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Li S, Feng X. Dynamic quantitative monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid monoamine neurotransmitter markers during the modeling process of chronic stress-induced depression in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3636. [PMID: 39169445 PMCID: PMC11338840 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is known as the "mental cold" and is also considered a major cause of disability worldwide. It is estimated that over 300 million people worldwide suffer from severe depression, equivalent to 4.4% of the world's population. The monoamine hypothesis of depression predicts the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of depression, but in-depth research has failed to find convincing evidence. METHOD In this study, we will dynamically and strictly quantitatively monitor the concentration changes of monoamine transmitters in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of macaques, based on our previous work. In the experiment, timed and quantitative collection of CSF samples from macaques was performed and the concentration of monoamine transmitters was determined. RESULT The results showed that after 2 months of chronic stress, the concentrations of high vanillin acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid were significantly higher in the maternal separation (MS) group, whereas there was no significant difference in dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. CONCLUSION This study is the first to observe the long-term dynamic relationship between early adversity, chronic stress, adolescent depression, and CSF monoamine concentrations. The research suggests that MS and chronic stress play an undeniable role in the pathogenesis of depression and that concentrations of HVA and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are likely to serve as early markers of depressive-like symptoms in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
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2
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Zhang Z, Dong X, Liu Z, Liu N. Social status predicts physiological and behavioral responses to chronic stress in rhesus monkeys. iScience 2024; 27:110073. [PMID: 38883834 PMCID: PMC11176666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the underlying factors that cause differential individual responses to chronic stress is crucial for developing personalized therapies, especially in the face of pandemics such as COVID-19. However, this question remains elusive, particularly in primates. In the present study, we aimed to address this question by utilizing monkeys as a model to examine the impacts of social rank on stress levels and physiological and behavioral responses to chronic stress primarily caused by social isolation at both the individual and group levels. Our results showed that high-ranking animals were more susceptible to chronic stress. After exposure to chronic stress, although social hierarchies remained the same, the colonies exhibited more harmonious group relationships (e.g., more prosocial behaviors), with notable contributions from low-ranking animals. Overall, this study deepens our understanding of how social status shapes responses to chronic stress and sheds light on developing tailored and personalized therapies for coping with chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xueda Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu L, Mo X, He D, Chen X, Xiao R, Cheng Q, Fatima M, Du Y, Xie P. Maternal separation regulates sensitivity of stress-induced depression in mice by affecting hippocampal metabolism. Physiol Behav 2024; 279:114530. [PMID: 38552706 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental illness. Previous studies found that early life stress (ELS) plays a vital role in the onset and progression of depression. However, relevant studies have not yet been able to explain the specific effects of early stress on stress-induced depression sensitivity and individual behavior during growth. Therefore, we constructed a maternal separation (MS) model and administered chronic social frustration stress at different stages of their growth while conducting metabolomics analysis on the hippocampus of mice. Our results showed that the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test was significantly reduced at the end of MS. Meanwhile, mice with MS experience significantly decreased total movement distance in the open field test and sucrose preference ratio in the sucrose preference test when subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) during adolescence. In adulthood, the results were the opposite. In addition, we found that level changes in metabolites such as Beta-alanine, l-aspartic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, and Glycine are closely related to behavioral changes. These metabolites are mainly enriched in Pantothenate, CoA biosynthesis, and Beta Alanine metabolism pathways. Our experiment revealed that the effects of ELS vary across different age groups. It will increase an individual's sensitivity to depression when facing CSDS in adolescence, but it will reduce their sensitivity to depression when facing CSDS in adulthood. This may be achieved by regulating the hippocampus's Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and Beta Alanine metabolism pathways represented by Beta-alanine, l-Aspartic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, and Glycine metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Xiaolong Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Madiha Fatima
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yamei Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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4
