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Zhao H, Zhou M, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wang Y. Recent advances in anxiety disorders: Focus on animal models and pathological mechanisms. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:559-572. [PMID: 38013621 PMCID: PMC10757213 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders have become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, and the incidence is increasing every year. They impose an extraordinary personal and socioeconomic burden. Anxiety disorders are influenced by multiple complex and interacting genetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors, which contribute to disruption or imbalance in homeostasis and eventually cause pathologic anxiety. The selection of a suitable animal model is important for the exploration of disease etiology and pathophysiology, and the development of new drugs. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of existing animal models of anxiety disorders is helpful to further study the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease. This review summarizes animal models and the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, and discusses the current research status to provide insights for further study of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Zhao
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Mi Zhou
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
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2
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Biosca-Brull J, Basaure P, Guardia-Escote L, Cabré M, Blanco J, Morales-Navas M, Sánchez-Santed F, Colomina MT. Environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos during gestation, APOE polymorphism and the risk on autistic-like behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116969. [PMID: 37659636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses several neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by communication and social impairment, as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. However, it can co-occur with other mental conditions such as anxiety. The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been linked to the increased prevalence of developmental disorders. Likewise, ASD has also been closely linked to a wide variety of genetic factors. The aims of the present investigation are to study how gestational CPF exposure and APOE polymorphism affects communication skills, early development and mid-term anxiety-like behaviors, as well as, changes in gene expression related to the cholinergic system. C57BL/6J and humanized apoE3 and apoE4 homozygous mice were exposed to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF through the diet, from gestational day (GD) 12-18. In addition, a group of C57BL/6J females were injected subcutaneously with 300 mg/kg/day of valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. This group was used as a positive control for studying some core and associated autism-like behaviors. Communication skills by means of ultrasonic vocalizations and physical/motor development were assessed during the preweaning period, whereas locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors and the gene expression of cholinergic elements were evaluated during adolescence. Our results showed that C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to CPF or VPA showed a decrease in body weight and a delay in eye opening. Communication and anxiety behavior were affected differently depending on treatment, while gene expression was altered by sex and treatment. In addition, none of the parameters evaluated in apoE transgenic mice exposed to CPF were affected, but there were differences between genotypes. Therefore, we suggest that prenatal CPF exposure and VPA produce divergent effects on communication and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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Jefferson SJ, Gregg I, Dibbs M, Liao C, Wu H, Davoudian PA, Woodburn SC, Wehrle PH, Sprouse JS, Sherwood AM, Kaye AP, Pittenger C, Kwan AC. 5-MeO-DMT modifies innate behaviors and promotes structural neural plasticity in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1257-1266. [PMID: 37015972 PMCID: PMC10354037 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics are gaining increasing interest as potential therapeutics for a range of mental illnesses. Compounds with short-lived subjective effects may be clinically useful because dosing time would be reduced, which may improve patient access. One short-acting psychedelic is 5-MeO-DMT, which has been associated with improvement in depression and anxiety symptoms in early phase clinical studies. However, relatively little is known about the behavioral and neural mechanisms of 5-MeO-DMT, particularly the durability of its long-term effects. Here we characterized the effects of 5-MeO-DMT on innate behaviors and dendritic architecture in mice. We showed that 5-MeO-DMT induces a dose-dependent increase in head-twitch response that is shorter in duration than that induced by psilocybin at all doses tested. 5-MeO-DMT also substantially suppresses social ultrasonic vocalizations produced during mating behavior. 5-MeO-DMT produces long-lasting increases in dendritic spine density in the mouse medial frontal cortex that are driven by an elevated rate of spine formation. However, unlike psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT did not affect the size of dendritic spines. These data provide insights into the behavioral and neural consequences underlying the action of 5-MeO-DMT and highlight similarities and differences with those of psilocybin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Jefferson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ian Gregg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Mark Dibbs
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Clara Liao
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Pasha A Davoudian
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Samuel C Woodburn
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patrick H Wehrle
