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He Z, Zhang H, Li X, Shen L, Li N, Cheng S, Liu Q. Comparative proteomic analysis of cerebral cortex revealed neuroprotective mechanism of esculentoside A on Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176226. [PMID: 38128868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Esculentoside A (EsA), isolated from phytolacca esculenta, is a saponin showing neuroprotective effect in the mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate its action target and underlying mechanism, this study used the proteomics technique of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the cerebral cortex of EsA-treated and untreated triple-transgenic 3 × Tg-AD model mice. Proteomic comparison revealed 250, 436, and 903 DEPs in three group pairs, i.e. AD/Wild-type (WT), AD+5 mg/kg EsA/AD, AD+10 mg/kg EsA/AD, respectively. Among them 28 DEPs were commonly shared by three group pairs, and 25 of them showed reversed expression levels in the diseased group under the treatment of both doses of EsA. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these DEPs were mainly linked to metabolism, synapses, apoptosis, learning and memory. EsA treatment restored the expression of these proteins, including amyloid precursor protein (APP), cathepsin B (Cstb), 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (Abat), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (Cpt1) and synaptotagmin 17 (Syt17), thereby ameliorated the spatial learning and memory of AD mice. Collectively, this study reveals for the first time the profound effect of EsA on the cerebral cortex of AD mice, which might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Liming Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055, China.
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2
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Iborra-Lázaro G, Djebari S, Sánchez-Rodríguez I, Gratacòs-Batlle E, Sánchez-Fernández N, Radošević M, Casals N, Navarro-López JDD, Soto Del Cerro D, Jiménez-Díaz L. CPT1C is required for synaptic plasticity and oscillatory activity that supports motor, associative and non-associative learning. J Physiol 2023; 601:3533-3556. [PMID: 37309891 DOI: 10.1113/jp284248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c (CPT1C) is a neuron-specific protein widely distributed throughout the CNS and highly expressed in discrete brain areas including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and different motor regions. Its deficiency has recently been shown to disrupt dendritic spine maturation and AMPA receptor synthesis and trafficking in the hippocampus, but its contribution to synaptic plasticity and cognitive learning and memory processes remains mostly unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular, synaptic, neural network and behavioural role of CPT1C in cognition-related functions by using CPT1C knockout (KO) mice. CPT1C-deficient mice showed extensive learning and memory deficits. The CPT1C KO animals exhibited impaired motor and instrumental learning that seemed to be related, in part, to locomotor deficits and muscle weakness but not to mood alterations. In addition, CPT1C KO mice showed detrimental hippocampus-dependent spatial and habituation memory, most probably attributable to inefficient dendritic spine maturation, impairments in long-term plasticity at the CA3-CA1 synapse and aberrant cortical oscillatory activity. In conclusion, our results reveal that CPT1C is not only crucial for motor function, coordination and energy homeostasis, but also has a crucial role in the maintenance of learning and memory cognitive functions. KEY POINTS: CPT1C, a neuron-specific interactor protein involved in AMPA receptor synthesis and trafficking, was found to be highly expressed in the hippocampus, amygdala and various motor regions. CPT1C-deficient animals exhibited energy deficits and impaired locomotion, but no mood changes were found. CPT1C deficiency disrupts hippocampal dendritic spine maturation and long-term synaptic plasticity and reduces cortical γ oscillations. CPT1C was found to be crucial for motor, associative and non-associative learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Iborra-Lázaro
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Souhail Djebari
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Esther Gratacòs-Batlle
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Fernández
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marija Radošević
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Navarro-López
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Soto Del Cerro
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Faculty of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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3
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Wang R, Liu C, Guo W, Wang L, Chen S, Zhao J, Qin X, Bai W, Yang Z, Kong D, Jia Z, Liu S, Zhang W. Movement disorder caused by FRRS1L deficiency may be associated with morphological and functional disorders in Purkinje cells. Brain Res Bull 2022; 191:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Häfliger IM, Seefried FR, Spengeler M, Drögemüller C. Mining massive genomic data of two Swiss Braunvieh cattle populations reveals six novel candidate variants that impair reproductive success. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:95. [PMID: 34915862 PMCID: PMC8675516 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was carried out on the two Braunvieh populations reared in Switzerland, the dairy Brown Swiss (BS) and the dual-purpose Original Braunvieh (OB). We performed a genome-wide analysis of array data of trios (sire, dam, and offspring) from the routine genomic selection to identify candidate regions showing missing homozygosity and phenotypic associations with five fertility, ten birth, and nine growth-related traits. In addition, genome-wide single SNP regression studies based on 114,890 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each of the two populations were performed. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing data of 430 cattle including 70 putative haplotype carriers were mined to identify potential candidate variants that were validated by genotyping the current population using a custom array. Results Using a trio-based approach, we identified 38 haplotype regions for BS and five for OB that segregated at low to moderate frequencies. For the BS population, we confirmed two known haplotypes, BH1 and BH2. Twenty-four variants that potentially explained the missing homozygosity and associated traits were detected, in addition to the previously reported TUBD1:p.His210Arg variant associated with BH2. For example, for BS we identified a stop-gain variant (p.Arg57*) in the MRPL55 gene in the haplotype region on chromosome 7. This region is associated with the ‘interval between first and last insemination’ trait in our data, and the MRPL55 gene is known to be associated with early pregnancy loss in mice. In addition, we discuss candidate missense variants in the CPT1C, MARS2, and ACSL5 genes for haplotypes mapped in BS. In OB, we highlight a haplotype region on chromosome 19, which is potentially caused by a frameshift variant (p.Lys828fs) in the LIG3 gene, which is reported to be associated with early embryonic lethality in mice. Furthermore, we propose another potential causal missense variant in the TUBGCP5 gene for a haplotype mapped in OB. Conclusions We describe, for the first time, several haplotype regions that segregate at low to moderate frequencies and provide evidence of causality by trait associations in the two populations of Swiss Braunvieh. We propose a list of six protein-changing variants as potentially causing missing homozygosity. These variants need to be functionally validated and incorporated in the breeding program. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00686-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
