1
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Danishuddin, Malik MZ, Kashif M, Haque S, Kim JJ. Exploring chemical space, scaffold diversity, and activity landscape of spleen tyrosine kinase active inhibitors. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2024; 35:325-342. [PMID: 38690773 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2345618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to comprehensively characterize 576 inhibitors targeting Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase primarily found in haematopoietic cells, with significant relevance to B-cell receptor function. The objective is to gain insights into the structural requirements essential for potent activity, with implications for various therapeutic applications. Through chemoinformatic analyses, we focus on exploring the chemical space, scaffold diversity, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). By leveraging ECFP4 and MACCS fingerprints, we elucidate the relationship between chemical compounds and visualize the network using RDKit and NetworkX platforms. Additionally, compound clustering and visualization of the associated chemical space aid in understanding overall diversity. The outcomes include identifying consensus diversity patterns to assess global chemical space diversity. Furthermore, incorporating pairwise activity differences enhances the activity landscape visualization, revealing heterogeneous SAR patterns. The dataset analysed in this work has three activity cliff generators, CHEMBL3415598, CHEMBL4780257, and CHEMBL3265037, compounds with high affinity to SYK are very similar to compounds analogues with reasonable potency differences. Overall, this study provides a critical analysis of SYK inhibitors, uncovering potential scaffolds and chemical moieties crucial for their activity, thereby advancing the understanding of their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danishuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - M Z Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - M Kashif
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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2
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Bussi IL, Ben-Hamo M, Salazar Leon LE, Casiraghi LP, Zhang VY, Neitz AF, Lee J, Takahashi JS, Kim JJ, de la Iglesia HO. The circadian molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is necessary but not sufficient for fear entrainment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316841121. [PMID: 38502706 PMCID: PMC10990155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316841121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that nocturnal aversive stimuli presented to mice while they are eating and drinking outside of their safe nest can entrain circadian behaviors, leading to a shift toward daytime activity. We also show that the canonical molecular circadian clock is necessary for fear entrainment and that an intact molecular clockwork in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the site of the central circadian pacemaker, is necessary but not sufficient to sustain fear entrainment of circadian rhythms. Our results demonstrate that entrainment of a circadian clock by cyclic fearful stimuli can lead to severely mistimed circadian behavior that persists even after the aversive stimulus is removed. Together, our findings support the interpretation that circadian and sleep symptoms associated with fear and anxiety disorders are, in part, the output of a fear-entrained clock, and provide a mechanistic insight into this clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana L. Bussi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | - Miriam Ben-Hamo
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | | | | | - Victor Y. Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | - Alexandra F. Neitz
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-7275
| | - Jeffrey Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
| | - Joseph S. Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9111
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Jeansok J. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1525
| | - Horacio O. de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-1800
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195-7275
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Kim EJ, Kong MS, Park S, Cho J, Kim JJ. Periaqueductal gray activates antipredatory neural responses in the amygdala of foraging rats. bioRxiv 2024:2023.05.19.541463. [PMID: 38559038 PMCID: PMC10979854 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pavlovian fear conditioning research suggests that the interaction between the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) acts as a prediction error mechanism in the formation of associative fear memories. However, their roles in responding to naturalistic predatory threats, characterized by less explicit cues and the absence of reiterative trial-and-error learning events, remain unexplored. In this study, we conducted single-unit recordings in rats during an 'approach food-avoid predator' task, focusing on the responsiveness of dPAG and BLA neurons to a looming robot predator. Optogenetic stimulation of the dPAG triggered fleeing behaviors and increased BLA activity in naive rats. Notably, BLA neurons activated by dPAG stimulation displayed immediate responses to the robot, demonstrating heightened synchronous activity compared to BLA neurons that did not respond to dPAG stimulation. Additionally, the use of anterograde and retrograde tracer injections into the dPAG and BLA, respectively, coupled with c-Fos activation in response to predatory threats, indicates that the midline thalamus may play an intermediary role in innate antipredatory defensive functioning.
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Kimm S, Kim JJ, Choi JS. The central amygdala modulates distinctive conflict-like behaviors in a naturalistic foraging task. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1212884. [PMID: 37600757 PMCID: PMC10433198 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1212884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Conflict situations elicit a diverse range of behaviors that extend beyond the simplistic approach or avoidance dichotomy. However, many conflict-related studies have primarily focused on approach suppression, neglecting the complexity of these behaviors. In our study, we exposed rats to a semi-naturalistic foraging task, presenting them with a trade-off between a food reward and a predatory threat posed by a robotic agent. We observed that rats displayed two conflict-like behaviors (CLBs)-diagonal approach and stretched posture-when facing a robotic predator guarding a food pellet. After electrolytic lesions to the central amygdala (CeA), both conflict behaviors were significantly reduced, accompanied by a decrease in avoidance behavior (hiding) and an increase in approach behavior (frequency of interactions with the robot). A significant negative correlation between avoidance and approach behaviors emerged after the CeA lesion; however, our data suggest that CLBs are not tightly coupled with either approach or avoidance behaviors, showing no significant correlation to those behaviors. Our findings indicate that the CeA plays a crucial role in modulating conflict behaviors, competing with approach suppression in risky situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwhi Kimm
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - June-Seek Choi
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Stressful experiences, both physical and psychological, that are overwhelming (i.e., inescapable and unpredictable), can measurably affect subsequent neuronal properties and cognitive functioning of the hippocampus. At the cellular level, stress has been shown to alter hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spike and local field potential activity, dendritic morphology, neurogenesis, and neurodegeneration. At the behavioral level, stress has been found to impair learning and memory for declarative (or explicit) tasks that are based on cognition, such as verbal recall memory in humans and spatial memory in rodents, while facilitating those that are based on emotion, such as differential fear conditioning in humans and contextual fear conditioning in rodents. These vertically related alterations in the hippocampus, procedurally observed after subjects have undergone stress, are generally believed to be mediated by recurrently elevated circulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis effector hormones, glucocorticoids, directly acting on hippocampal neurons densely populated with corticosteroid receptors. The main purposes of this review are to (i) provide a synopsis of the neurocognitive effects of stress in a historical context that led to the contemporary HPA axis dogma of basic and translational stress research, (ii) critically reappraise the necessity and sufficiency of the glucocorticoid hypothesis of stress, and (iii) suggest an alternative metaparadigm approach to monitor and manipulate the progression of stress effects at the neural coding level. Real-time analyses can reveal neural activity markers of stress in the hippocampus that can be used to extrapolate neurocognitive effects across a range of stress paradigms (i.e., resolve scaling and dichotomous memory effects issues) and understand individual differences, thereby providing a novel neurophysiological scaffold for advancing future stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Bussi IL, Ben-Hamo M, Leon LES, Casiraghi LP, Zhang VY, Neitz AF, Lee J, Takahashi JS, Kim JJ, de la Iglesia HO. The circadian molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is necessary but not sufficient for fear entrainment in the mouse. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.26.546624. [PMID: 37425771 PMCID: PMC10327100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.546624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal aversive stimuli presented to mice during eating and drinking outside of their safe nest can entrain circadian behaviors, leading to a shift toward daytime activity. We show that the canonical molecular circadian clock is necessary for fear entrainment and that an intact molecular clockwork in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the site of the central circadian pacemaker, is necessary but not sufficient to sustain fear entrainment of circadian rhythms. Our results demonstrate that entrainment of a circadian clock by cyclic fearful stimuli can lead to severely mistimed circadian behavior that persists even after the aversive stimulus is removed. Together, our results support the interpretation that circadian and sleep symptoms associated with fear and anxiety disorders may represent the output of a fear-entrained clock. One-Sentence Summary Cyclic fearful stimuli can entrain circadian rhythms in mice, and the molecular clock within the central circadian pacemaker is necessary but not sufficient for fear-entrainment.
