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Valladão SC, França AP, Pandolfo P, Dos Santos-Rodrigues A. Adenosinergic system and nucleoside transporters in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105771. [PMID: 38880409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heterogeneity that can affect individuals of any age. It is characterized by three main symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These neurobehavioral alterations and neurochemical and pharmacological findings are mainly attributed to unbalanced catecholaminergic signaling, especially involving dopaminergic pathways within prefrontal and striatal areas. Dopamine receptors and transporters are not solely implicated in this imbalance, as evidence indicates that the dopaminergic signaling is modulated by adenosine activity. To this extent, alterations in adenosinergic signaling are probably involved in ADHD. Here, we review the current knowledge about adenosine's role in the modulation of chemical, behavioral and cognitive parameters of ADHD, especially regarding dopaminergic signaling. Current literature usually links adenosine receptors signaling to the dopaminergic imbalance found in ADHD, but there is evidence that equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) could also be implicated as players in dopaminergic signaling alterations seen in ADHD, since their involvement in other neurobehavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Corrêa Valladão
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Angela Patricia França
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Pandolfo
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos-Rodrigues
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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2
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Shah PM, Pillarella NR, Telatin M, Negroni NC, Baals JN, Haemmerle GL, Pillari BT, Rhoads DE. Alcohol withdrawal and amphetamine co-use in an animal model for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38833614 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2349885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Background: Non-medical use of amphetamine and other stimulants prescribed for treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is of special concern when combined with alcohol consumption. In a previous study, we modeled chronic ethanol-amphetamine co-use in adolescent Long-Evans (LE) rats and provided evidence that amphetamine attenuates alcohol withdrawal symptoms.Objectives: This project modeled co-use of amphetamine with alcohol in adolescents with ADHD-like symptoms by examining ethanol-amphetamine administration in adolescent Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), an experimental model for the study of ADHD. Withdrawal symptoms were compared among SHR and two control rat strains, LE and Wistar Kyoto (WKY).Methods: At postnatal day 32, parallel groups of 12-24 male SHR, WKY and LE rats were administered a liquid diet containing ethanol (3.6%) and/or amphetamine (20 mg/L). Following administration periods up to 26 days, rats were withdrawn from their treatment and tested for overall severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms, general locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior.Results: Overall withdrawal severity was lower for SHR than for LE (p < .001) or WKY (p = .027). Co-consumption of amphetamine decreased withdrawal severity for LE (p = .033) and WKY (p = .011) but not SHR (p = .600). Only WKY showed increased anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal (p = .031), but not after amphetamine co-administration (p = .832).Conclusion: Alcohol withdrawal severity may be attenuated when co-used with amphetamine. However, as a model for ADHD, SHR adolescents appeared resistant to developing significant signs of alcohol withdrawal following alcohol consumption. Whether alcohol withdrawal symptoms are attenuated or absent, potential consequences could include a decreased awareness of an emerging problem with alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja M Shah
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Marta Telatin
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Natalie C Negroni
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica N Baals
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Grace L Haemmerle
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | | | - Dennis E Rhoads
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
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3
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Illes P, Ulrich H, Chen JF, Tang Y. Purinergic receptors in cognitive disturbances. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106229. [PMID: 37453562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors (Rs) of the ATP/ADP, UTP/UDP (P2X, P2Y) and adenosine (A1, A2A)-sensitive classes broadly interfere with cognitive processes both under quasi normal and disease conditions. During neurodegenerative illnesses, high concentrations of ATP are released from the damaged neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain; then, this ATP is enzymatically degraded to adenosine. Thus, the primary injury in neurodegenerative diseases appears to be caused by various protein aggregates on which a superimposed damage mediated by especially P2X7 and A2AR activation develops; this can be efficiently prevented by small molecular antagonists in animal models of the above diseases, or are mitigated in the respective knockout mice. Dementia is a leading symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and accompanies Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), especially in the advanced states of these illnesses. Animal experimentation suggests that P2X7 and A2ARs are also involved in a number of psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive behavior, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, small molecular antagonists of purinergic receptors are expected to supply us in the future with pharmaceuticals which are able to combat in a range of neurological/psychiatric diseases the accompanying cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Whenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Effects of Chronic Caffeine Consumption on Synaptic Function, Metabolism and Adenosine Modulation in Different Brain Areas. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010106. [PMID: 36671491 PMCID: PMC9855869 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors mainly control synaptic function, and excessive activation of adenosine receptors may worsen the onset of many neurological disorders. Accordingly, the regular intake of moderate doses of caffeine antagonizes adenosine receptors and affords robust neuroprotection. Although caffeine intake alters brain functional connectivity and multi-omics analyses indicate that caffeine intake modifies synaptic and metabolic processes, it is unclear how caffeine intake affects behavior, synaptic plasticity and its modulation by adenosine. We now report that male mice drinking caffeinated water (0.3 g/L) for 2 weeks were behaviorally indistinguishable (locomotion, mood, memory) from control mice (drinking water) and displayed superimposable synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation) in different brain areas (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala). Moreover, there was a general preservation of the efficiency of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors to control synaptic transmission and plasticity, although there was a tendency for lower levels of endogenous adenosine ensuring A1 receptor-mediated inhibition. In spite of similar behavioral and neurophysiological function, caffeine intake increased the energy charge and redox state of cortical synaptosomes. This increased metabolic competence likely involved a putative increase in the glycolytic rate in synapses and a prospective greater astrocyte-synapse lactate shuttling. It was concluded that caffeine intake does not trigger evident alterations of behavior or of synaptic plasticity but increases the metabolic competence of synapses, which might be related with the previously described better ability of animals consuming caffeine to cope with deleterious stimuli triggering brain dysfunction.