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Geiger LT, Balouek JA, Farrelly LA, Chen AS, Tang M, Bennett SN, Nestler EJ, Garcia BA, Maze I, Peña CJ. Early-life stress alters chromatin modifications in VTA to prime stress sensitivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584631. [PMID: 38559030 PMCID: PMC10980038 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Early-life stress increases sensitivity to subsequent stress, which has been observed among humans, other animals, at the level of cellular activity, and at the level of gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such long-lasting sensitivity are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that persistent changes in transcription and transcriptional potential were maintained at the level of the epigenome, through changes in chromatin. We used a combination of bottom-up mass spectrometry, viral-mediated epigenome-editing, behavioral quantification, and RNA-sequencing in a mouse model of early-life stress, focusing on the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region critically implicated in motivation, reward learning, stress response, and mood and drug disorders. We find that early-life stress in mice alters histone dynamics in VTA and that a majority of these modifications are associated with an open chromatin state that would predict active, primed, or poised gene expression, including enriched histone-3 lysine-4 methylation and the H3K4 monomethylase Setd7. Mimicking ELS through over-expression of Setd7 and enrichment of H3K4me1 in VTA recapitulates ELS-induced behavioral and transcriptional hypersensitivity to future stress. These findings enrich our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms linking early-life environmental experiences to long-term alterations in stress reactivity within the brain's reward circuitry, with implications for understanding and potentially treating mood and anxiety disorders in humans.
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5
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Faraji J, Bettenson D, Yong VW, Metz GAS. Early life stress aggravates disease pathogenesis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Support for a two-hit hypothesis of multiple sclerosis etiology. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578240. [PMID: 37951203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Vision problems are one of the earliest diagnosed symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The onset and progression of vision loss and the underlying pathogenesis in MS may be influenced by cumulative psychophysiological stress. Here, we used a two-hit model of stress in female mice to determine if early life stress (ELS, the first hit) influences the response to an immunization that induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, the second hit) later in life. We hypothesized that ELS caused by animal transportation from a vendor during early postnatal development represents a co-factor which can exacerbate the clinical severity of EAE. Indeed, adult EAE mice with a history of ELS displayed more severe clinical signs and delayed recovery compared to non-stressed EAE mice. ELS also diminished visual acuity measured by optokinetic responses, as well as locomotion and exploratory behaviours in EAE mice. Notably, ELS accelerated vision loss and caused earlier onset of visual impairments in EAE. Exacerbated functional impairments in stressed EAE mice were highly correlated with circulating corticosterone levels. The findings show that the progression of induced EAE in adulthood can be significantly impacted by adverse early life experiences. These observations emphasize the importance of comprehensive behavioural testing, including non-motor functions, to enhance the translational value of preclinical animal models of MS. Moreover, shipment stress of laboratory animals should be considered a necessary variable in preclinical MS research. The consideration of cumulative lifetime stresses provides a new perspective of MS pathogenesis within a personalized medicine framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Dennis Bettenson
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada; Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
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6
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Balouek JA, Mclain CA, Minerva AR, Rashford RL, Bennett SN, Rogers FD, Peña CJ. Reactivation of Early-Life Stress-Sensitive Neuronal Ensembles Contributes to Lifelong Stress Hypersensitivity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5996-6009. [PMID: 37429717 PMCID: PMC10451005 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0016-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) is one of the strongest lifetime risk factors for depression, anxiety, suicide, and other psychiatric disorders, particularly after facing additional stressful events later in life. Human and animal studies demonstrate that ELS sensitizes individuals to subsequent stress. However, the neurobiological basis of such stress sensitization remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that ELS-induced stress sensitization would be detectable at the level of neuronal ensembles, such that cells activated by ELS would be more reactive to adult stress. To test this, we leveraged transgenic mice to genetically tag, track, and manipulate experience-activated neurons. We found that in both male and female mice, ELS-activated neurons within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and to a lesser extent the medial prefrontal cortex, were preferentially reactivated by adult stress. To test whether reactivation of ELS-activated ensembles in the NAc contributes to stress hypersensitivity, we expressed hM4Dis receptor in control or ELS-activated neurons of pups and chemogenetically inhibited their activity during experience of adult stress. Inhibition of ELS-activated NAc neurons, but not control-tagged neurons, ameliorated social avoidance behavior following chronic social defeat stress in males. These data provide evidence that ELS-induced stress hypersensitivity is encoded at the level of corticolimbic neuronal ensembles.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Early-life stress enhances sensitivity to stress later in life, yet the mechanisms of such stress sensitization are largely unknown. Here, we show that neuronal ensembles in corticolimbic brain regions remain hypersensitive to stress across the life span, and quieting these ensembles during experience of adult stress rescues stress hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne Balouek
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Christabel A Mclain
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Adelaide R Minerva
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Rebekah L Rashford
