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Rizzo M, Petrini L, Del Percio C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Babiloni C. Neurophysiological Oscillatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effect of Mirror Visual Feedback-Induced Illusion of Hand Movements on Nociception and Cortical Activation. Brain Sci 2024; 14:696. [PMID: 39061436 PMCID: PMC11274372 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mirror Visual Feedback (MVF)-induced illusion of hand movements produces beneficial effects in patients with chronic pain. However, neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly known. In this preliminary study, we test the novel hypothesis that such an MVF-induced movement illusion may exert its effects by changing the activity in midline cortical areas associated with pain processing. Electrical stimuli with individually fixed intensity were applied to the left hand of healthy adults to produce painful and non-painful sensations during unilateral right-hand movements with such an MVF illusion and right and bilateral hand movements without MVF. During these events, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded from 64 scalp electrodes. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) indexed the neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms inducing cortical activation. Compared to the painful sensations, the non-painful sensations were specifically characterized by (1) lower alpha ERD estimated in the cortical midline, angular gyrus, and lateral parietal regions during the experimental condition with MVF and (2) higher alpha ERD estimated in the lateral prefrontal and parietal regions during the control conditions without MVF. These preliminary results suggest that the MVF-induced movement illusion may affect nociception and neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms, reducing the activation in cortical limbic and default mode regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rizzo
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.R.); (L.P.); (L.A.-N.)
| | - Laura Petrini
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.R.); (L.P.); (L.A.-N.)
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.R.); (L.P.); (L.A.-N.)
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Hospital San Raffaele Cassino, 03043 Cassino, Italy
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Morrone JM, Pedlar CR. EEG-based neurophysiological indices for expert psychomotor performance - a review. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106132. [PMID: 38219415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A primary objective of current human neuropsychological performance research is to define the physiological correlates of adaptive knowledge utilization, in order to support the enhanced execution of both simple and complex tasks. Within the present article, electroencephalography-based neurophysiological indices characterizing expert psychomotor performance, will be explored. As a means of characterizing fundamental processes underlying efficient psychometric performance, the neural efficiency model will be evaluated in terms of alpha-wave-based selective cortical processes. Cognitive and motor domains will initially be explored independently, which will act to encapsulate the task-related neuronal adaptive requirements for enhanced psychomotor performance associating with the neural efficiency model. Moderating variables impacting the practical application of such neuropsychological model, will also be investigated. As a result, the aim of this review is to provide insight into detectable task-related modulation involved in developed neurocognitive strategies which support heightened psychomotor performance, for the implementation within practical settings requiring a high degree of expert performance (such as sports or military operational settings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin M Morrone
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
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Jellinek S, Fiser J. Neural correlates tracking different aspects of the emerging representation of novel visual categories. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad544. [PMID: 38236744 PMCID: PMC10839850 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Current studies investigating electroencephalogram correlates associated with categorization of sensory stimuli (P300 event-related potential, alpha event-related desynchronization, theta event-related synchronization) typically use an oddball paradigm with few, familiar, highly distinct stimuli providing limited insight about the aspects of categorization (e.g. difficulty, membership, uncertainty) that the correlates are linked to. Using a more complex task, we investigated whether such more specific links could be established between correlates and learning and how these links change during the emergence of new categories. In our study, participants learned to categorize novel stimuli varying continuously on multiple integral feature dimensions, while electroencephalogram was recorded from the beginning of the learning process. While there was no significant P300 event-related potential modulation, both alpha event-related desynchronization and theta event-related synchronization followed a characteristic trajectory in proportion with the gradual acquisition of the two categories. Moreover, the two correlates were modulated by different aspects of categorization, alpha event-related desynchronization by the difficulty of the task, whereas the magnitude of theta -related synchronization by the identity and possibly the strength of category membership. Thus, neural signals commonly related to categorization are appropriate for tracking both the dynamic emergence of internal representation of categories, and different meaningful aspects of the categorization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Jellinek