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Ding Y, Zhang H, Liu Z, Li Q, Guo Y, Chen Y, Chang Y, Cui H. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis of hippocampal neuron in response to beta-Amyloid peptide fragment Aβ 25-35. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5440-5449. [PMID: 34424821 PMCID: PMC8806834 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CPT1C, which is expressed in hippocampus, influences ceramide level, endogenous cannabinoid and oxidation process, as well as plays an important role in various brain functions such as learning. This study aimed to investigate the role of CPT1C in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its underlying mechanism. We established a model of Alzheimer's disease in vitro by exposing primary hippocampal neurons to beta-Amyloid peptide fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35). The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), LDH assay, ROS kits, malondialdehyde (MDA) kits and SOD kits, respectively. Moreover, the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins as well as the expressions of amyloid precursor protein (App), p-Tau andβ-site APP-cleaving enzyme1 (Bace-1) were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Tunel and western blot were adopted to detect apoptosis as well as its related proteins. After the treatment of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), CPT1C expression was detected with the application of RT-qPCR and western blot. CPT1C expression was reduced in Aβ25-35-induced HT22 cells. Overexpression of CPT1C relieved cell viability and toxic injury as well as attenuated oxidative stress, apoptosis and expression levels of AD marker proteins. Moreover, higher doses of PPARα agonist activate the expression of CPT1C in Aβ25-35-induced HT22 cells. In conclusion, CPT1C alleviates Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and deposition of AD marker proteins in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that CPT1C has favorable effects on alleviating AD and participates in PPARα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Laboratory Division, Ankang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujiao Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Park JK, Coffey NJ, Limoges A, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:39-56. [PMID: 34014533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of cancer cell metabolism has traditionally focused on glycolysis and glutaminolysis. However, lipidomic technologies have matured considerably over the last decade and broadened our understanding of how lipid metabolism is relevant to cancer biology [1-3]. Studies now suggest that the reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism contributes directly to malignant transformation and progression [4, 5]. For example, de novo lipid synthesis can supply proliferating tumor cells with phospholipid components that comprise the plasma and organelle membranes of new daughter cells [6, 7]. Moreover, the upregulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation can support tumor cell energetics and redox homeostasis [8], while lipid-derived messengers can regulate major signaling pathways or coordinate immunosuppressive mechanisms [9-11]. Lipid metabolism has, therefore, become implicated in a variety of oncogenic processes, including metastatic colonization, drug resistance, and cell differentiation [10, 12-16]. However, whether we can safely and effectively modulate the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism for cancer therapy is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Limoges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Casas M, Fadó R, Domínguez JL, Roig A, Kaku M, Chohnan S, Solé M, Unzeta M, Miñano-Molina AJ, Rodríguez-Álvarez J, Dickson EJ, Casals N. Sensing of nutrients by CPT1C controls SAC1 activity to regulate AMPA receptor trafficking. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152088. [PMID: 32931550 PMCID: PMC7659714 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201912045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is a sensor of malonyl-CoA and is located in the ER of neurons. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain and play a key role in synaptic plasticity. In the present study, we demonstrate across different metabolic stress conditions that modulate malonyl-CoA levels in cortical neurons that CPT1C regulates the trafficking of the major AMPAR subunit, GluA1, through the phosphatidyl-inositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) phosphatase SAC1. In normal conditions, CPT1C down-regulates SAC1 catalytic activity, allowing efficient GluA1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. However, under low malonyl-CoA levels, such as during glucose depletion, CPT1C-dependent inhibition of SAC1 is released, facilitating SAC1’s translocation to ER-TGN contact sites to decrease TGN PI(4)P pools and trigger GluA1 retention at the TGN. Results reveal that GluA1 trafficking is regulated by CPT1C sensing of malonyl-CoA and provide the first report of a SAC1 inhibitor. Moreover, they shed light on how nutrients can affect synaptic function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Luis Domínguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aina Roig
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Moena Kaku
- Department of Food and Life Science, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Chohnan
- Department of Food and Life Science, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Montse Solé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Jesús Miñano-Molina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eamonn James Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Li YJ, Chen TH, Wu YZ, Tseng YH. Metabolic and Nutritional Issues Associated with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123842. [PMID: 33339220 PMCID: PMC7766651 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the main genetic cause of infant death, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, accompanied by muscle wasting. Pathomechanically, SMA is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) resulting from the loss of the SMN1 gene. However, emerging research extends the pathogenic effect of SMN deficiency beyond motor neurons. A variety of metabolic abnormalities, especially altered fatty acid metabolism and impaired glucose tolerance, has been described in isolated cases of SMA; therefore, the impact of SMN deficiency in metabolic abnormalities has been speculated. Although the life expectancy of these patients has increased due to novel disease-modifying therapies and standardization of care, understanding of the involvement of metabolism and nutrition in SMA is still limited. Optimal nutrition support and metabolic monitoring are essential for patients with SMA, and a comprehensive nutritional assessment can guide personalized nutritional therapy for this vulnerable population. It has recently been suggested that metabolomics studies before and after the onset of SMA in patients can provide valuable information about the direct or indirect effects of SMN deficiency on metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, identifying and quantifying the specific metabolites in SMA patients may serve as an authentic biomarker or therapeutic target for SMA. Here, we review the main epidemiological and mechanistic findings that link metabolic changes to SMA and further discuss the principles of metabolomics as a novel approach to seek biomarkers and therapeutic insights in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jean Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung 80455, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Heng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.T.)