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Grogans SE, Bliss-Moreau E, Buss KA, Clark LA, Fox AS, Keltner D, Cowen AS, Kim JJ, Kragel PA, MacLeod C, Mobbs D, Naragon-Gainey K, Fullana MA, Shackman AJ. The Nature and Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety: State of the Science and Opportunities for Accelerating Discovery. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023:105237. [PMID: 37209932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fear and anxiety play a central role in mammalian life, and there is considerable interest in clarifying their nature, identifying their biological underpinnings, and determining their consequences for health and disease. Here we provide a roundtable discussion on the nature and biological bases of fear- and anxiety-related states, traits, and disorders. The discussants include scientists familiar with a wide variety of populations and a broad spectrum of techniques. The goal of the roundtable was to take stock of the state of the science and provide a roadmap to the next generation of fear and anxiety research. Much of the discussion centered on the key challenges facing the field, the most fruitful avenues for future research, and emerging opportunities for accelerating discovery, with implications for scientists, funders, and other stakeholders. Understanding fear and anxiety is a matter of practical importance. Anxiety disorders are a leading burden on public health and existing treatments are far from curative, underscoring the urgency of developing a deeper understanding of the factors governing threat-related emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Psychology; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristin A Buss
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dacher Keltner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Philip A Kragel
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Dean Mobbs
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences; Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 USA
| | - Kristin Naragon-Gainey
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Miquel A Fullana
- Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander J Shackman
- Department of Psychology; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program; Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
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8
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Jeon YJ, Park JC, Jang YS, Kim DH, Choi BR, Kim JM, Kim JJ, Han JS. Chemogenetic modulation of the medial prefrontal cortex regulates resistance to acute stress-induced cognitive impairments. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4806-4814. [PMID: 36156637 PMCID: PMC10110428 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in regulating resistance to the effects of acute uncontrollable stress. We previously showed that mPFC-lesioned animals exhibit impaired object recognition memory after acute exposure to a brief stress that had no effect in normal animals. Here, we used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs to determine how modulating mPFC activity affects recognition-memory performance under stressful conditions. Specifically, animals with chemogenetic excitation or inhibition of the mPFC underwent either a brief ineffective stress (20-min restraint + 20 tail shocks) or a prolonged effective stress (60-min restraint + 60 tail shocks). Subsequent recognition memory tests showed that animals with chemogenetic mPFC inhibition exposed to brief stress showed impairment in an object recognition memory task, whereas those with chemogenetic mPFC excitation exposed to prolonged stress did not. Thus, the present findings the decreased mPFC activity exacerbates acute stress effects on memory function whereas increased mPFC activity counters these stress effects provide evidence that the mPFC bidirectionally modulates stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Cheol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sun Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61669, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, United States
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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9
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Gaburro S, Winter Y, Loos M, Kim JJ, Stiedl O. Editorial: Home Cage-Based Phenotyping in Rodents: Innovation, Standardization, Reproducibility and Translational Improvement. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:894193. [PMID: 35812217 PMCID: PMC9261870 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.894193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gaburro
- Tecniplast S.p.A, Buguggiate, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Gaburro,
| | - York Winter
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jeansok J. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Oliver Stiedl
- Department of Health and Environment and Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Kong MS, Kim EJ, Park S, Zweifel LS, Huh Y, Cho J, Kim JJ. 'Fearful-place' coding in the amygdala-hippocampal network. eLife 2021; 10:e72040. [PMID: 34533133 PMCID: PMC8500711 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals seeking survival needs must be able to assess different locations of threats in their habitat. However, the neural integration of spatial and risk information essential for guiding goal-directed behavior remains poorly understood. Thus, we investigated simultaneous activities of fear-responsive basal amygdala (BA) and place-responsive dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) neurons as rats left the safe nest to search for food in an exposed space and encountered a simulated 'predator.' In this realistic situation, BA cells increased their firing rates and dHPC place cells decreased their spatial stability near the threat. Importantly, only those dHPC cells synchronized with the predator-responsive BA cells remapped significantly as a function of escalating risk location. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of BA neurons was sufficient to cause spatial avoidance behavior and disrupt place fields. These results suggest a dynamic interaction of BA's fear signalling cells and dHPC's spatial coding cells as animals traverse safe-danger areas of their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Seon Kong
- Department of Psychology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sanggeon Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Yeowool Huh
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong UniversityGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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Bandres-Ciga S, Saez-Atienzar S, Kim JJ, Makarious MB, Faghri F, Diez-Fairen M, Iwaki H, Leonard H, Botia J, Ryten M, Hernandez D, Gibbs JR, Ding J, Gan-Or Z, Noyce A, Pihlstrom L, Torkamani A, Soltis AR, Dalgard CL, Scholz SW, Traynor BJ, Ehrlich D, Scherzer CR, Bookman M, Cookson M, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. Correction to: Large‑scale pathway specific polygenic risk and transcriptomic community network analysis identifies novel functional pathways in Parkinson disease. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:223-224. [PMID: 33944973 PMCID: PMC8496667 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02309-z
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - F Faghri
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Iwaki
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - H Leonard
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Botia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - D Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J R Gibbs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Ding
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Z Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London and Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Pihlstrom
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Torkamani
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A R Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - S W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - B J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - D Ehrlich
- Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - C R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 0115, USA
| | - M Bookman
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - A B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Schuessler BP, Zambetti PR, Fukuoka KM, Kim EJ, Kim JJ. Corrigendum: The Risky Closed Economy: A Holistic, Longitudinal Approach to Studying Fear and Anxiety in Rodents. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:684179. [PMID: 33897389 PMCID: PMC8063100 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.684179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.594568.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Schuessler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter R Zambetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kisho M Fukuoka
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Singla DR, Meltzer-Brody SE, Silver RK, Vigod SN, Kim JJ, La Porte LM, Ravitz P, Schiller CE, Schoueri-Mychasiw N, Hollon SD, Kiss A, Clark D, Dalfen AK, Dimidjian S, Gaynes BN, Katz SR, Lawson A, Leszcz M, Maunder RG, Mulsant BH, Murphy KE, Naslund JA, Reyes-Rodríguez ML, Stuebe AM, Dennis CL, Patel V. Scaling Up Maternal Mental healthcare by Increasing access to Treatment (SUMMIT) through non-specialist providers and telemedicine: a study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:186. [PMID: 33673867 PMCID: PMC7933917 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety impact up to 1 in 5 pregnant and postpartum women worldwide. Yet, as few as 20% of these women are treated with frontline interventions such as evidence-based psychological treatments. Major barriers to uptake are the limited number of specialized mental health treatment providers in most settings, and problems with accessing in-person care, such as childcare or transportation. Task sharing of treatment to non-specialist providers with delivery on telemedicine platforms could address such barriers. However, the equivalence of these strategies to specialist and in-person models remains unproven. METHODS This study protocol outlines the Scaling Up Maternal Mental healthcare by Increasing access to Treatment (SUMMIT) randomized trial. SUMMIT is a pragmatic, non-inferiority test of the comparable effectiveness of two types of providers (specialist vs. non-specialist) and delivery modes (telemedicine vs. in-person) of a brief, behavioral activation (BA) treatment for perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms. Specialists (psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers with ≥ 5 years of therapy experience) and non-specialists (nurses and midwives with no formal training in mental health care) were trained in the BA protocol, with the latter supervised by a BA expert during treatment delivery. Consenting pregnant and postpartum women with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score of ≥ 10 (N = 1368) will be randomized to one of four arms (telemedicine specialist, telemedicine non-specialist, in-person specialist, in-person non-specialist), stratified by pregnancy status (antenatal/postnatal) and study site. The primary outcome is participant-reported depressive symptoms (EPDS) at 3 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes are maternal symptoms of anxiety and trauma symptoms, perceived social support, activation levels and quality of life at 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-randomization, and depressive symptoms at 6- and 12-month post-randomization. Primary analyses are per-protocol and intent-to-treat. The study has successfully continued despite the COVID-19 pandemic, with needed adaptations, including temporary suspension of the in-person arms and ongoing randomization to telemedicine arms. DISCUSSION The SUMMIT trial is expected to generate evidence on the non-inferiority of BA delivered by a non-specialist provider compared to specialist and telemedicine compared to in-person. If confirmed, results could pave the way to a dramatic increase in access to treatment for perinatal depression and anxiety. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04153864 . Registered on November 6, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Singla
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - S E Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R K Silver