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Sogard AS, Mickleborough TD. The therapeutic potential of exercise and caffeine on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in athletes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:978336. [PMID: 36033633 PMCID: PMC9412016 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.978336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by evident and persistent inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and social difficulties and is the most common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder, and which may persist into adulthood. Seventy to 80% of children and adults with ADHD are treated with stimulant medication, with positive response rates occurring for both populations. Medicated ADHD individuals generally show sustained and improved attention, inhibition control, cognitive flexibility, on-task behavior, and cognitive performance. The ethics of ADHD medication use in athletics has been a debated topic in sport performance for a long time. Stimulants are banned from competition in accordance with World Anti-Doping Association and National Collegiate Athletic Association regulations, due to their ability to not only enhance cognitive performance but also exercise performance. Limited research has been conducted looking at the differences in exercise performance variables in unmedicated ADHD verses medicated ADHD. Not all ADHD athletes choose stimulant medication in their treatment plan due to personal, financial, or other reasons. Non-stimulant treatment options include non-stimulant medication and behavioral therapy. However, the use of caffeinated compounds and exercise has both independently been shown to be effective in the management of ADHD symptoms in human studies and animal models. This mini review will discuss the effect of exercise and caffeine on neurobehavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological factors, and exercise performance in ADHD athletes, and whether exercise and caffeine should be considered in the treatment plan for an individual with ADHD.
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Raony Í, Domith I, Lourenco MV, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Pandolfo P. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 modulates motor hyperactivity, cognition, and anxiety-like behavior in an animal model of ADHD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 117:110555. [PMID: 35346791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that has recently been implicated in several psychiatric conditions related to monoaminergic dysfunction, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and mood disorders. Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is also related to changes in monoaminergic neurotransmission, studies that assess whether TAAR1 participates in the neurobiology of ADHD are lacking. We hypothesized that TAAR1 plays an important role in ADHD and might represent a potential therapeutic target. Here, we investigate if TAAR1 modulates behavioral phenotypes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), the most validated animal model of ADHD, and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, used as a control strain). Our results showed that TAAR1 is downregulated in ADHD-related brain regions in SHR compared with WKY. While intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the selective TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB impaired cognitive performance in SHR, i.c.v. administration of highly selective TAAR1 full agonist RO5256390 decreased motor hyperactivity, novelty-induced locomotion, and induced an anxiolytic-like behavior. Overall, our findings show that changes in TAAR1 levels/activity underlie behavior in SHR, suggesting that TAAR1 plays a role in the neurobiology of ADHD. Although additional confirmatory studies are required, TAAR1 might be a potential pharmacological target for individuals with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ícaro Raony
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Animal Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ivan Domith
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Pablo Pandolfo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Animal Behavior, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil.
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Herrera-Morales WV, Ramírez-Lugo L, Cauich-Kumul R, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Núñez-Jaramillo L. Personalization of pharmacological treatments for ADHD: Why it is advisable and possible options to achieve it. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1236-1249. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220509155413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed primarily in children, although it is also present in adults. Patients present inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms that create difficulties in their daily lives. Pharmacological treatment with stimulants or non-stimulants is used most commonly to reduce ADHD symptoms. Although generally effective and safe, pharmacological treatments have different effects among patients, including lack of response and adverse reactions. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but they may derive from the highly diverse etiology of ADHD. Strategies to guide optimal pharmacological treatment selection on the basis of individual patients’ physiological markers are being developed. In this review, we describe the main pharmacological ADHD treatments used and their main drawbacks. We present alternatives under study that would allow the customization of pharmacological treatments to overcome these drawbacks and achieve more reliable improvement of ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Verónica Herrera-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas. División de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Quintana Roo. Chetumal, Quintana Roo. México
| | - Leticia Ramírez-Lugo
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México. México
| | - Roger Cauich-Kumul
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceúticas. División de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Quintana Roo. Chetumal, Quintana Roo. México
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas. Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida, México
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Núñez-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas. División de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Quintana Roo. Chetumal, Quintana Roo. México
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Vázquez JC, Martin de la Torre O, López Palomé J, Redolar-Ripoll D. Effects of Caffeine Consumption on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatment: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040739. [PMID: 35215389 PMCID: PMC8875377 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. ADHD impairments arise from irregularities primarily in dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) circuits within the prefrontal cortex. Due to ADHD medication’s controversial side effects and high rates of diagnosis, alternative/complementary pharmacological therapeutic approaches for ADHD are needed. Although the number of publications that study the potential effects of caffeine consumption on ADHD treatment have been accumulating over the last years, and caffeine has recently been used in ADHD research in the context of animal models, an updated evidence-based systematic review on the effects of caffeine on ADHD-like symptoms in animal studies is lacking. To provide insight and value at the preclinical level, a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was performed for all publications available up to 1 September 2021. Caffeine treatment increases attention and improves learning, memory, and olfactory discrimination without altering blood pressure and body weight. These results are supported at the neuronal/molecular level. Nonetheless, the role of caffeine in modulating ADHD-like symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity is contradictory, raising discrepancies that require further clarification. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that the cognitive effects of caffeine found in animal models could be translated to human ADHD, particularly during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier C. Vázquez
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Cognitive NeuroLab, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (O.M.d.l.T.); (D.R.-R.)