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101; Fax: +886-7-321-2062
| | - Yan-Zhang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Yung-Hao Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.T.)
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9
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Fadó R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Casals N. The return of malonyl-CoA to the brain: Cognition and other stories. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101071. [PMID: 33186641 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients, hormones and the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) tightly regulate the intracellular levels of the metabolic intermediary malonyl-CoA, which is a precursor of fatty acid synthesis and a negative regulator of fatty acid oxidation. In the brain, the involvement of malonyl-CoA in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis has been known for decades. However, recent data uncover a new role in cognition and brain development. The sensing of malonyl-CoA by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) proteins regulates a variety of functions, such as the fate of neuronal stem cell precursors, the motility of lysosomes in developing axons, the trafficking of glutamate receptors to the neuron surface (necessary for proper synaptic function) and the metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons. We discuss the relevance of those recent findings evidencing how nutrients and metabolic disorders impact cognition. We also enumerate all nutritional and hormonal conditions that are known to regulate malonyl-CoA levels in the brain, reflect on protein malonylation as a new post-translational modification, and give a reasoned vision of the opportunities and challenges that future research in the field could address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Chen P, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Guan L, Jiao T, Zhao Y, Huang M, Bi H. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C reverses cellular senescence of MRC-5 fibroblasts via regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:958-970. [PMID: 32632982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of growth arrest, is involved in various age-related diseases. We previously found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is a key regulator of cancer cell proliferation and senescence, but it is unclear whether CPT1C plays a similar role in normal cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of CPT1C in cellular proliferation and senescence of human embryonic lung MRC-5 fibroblasts and the involved mechanisms. The results showed that CPT1C could reverse the cellular senescence of MRC-5 fibroblasts, as evidenced by reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, downregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, and enhanced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Lipidomics analysis further revealed that CPT1C gain-of-function reduced lipid accumulation and reversed abnormal metabolic reprogramming of lipids in late MRC-5 cells. Oil Red O staining and Nile red fluorescence also indicated significant reduction of lipid accumulation after CPT1C gain-of-function. Consequently, CPT1C gain-of-function significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, as evaluated by increased adenosine triphosphate synthesis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, decreased radical oxygen species, upregulated respiratory capacity and mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. In summary, CPT1C plays a vital role in MRC-5 cellular proliferation and can reverse MRC-5 cellular senescence through the regulation of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function, which supports the role of CPT1C as a novel target for intervention into cellular proliferation and senescence and suggests CPT1C as a new strategy for antiaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihuan Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingying Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Guan L, Chen Y, Chen P, Sun J, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Lipidomics reveals carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C protects cancer cells from lipotoxicity and senescence. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:340-350. [PMID: 34277122 PMCID: PMC8264383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity, caused by intracellular lipid accumulation, accelerates the degenerative process of cellular senescence, which has implications in cancer development and therapy. Previously, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C), a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes carnitinylation of fatty acids, was found to be a critical regulator of cancer cell senescence. However, whether loss of CPT1C could induce senescence as a result of lipotoxicity remains unknown. An LC/MS-based lipidomic analysis of PANC-1, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and A549 cancer cells was conducted after siRNA depletion of CPT1C. Cellular lipotoxicity was further confirmed by lipotoxicity assays. Significant changes were found in the lipidome of CPT1C-depleted cells, including major alterations in fatty acid, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, oxidative lipids, cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and sphingomyelin. This was coincident with changes in expressions of mRNAs involved in lipogenesis. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed higher lipid accumulation and increased malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, signatures of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Reduction of ATP synthesis, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and down-regulation of expression of mitochondriogenesis gene mRNAs indicated mitochondrial dysfunction induced by lipotoxicity, which could further result in cellular senescence. Taken together, this study demonstrated CPT1C plays a critical role in the regulation of cancer cell lipotoxicity and cell senescence, suggesting that inhibition of CPT1C may serve as a new therapeutic strategy through induction of tumor lipotoxicity and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lihuan Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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12
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Palomo-Guerrero M, Fadó R, Casas M, Pérez-Montero M, Baena M, Helmer PO, Domínguez JL, Roig A, Serra D, Hayen H, Stenmark H, Raiborg C, Casals N. Sensing of nutrients by CPT1C regulates late endosome/lysosome anterograde transport and axon growth. eLife 2019; 8:51063. [PMID: 31868590 PMCID: PMC6927751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterograde transport of late endosomes or lysosomes (LE/Lys) is crucial for proper axon growth. However, the role of energetic nutrients has been poorly explored. Malonyl-CoA is a precursor of fatty acids, and its intracellular levels highly fluctuate depending on glucose availability or the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We demonstrate in HeLa cells that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) senses malonyl-CoA and enhances LE/Lys anterograde transport by interacting with the endoplasmic reticulum protein protrudin and facilitating the transfer of Kinesin-1 from protrudin to LE/Lys. In cultured mouse cortical neurons, glucose deprivation, pharmacological activation of AMPK or inhibition of malonyl-CoA synthesis decreases LE/Lys abundance at the axon terminal, and shortens axon length in a CPT1C-dependent manner. These results identify CPT1C as a new regulator of anterograde LE/Lys transport in response to malonyl-CoA changes, and give insight into how axon growth is controlled by nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palomo-Guerrero
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Casas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Montero