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S N Vigod
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - L M La Porte
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Ravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C E Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - N Schoueri-Mychasiw
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - S D Hollon
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Kiss
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Clark
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A K Dalfen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Dimidjian
- Renee Crown Wellness Institute and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - B N Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S R Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Lawson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - M Leszcz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R G Maunder
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - B H Mulsant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sinai Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - K E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - J A Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M L Reyes-Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A M Stuebe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - C-L Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - V Patel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Schuessler BP, Zambetti PR, Fukuoka KM, Kim EJ, Kim JJ. The Risky Closed Economy: A Holistic, Longitudinal Approach to Studying Fear and Anxiety in Rodents. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:594568. [PMID: 33192372 PMCID: PMC7645110 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.594568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic research of fear and anxiety in rodents has historically utilized a limited set of behavioral paradigms, for example, Pavlovian (classical) fear conditioning, the elevated plus-maze, or inhibitory (passive) avoidance. These traditional paradigms measure a limited selection of variables over a short duration, providing only a "snapshot" of fear and anxiety-related behavior. Overreliance on these paradigms and such behavioral snapshots ultimately lead to a narrow understanding of these complex motivational states. Here, we elaborate on the closed economy; a seldom-used paradigm that has been modified to comprehensively study fear and anxiety-related behavior and neurocircuitry in rodents. In this modified "Risky Closed Economy (RCE)" paradigm, animals live nearly uninterrupted in behavioral chambers where the need to acquire food and water and avoid threat is integrated into the task. Briefly, animals are free to acquire all of their food and water in a designated foraging zone. An unsignaled, unpredictable threat (footshock) is introduced into the foraging zone after a baseline activity and consumption period to model the risk of predation, which is then removed for a final extinction assessment. This longitudinal design, wherein data from a multitude of variables are collected automatically and continuously for 23 h/day over several weeks to months, affords a more holistic understanding of the effects of fear and anxiety on day-to-day behavior. Also, we discuss its general benefits relevant to other topics in neuroscience research, its limitations, and present data demonstrating for the first time The Risky Closed Economy's viability in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P. Schuessler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter R. Zambetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kisho M. Fukuoka
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jeansok J. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Park JC, Jeon YJ, Kim JJ, Cho J, Choi DH, Han JS. Brief stress impairs recognition memory through amygdalar activation in animals with medial prefrontal cortex lesions. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135245. [PMID: 32652210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to exert inhibitory control over stress-induced activation of the amygdala and neurocognitive effects. As evidence to support this, we examined how exposure to either a brief or prolonged stress affected on amygdalar c-Fos levels and recognition memory of animals with mPFC chemical lesions. mPFC-lesioned and sham-operated animals were subjected to either a brief 20-min restraint+20 tailshocks or a prolonged 60-min restraint+60 tailshocks. Post-stress performances in the object recognition memory and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala were then assessed. In sham-operated animals, the object recognition memory was reliably impaired following the prolonged, but not following the brief stress exposure. On the other hand, in mPFC-lesioned animals, the brief stress significantly impaired recognition memory and enhanced c-Fos expression in the amygdala. Present findings of loss of mPFC activity exacerbating stress effects provide causal evidence that the mPFC exerts inhibitory control on stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Cheol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1525, USA
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Bandres-Ciga S, Saez-Atienzar S, Kim JJ, Makarious MB, Faghri F, Diez-Fairen M, Iwaki H, Leonard H, Botia J, Ryten M, Hernandez D, Gibbs JR, Ding J, Gan-Or Z, Noyce A, Pihlstrom L, Torkamani A, Soltis AR, Dalgard CL, Scholz SW, Traynor BJ, Ehrlich D, Scherzer CR, Bookman M, Cookson M, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. Large-scale pathway specific polygenic risk and transcriptomic community network analysis identifies novel functional pathways in Parkinson disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:341-358. [PMID: 32601912 PMCID: PMC8096770 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polygenic inheritance plays a central role in Parkinson disease (PD). A priority in elucidating PD etiology lies in defining the biological basis of genetic risk. Unraveling how risk leads to disruption will yield disease-modifying therapeutic targets that may be effective. Here, we utilized a high-throughput and hypothesis-free approach to determine biological processes underlying PD using the largest currently available cohorts of genetic and gene expression data from International Parkinson's Disease Genetics Consortium (IPDGC) and the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson's disease initiative (AMP-PD), among other sources. We applied large-scale gene-set specific polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses to assess the role of common variation on PD risk focusing on publicly annotated gene sets representative of curated pathways. We nominated specific molecular sub-processes underlying protein misfolding and aggregation, post-translational protein modification, immune response, membrane and intracellular trafficking, lipid and vitamin metabolism, synaptic transmission, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, chromatin remodeling and apoptosis mediated by caspases among the main contributors to PD etiology. We assessed the impact of rare variation on PD risk in an independent cohort of whole-genome sequencing data and found evidence for a burden of rare damaging alleles in a range of processes, including neuronal transmission-related pathways and immune response. We explored enrichment linked to expression cell specificity patterns using single-cell gene expression data and demonstrated a significant risk pattern for dopaminergic neurons, serotonergic neurons, hypothalamic GABAergic neurons, and neural progenitors. Subsequently, we created a novel way of building de novo pathways by constructing a network expression community map using transcriptomic data derived from the blood of PD patients, which revealed functional enrichment in inflammatory signaling pathways, cell death machinery related processes, and dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Our analyses highlight several specific promising pathways and genes for functional prioritization and provide a cellular context in which such work should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - F Faghri
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Iwaki
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - H Leonard
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Botia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - D Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J R Gibbs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Ding
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Z Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London and Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Pihlstrom
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Torkamani
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A R Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - S W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - B J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - D Ehrlich
- Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - C R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 0115, USA
| | - M Bookman
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - C Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - A B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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17
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Haq S, Wang H, Kim JJ, Kwon EY, Banskota S, Grondin J, Hassan N, Brumell J, Philpott D, Khan WI. A209 ROLE OF SEROTONIN-AUTOPHAGY AXIS IN REGULATION OF EPITHELIAL CELL FUNCTION AND MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION IN GUT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), an enteric signalling molecule mainly produced by the enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the intestinal epithelium regulates various processes of the gut. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-HT biosynthesis in EC cells. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and experimental colitis, there are alterations in 5-HT content and microbiota composition in the gut. Previously we reported, Tph1-deficient (Tph1-/-) mice with reduced 5-HT in the gut exhibit reduced susceptibility to colitis. The mechanism by which 5-HT regulates colitis is unknown. Autophagy, a catabolic process regulates the function of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), gut microbiota, and protects against intestinal inflammation. Both aberrant 5-HT signalling and autophagy is implicated in colitis. It is unclear whether they interact in regulation of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from IECs and gut microbiota composition in relation to colitis. Our hypothesis is, an increase in 5-HT signalling inhibits autophagy in the IECs, which results in up-regulation of colitis by increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and by selection for a more colitogenic microbiota.
Aims
To define the role of 5-HT-autophagy axis in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from IECs and gut microbiota composition in intestinal inflammation.
Methods
We investigated level of autophagy with or without 5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in colons, mucosal scraping and IECs of Tph1-/- and their wild-type (WT) littermates. In addition, autophagy and proinflammatory cytokine production were investigated in human colonic epithelial cells (HT-29) following stimulation by 5-HT. We evaluated colitis and gut microbiota composition in WT, Tph1-/-, epithelial-specific autophagy gene Atg7 deficient (Atg7ΔIEC), and Atg7ΔIECTph1-/- (double knock out; DKO) mice.
Results
Tph1 -/- mice, with less 5-HT in the gut than WT mice following DSS administration exhibited an up-regulation of autophagy markers in the colon, mucosal scraping and IECs along with reduction of colitis severity. 5-HT treatment of HT-29 cells resulted in down-regulation of autophagy and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-8. DKO mice exhibited increased severity of DSS-colitis, and altered microbiota composition compared to Tph1-/- mice.
Conclusions
These findings suggest, an increase in 5-HT in colitis inhibits autophagy in the IECs that contribute to alteration of the gut microbiota and disease severity. Blocking 5-HT signalling may promote autophagy in the IECs and alleviate the severity of colitis. Understanding the contribution of 5-HT in autophagy may identify new therapeutic target in IBD and other intestinal inflammatory conditions that exhibit dysregulated autophagy.
