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Brito RC, Olivato T, Kitabatake TT, Zhang K, de Oliveira Guirro EC, de Araujo JE. Static magnetic field blocked alprazolam-induced behavior of Wistar rats in the elevated plus-maze test. Neurosci Lett 2023; 794:137013. [PMID: 36521644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that psychotropic drugs change rat behavior in the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). This study investigated whether static magnetic fields could alter alprazolam-induced rat behavior in the EPM. 66 male Wistar rats (270-300 g weight) were assigned to one of the following groups: Sham Magnetic + Saline (SMS), North Pole + Saline (NPS), South Pole + Saline (SPS), Sham magnetic + alprazolam (SMA), NP + alprazolam (NPA), and SP + alprazolam (SPA). After five days of static magnetic stimulation (3200 Gauss), they received alprazolam or saline (1 mg/kg), and their behavior was evaluated. Two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak post-hock were used, with a significant P value of <0.05. The SMA and NPA groups showed an increased number of entries and time in the open arms compared with the SMS group. SPA showed a decrease in these measures when compared to SMA [F(2,61) = 6.43 and F(2,61) = 3.72, respectively]. The SMA and NPA groups showed increased head dipping and end-arm activity compared with the SMS group. SPA showed a decrease in these measures when compared to SMA [F(2,61) = 3.37 and [F(2,61) = 4.72, respectively]. These results show that the south magnetic pole of a static magnetic field blocked the alprazolam effect in the space-time variables of the open arms and ethological anxiolytic-like behavior in the EPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cardoso Brito
- Laboratory of Neuropsychobiology and Motor Behavior, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), AV. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thairyne Olivato
- Laboratory of Neuropsychobiology and Motor Behavior, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), AV. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Takae Tamy Kitabatake
- Laboratory of Neuropsychobiology and Motor Behavior, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), AV. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychobiology and Motor Behavior, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), AV. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro
- Laboratory of Neuropsychobiology and Motor Behavior, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), AV. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo de Araujo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychobiology and Motor Behavior, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), AV. dos Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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Campos-Cardoso R, Godoy LD, Lazarini-Lopes W, Novaes LS, Dos Santos NB, Perfetti JG, Garcia-Cairasco N, Munhoz CD, Padovan CM. Exploring the light/dark box test: Protocols and implications for neuroscience research. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 384:109748. [PMID: 36410541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on the neurobiological systems underlying psychiatric disorders has considerably evolved due to findings on basic research using animal models. Anxiety-like behaviors in rodents are widely explored in neuroethological apparatuses, such as the light-dark box (LDB) test through different protocols, which have been shown to influence the behavioral outcomes and probably the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. NEW METHOD Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to LDB in different room illumination conditions (25/0, 65/0 and/or 330/0 lux), initial positioning in the LDB compartments and previous stressful experience in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) or restraint stress (RS). Rats' behavior (exploratory and risk assessment) was registered during a 15 min period, divided into blocks of 5 min RESULTS: Exploration of the lit compartment decreased in higher luminosity condition, as after positioning rats in the dark compartment or previous exposure to the EPM, while low luminosity increased exploration of the LDB. No differences were observed on serum corticosterone in all groups and experimental conditions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Light intensity and test duration influenced exploration of the LDB jeopardizing the anxiolytic/anxiogenic effects. Low light intensity increased exploration, while high intensity decreased it. These results suggest that 65/0 lux is a neutral condition to investigate possible anxiolytic/anxiogenic effects of drugs and/or exposure to previous aversive stimuli as the EPM. CONCLUSIONS Different factors impact on exploratory and risk assessment behaviors which may be related to safety maximization behavior. Unraveling how different factors affect behavior may be a crucial step towards understanding its expression and the contributions on advances in the physiopathology 1 and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Campos-Cardoso
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Cidade Universitária, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-901, Brazil
| | - Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Cidade Universitária, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Lazarini-Lopes
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Cidade Universitária, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-901, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santana Novaes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Prédio ICB 1 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto Dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Prédio ICB 1 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Juliano Genaro Perfetti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Prédio ICB 1 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-901, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Cidade Universitária, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Prédio ICB 1 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Padovan
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-901, Brazil; Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Cidade Universitária, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Silveira LM, Tavares LRR, Baptista-de-Souza D, Carmona IM, Carneiro de Oliveira PE, Nunes-de-Souza RL, Canto-de-Souza A. Anterior cingulate cortex, but not amygdala, modulates the anxiogenesis induced by living with conspecifics subjected to chronic restraint stress in male mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1077368. [PMID: 36688134 PMCID: PMC9853544 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1077368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohabitation with a partner undergoing chronic restraint stress (CRE) induces anxiogenic-like behaviors through emotional contagion. We hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala would be involved in the modulation of this emotional process. This study investigated the role of the ACC and amygdala in empathy-like behavior (e.g., anxiety-like responses) induced by living with a mouse subjected to CRE. Male Swiss mice were housed in pairs for 14 days and then allocated into two groups: cagemate stress (one animal of the pair was subjected to 14 days of restraint stress) and cagemate control (no animal experienced stress). Twenty-four hours after the last stress session, cagemates had their brains removed for recording FosB labeling in the ACC and amygdala (Exp.1). In experiments 2 and 3, 24 h after the last stress session, the cagemates received 0.1 μL of saline or cobalt chloride (CoCl2 1 mM) into the ACC or amygdala, and then exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) for recording anxiety. Results showed a decrease of FosB labeling in the ACC without changing immunofluorescence in the amygdala of stress cagemate mice. Cohabitation with mice subjected to CRE provoked anxiogenic-like behaviors. Local inactivation of ACC (but not the amygdala) reversed the anxiogenic-like effects induced by cohabitation with a partner undergoing CRE. These results suggest the involvement of ACC, but not the amygdala, in anxiety induced by emotional contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maria Silveira
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology/Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Graduate Program in Psychology, Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH)-Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Renata Rodrigues Tavares
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology/Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology/Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil,Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Miranda Carmona
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology/Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Carneiro de Oliveira
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology/Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Graduate Program in Psychology, Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH)-Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil,Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Azair Canto-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology/Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Graduate Program in Psychology, Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas (CECH)-Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil,Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Azair Canto-de-Souza, ;
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Early-life low-level lead exposure alters anxiety-like behavior, voluntary alcohol consumption and AC5 protein content in adult male and female C57BL/6 J mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 95:107149. [PMID: 36539102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite efforts to eradicate sources of environmental lead (Pb), children, predominately in lower socioeconomic areas, are still frequently exposed to unsafe levels of Pb from soils, dust, and water. Human studies suggest that Pb exposure is associated with altered drug consumption in adults; however, there is limited research at comparable exposure levels (blood Pb levels <10 μg/dL). To model how early-life, low-level Pb exposure affects alcohol consumption in adulthood, we exposed postnatal day (PND) 21 C57Bl/6 J mice to either 30 ppm or 0 ppm Lead (IV) Acetate in distilled water until PND 42, and testing began in adulthood. We predicted that mice with early-life Pb exposure would exhibit greater anxiety-like behavior and consume more alcohol in a three-week Drinking-in-the-Dark procedure (20% v/v) and a 24-h two-bottle choice procedure (10% v/v). We also predicted that Pb exposure would decrease whole-brain content of Adenylate Cyclase-5 (AC5), a protein linked to anxiety-like behaviors and alcohol drinking. There was no difference in limited-access binge-like consumption between exposure groups; however, Pb-exposed mice displayed higher two-bottle choice alcohol intake and preference. Furthermore, Pb-exposed mice exhibited greater anxiety-like behaviors in experiments conducted before an alcohol drinking history but not after. Finally, Pb-exposed mice exhibited an upregulation of whole-brain AC5 protein content. However, this difference was not found in the nucleus accumbens, dorsomedial or dorsolateral striatum. These findings conclude that early-life Pb exposure alters voluntary alcohol consumption and whole-brain AC5 protein content in adulthood. Future studies are necessary to further understand the mechanism behind how Pb exposure alters alcohol intake.