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Shannon N Bennett
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Forrest D Rogers
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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7
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Chen G, Ma S, Gong Q, Xie X, Wu P, Guo W, Kang L, Li M, Zhang H, Zhou E, Zhang Y, Rong J, Duan H, Jin L, Xu S, Zhang N, Sun S, Li R, Yao L, Xiang D, Bu L, Liu Z. Assessment of brain imaging and cognitive function in a modified rhesus monkey model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114382. [PMID: 36871905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression incurs a huge personal and societal burden, impairing cognitive and social functioning and affecting millions of people worldwide. A better understanding of the biological basis of depression could facilitate the development of new and improved therapies. Rodent models have limitations and do not fully recapitulate human disease, hampering clinical translation. Primate models of depression help to bridge this translational gap and facilitate research into the pathophysiology of depression. Here we optimized a protocol for administering unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to non-human primates and evaluated the influence of UCMS on cognition using the classical Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) method. We used resting-state functional MRI to explore changes in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in rhesus monkeys. Our work highlights that the UCMS paradigm effectively induces behavioral and neurophysiological (functional MRI) changes in monkeys but without significantly impacting cognition. The UCMS protocol requires further optimization in non-human primates to authentically simulate changes in cognition associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Topgene Xinsheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Wenbi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meng Li
- PET-CT/MRI Center and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Honghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Enqi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jingtong Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Liuyin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ruiling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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8
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Ausderau KK, Colman RJ, Kabakov S, Schultz-Darken N, Emborg ME. Evaluating depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in non-human primates. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1006065. [PMID: 36744101 PMCID: PMC9892652 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are some of the most prevalent and debilitating mental health conditions in humans. They can present on their own or as co-morbidities with other disorders. Like humans, non-human primates (NHPs) can develop depression- and anxiety-like signs. Here, we first define human depression and anxiety, examine equivalent species-specific behaviors in NHPs, and consider models and current methods to identify and evaluate these behaviors. We also discuss knowledge gaps, as well as the importance of evaluating the co-occurrence of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in animal models of human disease. Lastly, we consider ethical challenges in depression and anxiety research on NHPs in order to ultimately advance the understanding and the personalized treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla K. Ausderau
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sabrina Kabakov
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Marina E. Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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9
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Polanco A, McCowan B, Niel L, Pearl DL, Mason G. Recommendations for Abnormal Behaviour Ethograms in Monkey Research. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1461. [PMID: 34069667 PMCID: PMC8160873 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory monkey ethograms currently include subcategories of abnormal behaviours that are based on superficial morphological similarity. Yet, such ethograms may be misclassifying behaviour, with potential welfare implications as different abnormal behaviours are likely to have distinct risk factors and treatments. We therefore investigated the convergent validity of four hypothesized subcategories of abnormal behaviours ('motor', e.g., pacing; 'self-stimulation', e.g., self-sucking; 'postural', e.g., hanging; and 'self-abuse', e.g., self-biting). This hypothesis predicts positive relationships between the behaviours within each subcategory. Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) data on 19 abnormal behaviours were obtained from indoor-housed animals (n = 1183). Logistic regression models, controlling for sex, age, and the number of observations, revealed that only 1/6 'motor' behaviours positively predicted pacing, while 2/3 'self-abuse' behaviours positively predicted self-biting (one-tailed p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, 'self-stimulation' behaviours did not predict self-sucking, and none of the 'postural' behaviours predicted hanging. Thus, none of the subcategories fully met convergent validity. Subsequently, we created four new valid subcategories formed of comorbid behaviours. The first consisted of self-biting, self-hitting, self-injurious behaviour, floating limb, leg-lifting, and self-clasping. The second comprised twirling, bouncing, rocking, swinging, and hanging. The third comprised pacing and head-twisting, while the final subcategory consisted of flipping and eye-poking. Self-sucking, hair-plucking, threat-biting, and withdrawn remained as individual behaviours. We encourage laboratories to replicate the validation of these subcategories first, and for scientists working with other species to validate their ethograms before using them in welfare assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polanco
- Department of Integrated Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Brenda McCowan
- Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Lee Niel
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.N.); (D.L.P.)