- Neuromodulation Unit, Institut Brain 360, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ona Martin de la Torre
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Cognitive NeuroLab, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (O.M.d.l.T.); (D.R.-R.)
- Neuromodulation Unit, Institut Brain 360, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júdit López Palomé
- Consorci d’Educació de Barcelona, Centre de Màxima Complexitat Elisenda de Montcada, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08010 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Diego Redolar-Ripoll
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Cognitive NeuroLab, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (O.M.d.l.T.); (D.R.-R.)
- Neuromodulation Unit, Institut Brain 360, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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Fraporti TT, Bandeira CE, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Martins-Silva T, Hutz MH, Rohde LA, Bau CHD, Grevet EH, da Silva BS, Rovaris DL, Dresch F, Contini V, Genro JP. Caffeine-related genes influence anxiety disorders in children and adults with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 145:353-360. [PMID: 34801255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders (AD) frequently co-occur, increasing morbidity and challenging treatment. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts in the brain through adenosine receptors, influencing attention, alertness, and anxiety. In the present study, we performed a gene-set analysis to verify if genes related to caffeine response are associated with anxiety disorders in 240 children and 406 adults with ADHD. We demonstrated an association between the gene-set with AD in children (P = 0.0054) and with the number of anxiety disorders in adults (P = 0.0197). In order to test if this effect is a result of anxiety in general or is related to AD comorbid with ADHD, we evaluated the association between caffeine gene-set with AD in an adult control sample. The gene-set was neither associated with the AD presence (P = 0.3008) nor with the number of AD (P = 0.5594) in this control sample. We also test this gene set with ADHD (n = 55,374) and AD (n = 18,186) GWAS summary statistics, and we did not observe significant results with ADHD (P = 0.5587) or AD (P = 0.3930). These findings suggest the caffeine-related genes play a role in the etiology of an anxiety disorder phenotype present in children and adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thailan Teles Fraporti
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cibele Edom Bandeira
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Martins-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mara Helena Hutz
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Human Physiology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Dresch
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Verônica Contini
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Júlia Pasqualini Genro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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10
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Ágoston C, Urbán R, Horváth Z, van den Brink W, Demetrovics Z. Self-Medication of ADHD Symptoms: Does Caffeine Have a Role? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:813545. [PMID: 35185656 PMCID: PMC8850715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.813545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulants are the most effective treatment for Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, studies have shown that nicotine dependence in patients with ADHD is probably best explained by self-medication. The question is whether this is also true for caffeine use and caffeine dependence. The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine the relationship of ADHD symptoms, caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder (CUD) and well-being. We hypothesized that those who have more ADHD symptoms and regularly consume caffeine have higher psychological well-being than those who have more ADHD symptoms, but do not consume caffeine. METHODS A general population sample (N = 2,259, 70.5% male, mean age 34.0) filled out the 10-item Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRS) and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and were asked about their caffeine consumption habits in an online survey. RESULTS There were no associations between ADHD and coffee, tea, energy drink or cola consumption or daily caffeine consumption. However, the results of the path analysis showed that the level of ADHD symptoms was positively associated with the level of CUD (β = 0.350) and negatively with the WHO-5 (β = -0.259). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine consumption was not associated with ADHD symptom severity and thus not likely to represent self-medication. On the contrary, caffeine use disorder severity is associated with more ADHD symptoms and both caffeine use disorder and ADHD are associated with lower well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Ágoston
- Institute of People-Environment Transaction, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
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11
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Kubrusly RCC, da Rosa Valli T, Ferreira MNMR, de Moura P, Borges-Martins VPP, Martins RS, Ferreira DDP, Sathler MF, de Melo Reis RA, Ferreira GC, Manhães AC, Dos Santos Pereira M. Caffeine Improves GABA Transport in the Striatum of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1946-1958. [PMID: 34637050 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is an excellent animal model that mimics the behavioral and neurochemical phenotype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we characterized the striatal GABA transport of SHR and investigated whether caffeine, a non-selective antagonist of adenosine receptors, could influence GABAergic circuitry. For this purpose, ex vivo striatal slices of SHR and Wistar (control strain) on the 35th postnatal day were dissected and incubated with [3H]-GABA to quantify the basal levels of uptake and release. SHR exhibited a reduced [3H]-GABA uptake and release, suggesting a defective striatal GABAergic transport system. GAT-1 appears to be the primary transporter for [3H]-GABA uptake in SHR striatum, as GAT-1 selective blocker, NO-711, completely abolished it. We also verified that acute exposure of striatal slices to caffeine improved [3H]-GABA uptake and release in SHR, whereas Wistar rats were not affected. GABA-uptake increase and cAMP accumulation promoted by caffeine was reverted by A1R activation with N6-cyclohexyl adenosine (CHA). As expected, the pharmacological blockade of cAMP-PKA signaling by H-89 also prevented caffeine-mediated [3H]-GABA uptake increment. Interestingly, a single caffeine exposure did not affect GAT-1 or A1R protein density in SHR, which was not different from Wistar protein levels, suggesting that the GAT-1-dependent transport in SHR has a defective functional activity rather than lower protein expression. The current data support that caffeine regulates GAT-1 function and improves striatal GABA transport via A1R-cAMP-PKA signaling, specifically in SHR. These results reinforce that caffeine may have therapeutic use in disorders where the GABA transport system is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pâmella de Moura
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Robertta Silva Martins
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular E Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroenergética E Erros Inatos Do Metabolismo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Básica E Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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12