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Blanchard DC. Are cognitive aspects of defense a core feature of anxiety and depression? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104947. [PMID: 36343691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent behavior disorders, particularly in women. Recent preclinical work using animal models has been suboptimal in predicting the efficacy of drugs targeted at these conditions, suggesting a potential discrepancy between such models and the human disorders. Notably female animals tend to be equal to, or less responsive than, males in these tasks. A number of analyses suggest that mammalian defense patterns are complex: In addition to relatively discrete and immediate fight, flight, and freezing responses, a risk assessment pattern may occur in response to threat stimuli or situations with ambiguous elements. This pattern combines defensiveness with a number of cognition-linked behaviors such as sensory attention and orientation, approach, contact, and investigation of the potential threat. Studies measuring elements of this pattern suggest that female rats, and perhaps female mice, show higher levels than equivalent males. Higher female involvement may also occur in tasks involving learning/generalization/extinction of defensiveness to conditioned stimuli. Such findings are consonant with recent analyses of "female survival strategies" based on differential adaptiveness of cognitive components of defensiveness in females, due to the necessity of female care of offspring until they are independent. These data suggest the value of additional behavioral and functional analyses of cognitive aspects of defensive behavior; contributing to both an understanding of their underlying mechanisms, and providing more sensitive measures of drug responsivity for use with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caroline Blanchard
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Institute of Biomedical Sciences at the University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Gutiérrez-García AG, Contreras CM. Putative Anti-Immobility Action of Acute Insulin Is Attributable to an Increase in Locomotor Activity in Healthy Wistar Rats. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 80:483-492. [PMID: 33827082 DOI: 10.1159/000515141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Anti-immobility actions of insulin in diabetic rats that are subjected to the forced swim test (FST) have been reported. In this test, low doses of antidepressants exert actions after long-term treatment, without affecting locomotor activity in healthy rats. Few studies have compared acute and chronic actions of insulin with antidepressants in healthy rats. METHODS We hypothesized that if insulin exerts a true anti-immobility action, then its effects must be comparable to fluoxetine in both a 1-day treatment regimen and a 21-day treatment regimen in healthy, gonadally intact female Wistar rats. RESULTS The results showed that low levels of glycemia were produced by all treatments, including fluoxetine, and glycemia was lower in proestrus-estrus than in diestrus-metestrus. None of the treatments or regimens produced actions on indicators of anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Insulin in the 1-day regimen increased the number of crossings and rearings in the open field test and caused a low cumulative immobility time in the FST. These actions disappeared in the 21-day regimen. Compared with the other treatments, fluoxetine treatment alone or combined with insulin produced a longer latency to the first period of immobility and a shorter immobility time in the chronic regimen in the FST, without affecting locomotor activity, and more pronounced actions were observed in proestrus-estrus (i.e., a true anti-immobility effect). CONCLUSION These results indicate that insulin does not produce a true antidepressant action in healthy rats. The purported antidepressant effects that were observed were instead attributable to an increase in locomotor activity only in the 1-day regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Gutiérrez-García
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Contreras
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Periférica Xalapa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Xalapa, Mexico
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7
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González-Gaspar P, Macías-Carballo M, Cadena-Mejía T, Landa-Jiménez MA, Montes-González FM, López-Meraz ML, Beltran-Parrazal L, Morgado-Valle C. Analixity: An open source, low-cost analysis system for the elevated plus maze test, based on computer vision techniques. Behav Processes 2021; 193:104539. [PMID: 34752911 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Manual analysis of behavioral tests in rodents involves inspection of video recordings by a researcher that assesses rodent movements to quantify parameters related with a behavior of interest. The assessment of the researcher during the quantification of such parameters can introduce variability among experimental conditions or among sessions of analysis. Here, we introduce Analixity, a video processing software for the elevated plus maze test (EPM), in which quantification of behavioral parameters is automatic, reducing the time spent in analysis and solving the variability problem. Analixity is an adaptable multiplatform open-source system. Analixity generates an Excel file with the quantified behavioral variables, such as time spent in open and closed arms and in the center zone, number of entries to each zone and total distance traveled during the test. For validation, we compared results obtained by Analixity with results obtained by manual analysis. We did not find statistically significant differences. In addition, we compared the results obtained by Analixity with results obtained by the commercial software ANY-maze. We did not find statistically significant differences in the quantification of parameters such as time spent in open arms, time spent in closed arms, time spent in center zone, number of closed arms, open arms entries, and anxiety index. We concluded that Analixity is an open-source software as reliable and effective as a commercial software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia González-Gaspar
- Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Matemáticas, Mexico; Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Investigaciones en Inteligencia Artificial, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel A Landa-Jiménez
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Investigaciones en Inteligencia Artificial, Mexico
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Cortes MA, Corder KM, Dobrunz LE. Differences between adult and adolescent male mice in approach/avoidance and expression of hippocampal NPY in response to acute footshock. Stress 2021; 24:965-977. [PMID: 34546150 PMCID: PMC8908778 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1976139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common neuropsychiatric disorders diagnosed in adolescence and adulthood. Stress can lead to an increase in anxiety-related behaviors, although the consequences of stress in rodents are typically investigated only in adults. The levels of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a mediator of stress resilience, are reduced in adult patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. For rodents, footshock is a physical stressor that increases anxiety-like behavior and reduces NPY in adults, however, the effects in adolescents are unknown. Here we used a 30-min unpredictable footshock protocol to investigate the differences in behavior and stress-relevant molecules between adolescent (6 weeks) and adult (3 months) male C57Bl6/J mice. The protocol resulted in fear expression in both ages as observed by enhanced freezing during footshock and elevation in plasma corticosterone and NPY shortly after exposure. However, effects on approach/avoidance behavior were different between the two ages. One week after footshock exposure, adult mice showed reduced open arm time and entries on elevated plus maze (EPM), whereas adolescent mice showed no effect. Footshock mice in both age groups displayed reduced activity levels in EPM and open field. The hypolocomotion did not relate to motor deficits, as there were no differences between footshock and control groups using rotarod. Surprisingly, we found that the adolescent mice had elevated NPY peptide expression in hippocampus, whereas adults had reduced expression one week after footshock exposure. Together, these results demonstrate that stress differentially affects both behavior and the important stress resilience factor NPY in adolescents compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Cortes
