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Jang DC, Choi S, Chung G, Kim SK. Global Cerebral Ischemia-induced Depression Accompanies Alteration of Neuronal Excitability in the Infralimbic Cortex Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:302-312. [PMID: 37749930 PMCID: PMC10569139 DOI: 10.5607/en23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia can lead to a range of sequelae, including depression. The pathogenesis of depression involves neuronal change of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, how cerebral ischemia-induced changes manifest across subregions and layers of the mPFC is not well understood. In this study, we induced cerebral ischemia in mice via transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO) and observed depressive-like behavior. Using whole-cell patch clamp recording, we identified changes in the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL), the subregions of mPFC. Compared to sham control mice, tBCCAO mice showed significantly reduced neuronal excitability in IL layer 2/3 but not layer 5 pyramidal neurons, accompanied by increased rheobase current and decreased input resistance. In contrast, no changes were observed in the excitability of PL layer 2/3 and layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Our results provide a new direction for studying the pathogenesis of depression following ischemic damage by showing that cerebral ischemia induces subregion- and layer-specific changes in the mPFC pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheol Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Geehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Jobson DD, Hase Y, Clarkson AN, Kalaria RN. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab125. [PMID: 34222873 PMCID: PMC8249104 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex comprises the lateral, medial and orbitofrontal regions. In higher primates, the lateral prefrontal cortex is further separated into the respective dorsal and ventral subregions. However, all these regions have variably been implicated in several fronto-subcortical circuits. Dysfunction of these circuits has been highlighted in vascular and other neurocognitive disorders. Recent advances suggest the medial prefrontal cortex plays an important regulatory role in numerous cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation and working, spatial or long-term memory. The medial prefrontal cortex appears highly interconnected with subcortical regions (thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus) and exerts top-down executive control over various cognitive domains and stimuli. Much of our knowledge comes from rodent models using precise lesions and electrophysiology readouts from specific medial prefrontal cortex locations. Although, anatomical disparities of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex compared to the primate homologue are apparent, current rodent models have effectively implicated the medial prefrontal cortex as a neural substrate of cognitive decline within ageing and dementia. Human brain connectivity-based neuroimaging has demonstrated that large-scale medial prefrontal cortex networks, such as the default mode network, are equally important for cognition. However, there is little consensus on how medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity specifically changes during brain pathological states. In context with previous work in rodents and non-human primates, we attempt to convey a consensus on the current understanding of the role of predominantly the medial prefrontal cortex and its functional connectivity measured by resting-state functional MRI in ageing associated disorders, including prodromal dementia states, Alzheimer's disease, post-ischaemic stroke, Parkinsonism and frontotemporal dementia. Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity abnormalities are consistently found in the default mode network across both ageing and neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment. Distinct disease-specific patterns of medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity alterations within specific large-scale networks appear to consistently feature in the default mode network, whilst detrimental connectivity alterations are associated with cognitive impairments independently from structural pathological aberrations, such as grey matter atrophy. These disease-specific patterns of medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity also precede structural pathological changes and may be driven by ageing-related vascular mechanisms. The default mode network supports utility as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for dementia-associated conditions. Yet, these associations still require validation in longitudinal studies using larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan D Jobson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yoshiki Hase
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre
and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054,
New Zealand
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
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Park JC, Jeon YJ, Kim JJ, Cho J, Choi DH, Han JS. Brief stress impairs recognition memory through amygdalar activation in animals with medial prefrontal cortex lesions. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135245. [PMID: 32652210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to exert inhibitory control over stress-induced activation of the amygdala and neurocognitive effects. As evidence to support this, we examined how exposure to either a brief or prolonged stress affected on amygdalar c-Fos levels and recognition memory of animals with mPFC chemical lesions. mPFC-lesioned and sham-operated animals were subjected to either a brief 20-min restraint+20 tailshocks or a prolonged 60-min restraint+60 tailshocks. Post-stress performances in the object recognition memory and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala were then assessed. In sham-operated animals, the object recognition memory was reliably impaired following the prolonged, but not following the brief stress exposure. On the other hand, in mPFC-lesioned animals, the brief stress significantly impaired recognition memory and enhanced c-Fos expression in the amygdala. Present findings of loss of mPFC activity exacerbating stress effects provide causal evidence that the mPFC exerts inhibitory control on stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Cheol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1525, USA
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Neurovascular unit dysregulation, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction: the shared triad of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. GeroScience 2020; 42:445-465. [PMID: 32002785 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive dysfunction is the most important predictor for loss of independence in dementia. As executive function involves the coordination of distributed cerebral functions, executive function requires healthy white matter. However, white matter is highly vulnerable to cerebrovascular insults, with executive dysfunction being a core feature of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). At the same time, cerebrovascular pathology, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction are all increasingly recognized as features of Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent studies have characterized the crucial role of glial cells in the pathological changes observed in both VCI and AD. In comorbid VCI and AD, the glial cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) emerge as important therapeutic targets for the preservation of white matter integrity and executive function. Our synthesis from current research identifies dysregulation of the NVU, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction as a fundamental triad that is common to both VCI and AD. Further study of this triad will be critical for advancing the prevention and management of dementia.