| | - David L. Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.N.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Georgia Mason
- Department of Integrated Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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10
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Alshammari TK. Sexual dimorphism in pre-clinical studies of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110120. [PMID: 33002519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a sex bias in the pathological mechanisms exhibited by brain disorders, investigation of the female brain in biomedical science has long been neglected. Use of the male model has generally been the preferred option as the female animal model exhibits both biological variability and hormonal fluctuations. Existing studies that compare behavioral and/or molecular alterations in animal models of brain diseases are generally underrepresented, and most utilize the male model. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been a trend toward the increased inclusion of females in brain studies. However, current knowledge regarding sex-based differences in depression and stress-related disorders is limited. This can be improved by reviewing preclinical studies that highlight sex differences in depression. This paper therefore presents a review of sex-based preclinical studies of depression. These shed light on the discrepancies between males and females regarding the biological mechanisms that underpin mechanistic alterations in the diseased brain. This review also highlights the conclusions drawn by preclinical studies to advance our understanding of mood disorders, encouraging researchers to promote ways of investigating and managing sexually dimorphic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani K Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Prince Naïf Bin Abdul-Aziz Health Research Center, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Chronic unpredictable mild stress produces depressive-like behavior, hypercortisolemia, and metabolic dysfunction in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:9. [PMID: 33414370 PMCID: PMC7791128 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent depression is a common and serious mental disorder with unique characteristics that are distinct from adult depression. The adult non-human primate stress-induced model of depressive-like behavior is an excellent model for the study of mechanisms; however, an adolescent nonhuman primate model is still lacking. Ten male adolescent cynomolgus monkeys were divided into a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS, n = 5) group and a control (CON, n = 5) group by age and weight-matched pairs. The CUMS group was exposed to multiple unpredictable mild stressors for five cycles over 55 days. At baseline, there were no differences between CUMS and CON groups. At endpoint, the CUMS group demonstrated significantly higher depressive-like behavior (huddle posture), and significantly lower locomotion compared with the CON group. Furthermore, depressive-like behavior increased from baseline to endpoint in the CUMS group, but not changed in the CON group. In the attempt for apple test, the CUMS group made significantly fewer attempts for the apple than the CON group. In the human intruder test, the CUMS group showed significantly higher anxiety-like behaviors in the stare phase than the CON group. Hair cortisol level was significantly higher in the CUMS group than the CON group at endpoint, and was also elevated from baseline to endpoint. Metabolic profiling of plasma at endpoint identified alterations in metabolite pathways which overlapped with those of adolescent depression patients. CUMS can induce depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors, hypercortisolemia, and metabolic perturbations in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. This is a promising model to study the mechanisms underlying adolescent depression.