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - José Luis Domínguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aina Roig
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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O’Hara D, Davis GM, Adlesic NA, Hayes JM, Davey GP. Dichloroacetate Stabilizes Mitochondrial Fusion Dynamics in Models of Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:219. [PMID: 31619961 PMCID: PMC6759677 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a recognized hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and abnormal mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. This study characterizes the effects of metabolic flux inhibitors and activators on mitochondrial fusion dynamics in the neuronal cell culture model of differentiated PC12 cells. Using a real time confocal microscopy assay, it was found that the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) inhibitor, etomoxir, reduced mitochondrial fusion dynamics in a time-dependent manner. Etomoxir also decreased JO2, ΔΨm and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor, UK5099, reduced fusion dynamics and in combination with etomoxir these inhibitory effects were amplified. Use of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate, which is known to increase metabolic flux through PDH, reversed the etomoxir-induced effects on fusion dynamics, JO2, ΔΨm but not ROS production rates. Dichloroacetate also partially reversed inhibition of mitochondrial fusion dynamics caused by the parkinsonian-inducing neurotoxin, MPP+. These results suggest that dichloroacetate-induced activation of metabolic flux in the mitochondrion may be a mechanism to restore normal mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics in metabolically challenged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gavin P. Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Complexity of Generating Mouse Models to Study the Upper Motor Neurons: Let Us Shift Focus from Mice to Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163848. [PMID: 31394733 PMCID: PMC6720674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron circuitry is one of the most elaborate circuitries in our body, which ensures voluntary and skilled movement that requires cognitive input. Therefore, both the cortex and the spinal cord are involved. The cortex has special importance for motor neuron diseases, in which initiation and modulation of voluntary movement is affected. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined by the progressive degeneration of both the upper and lower motor neurons, whereas hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) are characterized mainly by the loss of upper motor neurons. In an effort to reveal the cellular and molecular basis of neuronal degeneration, numerous model systems are generated, and mouse models are no exception. However, there are many different levels of complexities that need to be considered when developing mouse models. Here, we focus our attention to the upper motor neurons, which are one of the most challenging neuron populations to study. Since mice and human differ greatly at a species level, but the cells/neurons in mice and human share many common aspects of cell biology, we offer a solution by focusing our attention to the affected neurons to reveal the complexities of diseases at a cellular level and to improve translational efforts.
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15
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Stewart M, Lau P, Banks G, Bains RS, Castroflorio E, Oliver PL, Dixon CL, Kruer MC, Kullmann DM, Acevedo-Arozena A, Wells SE, Corrochano S, Nolan PM. Loss of Frrs1l disrupts synaptic AMPA receptor function, and results in neurodevelopmental, motor, cognitive and electrographical abnormalities. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.036806. [PMID: 30692144 PMCID: PMC6398485 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in a human AMPA receptor-associated protein, ferric chelate reductase 1-like (FRRS1L), are associated with a devastating neurological condition incorporating choreoathetosis, cognitive deficits and epileptic encephalopathies. Furthermore, evidence from overexpression and ex vivo studies has implicated FRRS1L in AMPA receptor biogenesis, suggesting that changes in glutamatergic signalling might underlie the disorder. Here, we investigated the neurological and neurobehavioural correlates of the disorder using a mouse Frrs1l null mutant. The study revealed several neurological defects that mirrored those seen in human patients. We established that mice lacking Frrs1l suffered from a broad spectrum of early-onset motor deficits with no progressive, age-related deterioration. Moreover, Frrs1l−/− mice were hyperactive, irrespective of test environment, exhibited working memory deficits and displayed significant sleep fragmentation. Longitudinal electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings also revealed abnormal EEG results in Frrs1l−/− mice. Parallel investigations into disease aetiology identified a specific deficiency in AMPA receptor levels in the brain of Frrs1l−/− mice, while the general levels of several other synaptic components remained unchanged, with no obvious alterations in the number of synapses. Furthermore, we established that Frrsl1 deletion results in an increased proportion of immature AMPA receptors, indicated by incomplete glycosylation of GLUA2 (also known as GRIA2) and GLUA4 (also known as GRIA4) AMPA receptor proteins. This incomplete maturation leads to cytoplasmic retention and a reduction of those specific AMPA receptor levels in the postsynaptic membrane. Overall, this study determines, for the first time in vivo, how loss of FRRS1L function can affect glutamatergic signalling, and provides mechanistic insight into the development and progression of a human hyperkinetic disorder. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Loss of the epilepsy-related gene Frrs1l in mice causes a dramatic reduction in AMPA receptor levels at the synapse, eliciting severe motor and coordination disabilities, hyperactivity and cognitive defects, with some evidence of behavioural seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petrina Lau
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gareth Banks
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | | | - Peter L Oliver
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Christine L Dixon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain.,ITB, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38320, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Sara E Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Patrick M Nolan
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
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16
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Hong D, Cong L, Zhong S, Liu L, Xu Y, Zhang J. A novel CPT1C variant causes pure hereditary spastic paraplegia with benign clinical course. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:610-614. [PMID: 30911584 PMCID: PMC6414484 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia 73 (SPG73) was currently identified in only one family with variant in the neuronal isoform of carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1C (CPT1C) gene. We described a new family, in which affected individuals exhibited pure hereditary spastic paraplegia with benign clinical course. Exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense variant in the CPT1C gene. The level of CPT1C mutant transcript significantly decreased compared to that of wild‐type transcript, and can be recovered after cycloheximide administration, which indicated that nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay was a mechanism that might be responsible for the phenotype. Our findings expanded the clinical and genetic spectrum of SPG73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Lu Cong
