effect on overall brain excitability.
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17
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Tabansky I, Quinkert AW, Rahman N, Muller SZ, Lofgren J, Rudling J, Goodman A, Wang Y, Pfaff DW. Temporally-patterned deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of multiple traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:123-32. [PMID: 25072520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report that mice with closed-head multiple traumatic brain injury (TBI) show a decrease in the motoric aspects of generalized arousal, as measured by automated, quantitative behavioral assays. Further, we found that temporally-patterned deep brain stimulation (DBS) can increase generalized arousal and spontaneous motor activity in this mouse model of TBI. This arousal increase is input-pattern-dependent, as changing the temporal pattern of DBS can modulate its effect on motor activity. Finally, an extensive examination of mouse behavioral capacities, looking for deficits in this model of TBI, suggest that the strongest effects of TBI in this model are found in the initiation of any kind of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Tabansky
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Amy Wells Quinkert
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Nadera Rahman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Salomon Zev Muller
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Jesper Lofgren
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States; Linkoping University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hälsouniversitetet Kansliet 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Rudling
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States; Linkoping University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hälsouniversitetet Kansliet 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alyssa Goodman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yingping Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Donald W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
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18
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Modulation of cortical neural dynamics during thalamic deep brain stimulation in patients with essential tremor. Neuroreport 2013; 24:751-6. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e328364c1a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Ewing SG, Porr B, Riddell J, Winter C, Grace AA. SaBer DBS: a fully programmable, rechargeable, bilateral, charge-balanced preclinical microstimulator for long-term neural stimulation. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 213:228-35. [PMID: 23305773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To effectively study the mechanisms by which deep brain stimulation (DBS) produces its therapeutic benefit and to evaluate new therapeutic indications, it is vital to administer DBS over an extended period of time in awake, freely behaving animals. To date multiple preclinical stimulators have been designed and described. However, these stimulators have failed to incorporate some of the design criteria necessary to provide a system analogous to those used clinically. Here we define these design criteria and propose an improved and complete preclinical DBS system. This system is fully programmable in frequency, pulse-width and current amplitude, has a rechargeable battery and delivers biphasic, charge-balanced output to two independent electrodes. The system has been optimized for either implantation or for use externally via attachment to rodent jackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Ewing
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology will suffice, PA 15260, USA.
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20
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Regele OB, Koivuniemi AS, Otto KJ. Constant RMS versus constant peak modulation for the perceptual equivalence of sinusoidal amplitude modulated signals. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:3115-3118. [PMID: 24110387 PMCID: PMC4082400 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprosthetics using intracortical microstimulation can potentially alleviate sensory deprivation due to injury or disease. However the information bandwidth of a single microstimulation channel remains largely unanswered. This paper presents three experiments that examine the importance of Peak Power/Charge and RMS Power/Charge for detection of acoustic and electrical Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulated stimuli by the auditory system. While the peripheral auditory system is sensitive to RMS power cues for the detection of acoustic stimuli, here we provide results that suggest that the auditory cortex is sensitive to peak charge cues for electrical stimuli. Varying the modulation frequency and depth do not change this effect for detection of modulated electrical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver B. Regele
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Andrew S. Koivuniemi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Kevin J. Otto
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA, phone: 765-496-1012; fax 765-496-1912
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21