Funding Agencies
CAG, CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - H Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J J Kim
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Y Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Shakespeare, ON, Canada
| | - S Banskota
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Grondin
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Dundas, ON, Canada
| | - N Hassan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Brumell
- Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Philpott
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Shakespeare, ON, Canada
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18
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Lukovic J, Alfaraj FA, Mierzwa ML, Marta GN, Xu W, Su J, Moraes FY, Huang SH, Bratman SV, O'Sullivan B, Kim JJ, Ringash JG, Waldron J, de Almeida JR, Goldstein DP, Casper KA, Rosko AJ, Spector ME, Kowalski LP, Hope A, Hosni A. Development and validation of a clinical prediction-score model for distant metastases in major salivary gland carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:295-301. [PMID: 31959347 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common pattern of failure in major salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is development of distant metastases (DMs). The objective of this study was to develop and validate a prediction score for DM in SGC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with SGC treated curatively at four tertiary cancer centers were divided into discovery (n = 619) and validation cohorts (n = 416). Multivariable analysis using competing risk regression was used to identify predictors of DM in the discovery cohort and create a prediction score of DM; the optimal score cut-off was determined using a minimal P value approach. The prediction score was subsequently evaluated in the validation cohort. The cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to analyze DM and overall survival (OS), respectively. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, DM predictors (risk coefficient) were: positive margin (0.6), pT3-4 (0.7), pN+ (0.7), lymphovascular invasion (0.8), and high-risk histology (1.2). High DM-risk SGC was defined by sum of coefficients greater than two. In the discovery cohort, the 5-year incidence of DM for high- versus low-risk SGC was 50% versus 8% (P < 0.01); this was similar in the validation cohort (44% versus 4%; P < 0.01). In the pooled cohorts, this model performed similarly in predicting distant-only failure (40% versus 6%, P < 0.01) and late (>2 years post surgery) DM (22% versus 4%; P < 0.01). Patients with high-risk SGC had an increased incidence of DM in the subgroup receiving postoperative radiation therapy (46% versus 8%; P < 0.01). The 5-year OS for high- versus low-risk SGC was 48% versus 92% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This validated prediction-score model may be used to identify SGC patients at increased risk for DM and select those who may benefit from prospective evaluation of treatment intensification and/or surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lukovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - F A Alfaraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency Centre for the North, Prince George, Canada
| | - M L Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - G N Marta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - F Y Moraes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S H Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S V Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - B O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J G Ringash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Waldron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J R de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - K A Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - A J Rosko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - L P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Hope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Hosni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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19
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Abstract
Traditional tobacco products have well-known systemic and local oral effects, including inflammation, vasoconstriction, delayed wound healing, and increased severity of periodontal disease. Specifically in the oral cavity and the lung, cigarette smoking produces cancer, increased infectivity, acute and chronic inflammation, changes in gene expression in epithelial lining cells, and microbiome changes. In recent years, cigarette smoking has greatly decreased in the United States, but the use of new tobacco products has gained tremendous popularity. Without significant knowledge of the oral sequelae of products such as electronic cigarettes, researchers must evaluate current in vitro and in vivo methods to study these agents, as well as develop new tools to adequately study their effects. Some in vitro testing has been performed for electronic cigarettes, including toxicologic models and assays, but these mostly study the effect on the respiratory tract. Recently, direct exposure of the aerosol to in vitro 3-dimensional tissue constructs has been performed, demonstrating changes in cell viability and inflammatory cytokines. For in vivo studies, a universal e-cigarette testing machine or standard vaping regime is needed. A standard research electronic cigarette has recently been developed by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, and other devices delivering aerosols with different nicotine concentrations are becoming available. One of the biggest challenges in this research is keeping up with the new products and the rapidly changing technologies in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aghaloo
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - T Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - H P Behrsing
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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20
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Kim EJ, Kim JJ. Amygdala, Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Glucocorticoid Interactions Produce Stress-Like Effects on Memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:210. [PMID: 31619974 PMCID: PMC6759673 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse stress effects on the hippocampal memory system are generally thought to be due to the high level of circulating glucocorticoids directly modifying the properties of hippocampal neurons and, accordingly, the results should be reproducible with exogenous administration of cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. However, glucocorticoid levels increased to other events, such as exercise and environment enrichment, do not impair but instead enhance hippocampal memory, indicating that cortisol/corticosterone are not invariant causal factors of stress. To better model the complex psychophysiological attributes of stress (i.e., aversiveness, lack of controllability, and glucose metabolism), we examined the functions of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and corticosterone on a hippocampal-based one-trial novel object recognition (OR) memory task in rats. Specifically, animals were subjected to amygdala stimulation, mPFC inactivation, and corticosterone treatments separately or in combination during behavioral testing. Collective amygdala, mPFC, and corticosterone manipulations significantly impaired OR memory comparable to behavioral stress. By contrast, single and dual treatments failed to reliably decrease memory functioning. These results suggest that negative mnemonic impacts of uncontrollable stress involve the amalgamation of heightened amygdala and diminished mPFC activities, and elevated circulating corticosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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21
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Cho JY, Kim KH, Lee SE, Lee HY, Choi JO, Jeon ES, Kim MS, Kim JJ, Hwang KK, Chae SC, Kang SM, Choi DJ, Yoo BS, Cho MC, Oh BH. P3520Admission hyperglycemia is a predictor of mortality of acute heart failure: comparison between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Regardless of diabetes mellitus (DM), admission hyperglycemia is not uncommon in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Although DM is a well-known predictor of mortality in AHF, the impacts of admission hyperglycemia on clinical outcomes in non-DM patients with AHF have been poorly studied. The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the impact of admission hyperglycemia on long-term clinical outcomes in AHF patients with or without DM.
Methods
Among 5,625 AHF patients enrolled in a nationwide registry, a total of 5,541 patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups; DM group (n=2,125, 70.4±11.4 years) vs. non-DM group (n=3,416, 67.3±16.0 years). Each group were further divided into 2 groups according to the presence of admission hyperglycemia (admission serum glucose level >200mg/dl); admission hyperglycemia (n=248) and no hyperglycemia (n=3,168) in non-DM; admission hyperglycemia (n=799) and no hyperglycemia (n=1,326) in DM. All-cause death and hospitalization due to HF (HHF) during 1-year follow-up were compared.
Results
Death was developed in 1,220 patients (22.2%) including 269 inhospital deaths (4.9%) during 1-year of follow-up. Death rate were significantly higher in DM than in non-DM group (24.8% vs 20.5%, p<0.001), however there was no difference in inhospital death (5.1% vs 4.7%, p=0.534). Both inhospital death (7.6% vs. 4.2%, p<0.001) and 1-year death (26.2% vs. 21.3%, p=0.001) were more frequent in AHF patients with hyperglycemia. On Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis, however, admission hyperglycemia was associated with significantly higher death (p<0.001 by log-rank test) and rehospitalization (p=0.006 by log-rank test) in non-DM group, but not in DM group. In non-DM group, admission hyperglycemia was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10–1.93, p=0.009).
Conclusion
DM was a significant predictor of long-term mortality in patients with AHF. Admission hyperglycemia was associated with both higher inhospital and 1-year mortality. The present study also demonstrated that admission hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of mortality in non-DM patients with AHF, but not in DM patients. In addition to the presence of DM, admission hyperglycemia would be a useful marker in the risk stratification of AHF, especially in non-DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Cho
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K H Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S E Lee
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Y Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J O Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E S Jeon
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M S Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J J Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K K Hwang
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S C Chae
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kang
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D J Choi
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B S Yoo
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M C Cho
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B H Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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22
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Kim HJ, Kim MA, Lee DI, Kim HL, Choi DJ, Han S, Cho MC, Jeon ES, Kim JJ, Yoo BS, Shin MS, Chae SC, Ryu KH, Kang SM. P3453Gender difference in impact of ischemic heart disease on long-term outcome in patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major underlying etiology in patients with heart failure (HF). Although the impact of IHD on HF is evolving, there is a lack of understanding of how IHD affects long-term clinical outcomes and uncertainty about the role of IHD in determining the risk of clinical outcomes by gender.
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the gender difference in impact of IHD on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
Methods
Study data were obtained from the nationwide registry which is a prospective multicenter cohort and included patients who were hospitalized for HF composed of 3,200 patients. A total of 1,638 patients with HFrEF were classified into gender (women 704 and men 934). The primary outcome was all-cause death during follow-up and the composite clinical events of all-cause death and HF readmission during follow-up were also obtained. HF readmission was defined as re-hospitalization because of HF exacerbation.
Results
133 women (18.9%) were died and 168 men (18.0%) were died during follow-up (median 489 days; inter-quartile range, 162–947 days). As underlying cause of HF, IHD did not show significant difference between genders. Women with HFrEF combined with IHD had significantly lower cumulative survival rate than women without IHD at long-term follow-up (74.8% vs. 84.9%, Log Rank p=0.001, Figure 1). However, men with HFrEF combined with IHD had no significant difference in survival rate compared with men without IHD (79.3% vs. 83.8%, Log Rank p=0.067). After adjustment for confounding factors, Cox regression analysis showed that IHD had a 1.43-fold increased risk for all-cause mortality independently only in women. (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.058–1.929, p=0.020). On the contrary to the death-free survival rates, there were significant differences in composite clinical events-free survival rates between patients with HFrEF combined with IHD and HFrEF without IHD in both genders.
Figure 1
Conclusions
IHD as predisposing cause of HF was an important risk factor for long-term mortality in women with HFrEF. Clinician need to aware of gender-based characteristics in patients with HF and should manage and monitor them appropriately and gender-specifically. Women with HF caused by IHD also should be treated more meticulously to avoid a poor prognosis.