- Department of Neurology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
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17
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Gratacòs-Batlle E, Olivella M, Sánchez-Fernández N, Yefimenko N, Miguez-Cabello F, Fadó R, Casals N, Gasull X, Ambrosio S, Soto D. Mechanisms of CPT1C-Dependent AMPAR Trafficking Enhancement. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:275. [PMID: 30135643 PMCID: PMC6092487 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons, AMPA receptor (AMPAR) function depends essentially on their constituent components:the ion channel forming subunits and ion channel associated proteins. On the other hand, AMPAR trafficking is tightly regulated by a vast number of intracellular neuronal proteins that bind to AMPAR subunits. It has been recently shown that the interaction between the GluA1 subunit of AMPARs and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C), a novel protein partner of AMPARs, is important in modulating surface expression of these ionotropic glutamate receptors. Indeed, synaptic transmission in CPT1C knockout (KO) mice is diminished supporting a positive trafficking role for that protein. However, the molecular mechanisms of such modulation remain unknown although a putative role of CPT1C in depalmitoylating GluA1 has been hypothesized. Here, we explore that possibility and show that CPT1C effect on AMPARs is likely due to changes in the palmitoylation state of GluA1. Based on in silico analysis, Ser 252, His 470 and Asp 474 are predicted to be the catalytic triad responsible for CPT1C palmitoyl thioesterase (PTE) activity. When these residues are mutated or when PTE activity is inhibited, the CPT1C effect on AMPAR trafficking is abolished, validating the CPT1C catalytic triad as being responsible for PTE activity on AMPAR. Moreover, the histidine residue (His 470) of CPT1C is crucial for the increase in GluA1 surface expression in neurons and the H470A mutation impairs the depalmitoylating catalytic activity of CPT1C. Finally, we show that CPT1C effect seems to be specific for this CPT1 isoform and it takes place solely at endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This work adds another facet to the impressive degree of molecular mechanisms regulating AMPAR physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gratacòs-Batlle
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Olivella
- Grup de Recerca en Bioinformàtica i Estadística Mèdica, Universitat de Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Fernández
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Yefimenko
- Laboratori de Neurobiologia, Department de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Miguez-Cabello
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Department de Ciències Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Department de Ciències Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Soto
- Laboratori de Neurofisiologia, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Roa-Mansergas X, Fadó R, Atari M, Mir JF, Muley H, Serra D, Casals N. CPT1C promotes human mesenchymal stem cells survival under glucose deprivation through the modulation of autophagy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6997. [PMID: 29725060 PMCID: PMC5934389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine. In some applications, they must survive under low nutrient conditions engendered by avascularity. Strategies to improve hMSCs survival may be of high relevance in tissue engineering. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 C (CPT1C) is a pseudoenzyme exclusively expressed in neurons and cancer cells. In the present study, we show that CPT1C is also expressed in hMSCs and protects them against glucose starvation, glycolysis inhibition, and oxygen/glucose deprivation. CPT1C overexpression in hMSCs did not increase fatty acid oxidation capacity, indicating that the role of CPT1C in these cells is different from that described in tumor cells. The increased survival of CPT1C-overexpressing hMSCs observed during glucose deficiency was found to be the result of autophagy enhancement, leading to a greater number of lipid droplets and increased intracellular ATP levels. In fact, inhibition of autophagy or lipolysis was observed to completely block the protective effects of CPT1C. Our results indicate that CPT1C-mediated autophagy enhancement in glucose deprivation conditions allows a greater availability of lipids to be used as fuel substrate for ATP generation, revealing a new role of CPT1C in stem cell adaptation to low nutrient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roa-Mansergas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maher Atari
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan F Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Muley
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Maan M, Peters JM, Dutta M, Patterson AD. Lipid metabolism and lipophagy in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:582-589. [PMID: 29438712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment can be hypoxic, acidic, and deficient in nutrients, thus causing the metabolism of tumor cells as well as the neighboring stromal cells to be remodelled to facilitate tumor survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Abnormal tumor lipid metabolism is a fairly new field, which has received attention in the past few years. Cross-talk between tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal cells modulates the high metabolic needs of the tumor. Fatty acid turnover is high in tumor cells to meet the energy as well as synthetic requirements of the growing tumor. Lipolysis of lipids stored in lipid droplets was earlier considered to be solely carried out by cytosolic lipases. However recent studies demonstrate that lipophagy (autophagic degradation of lipids by acidic lipases) serves as an alternate pathway for the degradation of lipid droplets. Involvement of lipophagy in lipid turnover makes it a crucial player in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review we discuss the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells with special focus on lipid metabolism. We also address the lipid turnover machinery in the tumor cell, especially the lipophagic pathway. Finally, we integrate the current understanding of lipophagy with tumor lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Maan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Mainak Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai 345055, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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20
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Park JK, Coffey NJ, Limoges A, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1063:33-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia comprises a wide and heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from primary retrograde dysfunction of the long descending fibers of the corticospinal tract. Although spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction represent the most common clinical presentation, a complex group of different neurological and systemic compromise has been recognized recently and a growing number of new genetic subtypes were described in the last decade. Clinical characterization of individual and familial history represents the main step during diagnostic workup; however, frequently, few and unspecific data allows a low rate of definite diagnosis based solely in clinical and neuroimaging basis. Likewise, a wide group of neurological acquired and inherited disorders should be included in the differential diagnosis and properly excluded after a complete laboratorial, neuroimaging, and genetic evaluation. The aim of this review article is to provide an extensive overview regarding the main clinical and genetic features of the classical and recently described subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).