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Zhang X, Talpos J, Berridge MS, Apana SM, Slikker W, Wang C, Paule MG. MicroPET/CT assessment of neurochemical effects in the brain after long-term methylphenidate treatment in nonhuman primates. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107017. [PMID: 34265415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a psychostimulant approved by the FDA to treatment Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). MPH is believed to exert its pharmacological effects via preferential blockade of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), resulting in increased monoamine levels in the synapse. We used a quantitative non-invasive PET imaging technique to study the effects of long-term methylphenidate use on the central nervous system (CNS). We conducted microPET/CT scans on young adult male rhesus monkeys to monitor changes in the dopaminergic system. We used [18F] AV-133, a ligand for the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and [18F]FESP a ligand for the D2 and 5HT2 receptors. In this study we evaluated the effects if chronic MPH treatment in the nonhuman primates (NHP). Two-year-old, male rhesus monkeys were orally administered MPH diluted in the electrolyte replenisher, Prang, twice a day, five days per week (M-F) over an 8-year period. The dose of MPH was gradually escalated from 0.15 mg/kg initially to 2.5 mg/kg/dose for the low dose group, and 1.5 mg/kg to 12.5 mg/kg/dose for the high dose group (Rodriguez et al., 2010). Scans were performed on Mondays, about 60 h after their last treatment, to avoid the acute effects of MPH. Tracers were injected intravenously ten minutes before microPET/CT scanning. Sessions lasted about 120 min. The Logan reference tissue model was used to determine the Binding Potential (BP) of each tracer in the striatum with the cerebellar cortex time activity curve as an input function. Both MP treatment groups had a lower [18F] AV-133 BP, although this failed to reach statistical significance. MPH treatment did not have a significant effect on The BP of [18F] FESP in the striatum. Long-term administration of MPH did not significant change any of the marker of monoamine function used here. These data suggest that, despite lingering concerns, long-term use of methylphenidate does not negatively impact monoamine function. This study also demonstrates that microPET imaging can distinguish differences in binding potentials of a variety of radiotracers in the CNS of NHPs. This approach may provide minimally-invasive biomarkers of neurochemical processes associated with chronic exposure to CNS medications. (Supported by NCTR).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America.
| | - J Talpos
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - M S Berridge
- 3D Imaging, LLC, Little Rock, AR 72113 and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States of America
| | - S M Apana
- 3D Imaging, LLC, Little Rock, AR 72113 and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States of America
| | - W Slikker
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - C Wang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - M G Paule
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
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Caffeine - treat or trigger? Disparate behavioral and long-term dopaminergic changes in control and schizophrenia-like Wisket rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 236:113410. [PMID: 33819453 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of caffeine on behavioral functions in both healthy and schizophrenic subjects is controversial. Here we aimed to reveal the effects of repeated caffeine pre- and post-training treatments on motor and exploratory activities and cognitive functions in a reward-based test (Ambitus) along with a brain region-specific dopamine D2 receptor profile in control and schizophrenia-like WISKET model rats. In the control animals, pre-treatment caused temporary enhancement in motor activity, while permanent improvement in learning function was detected in the WISKET animals. Post-treatment produced significant impairments in both groups. Caffeine caused short-lasting hyperactivity followed by a rebound in the inactive phase determined in undisturbed circumstance. Caffeine treatment substantially enhanced the dopamine D2 receptor mediated G-protein activation in the prefrontal cortex and olfactory bulb of both groups, while it increased in the dorsal striatum and cerebral cortex only in the WISKET animals. Caffeine enhanced the maximal binding capacity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of WISKET animals, but it decreased in the prefrontal cortex of the control animals. Regarding the dopamine D2 receptor mRNA expression, caffeine treatment caused significant enhancement in the prefrontal cortex of WISKET animals, while it increased the hippocampal dopamine D2 receptor protein amount in both groups. This study highlights the disparate effects of caffeine pre- versus post-training treatments on behavioral parameters in both control and schizophrenia-like animals and the prolonged changes in the dopaminergic system. It is supposed that the delayed depressive effects of caffeine might be compensated by frequent coffee intake, as observed in schizophrenic patients.
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Caffeine Consumption plus Physical Exercise Improves Behavioral Impairments and Stimulates Neuroplasticity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR): an Animal Model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3902-3919. [PMID: 32621279 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder, mainly characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, but also by olfactory and memory impairments that frequently persist throughout lifetime. The pathophysiology of ADHD is complex, involving several brain regions and neural pathways including alterations in adenosine neuromodulation. The administration of caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) and physical exercise have been independently pointed as effective approaches for the management of ADHD symptoms. Here, we evaluated the effects of caffeine consumption (0.3 mg/mL in drinking water) plus physical exercise in running wheels during 6 weeks-starting during either adolescence (30 days old) or adulthood (4-5 months old)-on behavioral performance (including olfactory discrimination, open field, object recognition, and water maze tests) on the brain levels of monoamines (by high-performance liquid chromatography), on proteins related to synaptic plasticity and on brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling (by Western blot analysis) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a validated animal model of ADHD. SHRs displayed persistent impairments of olfactory and short-term recognition memory from adolescence to adulthood, which were accompanied by lower levels of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The association of caffeine plus physical exercise during adolescence or adulthood restored the olfactory discrimination ability and, in an independent manner, improved short-term recognition memory of SHRs. These benefits were not associated to alterations in locomotor activity or in the hypertensive phenotype. The association of caffeine consumption plus physical exercise during adolescence increased the levels of SNAP-25, syntaxin, and serotonin in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and striatal dopamine levels in SHRs. These results provide new evidence of the potential of caffeine and physical exercise, starting at adolescence or adult life, to improve behavioral impairments and stimulate neuroplasticity in ADHD.