Acknowledgement/Funding
None
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cardiology, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M A Kim
- Boramae Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D I Lee
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cardiology, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H L Kim
- Boramae Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D J Choi
- Seoul National University Bun-Dang Hospital, Department of Internal medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Han
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Cardiology, Hwaseong, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M C Cho
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cardiology, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E S Jeon
- Samsung Medical Center, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J J Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B S Yoo
- Wonju Christian Hospital, Cardiology, Wonju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M S Shin
- Inha University Hospital, Cardiology, Incheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S C Chae
- Kyungpook National University Hospital, Cardiology, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K H Ryu
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Cardiology, Hwaseong, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kang
- Severance Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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23
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Mitrofanova A, Mallela SK, Ducasa GM, Yoo TH, Rosenfeld-Gur E, Zelnik ID, Molina J, Varona Santos J, Ge M, Sloan A, Kim JJ, Pedigo C, Bryn J, Volosenco I, Faul C, Zeidan YH, Garcia Hernandez C, Mendez AJ, Leibiger I, Burke GW, Futerman AH, Barisoni L, Ishimoto Y, Inagi R, Merscher S, Fornoni A. SMPDL3b modulates insulin receptor signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2692. [PMID: 31217420 PMCID: PMC6584700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3b (SMPDL3b) is a lipid raft enzyme that regulates plasma membrane (PM) fluidity. Here we report that SMPDL3b excess, as observed in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), impairs insulin receptor isoform B-dependent pro-survival insulin signaling by interfering with insulin receptor isoforms binding to caveolin-1 in the PM. SMPDL3b excess affects the production of active sphingolipids resulting in decreased ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) content as observed in human podocytes in vitro and in kidney cortexes of diabetic db/db mice in vivo. Podocyte-specific Smpdl3b deficiency in db/db mice is sufficient to restore kidney cortex C1P content and to protect from DKD. Exogenous administration of C1P restores IR signaling in vitro and prevents established DKD progression in vivo. Taken together, we identify SMPDL3b as a modulator of insulin signaling and demonstrate that supplementation with exogenous C1P may represent a lipid therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic complications such as DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - S K Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - G M Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - T H Yoo
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - E Rosenfeld-Gur
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - I D Zelnik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - J Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - J Varona Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - M Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - C Pedigo
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510, CT, USA
| | - J Bryn
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - I Volosenco
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Lewis Gale Medical Center, Salem, 24153, VI, USA
| | - C Faul
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Y H Zeidan
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - C Garcia Hernandez
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A J Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - I Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - G W Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - L Barisoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - Y Ishimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - R Inagi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - S Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
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24
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Zambetti PR, Schuessler BP, Kim JJ. Sex Differences in Foraging Rats to Naturalistic Aerial Predator Stimuli. iScience 2019; 16:442-452. [PMID: 31229893 PMCID: PMC6593150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents in the wild are under nearly constant threat of aerial predation and thus have evolved adaptive innate defensive behaviors, such as freezing or fleeing, in response to a perceived looming threat. Here we employed an ethologically relevant paradigm to study innate fear of aerial predators in male and female rats during a goal-oriented task. Rats foraging for food in a large arena encountered either a 2D or 3D looming stimulus, to which they instinctively fled back to a safe nest. When facing a direct aerial threat, female rats exhibited a greater fear response than males and this divergence maintained when exposed to the environment on subsequent days with no predator interaction, suggesting stronger contextual fear in female rats. These results may have relevance toward exploring neurobiological mechanisms associated with higher diagnosis rates of fear and anxiety-related disorders in women as compared with men. Female rats exhibited stronger fear responses to aerial threats than male rats A 3D aerial predator was more effective at eliciting fear responses than 2D stimuli Contextual fear memories were formed from repeated 3D predator exposures
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Zambetti
- Department of Psychology, Guthrie Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bryan P Schuessler
- Department of Psychology, Guthrie Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Guthrie Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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25
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Haq S, Wang H, Kim JJ, Steinberg G, Brumell J, Khan WI. A33 ROLE OF SEROTONIN-AUTOPHAGY AXIS IN INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - H Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J J Kim
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Brumell
- Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Fear is considered an integral part of the brain's defensive mechanism that evolved to protect animals and humans from predation and other ecological threats. Hence, it is logical to study fear from the perspective of antipredator-survival behaviors and circuits by sampling a range of threatening situations that organisms are likely to encounter in the wild. In the past several decades, however, mainstream fear research has focused on the importance of associative learning; that is, how animals become frightened of innocuous cues as consequences of their contingent pairing with aversive events. While significant discoveries have been made, contemporary fear models derived from learning studies are likely to provide only a partial picture of the brain's fear system because they cannot simulate the dynamic range of risky situations in nature that require various adaptive actions and decisions. This review considers two different approaches to study fear, grounded on behaviorism and ethology and examines their contributions in revealing the naturalistic workings of fear in guiding and shaping behavior as animals make real-world choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeansok J. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Min Whan Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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27
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van Montfort SJT, Numan T, van Dellen E, Kyeong S, Douw L, Kim JJ. Delirium is not associated with altered hub flexibility of the posterior cingulate cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:2541-2543. [PMID: 30384024 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S J T van Montfort
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, HP F.06.149, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - T Numan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E van Dellen
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Kyeong
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - L Douw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Long Y, Du L, Kim JJ, Chen B, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Yao S, He H, Zheng X, Huang Z, Dai N. MLCK-mediated intestinal permeability promotes immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13348. [PMID: 29644768 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in intestinal permeability regulated by tight junctions (TJs) are associated with immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is an important mediator of epithelial TJ. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of MLCK in the pathogenesis of IBS using a post infectious IBS (PI-IBS) mouse model. METHODS Trichinella spiralis-infected PI-IBS mouse model was used. Urine lactulose/mannitol ratio was measured to assess intestinal epithelial permeability. Western blotting was used to evaluate intestinal TJ protein (zonula occludens-1) and MLCK-associated protein expressions. Immune profile was assessed by measuring Th (T helper) 1/Th2 cytokine expression. Visceral sensitivity was determined by abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distension. RESULTS Eight weeks after inoculation with T. spiralis, PI-IBS mice developed decreased pain and volume thresholds during colorectal distention, increased urine lactulose/mannitol ratio, elevated colonic Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and decreased zonula occludens-1 expression compared to the control mice. MLCK expression was dramatically elevated in the colonic mucosa of PI-IBS mice compared to the control mice, alongside increased pMLC/MLC and decreased MLCP expression. Administration of MLCK inhibitor and TJ blocker both reversed the increased intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity, and Th1-dominant immune profile in PI-IBS mice. CONCLUSION MLCK is a pivotal step in inducing increased intestinal permeability promoting low-grade intestinal immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. MLCK inhibitor may provide a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - B Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - S Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - H He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - N Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Choi Y, Hwang BH, Hwang BH, Lee WJ, Lee KY, Park HW, Kim BH, Lee KY, Byeon JH, Kim JJ, Park HW, Kim JJ, Kim CJ, Chang KY, Kim CJ, Chang KY. P2264A clinical risk score to predict the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B H Hwang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B H Hwang
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - W J Lee
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Lee
- St.Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Republic of
| | - B H Kim
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Lee
- St.Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Byeon
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J J Kim
- Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Republic of
| | - J J Kim
- Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - C J Kim
- Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Chang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - C J Kim
- Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Chang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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Cho JY, Kim KH, Lee SE, Lee HY, Choi JO, Jeon ES, Kim JJ, Hwang KK, Chae SC, Baek SH, Kang SM, Choi DJ, Yoo BS, Cho MC, Oh BH. P6542Post-discharge worsening renal function predicts long-term adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Cho
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea Republic of
| | - K H Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiology, Gwangju, Korea Republic of
| | - S E Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H Y Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J O Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E S Jeon
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J J Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - K K Hwang
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea Republic of
| | - S C Chae
- Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Baek
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S M Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - D J Choi
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Republic of
| | - B S Yoo
- Wonju Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea Republic of
| | - M C Cho
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea Republic of
| | - B H Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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31
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Oh J, Choi JO, Cho HJ, Lee HY, Jung SH, Kim JJ, Jeon ES, Kang SM. P2809The clinical implication of donor-recipient mismatch in heart transplant recipients; data from the Korean organ transplantation registry (KOTRY). Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J O Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H J Cho
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H Y Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Jung
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J J Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E S Jeon