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katelynn M Corder
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lynn E Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Acero-Castillo MC, Ardila-Figueroa MC, Botelho de Oliveira S. Anhedonic Type Behavior and Anxiety Profile of Wistar-UIS Rats Subjected to Chronic Social Isolation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:663761. [PMID: 34122025 PMCID: PMC8192826 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.663761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Social Isolation (CSI) is a model of prolonged stress employed in a variety of studies to induce depression and anxious behavior in rats. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of CSI on male Wistar rats in terms of "anhedonic-type" behavior in the Sucrose Preference Test (SPT) and anxiogenic profile in the elevated-plus-maze (EPM) test, as well as evaluating the effect of resocialization upon sucrose consumption. A total of 24 adolescent male Wistar rats were evaluated. The animals were housed either together (communally) or socially isolated for 21 days, and then exposed for four consecutive days to the SPT test [water vs. a 32% sucrose solution (SS)]. Four days later, they were again subjected to the SPT test (32% vs. 0.7% SS), and then tested on the EPM apparatus 3 days later. Following the completion of the anxiogenic profile of the model, the animals were resocialized for 72 h and then re-tested once again using the SPT (32% vs. 0.7% SS). Twenty-four hours after this final consumption, the animals were euthanized to record the weight of their adrenal glands (AG). It was found that exposure to CSI produces anhedonic-type behavior and an anxiogenic profile in adolescent male rats, as evidenced in both the SPT and EPM tests, as well as in the animals' physiological stress response. It was also demonstrated that resocialization does not reverse the anhedonic-type behavior, nor the physiological response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Camila Acero-Castillo
- Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sectional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.,Neurosciences and Behavior, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sectional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.,Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - María Camila Ardila-Figueroa
- Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sectional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.,Neurosciences and Behavior, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sectional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Silvia Botelho de Oliveira
- Neurosciences and Behavior, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sectional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.,Psychology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Psychobiology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sectional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.,Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sectional Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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10
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Campos-Cardoso R, Silva CPB, Carolino ROG, Anselmo-Franci JA, Tirapelli CR, Padovan CM. Imipramine attenuates anxiety- and depressive-like effects of acute and prolonged ethanol-abstinence in male rats by modulating SERT and GR expression in the dorsal hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113295. [PMID: 33839161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Considering that serotoninergic agents attenuate symptoms of anxiety and are used to treat depression, we investigated whether subchronic treatment with imipramine, a serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, would prevent the anxiogenic-like behaviour induced by acute and/or chronic ethanol withdrawal. We also investigated whether those changes were related to the disfunctioning of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonergic neurotransmission. MAIN METHODS 264 Male Wistar rats were treated with ethanol 6% (vol./vol.) for 21 days. Acute ethanol withdrawal was induced by abrupt discontinuation of treatment and sustained for 48 h. Protracted abstinence was sustained for an additional period of 21 days. Behavioural tests included the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) or Light/Dark Box (LDB) after acute abstinence, and the Forced Swim Test (FST) after protracted abstinence. Imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 24, 19 and 1 h before EPM or LDB tests. KEY FINDINGS Acute abstinence decreased exploration of the open arms of the EPM, without changing exploration of LDB. Additionally, chronic abstinent rats displayed more time immobile in the FST, when compared to control animals. These effects were attenuated by imipramine treatment, without changing basal response. Imipramine prevented protracted abstinence -induced decrease in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the dorsal hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that chronic ethanol withdrawal affects the hippocampal serotonergic system by decreasing serotonin transporter expression. It also disturbs the HPA axis functioning through an imbalance on GR and mineralocorticoid (MR) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Campos-Cardoso
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla P B Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M Padovan
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Özakman S, Gören MZ, Nurten A, Tekin N, Kalaycı R, Enginar N. Effects of tamoxifen and glutamate and glutamine levels in brain regions in repeated sleep deprivation-induced mania model in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:619-629. [PMID: 33104849 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C inhibitor tamoxifen reduces symptoms of acute mania in bipolar patients and mania-like behaviors in animals. Memory impairment and altered levels of glutamate and glutamate/glutamine ratio have been reported in mania. Tamoxifen suppresses glutamate release which plays an important role in memory. The present study evaluated whether tamoxifen's activity participates in its antimanic efficacy in repeated sleep deprivation mania model. Mice were divided into control and 24-h sleep-deprived groups and were treated with vehicle or 1 mg/kg tamoxifen twice daily for 8 days. Sleep deprivation was repeated three times at intervals of 2 days. Square crossing and rearing were recorded as measures of locomotor activity. Memory and risk taking behavior were evaluated using novel object recognition and staircase tests, respectively. Glutamate and glutamine levels were measured in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Behavioral tests were conducted 24 h after the second or immediately after the third sleep deprivations. Sleep deprivation increased locomotor activity and risk taking. Glutamate and glutamine levels and glutamate/glutamine ratio in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were unaffected. Locomotor hyperactivity was prevented by tamoxifen treatment. No change in the recognition index suggested lack of memory impairment in the model. These findings confirm the relevance of repeated sleep deprivation as a mania model and tamoxifen as an antimanic agent. However, future research is needed to further address lack of memory impairment in the model and lack of glutamatergic influence on the model and antimanic effect of tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Özakman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Zafer Gören
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asiye Nurten
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Tekin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rivaze Kalaycı