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Miguel PM, Deniz BF, Deckmann I, Confortim HD, Diaz R, Laureano DP, Silveira PP, Pereira LO. Prefrontal cortex dysfunction in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy contributes to executive function impairments in rats: Potential contribution for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:547-560. [PMID: 28105895 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1273551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compromises the quality of life of individuals including adaptation to the social environment. ADHD aetiology includes perinatal conditions such as hypoxic-ischaemic events; preclinical studies have demonstrated attentional deficits and impulsive-hyperactive outcomes after neonatal hypoxic and/or ischaemic intervention, but data are missing to understand this relationship. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate executive function (EF) and impulsivity, and tissue integrity and dopaminergic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats submitted to hypoxia-ischaemia (HI). METHODS At postnatal day (PND) 7, male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 10) and HI groups (n = 11) and the HI procedure was conducted. At PND60, the animals were tested in the attentional set-shifting (ASS) task to EF and in the tolerance to delay of reward for assessment of impulsivity. After, morphological analysis and the dopaminergic system were evaluated in the PFC. RESULTS Animals subjected to HI had impairments in EF evidenced by a behavioural inflexibility that was correlated to PFC atrophy. Moreover, HI animals presented reduced D2 receptors in the ipsilateral side of ischaemia in the PFC. CONCLUSIONS Animals submitted to HI presented impaired EF associated with tissue atrophy and dopaminergic disturbance in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Iohanna Deckmann
- b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Heloísa Deola Confortim
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Ramiro Diaz
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Daniela Pereira Laureano
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,d Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health , Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
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Szabo B, Noble DW, Byrne RW, Tait DS, Whiting MJ. Subproblem learning and reversal of a multidimensional visual cue in a lizard: evidence for behavioural flexibility? Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tait DS, Bowman EM, Neuwirth LS, Brown VJ. Assessment of intradimensional/extradimensional attentional set-shifting in rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:72-84. [PMID: 29474818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rat intradimensional/extradimensional (ID/ED) task, first described by Birrell and Brown 18 years ago, has become the predominant means by which attentional set-shifting is investigated in rodents: the use of rats in the task has been described in over 135 publications by researchers from nearly 90 universities and pharmaceutical companies. There is variation in the protocols used by different groups, including differences in apparatus, stimuli (both stimulus dimensions and exemplars within), and also the methodology. Nevertheless, most of these variations seem to be of little consequence: there is remarkable similarity in the profile of published data, with consistency of learning rates and in the size and reliability of the set-shifting and reversal 'costs'. However, we suspect that there may be inconsistent data that is unpublished or perhaps 'failed experiments' that may have been caused by unintended deviations from effective protocols. The purpose of this review is to describe our approach and the rationale behind certain aspects of the protocol, including common pitfalls that are encountered when establishing an effective local protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Tait
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary's Quad, South Street, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK.
| | - Eric M Bowman
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary's Quad, South Street, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Lorenz S Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA; SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Verity J Brown
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary's Quad, South Street, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK
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Cai Z, Liu Z, Xiao M, Wang C, Tian F. Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Promotes Amyloid-Beta Pathogenesis via Activating β/γ-Secretases. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3446-3455. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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