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S M Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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Min BH, Hong M, Lee JH, Rhee PL, Sohn TS, Kim S, Kim KM, Kim JJ. Clinicopathological features and outcome of type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1480-1486. [PMID: 29893418 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the widespread use of endoscopy, small and low-grade type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are increasingly being detected. The clinicopathological features, biological behaviour and appropriate treatment strategy for these NETs remain unclear. METHODS Patients with biopsy-proven gastric NET and a normal fasting serum gastrin level were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Clinicopathological features and long-term outcome of local resection for type 3 NETs were reviewed retrospectively and compared according to tumour grade. RESULTS Some 32 patients with type 3 gastric NETs were included (25 patients with NET grade G1, 5 with G2 and 2 with G3). Pathological tumour size was 2·0 cm or less in 30 patients. All tumours were well differentiated, even G3 lesions, and all tumours but one were confined to the submucosal layer. G1 NETs were significantly smaller and had a significantly lower lymphovascular invasion rate than G2 and G3 NETs. Twenty-two patients with a G1 NET without lymphovascular invasion were treated with wedge or endoscopic resection. After a median follow-up of 59 (range 6-102) months, no patient with a G1 NET of 1·5 cm or smaller developed recurrence and one patient with a G1 NET larger than 1·5 cm had recurrence in a perigastric lymph node. Among seven patients with a G2 or G3 NET, two had lymph node metastasis and one had liver metastases. CONCLUSION Low-grade type 3 gastric NET has non-aggressive features and a favourable prognosis. Wedge or endoscopic resection may be a valid option for patients with type 3 gastric G1 NET no larger than 1·5 cm without lymphovascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-H Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Hong
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - P-L Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T S Sohn
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-M Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Huh Y, Jung D, Seo T, Sun S, Kim SH, Rhim H, Chung S, Kim CH, Kwon Y, Bikson M, Chung YA, Kim JJ, Cho J. Brain stimulation patterns emulating endogenous thalamocortical input to parvalbumin-expressing interneurons reduce nociception in mice. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1151-1160. [PMID: 29784588 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bursting pattern of thalamocortical (TC) pathway dampens nociception. Whether brain stimulation mimicking endogenous patterns can engage similar sensory gating processes in the cortex and reduce nociceptive behaviors remains uninvestigated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of cortical parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons within the TC circuit in gating nociception and their selective response to TC burst patterns. We then tested if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patterned on endogenous nociceptive TC bursting modulate nociceptive behaviors. METHODS The switching of TC neurons between tonic (single spike) and burst (high frequency spikes) firing modes may be a critical component in modulating nociceptive signals. Deep brain electrical stimulation of TC neurons and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the differential influence of each firing mode on cortical PV interneuron activity. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons assessed a direct role in nociceptive modulation. A new TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst firing patterns, contrasted with conventional continuous and intermittent theta burst protocols, tested if TMS patterned on endogenous TC activity reduces nociceptive behaviors in mice. RESULTS Immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that burst, but not tonic, deep brain stimulation of TC neurons increased the activity of PV interneurons in the cortex. Both optogenetic activation of PV interneurons and TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst reduced nociceptive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that burst firing of TC neurons recruits PV interneurons in the cortex to reduce nociceptive behaviors and that neuromodulation mimicking thalamic burst firing may be useful for modulating nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeowool Huh
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Dahee Jung
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taeyoon Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sukkyu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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Du L, Chen B, Kim JJ, Chen X, Dai N. Micro-inflammation in functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13304. [PMID: 29392796 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Although micro-inflammation appears to be important in the pathogenesis, studies evaluating immune activation in FD have been inconsistent. A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis was performed to compare immunologic cell counts and cytokine levels in the mucosa and peripheral blood of individuals with FD and healthy controls. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched. Data on immunologic cell counts and cytokines levels among individuals with FD and control groups were extracted and compared by calculating standard mean differences (SMD). Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Mast cell (SMD = 0.94, 95%CI 0.26-1.62, P = .007) and eosinophil counts (SMD = 0.36, 95%CI 0.06-0.68, P = .03) in the stomach were increased, among individuals with FD compared to controls. Similarly, mast cell (SMD = 0.66, 95%CI 0.20-1.13, P = 0.005) and eosinophil (SMD = 0.95, 95%CI 0.66-1.24; P < .001) counts in the duodenum were also increased in those with FD compared to controls. In a subgroup analysis, elevated eosinophil counts in the duodenum were observed in both post-prandial distress syndrome (SMD = 0.97, 95%CI 0.46-1.47, P = .0002) and epigastric pain syndrome subtypes (SMD = 1.16, 95%CI 0.48-1.83, P = .0008). No differences in mucosal intraepithelial lymphocyte, enterochromaffin cell, and neutrophil counts, as well as, peripheral interlukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels were observed among individuals with FD and controls. Micro-inflammation in the form of local immune cell infiltration, particularly eosinophils and mast cells, characterizes the pathogenesis of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - X Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - N Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kim EJ, Kong MS, Park SG, Mizumori SJY, Cho J, Kim JJ. Dynamic coding of predatory information between the prelimbic cortex and lateral amygdala in foraging rats. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar7328. [PMID: 29675471 PMCID: PMC5906073 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Predation is considered a major selective pressure in the evolution of fear, but the neurophysiology of predator-induced fear is unknown. We simultaneously recorded lateral amygdala (LA) and prelimbic (PL) area neuronal activities as rats exited a safe nest to search for food in an open space before, during, and after encountering a "predator" robot programmed to surge from afar. Distinct populations of LA neurons transiently increased spiking as rats either advanced or fled the robot, whereas PL neurons showed longer-lasting spike trains that preceded and persisted beyond LA activity. Moreover, discrete LA-PL cell pairs displayed correlated firings only when the animals either approached or fled the robot. These results suggest a general fear function of the LA-PL circuit where the PL participates in the initial detection of potential threats, the LA signals the occurrence of real threats, and the dynamic LA-PL interaction optimizes defensive readiness for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1525, USA
| | - Mi-Seon Kong
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1525, USA
| | - Sang Geon Park
- Neuroscience Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheri J. Y. Mizumori
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1525, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1525, USA
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1525, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1525, USA
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36
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Song BG, Min YW, Lee H, Min BH, Lee JH, Rhee PL, Kim JJ. Clinicomanometric factors associated with clinically relevant esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction from the Sandhill high-resolution manometry system. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 29024314 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) is a key metric for diagnosing esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO). However, its normal value might be different according to the manufacturer of high-resolution manometry (HRM). This study aimed to investigate optimal value of IRP for diagnosing EGJOO in Sandhill HRM and to find clinicomanometric variables to segregate clinically relevant EGJOO. METHODS We analyzed 262 consecutive subjects who underwent HRM between June 2011 and December 2016 showing elevated median IRP (> 15 mm Hg) but did not satisfy criteria for achalasia. Clinically relevant subjects were defined as follows: (i) subsequent HRM met achalasia criteria during follow-up (early achalasia); (ii) Eckardt score was decreased at least two points without exceeding a score of 3 after pneumatic dilatation (variant achalasia); and (iii) significant passage disturbance on esophagogram without structural abnormality (possible achalasia). KEY RESULTS Seven subjects were clinically relevant, including two subjects with early achalasia, four subjects with variant achalasia, and one subject with possible achalasia. All clinically relevant subjects had IRP 20 mm Hg or above. Among subjects (n = 122) with IRP 20 mm Hg or more, clinically relevant group (n = 7) had significantly higher rate of dysphagia (100% vs 24.3%, P < .001) and compartmentalized pressurization (85.7% vs 21.7%, P = .001) compared to clinically non-relevant group (n = 115). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results suggest that IRP of 20 mm Hg or higher could segregate clinically relevant subjects showing EGJOO in Sandhill HRM. Additionally, if subjects have both dysphagia and compartmentalized pressurization, careful follow-up is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Song
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-H Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - P-L Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Lee SS, Lee CM, Kim TH, Kim JJ, Lee JM, Kim HJ, Ha CY, Kim HJ, Jung WT, Lee OJ, Kim DY. Frequency and risk factors of drug-induced liver injury during treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:800-5. [PMID: 27155184 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk factors for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) during the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and to compare the frequency of DILI in patients with and those without chronic liver disease (CLD). SETTING This was a retrospective observational cohort study including 299 consecutive patients who started MDR-TB treatment from January 2009 to December 2013. DESIGN Of the 299 patients, 35 had alcoholic liver disease (ALD group), 16 had hepatitis B virus infection (HBV group) and 11 had hepatitis C virus infection (HCV group). The remaining 237 patients without CLD were selected as the control group. RESULTS DILI occurred in 29 (9.7%) patients. The frequency of DILI was significantly higher in the ALD (17.1%, P = 0.038), HBV (31.3%, P = 0.005) and HCV groups (27.3%, P = 0.037) than in the control group (6.3%). Among all patients taken together, having HBV and HCV infection were independent risk factors for the occurrence of DILI during MDR-TB treatment. CONCLUSION DILI during MDR-TB treatment occurred more frequently in patients with CLD due to ALD, HBV and HCV infection than in those without CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - C Y Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - W T Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - O J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mokpo National Hospital, Mokpo, Republic of Korea
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Kim JJ, Nam YK, Bang IC, Gong SP. Effective Condition for Whole Testis Cryopreservation of Endangered Miho Spine Loach (Cobitis choii) Through the Optimization of Mud Loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) Whole Testis Cryopreservation Condition. Cryo Letters 2018; 39:53-59. [PMID: 29734415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND: Miho spine loach (Cobitis choii) is an endangered Korean endemic fish. Whole testis cryopreservation is a good way for species preservation, but needs to the sacrifice of a large number of fish to optimize the freezing condition. Considering this limitation, a surrogate fish species was used for the protocol development. OBJECTIVE This study was to establish the effective condition for Miho spine loach whole testis cryopreservation by optimizing the conditions for whole testis cryopreservation in an allied species, mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis). MATERIALS AND METHODS The condition for whole testis cryopreservation was optimized in mud loach first, and then the optimal condition was applied to Miho spine loach testes. RESULTS The optimal condition for mud loach testis cryopreservation consists of the freezing medium containing 1.3 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 6% fetal bovine serum and 0.3 M trehalose, -1 C/min cooling rate and 26 degree C thawing temperature, which also permits effective cryopreservation of Miho spine loach testes. CONCLUSION An effective cryopreservation condition for whole testis of the endangered Miho spine loach has been established by using mud loach as a surrogate fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Kim
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Y K Nam
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - I C Bang
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - S P Gong
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.