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Ramos AC, de Mattos Hungria F, Camerini BA, Suiama MA, Calzavara MB. Potential beneficial effects of caffeine administration in the neonatal period of an animal model of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112674. [PMID: 32417274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obstetric complications, like maternal hypertension and neonatal hypoxia, disrupt brain development, leading to psychiatry disorders later in life, like schizophrenia. The exact mechanisms behind this risk are not yet well known. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are a well-established model to study neurodevelopment of schizophrenia since they exhibit behavioral alterations mimicking schizophrenia that can be improved with antipsychotic drugs. SHR mothers are hypertensive, and the SHR offspring develop in preeclampsia-like conditions. Hypoxic conditions increase levels of adenosine, which play an important role in brain development. The enhanced levels of adenosine at birth could be related to the future development of schizophrenia. To investigate this hypothesis adenosine levels of brain neonatal Wistar rats and SHR were quantified. After that, caffeine, an antagonist of adenosinergic system, was administrated on PND (postnatal day) 7 (neurodevelopmental age similar to a human at delivery) and rats were observed at adolescent and adult ages. We also investigated the acute effects of caffeine at adolescent and adult ages. SHR control adolescent and adult groups presented behavioral deficits like hyperlocomotion, deficit in social interaction (SI), and contextual fear conditioning (CFC). In SHR, neonatal caffeine treatment on PND 7 normalized hyperlocomotion, improved SI, and CFC observed at adolescent period and adult ages, showing a beneficial effect on schizophrenia-like behaviors. Wistar rats neonatally treated with caffeine exhibited hyperlocomotion, deficit in SI and CFC when observed at adolescent and adult ages. Acutely caffeine treatment administrated at adolescent and adult ages increased locomotion and decreased SI time of Wistar rats and impair CFC in adult Wistars. No effects were observed in SHR. In conclusion, caffeine can be suggested as a useful drug to prevent behavioral deficits observed in this animal model of prenatal hypoxia-induced schizophrenia profile when specifically administered on PND 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Camargo Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mayra Akimi Suiama
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bendlin Calzavara
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Medicine from Faculdade Israelita De Ciências Da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Neuroprotective Potential of Allium sativum against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity: Impact on Short-Term Memory, Gliosis, and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041028. [PMID: 32290031 PMCID: PMC7230314 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of Allium sativum against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity with respect to its impact on short-term memory in rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats were assigned into four groups. The control group received distilled water. The second group was administered Allium sativum powder (200 mg/kg of body weight) orally for 7 successive days, then was left without treatment until the 30th day. The third group was injected intraperitoneally with MSG (4 g/kg of body weight) for 7 successive days, then left without treatment until the 30th day. The fourth group was injected with MSG in the same manner as the third group and was treated with Allium sativum powder in the same manner as the second group, simultaneously. Phytochemical analysis of Allium sativum powder identified the presence of diallyl disulphide, carvone, diallyl trisulfide, and allyl tetrasulfide. MSG-induced excitotoxicity and cognitive deficit were represented by decreased distance moved and taking a long time to start moving from the center in the open field, as well as lack of curiosity in investigating the novel object and novel arm. Moreover, MSG altered hippocampus structure and increased MDA concentration and protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), calretinin, and caspase-3, whereas it decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and protein expression of Ki-67 in brain tissue. However, Allium sativum powder prevented MSG-induced neurotoxicity and improved short-term memory through enhancing antioxidant activity and reducing lipid peroxidation. In addition, it decreased protein expression of GFAP, calretinin, and caspase-3 and increased protein expression of Ki-67 in brain tissues and retained brain tissue architecture. This study indicated that Allium sativum powder ameliorated MSG-induced neurotoxicity through preventing oxidative stress-induced gliosis and apoptosis of brain tissue in rats.