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12
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Li M, Cui J, Xu B, Wei Y, Fu C, Lv X, Xiong L, Qin D. Sleep Disturbances and Depression Are Co-morbid Conditions: Insights From Animal Models, Especially Non-human Primate Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:827541. [PMID: 35145441 PMCID: PMC8821160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.827541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of depression are increasing year by year. As one of the main clinical manifestations of depression, sleep disorder is often the first complication. This complication may increase the severity of depression and lead to poor prognosis in patients. In the past decades, there have been many methods used to evaluate sleep disorders, such as polysomnography and electroencephalogram, actigraphy, and videography. A large number of rodents and non-human primate models have reproduced the symptoms of depression, which also show sleep disorders. The purpose of this review is to examine and discuss the relationship between sleep disorders and depression. To this end, we evaluated the prevalence, clinical features, phenotypic analysis, and pathophysiological brain mechanisms of depression-related sleep disturbances. We also emphasized the current situation, significance, and insights from animal models of depression, which would provide a better understanding for the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jieqiong Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bonan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chenyang Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoman Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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13
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Yin YY, Tian CY, Fang XX, Shang C, Zhang LM, Xu Q, Li YF. The Faster-Onset Antidepressant Effects of Hypidone Hydrochloride (YL-0919) in Monkeys Subjected to Chronic Unpredictable Stress. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:586879. [PMID: 33324217 PMCID: PMC7725870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the limited monkey models of depression available to date, as well as the procedural complexity and time investments that they involve, the ability to test the efficacy and time course of antidepressants in monkey models is greatly restricted. The present study attempted to build a simple and feasible monkey model of depression with chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and evaluate the antidepressant effect and onset time of fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) and the new drug hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919), a potent and selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and 5-HT6 receptor full agonist. Female cynomolgus monkeys with low social status in their colonies were selected and subjected to CUS for 8 weeks by means of food and water deprivation, space restriction, loud noise, strobe light, and intimidation with fake snakes. Huddling, self-clasping, locomotion and environmental exploration were monitored to evaluate behavioral changes. In addition, the window-opening test was used to evaluate the exploratory interest of the monkeys. The present results revealed that CUS-exposed monkeys displayed significant depression-like behaviors, including significant decreases in exploratory interest, locomotion, and exploration as well as significant increases in huddling and self-clasping behavior and the level of fecal cortisol after 8 weeks of CUS. Treatment with FLX (2.4 mg/kg, i. g.) or YL-0919 (1.2 mg/kg, i. g.) markedly reversed the depression-like behaviors caused by CUS, producing significant antidepressant effects. YL-0919 (once daily for 9 days) had a faster-onset antidepressant effect, compared with FLX (once daily for 17 days). In summary, the present study first established a CUS model using female cynomolgus monkeys with low social status and then successfully evaluated the onset time of 5-HTergic antidepressants. The results suggested that monkeys exposed to CUS displayed significant depression-like behaviors, and both FLX and YL-0919 produced antidepressant effects in this model. Moreover, YL-0919 appeared to act faster than FLX. The present study provides a promising prospect for the evaluation of fast-onset antidepressant drugs based on a CUS monkey model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Yin
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xin-Xin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Shen C, Cao K, Cui S, Cui Y, Mo H, Wen W, Dong Z, Lin H, Bai S, Yang L, Zhang R, Shi Y. SiNiSan ameliorates depression-like behavior in rats by enhancing synaptic plasticity via the CaSR-PKC-ERK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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15
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Peña CJ, Smith M, Ramakrishnan A, Cates HM, Bagot RC, Kronman HG, Patel B, Chang AB, Purushothaman I, Dudley J, Morishita H, Shen L, Nestler EJ. Early life stress alters transcriptomic patterning across reward circuitry in male and female mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5098. [PMID: 31704941 PMCID: PMC6841985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abuse, neglect, and other forms of early life stress (ELS) significantly increase risk for psychiatric disorders including depression. In this study, we show that ELS in a postnatal sensitive period increases sensitivity to adult stress in female mice, consistent with our earlier findings in male mice. We used RNA-sequencing in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of male and female mice to show that adult stress is distinctly represented in the brain's transcriptome depending on ELS history. We identify: 1) biological pathways disrupted after ELS and associated with increased behavioral stress sensitivity, 2) putative transcriptional regulators of the effect of ELS on adult stress response, and 3) subsets of primed genes specifically associated with latent behavioral changes. We also provide transcriptomic evidence that ELS increases sensitivity to future stress through enhancement of known programs of cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jensen Peña