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Kim D, Min YW, Park JG, Lee H, Min BH, Lee JH, Rhee PL, Kim JJ, Zo JI. Influence of esophagectomy on the gastroesophageal reflux in patients with esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-7. [PMID: 28881892 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the influence of esophagectomy with gastric transposition on the gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and gastric acidity in patients with esophageal cancer. Data on 53 esophageal cancer patients who underwent 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring after esophagectomy were retrospectively analyzed. We used a solid-state esophageal pH probe in which the esophageal pH sensor is placed 1.5 cm distal to the upper esophageal sphincter and the gastric pH sensor is located 15 cm distal to the esophageal pH channel. 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring data and other clinical data including anastomosis site stricture and incidence of pneumonia were collected. We defined pathologic reflux with reference to known normative data. Stricture was defined when an intervention such as bougienage or balloon dilatation was required to relieve dysphagia. The esophageal and gastric mean pH were 5.47 ± 1.51 and 3.33 ± 1.64, respectively. The percent time of acidic pH (<4) was 6.66 ± 12.49% in the esophagus and 70.53 ± 32.19% in the stomach. Esophageal pathologic acid reflux was noticed in 32.1%, 20.8%, and 35.8% during total, upright, and recumbent time, respectively. Esophageal pathologic bolus reflux was noted in 83.0%, 77.4%, and 64.2% during total, upright, and recumbent time, respectively. Gastric acidity increased with time after esophagectomy. Esophageal acid exposure time correlated with intragastric pH. However, esophageal pathologic acid reflux was not associated with anastomosis site stricture or pneumonia. In conclusion, GER frequently occurs after esophagectomy. Thus, strict lifestyle modifications and acid suppression would be necessary in patients following esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J I Zo
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JJ, Kim D, Yim JY, Kang JH, Han KH, Kim SM, Hwang KR, Ku SY, Suh CS, Kim SH, Choi YM. Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism as a risk factor for non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:1403-1412. [PMID: 28370150 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, most studies investigated the prevalence of NAFLD in obese PCOS patients. AIM To compare the prevalence of non-obese NAFLD in women with or without PCOS, and to assess an independent association between PCOS and NAFLD in a non-obese Asian cohort. METHODS This was a case-control study using a prospective PCOS cohort. After subjects with other potential causes of chronic liver disease were excluded, 275 non-obese women with PCOS and 892 non-obese controls were enrolled. NAFLD was determined by hepatic ultrasonography. Main outcomes were the prevalence of NAFLD on hepatic ultrasonography between non-obese women with or without PCOS, and an independent association between non-obese NAFLD and PCOS. RESULTS Non-obese women with PCOS had a significantly higher prevalence of NAFLD than those without PCOS (5.5% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.027). PCOS was associated with non-obese NAFLD (odds ratio: 2.62, 95% confidence intervals: 1.25-5.48) after adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI). In women with PCOS, the level of androgenicity represented by free testosterone or free androgen index was associated with NAFLD after adjustment for age, BMI, lipid profile, insulin resistance or glycaemic status. CONCLUSIONS Non-obese NAFLD is more prevalent in women with polycystic ovary syndrome than in those without. In non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenemia may be an independent risk factor for non-obese NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Y Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kang
- Department of Radiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K R Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Ku
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Suh
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y M Choi
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee ML, Katsuyama ÂM, Duge LS, Sriram C, Krushelnytskyy M, Kim JJ, de la Iglesia HO. Fragmentation of Rapid Eye Movement and Nonrapid Eye Movement Sleep without Total Sleep Loss Impairs Hippocampus-Dependent Fear Memory Consolidation. Sleep 2016; 39:2021-2031. [PMID: 27568801 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep is important for consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories. It is hypothesized that the temporal sequence of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is critical for the weakening of nonadaptive memories and the subsequent transfer of memories temporarily stored in the hippocampus to more permanent memories in the neocortex. A great body of evidence supporting this hypothesis relies on behavioral, pharmacological, neural, and/or genetic manipulations that induce sleep deprivation or stage-specific sleep deprivation. METHODS We exploit an experimental model of circadian desynchrony in which intact animals are not deprived of any sleep stage but show fragmentation of REM and NREM sleep within nonfragmented sleep bouts. We test the hypothesis that the shortening of NREM and REM sleep durations post-training will impair memory consolidation irrespective of total sleep duration. RESULTS When circadian-desynchronized animals are trained in a hippocampus-dependent contextual fear-conditioning task they show normal short-term memory but impaired long-term memory consolidation. This impairment in memory consolidation is positively associated with the post-training fragmentation of REM and NREM sleep but is not significantly associated with the fragmentation of total sleep or the total amount of delta activity. We also show that the sleep stage fragmentation resulting from circadian desynchrony has no effect on hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and no effect on hippocampus-independent cued fear-conditioning memory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in an intact animal model, in which sleep deprivation is not a confounding factor, support the hypothesis that the stereotypic sequence and duration of sleep stages play a specific role in long-term hippocampus-dependent fear memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Leanne S Duge
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Chaitra Sriram
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jeansok J Kim
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Horacio O de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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42
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Kim WY, Kim JJ. Reduced-Port Robotic Surgery for Myomectomy Using Laparoscopic Single Port Platform. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Maulsby C, Valdiserri RO, Kim JJ, Mahon N, Flynn A, Eriksson E, Jain KM, Enobun B, Holtgrave DR. The Global Engagement in Care Convening: Recommended Actions to Improve Health Outcomes for People Living With HIV. AIDS Educ Prev 2016; 28:405-416. [PMID: 27710081 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2016.28.5.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The National HIV AIDS Strategy (NHAS) calls for a more coordinated response to the HIV epidemic. The Global Engagement in Care Convening created a forum for domestic and international experts to identify best practices in HIV care. This manuscript summarizes the meeting discussions and recommendations from meeting notes and an audio recording of the meeting. Recommendations include: further standardization of performance goals and performance measures; additional research; a more robust system to support competing needs of clients receiving services; electronic information exchanges for HIV-related data; an expansion of the role of other health professionals to extend the capacity of physicians and other members of the care team; and revisions to current financing systems to increase reimbursement for and access to services that promote linkage to and retention in HIV care. The recommendations provide a unique example of "reverse technical assistance" and will inform U.S. program development, research, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maulsby
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R O Valdiserri
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N Mahon
- M·A·C AIDS Fund and Global Philanthropy and Corporate Citizenship, The Estée Lauder Companies, Inc
| | - A Flynn
- M·A·C AIDS Fund, New York, New York
| | | | - K M Jain
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Blessing Enobun
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D R Holtgrave
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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44
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Sheth J, Chen D, Kim JJ, Bowman WJ, Crozier PA, Tuller HL, Misture ST, Zdzieszynski S, Sheldon BW, Bishop SR. Coupling of strain, stress, and oxygen non-stoichiometry in thin film Pr0.1Ce0.9O2-δ. Nanoscale 2016; 8:16499-16510. [PMID: 27604569 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress and strain in thin films of Pr0.1Ce0.9O2-δ, supported on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and sapphire substrates, induced by large deviations from oxygen stoichiometry (δ = 0) were investigated by in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction and wafer curvature studies. The measured stresses and strains were correlated with change in δ, measured in situ using optical transmission spectroscopy of defect centers in the films and compared with prior chemical capacitance studies. The coefficient of chemical expansion and elastic modulus values for the films were found to be 18% less than, and 16% greater than in the bulk, respectively. Irreproducible stress and strain during cycling on YSZ substrates was observed and related to microstructural changes as observed by TEM. The enthalpy of defect formation was found to be similar for films supported on sapphire and YSZ, and appeared to decrease with tensile stress, and increase with compressive stress. Larger stresses observed for YSZ supported films as compared to sapphire supported films were found and accounted for by the difference in film orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sheth
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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45
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Pellman BA, Kim JJ. What Can Ethobehavioral Studies Tell Us about the Brain's Fear System? Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:420-431. [PMID: 27130660 PMCID: PMC4884474 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Foraging-associated predation risk is a natural problem all prey must face. Fear evolved due to its protective functions, guiding and shaping behaviors that help animals adapt to various ecological challenges. Despite the breadth of risky situations in nature that demand diversity in fear behaviors, contemporary neurobiological models of fear stem largely from Pavlovian fear conditioning studies that focus on how a particular cue becomes capable of eliciting learned fear responses, thus oversimplifying the brain's fear system. Here we review fear from functional, mechanistic, and phylogenetic perspectives where environmental threats cause animals to alter their foraging strategies in terms of spatial and temporal navigation, and discuss whether the inferences we draw from fear conditioning studies operate in the natural world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A Pellman
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA.
