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Ansari MA, Rao MS, Al-Jarallah A. Insights into early pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease: role of oxidative stress and loss of synaptic proteins. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1273626. [PMID: 38260013 PMCID: PMC10800995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1273626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, induced by impaired insulin signaling in the brain contributes to cognitive loss in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). This study evaluated early hippocampal oxidative stress, pre- and post-synaptic proteins in intraperitoneal (IP) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) models of impaired insulin signaling. Adult male Wistar rats were injected with STZ, IP, or ICV, and sacrificed 1-, 3-, or 6-weeks post injection. Rat's cognitive behavior was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) tests at weeks 3 and 6. Hippocampal synaptosomal fractions were examined for oxidative stress markers and presynaptic [synapsin I, synaptophysin, growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25)] and postsynaptic [drebrin, synapse-associated protein-97 (SAP-97), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95)] proteins. IP-STZ and ICV-STZ treatment impaired rat's cognition, decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in a time dependent manner. In addition, it reduced the expression of pre- and post-synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. The decline in cognition is significantly correlated with the reduction in synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. In conclusion, impaired insulin signaling in the brain is deleterious in causing early synaptosomal oxidative damage and synaptic loss that exacerbates with time and correlates with cognitive impairments. Our data implicates oxidative stress and synaptic protein loss as an early feature of sAD and provides insights into early biochemical and behavioral changes during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | | | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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2
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Palazzo E, Marabese I, Boccella S, Belardo C, Pierretti G, Maione S. Affective and Cognitive Impairments in Rodent Models of Diabetes. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1327-1343. [PMID: 38279738 PMCID: PMC11092917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240124164804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and related acute and long-term complications have a profound impact on cognitive, emotional, and social behavior, suggesting that the central nervous system (CNS) is a crucial substrate for diabetic complications. When anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits occur in diabetic patients, the symptoms and complications related to the disease worsen, contributing to lower quality of life while increasing health care costs and mortality. Experimental models of diabetes in rodents are a fundamental and valuable tool for improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the close and reciprocal link between diabetes and CNS alterations, including the development of affective and cognitive disorders. Such models must reproduce the different components of this pathological condition in humans and, therefore, must be associated with affective and cognitive behavioral alterations. Beyond tight glycemic control, there are currently no specific therapies for neuropsychiatric comorbidities associated with diabetes; animal models are, therefore, essential for the development of adequate therapies. To our knowledge, there is currently no review article that summarizes changes in affective and cognitive behavior in the most common models of diabetes in rodents. Therefore, in this review, we have reported the main evidence on the alterations of affective and cognitive behavior in the different models of diabetes in rodents, the main mechanisms underlying these comorbidities, and the applicable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pierretti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Ansari MA, Al-Jarallah A, Babiker FA. Impaired Insulin Signaling Alters Mediators of Hippocampal Synaptic Dynamics/Plasticity: A Possible Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Cells 2023; 12:1728. [PMID: 37443762 PMCID: PMC10340300 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fawzi A. Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
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Song J. Amygdala activity and amygdala-hippocampus connectivity: Metabolic diseases, dementia, and neuropsychiatric issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114647. [PMID: 37011482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid aging of the population worldwide, the number of people with dementia is dramatically increasing. Some studies have emphasized that metabolic syndrome, which includes obesity and diabetes, leads to increased risks of dementia and cognitive decline. Factors such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and central obesity in metabolic syndrome are associated with synaptic failure, neuroinflammation, and imbalanced neurotransmitter levels, leading to the progression of dementia. Due to the positive correlation between diabetes and dementia, some studies have called it "type 3 diabetes". Recently, the number of patients with cognitive decline due to metabolic imbalances has considerably increased. In addition, recent studies have reported that neuropsychiatric issues such as anxiety, depressive behavior, and impaired attention are common factors in patients with metabolic disease and those with dementia. In the central nervous system (CNS), the amygdala is a central region that regulates emotional memory, mood disorders, anxiety, attention, and cognitive function. The connectivity of the amygdala with other brain regions, such as the hippocampus, and the activity of the amygdala contribute to diverse neuropathological and neuropsychiatric issues. Thus, this review summarizes the significant consequences of the critical roles of amygdala connectivity in both metabolic syndromes and dementia. Further studies on amygdala function in metabolic imbalance-related dementia are needed to treat neuropsychiatric problems in patients with this type of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Gruber J, Hanssen R, Qubad M, Bouzouina A, Schack V, Sochor H, Schiweck C, Aichholzer M, Matura S, Slattery DA, Zopf Y, Borgland SL, Reif A, Thanarajah SE. Impact of insulin and insulin resistance on brain dopamine signalling and reward processing- an underexplored mechanism in the pathophysiology of depression? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105179. [PMID: 37059404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the leading causes of disability worldwide and have a high comorbidity rate with fatal outcomes. Despite the long-established association between these conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Since the discovery of insulin receptors in the brain and the brain's reward system, evidence has accumulated indicating that insulin modulates dopaminergic (DA) signalling and reward behaviour. Here, we review the evidence from rodent and human studies, that insulin resistance directly alters central DA pathways, which may result in motivational deficits and depressive symptoms. Specifically, we first elaborate on the differential effects of insulin on DA signalling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) - the primary DA source region in the midbrain - and the striatum as well as its effects on behaviour. We then focus on the alterations induced by insulin deficiency and resistance. Finally, we review the impact of insulin resistance in DA pathways in promoting depressive symptoms and anhedonia on a molecular and epidemiological level and discuss its relevance for stratified treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Hanssen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Prevention Medicine, Germany