- Department of Laboratory Animals Science, Istanbul University Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Enginar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Cavalcanti CCL, Da Silva Aragão R, Cadena-Burbano EV, Oliveira TRDP, Silva JM, Benjamim RDAC, Lago AB, Silva EHM, Costa TL, Manhães-De-Castro R. High-caloric or isocaloric maternal high-fat diets differently affect young-adult offspring behavior in anxiety-related tests and offspring sensitivity to acute fluoxetine. Behav Brain Res 2021; 403:113141. [PMID: 33508349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the influence of two maternal high-fat diets with different caloric contents on anxiety-like behavior in young-adult offspring and their sensitivity to acute fluoxetine. METHODS females Wistar rats were used and divided according to diet received during gestation and lactation: Control (CTR), high-fat/isocaloric (HI) and high-fat/high-caloric (HH). Offspring were subsequently divided into three subgroups according to acute administration of vehicle or fluoxetine (1 or 10 mg/kg). To assess animals' anxiety-like behaviors, three tests were used: open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM) and free-exploratory paradigm (FEP). RESULTS In OF, HI and HH showed increased hyperactivity- and anxiety-related behaviors, HI being more hyperactive than HH. In response to fluoxetine, HI offspring decreased number of quadrants entered, decreased number of central entries and spent less time in rearing in peripheral areas, while HH offspring showed less time spent in rearing in the OF peripheral area. In EPM test, HI pups spent more time in closed arms than the HH pups. Fluoxetine decreased number of open arms entries for HI offspring and increased percentage of time spent in central area for HH animals. Maternal diet did not influence FEP test, neither HI nor HH presented a response after fluoxetine acute administration. CONCLUSION Maternal high-fat diets influence offspring anxiety-like behavior in state-anxiety tests but not in trait-anxiety test. Responsiveness to acute fluoxetine depended on maternal diet, dose and which behavioral tests were being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Da Silva Aragão
- Graduate Program of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Physical Education and Sport Science Nucleus Academic Center of Vitoria, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Maria Silva
- Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Braz Lago
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Thuani Lamenha Costa
- Physical Education and Sport Science Nucleus Academic Center of Vitoria, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | - Raul Manhães-De-Castro
- Graduate Program of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Mendes-Gomes J, Paschoalin-Maurin T, Donaldson LF, Lumb BM, Blanchard DC, Coimbra NC. Repeated exposure of naïve and peripheral nerve-injured mice to a snake as an experimental model of post-traumatic stress disorder and its co-morbidity with neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2020; 1744:146907. [PMID: 32474017 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Confrontation of rodents by natural predators provides a number of advantages as a model for traumatic or stressful experience. Using this approach, one of the aims of this study was to investigate a model for the study of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related behaviour in mice. Moreover, because PTSD can facilitate the establishment of chronic pain (CP), and in the same way, patients with CP have an increased tendency to develop PTSD when exposed to a traumatic event, our second aim was to analyse whether this comorbidity can be verified in the new paradigm. C57BL/6 male mice underwent chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI), a model of neuropathic CP, or not (sham groups) and were submitted to different threatening situations. Threatened mice exhibited enhanced defensive behaviours, as well as significantly enhanced risk assessment and escape behaviours during context reexposure. Previous snake exposure reduced open-arm time in the elevated plus-maze test, suggesting an increase in anxiety levels. Sham mice showed fear-induced antinociception immediately after a second exposure to the snake, but 1 week later, they exhibited allodynia, suggesting that multiple exposures to the snake led to increased nociceptive responses. Moreover, after reexposure to the aversive environment, allodynia was maintained. CCI alone produced intense allodynia, which was unaltered by exposure to either the snake stimuli or reexposure to the experimental context. Together, these results specifically parallel the behavioural symptoms of PTSD, suggesting that the snake/exuvia/reexposure procedure may constitute a useful animal model to study PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Avenida do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil; Dracena Medical School (UNIFADRA-FUNDEC), Rua Bahia, 332, Dracena, 17900-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Paschoalin-Maurin
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Avenida do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy F Donaldson
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre and School of Life Sciences, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget M Lumb
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - D Caroline Blanchard
- Pacific Biosciences Research Centre, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Ophidiarium LNN-FMRP-USP/INeC, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Avenida do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil; University of São Paulo Neurobiology of Emotions Research Centre (NAP-USP-NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Masukawa MY, Correa-Netto NF, Silva-Gomes AM, Linardi A, Santos-Junior JG. Anxiety-like behavior in acute and protracted withdrawal after morphine-induced locomotor sensitization in C57BL/6 male mice: The role of context. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 194:172941. [PMID: 32404301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Contextual memory plays an important role in development and maintenance of drug addiction. However, little is known about of the role contextual memory in the emergence of a negative emotional state in the withdrawal period. Therefore, this study investigated anxiety-like behavior in acute and protracted morphine withdrawal of mice submitted to a locomotor sensitization protocol and the influence of contextual memory on this behavior. Male adult C57Bl6 mice were subjected to morphine locomotor sensitization and anxiety-like behavior was assessed by using the elevated plus maze test (EPM). To evaluate associative memory, the mice were re-exposed to the context of locomotor sensitization immediately before EPM. As expected, repeated morphine administrations promoted locomotor sensitization, seen as a gradual increase in the distance traveled during the acquisition phase. There was an increase in anxiety-like behavior upon acute withdrawal, as indicated by a decrease in open arms activity (OAA), but this effect dissipated over time. However, when the context was presented, mice in protracted withdrawal showed enhanced anxiety-like behavior, indicated by an increase in closed arms activity (CAA). This effect was context specific since re-exposure in an alternative context did not change the anxiety-like behavior. Treatment with diazepam counteracted the decrease in OAA in acute withdrawal and the increase in CAA induced by context re- exposure during protracted abstinence. Thus, repeated morphine administration induced a negative emotional state when the drug was discontinued. The context associated with drug exposure played a pivotal role in the appearance of anxiety-like behavior, even long after drug discontinuation. There were differences in the patterns of anxiety behaviors in acute (unconditioned anxiety-like behavior) and protracted (conditioned anxiety-like behavior) withdrawal since the former was characterized by a passive behavioral strategy and the latter by an active behavioral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Yuriko Masukawa
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Francisco Correa-Netto
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Marcos Silva-Gomes
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Linardi
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair Guilherme Santos-Junior