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Quellenstraße 51-55, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Computation, Central European University, Quellenstraße 51-55, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - József Fiser
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Quellenstraße 51-55, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Computation, Central European University, Quellenstraße 51-55, 1100 Vienna, Austria
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Borras M, Romero S, Alonso JF, Bachiller A, Serna LY, Migliorelli C, Mananas MA. Influence of the number of trials on evoked motor cortical activity in EEG recordings. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35926471 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac86f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Improvements in electroencephalography enable the study of the localization of active brain regions during motor tasks. Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs), and event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS) are the main motor-related cortical phenomena/neural correlates observed when a movement is elicited. When assessing neurological diseases, averaging techniques are commonly applied to characterize motor related processes better. In this case, a large number of trials is required to obtain a motor potential that is representative enough of the subject's condition. This study aimed to assess the effect of a limited number of trials on motor-related activity corresponding to different upper limb movements (elbow flexion/extension, pronation/supination and hand open/close). APPROACH An open dataset consisting on 15 healthy subjects was used for the analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation approach was applied to analyse, in a robust way, different typical time- and frequency-domain features, topography, and low-resolution tomography (LORETA). MAIN RESULTS Grand average potentials, and topographic and tomographic maps showed few differences when using fewer trials, but shifts in the localization of motor-related activity were found for several individuals. MRCP and beta ERD features were more robust to a limited number of trials, yielding differences lower than 20% for cases with 50 trials or more. Strong correlations between features were obtained for subsets above 50 trials. However, the inter-subject variability increased as the number of trials decreased. The elbow flexion/extension movement showed a more robust performance for a limited number of trials, both in population and in individual-based analysis. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggested that 50 trials can be an appropriate number to obtain stable motor-related features in terms of differences in the averaged motor features, correlation, and changes in topography and tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borras
- Eng. Sistemes. Automàtica i inf. ind., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Sud. Edifici U. C. Pau Gargallo, 5. 08028 Barcelona, Barcelona, 08034, SPAIN
| | - Sergio Romero
- Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, SPAIN
| | - Joan F Alonso
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Sud. Edifici U. C. Pau Gargallo, 5, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, SPAIN
| | - Alejandro Bachiller
- Automatic Control Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EDIFICI H, AVDA. DIAGONAL, 647, Office 4.26, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, SPAIN
| | - Leidy Y Serna
- Eng. Sistemes. Automàtica i inf. ind., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Sud. Edifici U. C. Pau Gargallo, 5. 08028 Barcelona, Barcelona, 08034, SPAIN
| | - Carolina Migliorelli
- Unit of Digital Health, Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Av. Universitat Autònoma, 23 - 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalunya, 08290, SPAIN
| | - Miguel A Mananas
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Sud. Edifici U. C. Pau Gargallo, 5., Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, SPAIN
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Henderson SE, Hall SA, Callegari JM, Desjardins JA, Segalowitz SJ, Campbell KL. Increased alpha suppression with age during involuntary memory retrieval. Psychophysiology 2021; 59:e13947. [PMID: 34571578 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that while voluntary episodic memory declines with age, involuntary episodic memory, which comes to mind spontaneously without intention, remains relatively intact. However, the neurophysiology underlying these differences has yet to be established. The current study used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate voluntary and involuntary retrieval in older and younger adults. Participants first encoded sounds, half of which were paired with pictures, the other half unpaired. EEG was then recorded as they listened to the sounds, with participants in the involuntary group performing a sound localization cover task, and those in the voluntary group additionally attempting to recall the associated pictures. Participants later reported which sounds brought the paired picture to mind during the localization task. Reaction times on the localization task were slower for voluntary than involuntary retrieval and for paired than unpaired sounds, possibly reflecting increased attentional demands of voluntary retrieval and interference from reactivation of the associated pictures respectively. For the EEG analyses, young adults showed greater alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) during voluntary than involuntary retrieval at frontal and occipital sites, while older adults showed pronounced alpha ERD regardless of intention. Additionally, older adults showed greater ERD for paired than unpaired sounds at occipital sites, likely reflecting visual reactivation of the associated pictures. Young adults did not show this alpha ERD memory effect. Taken together, these data suggest that involuntary memory is largely preserved with age, but this may be due to older adults' greater recruitment of top-down control even when demand for such control is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Henderson