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22
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Sifuentes MM, Lechleiter JD. Thyroid Hormone Stimulation of Adult Brain Fatty Acid Oxidation. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017; 106:163-193. [PMID: 29407434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a critical modulator of brain metabolism, and it is highly controlled in the central nervous system. Recent research has uncovered an important role of thyroid hormone in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), an energetic process essential for neurodevelopment that continues to support brain metabolism during adulthood. Thyroid hormone stimulation of FAO has been shown to be protective in astrocytes and mouse models of brain injury, yet a clear mechanism of this relationship has not been elucidated. Thyroid hormone interacts with multiple receptors located in the nucleus and the mitochondria, initiating rapid and long-term effects via both genomic and nongenomic pathways. This has complicated efforts to isolate and study-specific interactions. This chapter presents the primary signaling pathways that have been identified to play a role in the thyroid hormone-mediated increase in FAO. Investigation of the impact of thyroid hormone on FAO in the adult brain has challenged classical models of brain metabolism and widened the window of potential neuroprotective strategies. A detailed understanding of these pathways is essential for any researchers aiming to expand the field of neuroenergetics.
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Brechet A, Buchert R, Schwenk J, Boudkkazi S, Zolles G, Siquier-Pernet K, Schaber I, Bildl W, Saadi A, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Reis A, Sticht H, Al-Sanna'a N, Rolfs A, Kulik A, Schulte U, Colleaux L, Abou Jamra R, Fakler B. AMPA-receptor specific biogenesis complexes control synaptic transmission and intellectual ability. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15910. [PMID: 28675162 PMCID: PMC5500892 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), key elements in excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, are macromolecular complexes whose properties and cellular functions are determined by the co-assembled constituents of their proteome. Here we identify AMPAR complexes that transiently form in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lack the core-subunits typical for AMPARs in the plasma membrane. Central components of these ER AMPARs are the proteome constituents FRRS1l (C9orf4) and CPT1c that specifically and cooperatively bind to the pore-forming GluA1-4 proteins of AMPARs. Bi-allelic mutations in the human FRRS1L gene are shown to cause severe intellectual disability with cognitive impairment, speech delay and epileptic activity. Virus-directed deletion or overexpression of FRRS1l strongly impact synaptic transmission in adult rat brain by decreasing or increasing the number of AMPARs in synapses and extra-synaptic sites. Our results provide insight into the early biogenesis of AMPARs and demonstrate its pronounced impact on synaptic transmission and brain function. The biogenesis of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) complexes is only partially understood. Here the authors identify transient assemblies of GluA1-4 proteins and proteins FRRS1l/CPT1c that drive formation of mature AMPAR complexes in the ER. Mutations in FRRS1l are associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy in three families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Brechet
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 10, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Jochen Schwenk
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Sami Boudkkazi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Gerd Zolles
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Karine Siquier-Pernet
- INSERM UMR 1163, Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut IMAGINE, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris 75015, France
| | - Irene Schaber
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Abdelkrim Saadi
- Department de Neurologie, Etablissement Hospitalier Specialisé de Benaknoun, Algers, Algeria
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- INSERM UMR 1163, Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut IMAGINE, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris 75015, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- INSERM UMR 1163, Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut IMAGINE, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris 75015, France
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 10, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Center, Fahrstraße 17, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Nouriya Al-Sanna'a
- Dharan Health Center, 8131 Medical Access Rd 1, Gharb al Dharan, Dharan 34465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Medical University Rostock, Gehlsheimerstr. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | - Akos Kulik
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Logopharm GmbH, Schlossstr. 14, March-Buchheim 79232, Germany
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut IMAGINE, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris 75015, France
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 10, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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Fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I: emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2226. [PMID: 27195673 PMCID: PMC4917665 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit unique metabolic adaptations that are increasingly viewed as potential targets for novel and specific cancer therapies. Among these targets, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system is responsible for delivering the long-chain fatty acid (FA) from cytoplasm into mitochondria for oxidation, where carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). With increasing understanding of the crucial role had by fatty acid oxidation in cancer, CPTI has received renewed attention as a pivotal mediator in cancer metabolic mechanism. CPTI activates FAO and fuels cancer growth via ATP and NADPH production, constituting an essential part of cancer metabolism adaptation. Moreover, CPTI also functionally intertwines with other key pathways and factors to regulate gene expression and apoptosis of cancer cell. Here, we summarize recent findings and update the current understanding of FAO and CPTI in cancer and provide theoretical basis for this enzyme as an emerging potential molecular target in cancer therapeutic intervention.