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Milo Smith
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hannah M Cates
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rosemary C Bagot
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hope G Kronman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bhakti Patel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Austin B Chang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Immanuel Purushothaman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joel Dudley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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16
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Janmaat KRL. What animals do not do or fail to find: A novel observational approach for studying cognition in the wild. Evol Anthropol 2019; 28:303-320. [PMID: 31418959 PMCID: PMC6916178 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To understand how our brain evolved and what it is for, we are in urgent need of knowledge about the cognitive skills of a large variety of animal species and individuals, and their relationships to rapidly disappearing social and ecological conditions. But how do we obtain this knowledge? Studying cognition in the wild is a challenge. Field researchers (and their study subjects) face many factors that can easily interfere with their variables of interest. Although field studies of cognition present unique challenges, they are still invaluable for understanding the evolutionary drivers of cognition. In this review, I discuss the advantages and urgency of field-based studies on animal cognition and introduce a novel observational approach for field research that is guided by three questions: (a) what do animals fail to find?, (b) what do they not do?, and (c) what do they only do when certain conditions are met? My goal is to provide guidance to future field researchers examining primate cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karline R. L. Janmaat
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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17
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Peña CJ, Nestler EJ, Bagot RC. Environmental Programming of Susceptibility and Resilience to Stress in Adulthood in Male Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:40. [PMID: 30881296 PMCID: PMC6405694 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence identifies early life adversity as a significant risk factor for the development of mood disorders. Much evidence points to the role of early life experience in susceptibility and, to a lesser extent, resilience, to stress in adulthood. While many models of these phenomena exist in the literature, results are often conflicting and a systematic comparison of multiple models is lacking. Here, we compare effects of nine manipulations spanning the early postnatal through peri-adolescent periods, both at baseline and following exposure to chronic social defeat stress in adulthood, in male mice. By applying rigorous criteria across three commonly used measures of depression- and anxiety-like behavior, we identify manipulations that increase susceptibility to subsequent stress in adulthood and other pro-resilient manipulations that mitigate the deleterious consequences of adult stress. Our findings point to the importance of timing of early life stress and provide the foundation for future studies to probe the neurobiological mechanisms of risk and resilience conferred by variation in the early life environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jensen Peña
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rosemary C Bagot
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Demin KA, Sysoev M, Chernysh MV, Savva AK, Koshiba M, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Song C, De Abreu MS, Leonard B, Parker MO, Harvey BH, Tian L, Vasar E, Strekalova T, Amstislavskaya TG, Volgin AD, Alpyshov ET, Wang D, Kalueff AV. Animal models of major depressive disorder and the implications for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:365-378. [PMID: 30793996 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1575360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects the global population and causes severe disabilities and suicide. Depression pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and the disorder is often treatment-resistant and recurrent, necessitating the development of novel therapies, models and concepts in this field. Areas covered: Animal models are indispensable for translational biological psychiatry, and markedly advance the study of depression. Novel approaches continuously emerge that may help untangle the disorder heterogeneity and unclear categories of disease classification systems. Some of these approaches include widening the spectrum of model species used for translational research, using a broader range of test paradigms, exploring new pathogenic pathways and biomarkers, and focusing more closely on processes beyond neural cells (e.g. glial, inflammatory and metabolic deficits). Expert opinion: Dividing the core symptoms into easily translatable, evolutionarily conserved phenotypes is an effective way to reevaluate current depression modeling. Conceptually novel approaches based on the endophenotype paradigm, cross-species trait genetics and 'domain interplay concept', as well as using a wider spectrum of model organisms and target systems will enhance experimental modeling of depression and antidepressant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- a Institute of Experimental Medicine , Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Maxim Sysoev
- c Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening , Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies , St. Petersburg , Russia.,d Institute of Experimental Medicine , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Maria V Chernysh