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Party H, Dujarrier C, Hébert M, Lenoir S, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Delépée R, Fauchon C, Bouton MC, Obiang P, Godefroy O, Save E, Lecardeur L, Chabry J, Vivien D, Agin V. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) deficiency predisposes to depression and resistance to treatments. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:153. [PMID: 31610810 PMCID: PMC6791031 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most frequent psychiatric illnesses, leading to reduced quality of life, ability to work and sociability, thus ranking among the major causes of disability and morbidity worldwide. To date, genetic and environmental determinants of MDD remain mostly unknown. Here, we investigated whether and how the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may contribute to MDD. We first examined the phenotype of PAI-1 knockout (PAI-1−/−) and wild-type (PAI-1+/+) male mice with a range of behavioral tests assessing depressive-like behaviors (n = 276). We next investigated the mechanisms relating PAI-1 to MDD using molecular, biochemical and pharmacological analyzes. We demonstrate here that PAI-1 plays a key role in depression by a mechanism independent of the tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (tPA) – Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) axis, but associated with impaired metabolisms of serotonin and dopamine. Our data also reveal that PAI-1 interferes with therapeutic responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (escitalopram, fluoxetine). We thus highlight a new genetic preclinical model of depression, with the lack of PAI-1 as a factor of predisposition to MDD. Altogether, these original data reveal that PAI-1 should be now considered as a key player of MDD and as a potential target for the development of new drugs to cure depressive patients resistant to current treatments.
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Mohammed Sur T, Akbaba E, Hassan SA, Bagci E. Neuropharmacological profile of Hypericum scabrum L. essential oil in rats. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1655491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Mohammed Sur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Emel Akbaba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Salam A. Hassan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Eyup Bagci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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17
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Tabbai S, Moreno-Fernández RD, Zambrana-Infantes E, Nieto-Quero A, Chun J, García-Fernández M, Estivill-Torrús G, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Oliveira TG, Pérez-Martín M, Pedraza C. Effects of the LPA 1 Receptor Deficiency and Stress on the Hippocampal LPA Species in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:146. [PMID: 31244601 PMCID: PMC6580287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important bioactive lipid species that functions in intracellular signaling through six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Among these receptors, LPA1 is a strong candidate to mediate the central effects of LPA on emotion and may be involved in promoting normal emotional behaviors. Alterations in this receptor may induce vulnerability to stress and predispose an individual to a psychopathological disease. In fact, mice lacking the LPA1 receptor exhibit emotional dysregulation and cognitive alterations in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Moreover, the loss of this receptor results in a phenotype of low resilience with dysfunctional coping in response to stress and induces anxiety and several behavioral and neurobiological changes that are strongly correlated with mood disorders. In fact, our group proposes that maLPA1-null mice represent an animal model of anxious depression. However, despite the key role of the LPA-LPA1-pathway in emotion and stress coping behaviors, the available information describing the mechanisms by which the LPA-LPA1-pathway regulates emotion is currently insufficient. Because activation of LPA1 requires LPA, here, we used a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization mass spectrometry-based approach to evaluate the effects of an LPA1 receptor deficiency on the hippocampal levels of LPA species. Additionally, the impact of stress on the LPA profile was also examined in both wild-type (WT) and the Malaga variant of LPA1-null mice (maLPA1-null mice). Mice lacking LPA1 did not exhibit gross perturbations in the hippocampal LPA species, but the LPA profile was modified, showing an altered relative abundance of 18:0 LPA. Regardless of the genotype, restraint stress produced profound changes in all LPA species examined, revealing that hippocampal LPA species are a key target of stress. Finally, the relationship between the hippocampal levels of LPA species and performance in the elevated plus maze was established. To our knowledge, this study is the first to detect, identify and profile LPA species in the hippocampus of both LPA1-receptor null mice and WT mice at baseline and after acute stress, as well as to link these LPA species with anxiety-like behaviors. In conclusion, the hippocampal LPA species are a key target of stress and may be involved in psychopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tabbai
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Román Dario Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maria García-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Medicina Deportiva, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Perinatal Nutrition and Programmed Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Focus on Animal Models. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:122-134. [PMID: 30293647 PMCID: PMC6309477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is critically important for fetal development. Recent human studies demonstrate a strong connection between diet during pregnancy and offspring risk for neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Animal models have emerged as a crucial tool for understanding maternal nutrition's contribution to prenatal programming and the later development of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review highlights preclinical studies examining how maternal consumption of the three macronutrients (protein, fats, and carbohydrates) influence offspring negative-valence behaviors relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders. We highlight the translational aspects of animal models and so examine exposure periods that mirror the neurodevelopmental stages of human gestation. Because of our emphasis on programmed changes in neurobehavioral development, studies that continue diet exposure until assessment in adulthood are not discussed. The presented research provides a strong foundation of preclinical evidence of nutritional programming of neurobehavioral impairments. Alterations in risk assessment and response were observed alongside neurodevelopmental impairments related to neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. To date, the large majority of studies utilized rodent models, and the field could benefit from additional study of large-animal models. Additional future directions are discussed, including the need for further studies examining how sex as a biological variable affects the contribution of maternal nutrition to prenatal programming.
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Campos-Rodríguez C, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Alvarez-Guerra A, Vargas IMC, Cuevas-Hernández RI, Andrade-Jorge E, Zamudio S, Juan ERS. Neuropharmacological Screening of Chiral and Non-chiral Phthalimide- Containing Compounds in Mice: in vivo and in silico Experiments. Med Chem 2019; 15:102-118. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180525082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Thalidomide, the first synthesized phthalimide, has demonstrated sedative-
hypnotic and antiepileptic effects on the central nervous system. N-substituted phthalimides
have an interesting chemical structure that confers important biological properties.
Objective:
Non-chiral (ortho and para bis-isoindoline-1,3-dione, phthaloylglycine) and chiral
phthalimides (N-substituted with aspartate or glutamate) were synthesized and the sedative, anxiolytic
and anticonvulsant effects were tested.