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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C: From cognition to cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:134-48. [PMID: 26708865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) C was the last member of the CPT1 family of genes to be discovered. CPT1A and CPT1B were identified as the gate-keeper enzymes for the entry of long-chain fatty acids (as carnitine esters) into mitochondria and their further oxidation, and they show differences in their kinetics and tissue expression. Although CPT1C exhibits high sequence similarity to CPT1A and CPT1B, it is specifically expressed in neurons (a cell-type that does not use fatty acids as fuel to any major extent), it is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells, and it has minimal CPT1 catalytic activity with l-carnitine and acyl-CoA esters. The lack of an easily measurable biological activity has hampered attempts to elucidate the cellular and physiological role of CPT1C but has not diminished the interest of the biomedical research community in this CPT1 isoform. The observations that CPT1C binds malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA suggest that it is a sensor of lipid metabolism in neurons, where it appears to impact ceramide and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. CPT1C global knock-out mice show a wide range of brain disorders, including impaired cognition and spatial learning, motor deficits, and a deregulation in food intake and energy homeostasis. The first disease-causing CPT1C mutation was recently described in humans, with Cpt1c being identified as the gene causing hereditary spastic paraplegia. The putative role of CPT1C in the regulation of complex-lipid metabolism is supported by the observation that it is highly expressed in certain virulent tumor cells, conferring them resistance to glucose- and oxygen-deprivation. Therefore, CPT1C may be a promising target in the treatment of cancer. Here we review the molecular, biochemical, and structural properties of CPT1C and discuss its potential roles in brain function, and cancer.
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Fadó R, Soto D, Miñano-Molina AJ, Pozo M, Carrasco P, Yefimenko N, Rodríguez-Álvarez J, Casals N. Novel Regulation of the Synthesis of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptor Subunit GluA1 by Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) in the Hippocampus. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25548-60. [PMID: 26338711 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of AMPA-type receptor (AMPAR) abundance in the postsynaptic membrane is an important mechanism involved in learning and memory formation. Recent data suggest that one of the constituents of the AMPAR complex is carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C), a brain-specific isoform located in the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons. Previous results had demonstrated that CPT1C deficiency disrupted spine maturation in hippocampal neurons and impaired spatial learning, but the role of CPT1C in AMPAR physiology had remained mostly unknown. In the present study, we show that CPT1C binds GluA1 and GluA2 and that the three proteins have the same expression profile during neuronal maturation. Moreover, in hippocampal neurons of CPT1C KO mice, AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and synaptic levels of AMPAR subunits GluA1 and GluA2 are significantly reduced. We show that AMPAR expression is dependent on CPT1C levels because total protein levels of GluA1 and GluA2 are decreased in CPT1C KO neurons and are increased in CPT1C-overexpressing neurons, whereas other synaptic proteins remain unaltered. Notably, mRNA levels of AMPARs remained unchanged in those cultures, indicating that CPT1C is post-transcriptionally involved. We demonstrate that CPT1C is directly involved in the de novo synthesis of GluA1 and not in protein degradation. Moreover, in CPT1C KO cultured neurons, GluA1 synthesis after chemical long term depression was clearly diminished, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment was unable to phosphorylate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and stimulate GluA1 protein synthesis. These data newly identify CPT1C as a regulator of AMPAR translation efficiency and therefore also synaptic function in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Fadó
- From the Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain
| | - David Soto
- the Laboratori de Neurobiologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Feixa Llarga s/n 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Spain, the Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Miñano-Molina
- the Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28031, Spain, and
| | - Macarena Pozo
- From the Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain
| | - Patricia Carrasco
- From the Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Natalia Yefimenko
- the Laboratori de Neurobiologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Feixa Llarga s/n 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Spain, the Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Spain
| | - José Rodríguez-Álvarez
- the Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28031, Spain, and
| | - Núria Casals
- From the Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Rinaldi C, Schmidt T, Situ AJ, Johnson JO, Lee PR, Chen KL, Bott LC, Fadó R, Harmison GH, Parodi S, Grunseich C, Renvoisé B, Biesecker LG, De Michele G, Santorelli FM, Filla A, Stevanin G, Dürr A, Brice A, Casals N, Traynor BJ, Blackstone C, Ulmer TS, Fischbeck KH. Mutation in CPT1C Associated With Pure Autosomal Dominant Spastic Paraplegia. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:561-70. [PMID: 25751282 PMCID: PMC5612424 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The family of genes implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) is quickly expanding, mostly owing to the widespread availability of next-generation DNA sequencing methods. Nevertheless, a genetic diagnosis remains unavailable for many patients. OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic cause for a novel form of pure autosomal dominant HSP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We examined and followed up with a family presenting to a tertiary referral center for evaluation of HSP for a decade until August 2014. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 4 patients from the same family and was integrated with linkage analysis. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the presence of the candidate variant in the remaining affected and unaffected members of the family and screen the additional patients with HSP. Five affected and 6 unaffected participants from a 3-generation family with pure adult-onset autosomal dominant HSP of unknown genetic origin were included. Additionally, 163 unrelated participants with pure HSP of unknown genetic cause were screened. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Mutation in the neuronal isoform of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (CPT1C) gene. RESULTS We identified the nucleotide substitution c.109C>T in exon 3 of CPT1C, which determined the base substitution of an evolutionarily conserved Cys residue for an Arg in the gene product. This variant strictly cosegregated with the disease phenotype and was absent in online single-nucleotide polymorphism databases and in 712 additional exomes of control participants. We showed that CPT1C, which localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, is expressed in motor neurons and interacts with atlastin-1, an endoplasmic reticulum protein encoded by the ATL1 gene known to be mutated in pure HSPs. The mutation, as indicated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies, alters the protein conformation and reduces the mean (SD) number (213.0 [46.99] vs 81.9 [14.2]; P < .01) and size (0.29 [0.01] vs 0.26 [0.01]; P < .05) of lipid droplets on overexpression in cells. We also observed a reduction of mean (SD) lipid droplets in primary cortical neurons isolated from Cpt1c-/- mice as compared with wild-type mice (1.0 [0.12] vs 0.44 [0.05]; P < .001), suggesting a dominant negative mechanism for the mutation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study expands the genetics of autosomal dominant HSP and is the first, to our knowledge, to link mutation in CPT1C with a human disease. The association of the CPT1C mutation with changes in lipid droplet biogenesis supports a role for altered lipid-mediated signal transduction in HSP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rinaldi