- b Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Anna K Savva
- e Faculty of Biology , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | | | | | - Cai Song
- h Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,i Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute , Guangdong Ocean University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Murilo S De Abreu
- j Bioscience Institute , University of Passo Fundo (UPF) , Passo Fundo , Brazil
| | | | - Matthew O Parker
- l Brain and Behaviour Lab , School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Brian H Harvey
- m Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Li Tian
- n Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- n Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- o Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Normal Physiology , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia.,p Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology , Moscow , Russia.,q Department of Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrey D Volgin
- g The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) , Slidell , LA , USA.,r Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Erik T Alpyshov
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,t Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg , Russia.,u Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia.,v Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies , St. Petersburg , Russia.,w Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.,x Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry , Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.,y ZENEREI Institute , Slidell , LA , USA.,z The International Stress and Behavior Society (ISBS), US HQ , New Orleans , LA , USA
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19
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Bernaras E, Garaigordobil M, Jaureguizar J, Soroa M. Mild and severe childhood depression: differences and implications for prevention programs in the school setting. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11:581-588. [PMID: 30519132 PMCID: PMC6237138 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study had two goals as follows: 1) to identify the prevalence of children with mild and severe depression (MD and SD), exploring sex differences; and 2) to determine possible significant differences in adaptive and clinical variables between children with different levels of depression (absence of depression, MD, and SD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a sample of 420 participants aged 7-10 years (53.3% boys) enrolled in third and fourth grade of primary education, from schools in the Basque Country (Spain). The Children's Depression Scale (CDS, self-assessment) was administered as well as six more assessment instruments. RESULTS It was found that 84.2% of children had no depression, 10% had MD, and 5.8% had SD. Compared with children with depressive symptoms, participants without depression had significantly: 1) lower levels of maladjustment, stress, emotional symptoms, internalizing problems, and behavioral problems; and 2) higher levels of personal adjustment, resilience, social skills, and self-concept. In addition, children with MD had significantly lower levels of clinical maladjustment, emotional symptoms, and stress than children with SD. However, no differences were found in school maladjustment, internalizing problems, behavioral problems, personal adjustment, resilience, social skills, and self-concept between children with MD and SD. CONCLUSION The discussion emphasizes the importance of identifying children with MD and implementing universal prevention programs from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernaras
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maite Garaigordobil
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain,
| | - Marian Soroa
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
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20
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Peña CJ, Kronman HG, Walker DM, Cates HM, Bagot RC, Purushothaman I, Issler O, Loh YHE, Leong T, Kiraly DD, Goodman E, Neve RL, Shen L, Nestler EJ. Early life stress confers lifelong stress susceptibility in mice via ventral tegmental area OTX2. Science 2018; 356:1185-1188. [PMID: 28619944 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress increases risk for depression. Here we establish a "two-hit" stress model in mice wherein stress at a specific postnatal period increases susceptibility to adult social defeat stress and causes long-lasting transcriptional alterations that prime the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-a brain reward region-to be in a depression-like state. We identify a role for the developmental transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2) as an upstream mediator of these enduring effects. Transient juvenile-but not adult-knockdown of Otx2 in VTA mimics early life stress by increasing stress susceptibility, whereas its overexpression reverses the effects of early life stress. This work establishes a mechanism by which early life stress encodes lifelong susceptibility to stress via long-lasting transcriptional programming in VTA mediated by Otx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Peña
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hope G Kronman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deena M Walker
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hannah M Cates
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosemary C Bagot
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Immanuel Purushothaman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Orna Issler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yong-Hwee Eddie Loh
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tin Leong
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emma Goodman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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