Method:
Homology modeling and molecular docking were employed to predict recognition of the
analogues by hNMDA and mGlu receptors. The neuropharmacological activity was tested with the
open field test and elevated plus maze (EPM). The compounds were tested in mouse models of
acute convulsions induced either by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 90 mg/kg) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP;
10 mg/kg).
Results:
The ortho and para non-chiral compounds at 562.3 and 316 mg/kg, respectively, decreased
locomotor activity. Contrarily, the chiral compounds produced excitatory effects. Increased
locomotor activity was found with S-TGLU and R-TGLU at 100, 316 and 562.3 mg/kg,
and S-TASP at 316 and 562.3 mg/kg. These molecules showed no activity in the EPM test or PTZ
model. In the 4-AP model, however, S-TGLU (237.1, 316 and 421.7 mg/kg) as well as S-TASP
and R-TASP (316 mg/kg) lowered the convulsive and death rate.
Conclusion:
The chiral compounds exhibited a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist profile and
the non-chiral molecules possessed selective sedative properties. The NMDAR exhibited stereoselectivity
for S-TGLU while it is not a preference for the aspartic derivatives. The results appear to
be supported by the in silico studies, which evidenced a high affinity of phthalimides for the
hNMDAR and mGluR type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Campos-Rodríguez
- Physiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José G. Trujillo-Ferrara
- Medicinal Biochemistry Department, Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cardenas del Río, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ameyali Alvarez-Guerra
- Physiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irán M. Cumbres Vargas
- Physiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto I. Cuevas-Hernández
- Medicinal Biochemistry Department, Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cardenas del Río, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erik Andrade-Jorge
- Medicinal Biochemistry Department, Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cardenas del Río, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Zamudio
- Physiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo R.-S. Juan
- Physiology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Single aggressive and non-aggressive social interactions elicit distinct behavioral patterns to the context in mice. Behav Processes 2018; 157:601-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Sousa FSS, Birmann PT, Balaguez R, Alves D, Brüning CA, Savegnago L. α-(phenylselanyl) acetophenone abolishes acute restraint stress induced-comorbid pain, depression and anxiety-related behaviors in mice. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Animals, anxiety, and anxiety disorders: How to measure anxiety in rodents and why. Behav Brain Res 2018; 352:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Narváez M, Borroto-Escuela DO, Santín L, Millón C, Gago B, Flores-Burgess A, Barbancho MA, Pérez de la Mora M, Narváez J, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Fuxe K. A Novel Integrative Mechanism in Anxiolytic Behavior Induced by Galanin 2/Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptor Interactions on Medial Paracapsular Intercalated Amygdala in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:119. [PMID: 29765307 PMCID: PMC5938606 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is evoked by a threatening situation and display adaptive or defensive behaviors, found similarly in animals and humans. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor (NPYY1R) and Galanin (GAL) receptor 2 (GALR2) interact in several regions of the limbic system, including the amygdala. In a previous study, GALR2 enhanced NPYY1R mediated anxiolytic actions on spatiotemporal parameters in the open field and elevated plus maze, involving the formation of GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes in the amygdala. Moreover, the inclusion of complementary ethological parameters provides a more comprehensive profile on the anxiolytic effects of a treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the anxiolytic effects and circuit activity modifications caused by coactivation of GALR2 and NPYY1R. Ethological measurements were performed in the open field, the elevated plus-maze and the light-dark box, together with immediate early gene expression analysis within the amygdala-hypothalamus-periaqueductal gray (PAG) axis, as well as in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) to demonstrate the formation of GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes. GALR2 and NPYY1R coactivation resulted in anxiolytic behaviors such as increased rearing and head-dipping, reduced stretch attend postures and freezing compared to single agonist or aCSF injection. Neuronal activity indicated by cFos expression was decreased in the dorsolateral paracapsular intercalated (ITCp-dl) subregion of the amygdala, ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus and ventrolateral part of the periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), while increased in the perifornical nucleus of the hypothalamus (PFX) following coactivation of GALR2 and NPYY1R. Moreover, an increased density of GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes was explicitly observed in ITCp-dl, following GALR2 and NPYY1R coactivation. Besides, knockdown of GALR2 was found to reduce the density of complexes in ITCp-dl. Taken together, these results open up the possibility that the increased anxiolytic activity demonstrated upon coactivation of NPYY1R and GALR2 receptor was related to actions on the ITCp-dl. GALR2-NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes may inhibit neuronal activity, by also modifying the neuronal networks of the hypothalamus and the PAG. These results indicate that GALR2/NPYY1R interactions in medial paracapsular intercalated amygdala can provide a novel integrative mechanism in anxiolytic behavior and the basis for the development of heterobivalent agonist drugs targeting GALR2/NPYY1R heteromers, especially in the ITCp-dl of the amygdala for the treatment of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Narváez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy.,Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Luis Santín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmelo Millón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Belén Gago
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Flores-Burgess
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Barbancho
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez de la Mora
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Narváez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Zaida Díaz-Cabiale
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Corticosterone level and central dopaminergic activity involved in agile and exploratory behaviours in formosan wood mice (Apodemus semotus). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:549-559. [PMID: 29589113 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The native Formosan wood mouse (Apodemus semotus) is the dominant rodent in Taiwan. In their natural environment, Formosan wood mice exhibit high locomotor activity, including searching and exploratory behaviours, which is observed similarly in the laboratory environment. How the behavioural responses of Formosan wood mice exhibit in elevated plus maze and marble burying tests remains unclear. How corticosterone levels and central dopaminergic activities are related to the behaviours in these tests is also unclear. This study compared the behaviours of Formosan wood mice with that of C57BL/6J mice using the elevated plus maze and marble burying tests, and measured the corticosterone levels and central dopaminergic activities. Formosan wood mice showed greater locomotor and exploratory activity than the C57BL/6J mice. Similarly, the marble burying and rearing numbers were higher for Formosan wood mice. High locomotor and exploratory behaviours were strongly correlated with corticosterone levels after acute mild restraint stress in Formosan wood mice. The anxiolytic, diazepam, reduced the high exploratory activity, corticosterone levels and central dopaminergic activities. The high locomotor and exploratory behaviours of Formosan wood mice are related to the corticosterone levels and central dopaminergic activities. These data may explain Formosan wood mice dominance in the intermediate altitude of Taiwan.