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46
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Lee II, Maniar K, Lydon JP, Kim JJ. Akt regulates progesterone receptor B-dependent transcription and angiogenesis in endometrial cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:5191-201. [PMID: 26996671 PMCID: PMC5031502 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progestins have long been used clinically for the treatment of endometrial cancers, however, the response rates to progestin therapy vary and the molecular mechanisms behind progestin insensitivity are poorly understood. We hypothesized that in PTEN mutated endometrial cancers, hyperactive Akt signaling downregulates Progesterone Receptor B (PRB) transcriptional activity, leading to overall impaired progestin responses. We report that inhibition of Akt with the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206 (MK), in conjunction with progestin (R5020) treatment, is sufficient to upregulate a subset of PRB target genes in Ishikawa cells stably expressing PRB (PRB-Ishikawa). Through gene ontology analysis of Akt-regulated PRB target genes, angiogenesis was found to be the principle process regulated by Akt-PRB. To further interrogate the mechanism by which Akt modulates PRB transcriptional activity, ChIP-Mass Spectrometry was performed to identify potential cofactors that differentially interact with PRB in the presence of the R5020 and MK+R5020. 14-3-3σ was identified as a protein enriched in the MK+R5020 dataset, and it was demonstrated that 14-3-3σ is required for the upregulation in PRB target gene expression following inhibition of Akt. In order to determine the ramifications of MK+R5020 treatment on angiogenesis, in vitro assays were performed and combinatorial MK+R5020 treatment significantly decreased endothelial cell invasion and tube formation more than MK or R5020 treatment alone. Furthermore, we found that combinatorial MK-2206+Progesterone treatments decreased angiogenesis and proliferation in the Ptend/d conditional mouse model of endometrial cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest that a combinatorial therapeutic approach utilizing Akt inhibitors with progestins may improve the efficacy of progestin therapy for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Lee
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Maniar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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47
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Kim CW, Park SN, Lee SB, Kim JJ, Lee HW, Kim YK, Yoon SS. Blue Emitters Based on Aryl End-Capped Pyrene Groups for OLEDs. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:2912-2915. [PMID: 27455733 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized four pyrene-derived blue emitting materials using Suzuki cross coupling reactions. All OLED devices using these materials as emitting materials showed efficient blue electroluminescence (EL). Particularly, a device using 1,1'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis-pyrene (1) showed best EL properties with the luminous efficiency of 4.32 cd/A, the power efficiency of 3.98 lm/W and the external quantum efficiency of 2.48% at 500 cd/m2.
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Lee ES, Jung SY, Kim JY, Kim JJ, Yoo TK, Kim YG, Lee KS, Lee ES, Kim EK, Min JW, Han W, Noh DY, Moon HG. Identifying the potential long-term survivors among breast cancer patients with distant metastasis. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:828-33. [PMID: 26823524 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to develop a prediction model to identify long-term survivors after developing distant metastasis from breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS From the institution's database, we collected data of 547 patients who developed distant metastasis during their follow-ups. We developed a model that predicts the post-metastasis overall survival (PMOS) based on the clinicopathologic factors of the primary tumors and the characteristics of the distant metastasis. For validation, the survival data of 254 patients from four independent institutions were used. RESULTS The median duration of the PMOS was 31.0 months. The characteristics of the initial primary tumor, such as tumor stage, hormone receptor status, and Ki-67 expression level, and the characteristics of the distant metastasis presentation including the duration of disease-free interval, the site of metastasis, and the presence of metastasis-related symptoms were independent prognostic factors determining the PMOS. The association between tumor stage and the PMOS was only seen in tumors with early relapses. The PMOS score, which was developed based on the above six factors, successfully identified patients with superior survival after metastasis. The median PMOS for patients with a PMOS score of <2 and for patients with a PMOS score of >5 were 71.0 and 12 months, respectively. The clinical significance of the PMOS score was further validated using independent multicenter datasets. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel prediction model that can classify breast cancer patients with distant metastasis according to their survival after metastasis. Our model can be a valuable tool to identify long-term survivors who can be potential candidates for more intensive multidisciplinary approaches. Furthermore, our model can provide a more reliable survival information for both physicians and patients during their informed decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S Y Jung
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - J Y Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - T K Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y G Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - K S Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - E S Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - E K Kim
- Department of Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
| | - J W Min
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - W Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - D Y Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H G Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Breast Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Lee SY, Park SH, Chung C, Kim JJ, Choi SY, Han JS. Oxytocin Protects Hippocampal Memory and Plasticity from Uncontrollable Stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18540. [PMID: 26688325 PMCID: PMC4685249 DOI: 10.1038/srep18540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is vulnerable to uncontrollable stress and is enriched with oxytocin receptors, but their interactive influences on hippocampal functioning are unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on stress-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity and spatial memory in male rats. While vehicle-administered stressed rats showed impairment in long-term potentiation, enhancement in long-term depression, and weakened spatial memory, these changes were not observed in oxytocin-administered stressed rats. To reveal the potential signaling mechanism mediating these effects, levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK) in the hippocampus was examined. Western blotting showed that oxytocin treatment blocked stress-induced alterations of pERK. Additionally, the oxytocin receptor antagonist L-368,899 inhibited the oxytocin’s protective effects on hippocampal memory to stress. Thus, intranasal administration of oxytocin reduced stress effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in rats via acting on oxytocin receptors and regulating ERK activity. This study suggests that exogenous oxytocin may be a therapeutically effective means to counter the detrimental neurocognitive effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hae Park
- Department of Physiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim E, Kim EJ, Yeh R, Shin M, Bobman J, Krasne FB, Kim JJ. Amygdaloid and non-amygdaloid fear both influence avoidance of risky foraging in hungry rats. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2013.3357. [PMID: 25056616 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence seems to show that emotional and reflex reactions to feared situations are mediated by the amygdala. It might therefore seem plausible to expect that amygdala-coded fear should also influence decisions when animals make choices about instrumental actions. However, there is not good evidence of this. In particular, it appears, though the literature is conflicted, that once learning is complete, the amygdala may often not be involved in instrumental avoidance behaviours. It is therefore of interest that we have found in rats living for extended periods in a semi-naturalistic 'closed economy', where they were given random shocks in regions that had to be entered to obtain food, choices about feeding behaviour were in fact influenced by amygdala-coded fear, in spite of the null effect of amygdalar lesions on fear of dangerous location per se. We suggest that avoidance of highly motivated voluntary behaviour does depend in part on fear signals originating in the amygdala. Such signalling may be one role of well-known projections from amygdala to cortico-striate circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earnest Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Regina Yeh
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Minkyung Shin
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Jake Bobman
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Franklin B Krasne
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
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