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Alan J Situ
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Janel O Johnson
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip R Lee
- Section on Nervous System Development and Plasticity, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ke-Lian Chen
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura C Bott
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland5Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - George H Harmison
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara Parodi
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland7Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Benoît Renvoisé
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, and the National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Neurogenetics Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France12Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, École Pratique des Hautes Études-héSam Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France13Sorbonne Univ
| | - Alexandra Dürr
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France13Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France14Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospita
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France13Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France14Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospita
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tobias S Ulmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Quintens R, Verreet T, Janssen A, Neefs M, Leysen L, Michaux A, Verslegers M, Samari N, Pani G, Verheyde J, Baatout S, Benotmane MA. Identification of novel radiation-induced p53-dependent transcripts extensively regulated during mouse brain development. Biol Open 2015; 4:331-44. [PMID: 25681390 PMCID: PMC4359739 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20149969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a potent activator of the tumor suppressor gene p53, which itself regulates the transcription of genes involved in canonical pathways such as the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis as well as other biological processes like metabolism, autophagy, differentiation and development. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis on gene expression data from different in vivo and in vitro experiments to identify a signature of early radiation-responsive genes which were predicted to be predominantly regulated by p53. Moreover, we found that several genes expressed different transcript isoforms after irradiation in a p53-dependent manner. Among this gene signature, we identified novel p53 targets, some of which have not yet been functionally characterized. Surprisingly, in contrast to genes from the canonical p53-regulated pathways, our gene signature was found to be highly enriched during embryonic and post-natal brain development and during in vitro neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we could show that for a number of genes, radiation-responsive transcript variants were upregulated during development and differentiation, while radiation non-responsive variants were not. This suggests that radiation exposure of the developing brain and immature cortical neurons results in the p53-mediated activation of a neuronal differentiation program. Overall, our results further increase the knowledge of the radiation-induced p53 network of the embryonic brain and provide more evidence concerning the importance of p53 and its transcriptional targets during mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tine Verreet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Janssen
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Neefs
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Liselotte Leysen
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Arlette Michaux
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nada Samari
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Pani
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium Present address: Nutritional Biochemistry and Space Biology Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Bio-molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Joris Verheyde
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
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Gratacòs-Batlle E, Yefimenko N, Cascos-García H, Soto D. AMPAR interacting protein CPT1C enhances surface expression of GluA1-containing receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:469. [PMID: 25698923 PMCID: PMC4313699 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPARs mediate the vast majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain and their biophysical and trafficking properties depend on their subunit composition and on several posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. Additionally, in the brain AMPARs associate with auxiliary subunits, which modify the properties of the receptors. Despite the abundance of AMPAR partners, recent proteomic studies have revealed even more interacting proteins that could potentially be involved in AMPAR regulation. Amongst these, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) has been demonstrated to form an integral part of native AMPAR complexes in brain tissue extracts. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether CPT1C might be able to modulate AMPAR function. Firstly, we confirmed that CPT1C is an interacting protein of AMPARs in heterologous expression systems. Secondly, CPT1C enhanced whole-cell currents of GluA1 homomeric and GluA1/GluA2 heteromeric receptors. However, CPT1C does not alter the biophysical properties of AMPARs and co-localization experiments revealed that AMPARs and CPT1C are not associated at the plasma membrane despite a strong level of co-localization at the intracellular level. We established that increased surface GluA1 receptor number was responsible for the enhanced AMPAR mediated currents in the presence of CPT1C. Additionally, we revealed that the palmitoylable residue C585 of GluA1 is important in the enhancement of AMPAR trafficking to the cell surface by CPT1C. Nevertheless, despite its potential as a depalmitoylating enzyme, CPT1C does not affect the palmitoylation state of GluA1. To sum up, this work suggests that CPT1C plays a role as a novel regulator of AMPAR surface expression in neurons. Fine modulation of AMPAR membrane trafficking is fundamental in normal synaptic activity and in plasticity processes and CPT1C is therefore a putative candidate to regulate neuronal AMPAR physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gratacòs-Batlle
- Laboratori de Neurobiologia, Area de Neurobiologia Cellular i Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain ; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Natalia Yefimenko
- Laboratori de Neurobiologia, Area de Neurobiologia Cellular i Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain ; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Helena Cascos-García
- Laboratori de Neurobiologia, Area de Neurobiologia Cellular i Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain ; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - David Soto
- Laboratori de Neurobiologia, Area de Neurobiologia Cellular i Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain ; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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