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26
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Sorregotti T, Cipriano AC, Cruz FC, Mascarenhas DC, Rodgers RJ, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Amygdaloid involvement in the defensive behavior of mice exposed to the open elevated plus-maze. Behav Brain Res 2017; 338:159-165. [PMID: 29080676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the exposure to an open elevated plus maze (oEPM, an EPM with all four open arms) elicits fear/anxiety-related responses in laboratory rodents. However, very little is known about the underlying neural substrates of these defensive behaviors. Accordingly, the present study investigated the effects of chemical inactivation of the amygdala [through local injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2: a nonspecific synaptic blocker)] on the behavior of oEPM-exposed mice. In a second experiment, the pattern of activation of the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) nuclei of the amygdala was assessed through quantification of Fos protein expression in mice subjected to one of several behavioral manipulations. To avoid the confound of acute handling stress, 4 independent groups of mice were habituated daily for 10days to an enclosed EPM (eEPM) and, on day 11 prior to immunohistochemistry, were either taken directly from their home cage (control) or individually exposed for 10min to a new clean holding cage (novelty), an eEPM, or the oEPM. An additional group of mice (maze-naïve) was not subjected to either the habituation or exposure phase but were simply chosen at random from their home cages to undergo an identical immunohistochemistry procedure. Results showed that amygdala inactivation produced an anxiolytic-like profile comprising reductions in time spent in the proximal portions of the open arms and total stretched attend postures (SAP) as well as increases in time spent in the distal portions of the open arms and total head-dipping. Moreover, Fos-positive labeled cells were bilaterally increased in the amygdaloid complex, particularly in the BLA, of oEPM-exposed animals compared to all other groups. These results suggest that the amygdala (in particular, its BLA nucleus) plays a key role in the modulation of defensive behaviors in oEPM-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Sorregotti
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Cipriano
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, 04023-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Cardozo Mascarenhas
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Becker JA, Kieffer BL, Le Merrer J. Differential behavioral and molecular alterations upon protracted abstinence from cocaine versus morphine, nicotine, THC and alcohol. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1205-1217. [PMID: 27126842 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Unified theories of addiction are challenged by differing drug-seeking behaviors and neurobiological adaptations across drug classes, particularly for narcotics and psychostimulants. We previously showed that protracted abstinence to opiates leads to despair behavior and social withdrawal in mice, and we identified a transcriptional signature in the extended amygdala that was also present in animals abstinent from nicotine, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and alcohol. Here we examined whether protracted abstinence to these four drugs would also share common behavioral features, and eventually differ from abstinence to the prototypic psychostimulant cocaine. We found similar reduced social recognition, increased motor stereotypies and increased anxiety with relevant c-fos response alterations in morphine, nicotine, THC and alcohol abstinent mice. Protracted abstinence to cocaine, however, led to strikingly distinct, mostly opposing adaptations at all levels, including behavioral responses, neuronal activation and gene expression. Together, these data further document the existence of common hallmarks for protracted abstinence to opiates, nicotine, THC and alcohol that develop within motivation/emotion brain circuits. In our model, however, these do not apply to cocaine, supporting the notion of unique mechanisms in psychostimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme A.J. Becker
- Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104; Université de Strasbourg; France
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247; Université de Tours Rabelais; France
| | - Brigitte L. Kieffer
- Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104; Université de Strasbourg; France
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Canada
| | - Julie Le Merrer
- Médecine Translationelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104; Université de Strasbourg; France
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247; Université de Tours Rabelais; France
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Chaverra M, George L, Mergy M, Waller H, Kujawa K, Murnion C, Sharples E, Thorne J, Podgajny N, Grindeland A, Ueki Y, Eiger S, Cusick C, Babcock AM, Carlson GA, Lefcort F. The familial dysautonomia disease gene IKBKAP is required in the developing and adult mouse central nervous system. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:605-618. [PMID: 28167615 PMCID: PMC5451171 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) are a genetically and clinically diverse group of disorders defined by peripheral nervous system (PNS) dysfunction. HSAN type III, known as familial dysautonomia (FD), results from a single base mutation in the gene IKBKAP that encodes a scaffolding unit (ELP1) for a multi-subunit complex known as Elongator. Since mutations in other Elongator subunits (ELP2 to ELP4) are associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorders, the goal of this study was to investigate a potential requirement for Ikbkap in the CNS of mice. The sensory and autonomic pathophysiology of FD is fatal, with the majority of patients dying by age 40. While signs and pathology of FD have been noted in the CNS, the clinical and research focus has been on the sensory and autonomic dysfunction, and no genetic model studies have investigated the requirement for Ikbkap in the CNS. Here, we report, using a novel mouse line in which Ikbkap is deleted solely in the nervous system, that not only is Ikbkap widely expressed in the embryonic and adult CNS, but its deletion perturbs both the development of cortical neurons and their survival in adulthood. Primary cilia in embryonic cortical apical progenitors and motile cilia in adult ependymal cells are reduced in number and disorganized. Furthermore, we report that, in the adult CNS, both autonomic and non-autonomic neuronal populations require Ikbkap for survival, including spinal motor and cortical neurons. In addition, the mice developed kyphoscoliosis, an FD hallmark, indicating its neuropathic etiology. Ultimately, these perturbations manifest in a developmental and progressive neurodegenerative condition that includes impairments in learning and memory. Collectively, these data reveal an essential function for Ikbkap that extends beyond the peripheral nervous system to CNS development and function. With the identification of discrete CNS cell types and structures that depend on Ikbkap, novel strategies to thwart the progressive demise of CNS neurons in FD can be developed. Summary:Ikbkap is essential for normal CNS development, neuronal survival and behavior, adding to our understanding of the role of the Elongator complex in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chaverra
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Lynn George
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.,Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT 59101, USA
| | - Marc Mergy
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Hannah Waller
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Katharine Kujawa
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Connor Murnion
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ezekiel Sharples
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Julian Thorne
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.,University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathaniel Podgajny
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Yumi Ueki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Steven Eiger
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Cassie Cusick
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - A Michael Babcock
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Frances Lefcort
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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29