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Adenosine A2A receptor as potential therapeutic target in neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Leffa DT, Panzenhagen AC, Salvi AA, Bau CHD, Pires GN, Torres ILS, Rohde LA, Rovaris DL, Grevet EH. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the behavioral effects of methylphenidate in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:166-179. [PMID: 30826386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most widely used model for ADHD. While face and construct validity are consolidated, questions remain about the predictive validity of the SHR model. We aim at summarizing the evidence for the predictive validity of SHR by evaluating its ability to respond to methylphenidate (MPH), the most well documented treatment for ADHD. A systematic review was carried out to identify studies evaluating MPH effects on SHR behavior. Studies (n=36) were grouped into locomotion, attention, impulsivity or memory, and a meta-analysis was performed. Meta-regression, sensitivity, heterogeneity, and publication bias analyses were also conducted. MPH increased attentional and mnemonic performances in the SHR model and decreased impulsivity in a dose-dependent manner. However, MPH did not reduce hyperactivity in low and medium doses, while increased locomotor activity in high doses. Thus, since the paradoxical effect of stimulant in reducing hyperactivity was not observed in the SHR model, our study does not fully support the predictive validity of SHR, questioning their validity as an animal model for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas T Leffa
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical studies - Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alana C Panzenhagen
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Artur A Salvi
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical studies - Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Pires
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical studies - Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit - GPPG - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis A Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ferré S, Díaz-Ríos M, Salamone JD, Prediger RD. New Developments on the Adenosine Mechanisms of the Central Effects of Caffeine and Their Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018; 8:121-131. [PMID: 30596206 PMCID: PMC6306650 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2018.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on interactions between striatal adenosine and dopamine and one of its main targets, the adenosine A2A receptor–dopamine D2 receptor (A2AR–D2R) heteromer, have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the psychostimulant effects of caffeine and have brought forward new data on the mechanisms of operation of classical orthosteric ligands within G protein-coupled receptor heteromers. The striatal A2AR–D2R heteromer has a tetrameric structure and forms part of a signaling complex that includes a Gs and a Gi protein and the effector adenyl cyclase (subtype AC5). Another target of caffeine, the adenosine A1 receptor–dopamine D1 receptor (A1R–D1R) heteromer, seems to have a very similar structure. Initially suggested to be localized in the striatum, the A1R–D1R heteromer has now been identified in the spinal motoneuron and shown to mediate the spinally generated caffeine-induced locomotion. In this study, we review the recently discovered properties of A2AR–D2R and A1R–D1R heteromers. Our studies demonstrate that these complexes are a necessary condition to sustain the canonical antagonistic interaction between a Gs-coupled receptor (A2AR or D1R) and a Gi-coupled receptor (D2R or A1R) at the adenylyl cyclase level, which constitutes a new concept in the field of G protein-coupled receptor physiology and pharmacology. A2AR antagonists targeting the striatal A2AR–D2R heteromer are already being considered as therapeutic agents in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we review the preclinical evidence that indicates that caffeine and A2AR antagonists could be used to treat the motivational symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, while A1R antagonists selectively targeting the spinal A1R–D1R heteromer could be used in the recovery of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Manuel Díaz-Ríos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - John D Salamone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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França AP, Takahashi RN, Cunha RA, Prediger RD. Promises of Caffeine in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: From Animal Models to Clinical Practice. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Patricia França
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo N. Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Nunes F, Pochmann D, Almeida AS, Marques DM, Porciúncula LDO. Differential Behavioral and Biochemical Responses to Caffeine in Male and Female Rats from a Validated Model of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8486-8498. [PMID: 29557061 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest sex differences in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology. The potential benefits of caffeine have been reported in the management of ADHD, but its effects were not properly addressed with respect to sex differences. The present study examined the effects of caffeine (0.3 g/L) administered since childhood in the behavior and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its related proteins in both sexes of a rat model of ADHD (spontaneously hypertensive rats-SHR). Hyperlocomotion, recognition, and spatial memory disturbances were observed in adolescent SHR rats from both sexes. However, females showed lack of habituation and worsened spatial memory. Although caffeine was effective against recognition memory impairment in both sexes, spatial memory was recovered only in female SHR rats. Besides, female SHR rats showed exacerbated hyperlocomotion after caffeine treatment. SHR rats from both sexes presented increases in the BDNF, truncated and phospho-TrkB receptors and also phospho-CREB levels in the hippocampus. Caffeine normalized BDNF in males and truncated TrkB receptor at both sexes. These findings provide insight into the potential of caffeine against fully cognitive impairment displayed by females in the ADHD model. Besides, our data revealed that caffeine intake since childhood attenuated behavioral alterations in the ADHD model associated with changes in BDNF and TrkB receptors in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Nunes
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Amanda Staldoni Almeida
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Lisiane de Oliveira Porciúncula
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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22
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Cunha RA. How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2016; 139:1019-1055. [PMID: 27365148 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1 R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2A R) in the brain. The activity-dependent release of adenosine acts as a brake of excitatory transmission through A1 R, which are enriched in glutamatergic terminals. Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the 'activated' synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the 'activated' synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change. Brain insults trigger a large outflow of adenosine and ATP, as a danger signal. A1 R are a hurdle for damage initiation, but they desensitize upon prolonged activation. However, if the insult is near-threshold and/or of short-duration, A1 R trigger preconditioning, which may limit the spread of damage. Brain insults also up-regulate A2A R, probably to bolster adaptive changes, but this heightens brain damage since A2A R blockade affords neuroprotection in models of epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's disease. This initially involves a control of synaptotoxicity by neuronal A2A R, whereas astrocytic and microglia A2A R might control the spread of damage. The A2A R signaling mechanisms are largely unknown since A2A R are pleiotropic, coupling to different G proteins and non-canonical pathways to control the viability of glutamatergic synapses, neuroinflammation, mitochondria function, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, simultaneously bolstering A1 R preconditioning and preventing excessive A2A R function might afford maximal neuroprotection. The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses. Brain insults trigger an up-regulation of A2A R in an attempt to bolster adaptive plasticity together with adenosine release and A1 R desensitization; this favors synaptotocity (increased A2A R) and decreases the hurdle to undergo degeneration (decreased A1 R). Maximal neuroprotection is expected to result from a combined A2A R blockade and increased A1 R activation. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Matheus FC, Rial D, Real JI, Lemos C, Ben J, Guaita GO, Pita IR, Sequeira AC, Pereira FC, Walz R, Takahashi RN, Bertoglio LJ, Da Cunha C, Cunha RA, Prediger RD. Decreased synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex underlies short-term memory deficits in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 301:43-54. [PMID: 26707254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor dysfunction associated with dopaminergic degeneration in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). However, motor symptoms in PD are often preceded by short-term memory deficits, which have been argued to involve deregulation of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We now used a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat PD model to explore if alterations of synaptic plasticity in DLS and mPFC underlie short-term memory impairments in PD prodrome. The bilateral injection of 6-OHDA (20μg/hemisphere) in the DLS caused a marked loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (>80%) and decreased monoamine levels in the striatum and PFC, accompanied by motor deficits evaluated after 21 days in the open field and accelerated rotarod. A lower dose of 6-OHDA (10μg/hemisphere) only induced a partial degeneration (about 60%) of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with no gross motor impairments, thus mimicking an early premotor stage of PD. Notably, 6-OHDA (10μg)-lesioned rats displayed decreased monoamine levels in the PFC as well as short-term memory deficits evaluated in the novel object discrimination and in the modified Y-maze tasks; this was accompanied by a selective decrease in the amplitude of long-term potentiation in the mPFC, but not in DLS, without changes of synaptic transmission in either brain regions. These results indicate that the short-term memory dysfunction predating the motor alterations in the 6-OHDA model of PD is associated with selective changes of information processing in PFC circuits, typified by persistent changes of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe C Matheus
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rial
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana I Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Ben
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gisele O Guaita
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Inês R Pita
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêuticas Experimentais/IBILI, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Sequeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêuticas Experimentais/IBILI, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêuticas Experimentais/IBILI, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roger Walz
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo N Takahashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro J Bertoglio
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Da Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3005-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui D Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88049-900, SC, Brazil; Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Hospital Universitário (HU), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Concentration- and age-dependent effects of chronic caffeine on contextual fear conditioning in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 298:69-77. [PMID: 25827925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic caffeine exerts negligible effects on learning and memory in normal adults, but it is unknown whether this is also true for children and adolescents. The hippocampus, a brain region important for learning and memory, undergoes extensive structural and functional modifications during pre-adolescence and adolescence. As a result, chronic caffeine may have differential effects on hippocampus-dependent learning in pre-adolescents and adolescents compared with adults. Here, we characterized the effects of chronic caffeine and withdrawal from chronic caffeine on hippocampus-dependent (contextual) and hippocampus-independent (cued) fear conditioning in pre-adolescent, adolescent, and adult mice. The results indicate that chronic exposure to caffeine during pre-adolescence and adolescence enhances or impairs contextual conditioning depending on concentration, yet has no effect on cued conditioning. In contrast, withdrawal from chronic caffeine impairs contextual conditioning in pre-adolescent mice only. No changes in learning were seen for adult mice for either the chronic caffeine or withdrawal conditions. These findings support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to caffeine during pre-adolescence and adolescence can alter learning and memory and as changes were only seen in hippocampus-dependent learning, which suggests that the developing hippocampus may be sensitive to the effects of caffeine.
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Ioannidis K, Chamberlain SR, Müller U. Ostracising caffeine from the pharmacological arsenal for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--was this a correct decision? A literature review. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:830-6. [PMID: 24989644 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114541014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most widespread psychotropic substances in the world. It exerts multiple effects on the brain including adenosine receptor antagonism, and thereby has been found to modulate aspects of cognition, including attention, in animal models and in healthy human volunteers. This review considers what is known of the effects of caffeine on symptoms and cognitive functions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prototypical disorder of cognitive dysfunction. We consider the merits of investigating further caffeine's therapeutic potential as a monotherapy or as an adjunctive agent in ADHD. The potential benefits of re-opening a dialogue regarding the use of caffeine in ADHD clinical practice are highlighted, along with potential implications for the use of adenosine receptor antagonists in ADHD and other disorders characterised by cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Kishikawa Y, Kawahara Y, Yamada M, Kaneko F, Kawahara H, Nishi A. The spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm) shows attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors but without impulsive behavior: therapeutic implications of low-dose methylphenidate. Behav Brain Res 2014; 274:235-42. [PMID: 25151620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been used as a genetic animal model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). SHR/Izm is derived from stroke-resistant SHR as SHR/NIH and SHR/NCrl but from 22nd to 23rd generation descendants of the SHR/NIH ancestor and therefore may show different behavioral phenotypes compared to other SHR sub-strains. In this study, ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm were evaluated compared to Wistar rats. SHR/Izm showed high locomotor activity in the habituation phase in a novel environment, although locomotor activity in the initial exploratory phase was low. In a behavioral test for attention, spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze test was impaired in SHR/Izm. However, impulsive behavior in the elevated-plus maze test, which is designed to detect anxiety-related behavior but also reflects impulsivity for novelty seeking, was comparable to Wistar rats. Hyperactivity and inattention, detected as ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm, were ameliorated with methylphenidate at a low dose (0.05mg/kg, i.p.). Therefore, SHR/Izm represents a unique animal model of ADHD without anxiety-related impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yukie Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-Cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 168-8666, Japan.