| | - Mishal Qubad
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aicha Bouzouina
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivi Schack
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Sochor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mareike Aichholzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yurdaguel Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Si Q, Guo J, Yang X, Guo Y, Wu L, Xie D, Jiang P. Systematic assessment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic metabolic alterations in rats using metabolomics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1107162. [PMID: 36761194 PMCID: PMC9902650 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 1 diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which negatively impacts multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, and its prevalence is on the rise. Prior reports primarily investigated the serum and urine specimen from diabetic patients. However, only a few studies examined the overall metabolic profile of diabetic animals or patients. The current systemic investigation will benefit the knowledge of STZ-based type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. METHODS Male SD rats were arbitrarily separated into control and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats (n = 7). The experimental rats received 50mg/kg STZ intraperitoneal injection daily for 2 consecutive days. Following 6 weeks, metabolites were assessed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and multivariate analysis was employed to screen for differentially expressed (DE) metabolites between the induced diabetic and normal rats. RESULTS We identified 18, 30, 6, 24, 34, 27, 27 and 12 DE metabolites in the serum, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, renal lipid, hippocampus, and brown fat tissues of STZ-treated diabetic rats, compared to control rats. Based on our analysis, the largest differences were observed in the amino acids (AAs), B-group vitamin, and purine profiles. Using the metabolic pathway analysis, we screened 13 metabolic pathways related to the STZ-exposed diabetes pathogenesis. These pathways were primarily AA metabolism, followed by organic acids, sugars, and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Based on our GC-MS analysis, we identified potential metabolic alterations within the STZ-exposed diabetic rats, which may aid in the understanding of diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Si
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Yujin Guo, ; Pei Jiang,
| | - Linlin Wu
- Office of Scientific Research Management, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Yujin Guo, ; Pei Jiang,
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de Lima Silva AHB, Radulski DR, Pereira GS, Acco A, Zanoveli JM. A single injection of pregabalin induces short- and long-term beneficial effects on fear memory and anxiety-like behavior in rats with experimental type-1 diabetes mellitus. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1095-1110. [PMID: 35239142 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) associated with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are increasingly common comorbidities and the treatment is quite challenging. In that sense, evidence indicates that the anticonvulsant pregabalin is highly effective in treating severe cases of anxiety, as well as PTSD and diabetic neuropathic pain which is also very prevalent in T1DM. Herein, the short- and long-term effects of a single injection of pregabalin on the acquisition of a fear extinction memory and parameters of anxiety in induced-T1DM animals were investigated. For that, we used the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and elevated plus maze paradigms, respectively. A putative antioxidant activity was also evaluated. Our findings demonstrated that induced-T1DM animals presented greater expression of fear memory, difficulty in extinguishing this fear memory, associated with a more pronounced anxiety-like response. Pregabalin was able to induce a short and long-lasting effect by facilitating the acquisition of the fear extinction memory and inducing a later anxiolytic-like effect. Also, the increased lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of induced-T1DM rats were reduced after pregabalin injection, while the decreased levels of reduced glutathione were increased in the hippocampus. Despite the need for more studies to understand the mechanism of action of pregabalin under these conditions, our data demonstrate for the first time that a single injection of pregabalin in a specific time window was able to improve behavioral parameters in addition to inducing neuroprotective effect. Thus, pregabalin has potential worth exploring for the treatment of PTSD and/or Anxiety associated with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Rasec Radulski
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Saidel Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janaina Menezes Zanoveli
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Sabry FM, Ibrahim MK, Hamed MR, Ahmed HMS. Neurobehavioral effects of alcohol in overcrowded male adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 731:135084. [PMID: 32485284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Being a critical neurodevelopmental stage that is affected by social conditions, the period of adolescence was chosen as the age of examining possible modification of alcohol neurobehavioral effects by overcrowding. Adolescent male rats (postnatal day 35±1) were subjected to overcrowding and/or injected with ethanol, 2 g/kg, 20% w/v, (i.p.) for one week. 24 h after the last dose, motor, exploratory behavior, sociability and fear responses were assessed using open field, social interaction and defensive probe burying tests, respectively. Wet brain tissue nitric oxide and reduced glutathione contents as well as monoamine levels, namely dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, in addition to 5-HIAA were estimated. Overcrowding increased social play and freezing time. Alcohol administration under overcrowding condition impaired sociability and interfered with active fear response. Alcohol in normal or in under overcrowding condition, impaired motor and exploratory behavior and increased anxiety. These results indicate that concomitant exposure of male adolescent rats to overcrowding and alcohol induced adverse behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Sabry
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt.