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Coimbra NC, Paschoalin-Maurin T, Bassi GS, Kanashiro A, Biagioni AF, Felippotti TT, Elias-Filho DH, Mendes-Gomes J, Cysne-Coimbra JP, Almada RC, Lobão-Soares B. Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:72-83. [PMID: 28177062 PMCID: PMC7112733 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Methods: PubMed was reviewed in search of articles focusing on the plus maze test, EPM, and ETM, as well as on defensive behaviors displayed by threatened rodents. In addition, the authors' research with polygonal arenas and complex labyrinth (designed by the first author for confrontation between snakes and small rodents) was examined. Results: The EPM and ETM tests evoke anxiety/fear-related defensive responses that are pharmacologically validated, whereas the confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas with or without shelters or in the complex labyrinth offers ethological conditions for studying more complex defensive behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs. Prey vs. predator paradigms also allow discrimination between non-oriented and oriented escape behavior. Conclusions: Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxiety- and instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto C Coimbra
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Paschoalin-Maurin
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Bassi
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrey F Biagioni
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana T Felippotti
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daoud H Elias-Filho
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jade P Cysne-Coimbra
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Almada
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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30
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Meirsman A, Le Merrer J, Pellissier L, Diaz J, Clesse D, Kieffer B, Becker J. Mice Lacking GPR88 Show Motor Deficit, Improved Spatial Learning, and Low Anxiety Reversed by Delta Opioid Antagonist. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:917-27. [PMID: 26188600 PMCID: PMC4670823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR88 is an orphan G protein coupled receptor highly enriched in the striatum, and previous studies have focused on GPR88 function in striatal physiology. The receptor is also expressed in other brain areas, and here we examined whether GPR88 function extends beyond striatal-mediated responses. METHODS We created Gpr88 knockout mice and examined both striatal and extrastriatal regions at molecular and cellular levels. We also tested striatum-, hippocampus-, and amygdala-dependent behaviors in Gpr88(-/-) mice using extensive behavioral testing. RESULTS We found increased G protein coupling for delta opioid receptor (DOR) and mu opioid, but not other Gi/o coupled receptors, in the striatum of Gpr88 knockout mice. We also found modifications in gene transcription, dopamine and serotonin contents, and dendritic morphology inside and outside the striatum. Behavioral testing confirmed striatal deficits (hyperactivity, stereotypies, motor impairment in rotarod). In addition, mutant mice performed better in spatial tasks dependent on hippocampus (Y-maze, novel object recognition, dual solution cross-maze) and also showed markedly reduced levels of anxiety (elevated plus maze, marble burying, novelty suppressed feeding). Strikingly, chronic blockade of DOR using naltrindole partially improved motor coordination and normalized spatial navigation and anxiety of Gpr88(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that GPR88 is implicated in a large repertoire of behavioral responses that engage motor activity, spatial learning, and emotional processing. Our data also reveal functional antagonism between GPR88 and DOR activities in vivo. The therapeutic potential of GPR88 therefore extends to cognitive and anxiety disorders, possibly in interaction with other receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Meirsman
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J. Le Merrer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - L.P. Pellissier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - J. Diaz
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR-894 - Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D. Clesse
- Département de Neurobiologie des rythmes, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR-3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B.L. Kieffer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J.A.J. Becker
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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31
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Henriques-Alves AM, Queiroz CM. Ethological Evaluation of the Effects of Social Defeat Stress in Mice: Beyond the Social Interaction Ratio. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 9:364. [PMID: 26869895 PMCID: PMC4737906 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, repeated exposure to unavoidable aggression followed by sustained sensory treat can lead to prolonged social aversion. The chronic social defeat stress model explores that phenomenon and it has been used as an animal model for human depression. However, some authors have questioned whether confounding effects may arise as the model also boosts anxiety-related behaviors. Despite its wide acceptance, most studies extract limited information from the behavior of the defeated animal. Often, the normalized occupancy around the social stimulus, the interaction zone, is taken as an index of depression. We hypothesized that this parameter is insufficient to fully characterize the behavioral consequences of this form of stress. Using an ethological approach, we showed that repeated social defeat delayed the expression of social investigation in long (10 min) sessions of social interaction. Also, the incidence of defensive behaviors, including stretched-attend posture and high speed retreats, was significantly higher in defeated mice in comparison to controls. Interestingly, a subpopulation of defeated mice showed recurrent and non-habituating stretched-attend posture and persistent flights during the entire session. Two indexes were created based on defensive behaviors to show that only recurrent flights correlates with sucrose intake. Together, the present study corroborates the idea that this model of social stress can precipitate a myriad of behaviors not readily disentangled. We propose that long sessions (>150 s) and detailed ethological evaluation during social interaction tests are necessary to provide enough information to correctly classify defeated animals in terms of resilience and susceptibility to social defeat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio M Queiroz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
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32
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Mascarenhas DC, Gomes KS, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Role of TRPV1 channels of the dorsal periaqueductal gray in the modulation of nociception and open elevated plus maze-induced antinociception in mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:547-54. [PMID: 26183651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have identified the presence of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels within the dorsal portion of the periaqueductal gray (dPAG), suggesting their involvement in the control of pain and environmentally-induced antinociception. Environmentally, antinociception may be achieved through the use of an open elevated plus maze (oEPM, an EPM with 4 open arms), a highly aversive environmental situation. Here, we investigated the role of these TRPV1 channels within the dPAG in the modulation of a tonic pain and in the oEPM-induced antinociception. Male Swiss mice, under the nociceptive effect of 2.5% formalin injected into the right hind paw, received intra-dPAG injections of the TRPV1 agonist (capsaicin: 0, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 nmol/0.2 μL; Experiment 1) or antagonist (capsazepine: 0, 10 or 30 nmol/0.2 μL; Experiment 2) or combined injections of capsazepine (30 nmol) and capsaicin (1.0 nmol) (Experiment 3) and the time spent licking the formalin-injected paw was recorded. In Experiment 4, mice received intra-dPAG capsazepine (0 or 30 nmol) and were exposed to the oEPM or to a control situation, an enclosed EPM (eEPM; an EPM with 4 enclosed arms). Results showed that while capsaicin (1 nmol) decreased the time spent licking the formalin-injected paw, capsazepine did not change nociceptive response. Capsazepine (30 nmol) blocked pain inhibition induced by capsaicin and mildly attenuated the oEPM-induced antinociception. Our results revealed an important role of TRPV1 channels within the dPAG in the modulation of pain and in the phenomenon known as fear-induced antinociception in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardozo Mascarenhas
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP-São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Santos Gomes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP-São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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