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana A Hall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - James A Desjardins
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karen L Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Houshmand Chatroudi A, Rostami R, Nasrabadi AM, Yotsumoto Y. Effect of inhibition indexed by auditory P300 on transmission of visual sensory information. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247416. [PMID: 33617549 PMCID: PMC7899349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early electroencephalographic studies that focused on finding brain correlates of psychic events led to the discovery of the P300. Since then, the P300 has become the focus of many basic and clinical neuroscience studies. However, despite its wide applications, the underlying function of the P300 is not yet clearly understood. One line of research among the many studies that have attempted to elucidate the underlying subroutine of the P300 in the brain has suggested that the physiological function of the P300 is related to inhibition. While some intracranial, behavioral, and event-related potential studies have provided support for this theory, little is known about the inhibitory mechanism. In this study, using alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) and effective connectivity, based on the causal (one-way directed) relationship between alpha ERD and P300 sources, we demonstrated that P300's associated inhibition is implemented at a higher information processing stage in a localized brain region. We discuss how inhibition as the primary function of the P300 is not inconsistent with 'resource allocation' and 'working memory updating' theories about its cognitive function. In light of our findings regarding the scope and information processing stage of inhibition of the P300, we reconcile the inhibitory account of the P300 with working memory updating theory. Finally, based on the compensatory behavior of alpha ERD at the time of suppression of the P300, we propose two distinct yet complementary working memory mechanisms (inhibition and desynchronizing excitation) that render target perception possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmahmoud Houshmand Chatroudi
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rostami
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Motie Nasrabadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hamilton HK, Boos AK, Mathalon DH. Electroencephalography and Event-Related Potential Biomarkers in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:294-303. [PMID: 32507388 PMCID: PMC8300573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes vary among youths at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), with approximately 20% progressing to full-blown psychosis over 2 to 3 years and 30% achieving remission. Recent research efforts have focused on identifying biomarkers that precede psychosis onset and enhance the accuracy of clinical outcome prediction in CHR-P individuals, with the ultimate goal of developing staged treatment approaches based on the individual's level of risk. Identifying such biomarkers may also facilitate progress toward understanding pathogenic mechanisms underlying psychosis onset, which may support the development of mechanistically informed early interventions for psychosis. In recent years, electroencephalography-based event-related potential measures with established sensitivity to schizophrenia have gained traction in the study of CHR-P and its clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the evidence for event-related potential abnormalities in CHR-P and discuss how they inform our understanding of information processing deficits as vulnerability markers for emerging psychosis and as indicators of future outcomes. Among the measures studied, P300 and mismatch negativity are notable because deficits predict conversion to psychosis and/or CHR-P remission. However, the accuracy with which these and other measures predict outcomes in CHR-P has been obscured in the prior literature by the tendency to only report group-level differences, underscoring the need for inclusion of individual predictive accuracy metrics in future studies. Nevertheless, both P300 and mismatch negativity show promise as electrophysiological markers of risk for psychosis, as target engagement measures for clinical trials, and as potential translational bridges between human studies and animal models focused on novel drug development for early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alison K Boos
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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8
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Peng W, Peng H, Lu J, Fan B, Cui F. Others' Pain Appraisals Modulate the Anticipation and Experience of Subsequent Pain. Neuroscience 2019; 410:16-28. [PMID: 31078688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated how pain appraisals from other individuals modulated self-pain anticipation and perception. Appraisals of pain intensity from 10 other individuals were presented before the participants received identical electrical pain stimulation themselves. In reality, the presented other's pain appraisals, with either low or high in mean and variance, were generated by the experimenter, and were randomly paired with the subsequent electrical stimulation at either low or high intensity. Specifically, the mean and variance of others' pain appraisals were manipulated to induce participants' expectation and certainty to the upcoming pain. Subjective ratings of pain intensity