| | - Fumi Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kawahara
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi 2-1-3, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
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27
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Ardais A, Borges M, Rocha A, Sallaberry C, Cunha R, Porciúncula L. Caffeine triggers behavioral and neurochemical alterations in adolescent rats. Neuroscience 2014; 270:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Porciúncula LO, Sallaberry C, Mioranzza S, Botton PHS, Rosemberg DB. The Janus face of caffeine. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:594-609. [PMID: 24055856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is certainly the psychostimulant substance most consumed worldwide. Over the past years, chronic consumption of caffeine has been associated with prevention of cognitive decline associated to aging and mnemonic deficits of brain disorders. While its preventive effects have been reported extensively, the cognitive enhancer properties of caffeine are relatively under debate. Surprisingly, there are scarce detailed ontogenetic studies focusing on neurochemical parameters related to the effects of caffeine during prenatal and earlier postnatal periods. Furthermore, despite the large number of epidemiological studies, it remains unclear how safe is caffeine consumption during pregnancy and brain development. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review what is currently known about the actions of caffeine intake on neurobehavioral and adenosinergic system during brain development. We also reviewed other neurochemical systems affected by caffeine, but not only during brain development. Besides, some recent epidemiological studies were also outlined with the control of "pregnancy signal" as confounding variable. The idea is to tease out how studies on the impact of caffeine consumption during brain development deserve more attention and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil.
| | - Cássia Sallaberry
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Mioranzza
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique S Botton
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó. Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó/SC, Brazil
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29
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Caffeine regulates frontocorticostriatal dopamine transporter density and improves attention and cognitive deficits in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:317-28. [PMID: 22561003 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) likely involves dopaminergic dysfunction in the frontal cortex and striatum, resulting in cognitive and motor abnormalities. Since both adenosine and dopamine modulation systems are tightly intertwined, we tested if caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) attenuated the behavioral and neurochemical changes in adolescent spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, a validated ADHD animal model) compared to their control strain (Wistar Kyoto rats, WKY). SHR were hyperactive and had poorer performance in the attentional set-shifting and Y-maze paradigms and also displayed increased dopamine transporter (DAT) density and increased dopamine uptake in frontocortical and striatal terminals compared with WKY rats. Chronic caffeine treatment was devoid of effects in WKY rats while it improved memory and attention deficits and also normalized dopaminergic function in SHR. Additionally, we provide the first direct demonstration for the presence of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) in frontocortical nerve terminals, whose density was increased in SHR. These findings underscore the potential for caffeine treatment to normalize frontocortical dopaminergic function and to abrogate attention and cognitive changes characteristic of ADHD.
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30
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Molero Y, Gumpert C, Serlachius E, Lichtenstein P, Walum H, Johansson D, Anckarsäter H, Westberg L, Eriksson E, Halldner L. A study of the possible association between adenosine A2A receptor gene polymorphisms and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder traits. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:305-10. [PMID: 23332182 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) is linked to the dopamine neurotransmitter system and is also implicated in the regulation of alertness, suggesting a potential association with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits. Furthermore, animal studies suggest that the ADORA2A may influence ADHD-like behavior. For that reason, the ADORA2A gene emerges as a promising candidate for studying the etiology of ADHD traits. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ADORA2A gene polymorphisms and ADHD traits in a large population-based sample. This study was based on the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS), and included 1747 twins. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder traits were assessed through parental reports, and samples of DNA were collected. Associations between six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ADHD traits were examined, and results suggested a nominal association between ADHD traits and three of these SNPs: rs3761422, rs5751876 and rs35320474. For one of the SNPs, rs35320474, results remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. These results indicate the possibility that the ADORA2A gene may be involved in ADHD traits. However, more studies replicating the present results are warranted before this association can be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Molero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Mc Fie S, Sterley TL, Howells FM, Russell VA. Clozapine decreases exploratory activity and increases anxiety-like behaviour in the Wistar–Kyoto rat but not the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Res 2012; 1467:91-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Caffeine improves attention deficit in neonatal 6-OHDA lesioned rats, an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neurosci Lett 2011; 494:44-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Leite MR, Wilhelm EA, Jesse CR, Brandão R, Nogueira CW. Protective effect of caffeine and a selective A2A receptor antagonist on impairment of memory and oxidative stress of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2010; 46:309-15. [PMID: 21122814 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of caffeine (CAF) and SCH58261, a selective A(2A) receptor antagonist, on memory impairment and oxidative stress generated by aging in rats were investigated. Young and aged rats were treated daily per 10 days with CAF (30 mg/kg p.o.) or SCH58261 (0.5mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (1 ml/kg p.o.). Rats were trained and tested in a novel object recognition task. After the behavioral test, ascorbic acid and oxygen and nitrogen reactive species levels as well as Na(+)K(+) ATPase activity were determined in rat brain. The results demonstrated that the age-related memory deficit was reversed by treatment with CAF or SCH58261. Treatment with CAF or SCH58261 significantly normalized oxygen and nitrogen reactive species levels increased in brains of aged rats. Na(+)K(+) ATPase activity inhibited in brains of aged rats was also normalized by CAF or SCH58261 treatment. A decrease in basal ascorbic acid levels in brains of aged rats was not changed by CAF or SCH58261. These results demonstrated that CAF and SCH58261, modulators of adenosinergic receptors, were able to reverse age-associated memory impairment and to partially reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Régis Leite
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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