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Ewing SG, Grace AA. Long-term high frequency deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens drives time-dependent changes in functional connectivity in the rodent limbic system. Brain Stimul 2012; 6:274-85. [PMID: 22981894 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the ventral striatum is an effective treatment for a variety of treatment refractory psychiatric disorders yet the mechanism of action remains elusive. We examined how five days of stimulation affected rhythmic brain activity in freely moving rats in terms of oscillatory power within, and coherence between, selected limbic regions bilaterally. Custom made bipolar stimulating/recording electrodes were implanted, bilaterally, in the nucleus accumbens core. Local field potential (LFP) recording electrodes were implanted, bilaterally in the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Stimulation was delivered bilaterally with 100 μs duration constant current pulses at a frequency of 130 Hz delivered at an amplitude of 100 μA using a custom-made stimulation device. Synchronized video and LFP data were collected from animals in their home cages before, during and after stimulation. Signals were processed to remove movement and stimulation artifacts, and analyzed to determine changes in spectral power within, and coherence between regions. Five days stimulation of the nucleus accumbens core yielded temporally dynamic modulation of LFP power in multiple bandwidths across multiple brain regions. Coherence was seen to decrease in the alpha band between the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and core of the nucleus accumbens. Coherence between each core of the nucleus accumbens bilaterally showed rich temporal dynamics throughout the five day stimulation period. Stimulation cessation revealed significant "rebound" effects in both power and coherence in multiple brain regions. Overall, the initial changes in power observed with short-term stimulation are replaced by altered coherence, which may reflect the functional action of DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Ewing
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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22
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Quinkert AW, Pfaff DW. Temporal patterns of deep brain stimulation generated with a true random number generator and the logistic equation: effects on CNS arousal in mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:349-58. [PMID: 22285420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise in the treatment of many neurological and psychiatric disorders as well as a disorder of consciousness, the minimally conscious state (MCS). In the clinic, DBS is always monotonic standard pulses; however, we have hypothesized that temporally patterned pulses might be more efficient in achieving desired behavioral responses. Here we present two experiments on DBS of the central thalamus to increase arousal, as measured by motor activity, and to affect the electroencephalogram (EEG). In the first, we optimized amplitude and frequency in standard stimulation of the central thalamus in intact mice. In the second, the optimized fixed frequency was compared to two alternative temporal patterns, chaotic and random, which were physically identical to each other and fixed frequency in all ways except temporal pattern. In both experiments and with all types of stimulation, DBS of the central thalamus increased arousal as measured by motor activity. These data also revealed that temporal patterning of pulses can modulate response to stimulation. That temporal patterns in DBS of the central thalamus were found to alter motor activity response implies possible usefulness of temporal patterns in DBS of other contexts. More investigation into exactly how temporally patterned stimulation may affect neuronal circuit dynamics is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Quinkert
- Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, 1230 York Ave. Box 275, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Quinkert AW, Vimal V, Weil ZM, Reeke GN, Schiff ND, Banavar JR, Pfaff DW. Quantitative descriptions of generalized arousal, an elementary function of the vertebrate brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108 Suppl 3:15617-23. [PMID: 21555568 PMCID: PMC3176607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1101894108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We review a concept of the most primitive, fundamental function of the vertebrate CNS, generalized arousal (GA). Three independent lines of evidence indicate the existence of GA: statistical, genetic, and mechanistic. Here we ask, is this concept amenable to quantitative analysis? Answering in the affirmative, four quantitative approaches have proven useful: (i) factor analysis, (ii) information theory, (iii) deterministic chaos, and (iv) application of a Gaussian equation. It strikes us that, to date, not just one but at least four different quantitative approaches seem necessary for describing different aspects of scientific work on GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wells Quinkert
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior and Laboratory of Biological Modelling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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24
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Mair RG, Onos KD, Hembrook JR. Cognitive activation by central thalamic stimulation: the yerkes-dodson law revisited. Dose Response 2010; 9:313-31. [PMID: 22013395 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.10-017.mair] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Central thalamus regulates forebrain arousal, influencing activity in distributed neural networks that give rise to organized actions during alert, wakeful states. Central thalamus has been implicated in working memory by the effects of lesions and microinjected drugs in this part of the brain. Lesions and drugs that inhibit neural activity have been found to impair working memory. Drugs that increase activity have been found to enhance and impair memory depending on the dose tested. Electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) similarly enhances working memory at low stimulating currents and impairs it at higher currents. These effects are time dependent. They were observed when DBS was applied during the memory delay (retention) or choice response (retrieval) but not earlier in trials during the sample (acquisition) phase. The effects of microinjected drugs and DBS are consistent with the Yerkes-Dodson law, which describes an inverted-U relationship between arousal and behavioral performance. Alternatively these results may reflect desensitization associated with higher levels of stimulation, spread of drugs or current to adjacent structures, or activation of less sensitive neurons or receptors at higher DBS currents or drug doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Mair
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire
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