| | - Michael K Ibrahim
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - M Raouf Hamed
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - Helmy M Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Caliskan H, Akat F, Omercioglu G, Bastug G, Ficicilar H, Bastug M. Aerobic exercise has an anxiolytic effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Caliskan H, Akat F, Tatar Y, Zaloglu N, Dursun AD, Bastug M, Ficicilar H. Effects of exercise training on anxiety in diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Rebolledo-Solleiro D, Fernández-Guasti A. Influence of sex and estrous cycle on blood glucose levels, body weight gain, and depressive-like behavior in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:560-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Relationship between behavioral measures of anxiety and latent inhibition in mature rats. Learn Behav 2018; 47:59-65. [PMID: 29926398 PMCID: PMC6422955 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-018-0331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study adopted a novel approach to relating nonhuman and human studies of anxiety and latent inhibition, by exploring the degree to which rats’ “temperaments” in relation to anxiety predicted the development of latent inhibition. It investigated whether anxiety levels in one situation (i.e., an elevated-plus maze) involving 38 intact, mature rats, could predict performance on a latent inhibition task (i.e., an animal model of attention), and, thus, reproduce findings from human studies. Rats were subjected to two tasks: a novel within-subject, appetitive stimulus pre-exposure procedure, and an elevated-plus maze task. In the stimulus pre-exposure task, non-reinforced exposure to a light led to facilitation of conditioning (perceptual learning) during the first 3 days, and to retardation of conditioning (latent inhibition) during the last 5 days. In the elevated-plus maze task, moderate levels of anxiety were observed. Regression analyses revealed that anxiety levels (plus maze) were a significant predictor of latent inhibition (stimulus pre-exposure). Measures of locomotor activity did not predict performance on the latent inhibition task. Rats with moderate levels of anxiety had better performance in the late inhibition task than animals with low levels of anxiety. These data and the methodology have implications for understanding nonhuman models of schizophrenia, and for the design of studies investigating these issues with nonhumans.
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Rebolledo-Solleiro D, Roldán-Roldán G, Díaz D, Velasco M, Larqué C, Rico-Rosillo G, Vega-Robledo GB, Zambrano E, Hiriart M, Pérez de la Mora M. Increased anxiety-like behavior is associated with the metabolic syndrome in non-stressed rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176554. [PMID: 28463967 PMCID: PMC5413000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of signs that increases the risk to develop diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disease. In the last years, a growing interest to study the relationship between MS and psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, has emerged obtaining conflicting results. Diet-induced MS rat models have only examined the effects of high-fat or mixed cafeteria diets to a limited extent. We explored whether an anxiety-like behavior was associated with MS in non-stressed rats chronically submitted to a high-sucrose diet (20% sucrose in drinking water) using three different anxiety paradigms: the shock-probe/burying test (SPBT), the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and the open-field test (OFT). Behaviorally, the high-sucrose diet group showed an increase in burying behavior in the SPBT. Also, these animals displayed both avoidance to explore the central part of the arena and a significant increase in freezing behavior in the OFT and lack of effects in the EPM. Also, high-sucrose diet group showed signs of an MS-like condition: significant increases in body weight and body mass index, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Plasma leptin and resistin levels were also increased. No changes in plasma corticosterone levels were found. These results indicate that rats under a 24-weeks high-sucrose diet develop an MS associated with an anxiety-like behavior. Although the mechanisms underlying this behavioral outcome remain to be investigated, the role of leptin is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rebolledo-Solleiro
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (MPM); (DR-S)
| | - Gabriel Roldán-Roldán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Conducta, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Rico-Rosillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Bertha Vega-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez de la Mora
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (MPM); (DR-S)
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