and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to the electrical stimulation, as well as anticipatory EEG activities measured prior to the onset of electrical stimulation, were compared. Results showed that the mean and variance of others' pain appraisal modulated the subjective pain ratings and the affective-motivational P2 responses elicited by the electrical stimulation, as well as anticipatory sensorimotor α-oscillation measured before the onset of pain stimulation. When the mean of others' pain appraisal was low, higher variance suppressed the sensorimotor α-oscillations and enhanced subsequent pain perception. In contrast, when the mean was high, the higher variance enhanced sensorimotor α-oscillations and suppressed subsequent pain perception. These results demonstrated that others' pain appraisals can modulate both of the anticipation and perception of first-hand pain. It also suggested that the top-down modulation of others' pain appraisals on pain perception could be partially driven by the different brain states during the anticipation stage, as captured by the prestimulus sensorimotor α-oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huini Peng
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juanzhi Lu
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bi Fan
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Cui
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Guay S, De Beaumont L, Drisdelle BL, Lina JM, Jolicoeur P. Electrophysiological impact of multiple concussions in asymptomatic athletes: A re-analysis based on alpha activity during a visual-spatial attention task. Neuropsychologia 2017; 108:42-49. [PMID: 29162458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most EEG studies used event-related potentials to assess long-term and cumulative effects of sport-related concussions on brain activity. Time-frequency methods provide another approach that allows the detection of subtle shifts in types and patterns of brain oscillations. We sought to discover whether event-related alpha activity would be significantly affected in asymptomatic multi-concussed athletes. We measured the amplitude of alpha activity (8-12Hz) from the EEG recorded during a visual-spatial attention task to compare event-related alpha perturbations in 13 multi-concussed athletes and 14 age-equivalent, non-concussed teammates. Relative to non-concussed athletes, multi-concussed athletes showed significantly less event-related perturbations time-locked to stimulus presentation. Alpha activity alterations were closely related to the number of concussions sustained. Event-related alpha activity differed in asymptomatic multi-concussed athletes when compared to controls. Our study suggests that low-level neurophysiological underpinnings of the deployment of visual-spatial attention are affected in multi-concussed athletes even though their last concussion occurred on average 30 months prior to testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Guay
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brandi Lee Drisdelle
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada; Montréal Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Jolicoeur
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Holgado D, Zandonai T, Zabala M, Hopker J, Perakakis P, Luque-Casado A, Ciria L, Guerra-Hernandez E, Sanabria D. Tramadol effects on physical performance and sustained attention during a 20-min indoor cycling time-trial: A randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:654-660. [PMID: 29128419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of tramadol on performance during a 20-min cycling time-trial (Experiment 1), and to test whether sustained attention would be impaired during cycling after tramadol intake (Experiment 2). DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. METHODS In Experiment 1, participants completed a cycling time-trial, 120-min after they ingested either tramadol or placebo. In Experiment 2, participants performed a visual oddball task during the time-trial. Electroencephalography measures (EEG) were recorded throughout the session. RESULTS In Experiment 1, average time-trial power output was higher in the tramadol vs. placebo condition (tramadol: 220W vs. placebo: 209W; p<0.01). In Experiment 2, no differences between conditions were observed in the average power output (tramadol: 234W vs. placebo: 230W; p>0.05). No behavioural differences were found between conditions in the oddball task. Crucially, the time frequency analysis in Experiment 2 revealed an overall lower target-locked power in the beta-band (p<0.01), and higher alpha suppression (p<0.01) in the tramadol vs. placebo condition. At baseline, EEG power spectrum was higher under tramadol than under placebo in Experiment 1 while the reverse was true for Experiment 2. CONCLUSIONS Tramadol improved cycling power output in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, which may be due to the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task. Interestingly enough, the EEG data in Experiment 2 pointed to an impact of tramadol on stimulus processing related to sustained attention. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT number: 2015-005056-96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darías Holgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Thomas Zandonai
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - James Hopker
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, UK
| | - Pandelis Perakakis
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Departamento de Psicología, Campus de Palmas Altas, Sevilla, España
| | - Antonio Luque-Casado
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Activity and Sport, "San Isidoro" University Center (Pablo de Olavide University), Spain
| | - Luis Ciria
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Sanabria
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.
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