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | | | - Alfred P Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD Clinical Neuroscience Division, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Becker M, Gorobets D, Shmerkin E, Weinstein-Fudim L, Pinhasov A, Ornoy A. Prenatal SAMe Treatment Changes via Epigenetic Mechanism/s USVs in Young Mice and Hippocampal Monoamines Turnover at Adulthood in a Mouse Model of Social Hierarchy and Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10721. [PMID: 37445911 PMCID: PMC10361211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of hippocampal monoamines and their related genes in the etiology and pathogenesis of depression-like behavior, particularly in impaired sociability traits and the meaning of changes in USVs emitted by pups, remains unknown. We assessed the effects of prenatal administration of S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) in Sub mice that exhibit depressive-like behavior on serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic metabolism and the activity of related genes in the hippocampus (HPC) in adulthood in comparison to saline-treated control Sub mice. During postnatal days 4 and 8, we recorded and analyzed the stress-induced USVs emitted by the pups and tried to understand how the changes in the USVs' calls may be related to the changes in the monoamines and the activity of related genes. The recordings of the USVs showed that SAMe induced a reduction in the emitted flat and one-frequency step-up call numbers in PND4 pups, whereas step-down type calls were significantly increased by SAMe in PND8 pups. The reduction in the number of calls induced by SAMe following separation from the mothers implies a reduction in anxiety, which is an additional sign of decreased depressive-like behavior. Prenatal SAMe increased the concentrations of serotonin in the HPC in both male and female mice without any change in the levels of 5HIAA. It also decreased the level of the dopamine metabolite DOPAC in females. There were no changes in the levels of norepinephrine and metabolites. Several changes in the expression of genes associated with monoamine metabolism were also induced by prenatal SAMe. The molecular and biochemical data obtained from the HPC studies are generally in accordance with our previously obtained data from the prefrontal cortex of similarly treated Sub mice on postnatal day 90. The changes in both monoamines and their gene expression observed 2-3 months after SAMe treatment are associated with the previously recorded behavioral improvement and seem to demonstrate that SAMe is effective via an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Becker
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Denis Gorobets
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Elena Shmerkin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Liza Weinstein-Fudim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology Hebrew, University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology Hebrew, University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Neuwirth LS, Verrengia MT, Harikinish-Murrary ZI, Orens JE, Lopez OE. Under or Absent Reporting of Light Stimuli in Testing of Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodents: The Need for Standardization. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912146. [PMID: 36061362 PMCID: PMC9428565 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral neuroscience tests such as the Light/Dark Test, the Open Field Test, the Elevated Plus Maze Test, and the Three Chamber Social Interaction Test have become both essential and widely used behavioral tests for transgenic and pre-clinical models for drug screening and testing. However, as fast as the field has evolved and the contemporaneous involvement of technology, little assessment of the literature has been done to ensure that these behavioral neuroscience tests that are crucial to pre-clinical testing have well-controlled ethological motivation by the use of lighting (i.e., Lux). In the present review paper, N = 420 manuscripts were examined from 2015 to 2019 as a sample set (i.e., n = ~20–22 publications per year) and it was found that only a meager n = 50 publications (i.e., 11.9% of the publications sampled) met the criteria for proper anxiogenic and anxiolytic Lux reported. These findings illustrate a serious concern that behavioral neuroscience papers are not being vetted properly at the journal review level and are being released into the literature and public domain making it difficult to assess the quality of the science being reported. This creates a real need for standardizing the use of Lux in all publications on behavioral neuroscience techniques within the field to ensure that contributions are meaningful, avoid unnecessary duplication, and ultimately would serve to create a more efficient process within the pre-clinical screening/testing for drugs that serve as anxiolytic compounds that would prove more useful than what prior decades of work have produced. It is suggested that improving the standardization of the use and reporting of Lux in behavioral neuroscience tests and the standardization of peer-review processes overseeing the proper documentation of these methodological approaches in manuscripts could serve to advance pre-clinical testing for effective anxiolytic drugs. This report serves to highlight this concern and proposes strategies to proactively remedy them as the field moves forward for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S. Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenz S. Neuwirth
| | - Michael T. Verrengia
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Zachary I. Harikinish-Murrary
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jessica E. Orens
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Oscar E. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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de Kort AR, Joosten EA, Patijn J, Tibboel D, van den Hoogen NJ. Selective Targeting of Serotonin 5-HT1a and 5-HT3 Receptors Attenuates Acute and Long-Term Hypersensitivity Associated With Neonatal Procedural Pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:872587. [PMID: 35571143 PMCID: PMC9091564 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.872587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal painful procedures causes acute pain and trigger long-term changes in nociceptive processing and anxiety behavior, highlighting the need for adequate analgesia during this critical time. Spinal serotonergic receptors 5-HT1a and 5-HT3 play an important role in modulating incoming nociceptive signals in neonates. The current study aims to attenuate acute and long-term hypersensitivity associated with neonatal procedural pain using ondansetron (a 5-HT3 antagonist) and buspirone (a 5-HT1a agonist) in a well-established rat model of repetitive needle pricking. Sprague-Dawley rat pups of both sexes received ondansetron (3 mg/kg), buspirone (3 mg/kg) or saline prior to repetitive needle pricks into the left hind-paw from postnatal day 0-7. Control animals received tactile stimulation or were left undisturbed. Acute, long-term, and post-operative mechanical sensitivity as well as adult anxiety were assessed. Neonatal 5-HT1a receptor agonism completely reverses acute hypersensitivity from P0-7. The increased duration of postoperative hypersensitivity after re-injury in adulthood is abolished by 5-HT3 receptor antagonism during neonatal repetitive needle pricking, without affecting baseline sensitivity. Moreover, 5-HT1a and 5-HT3 receptor modulation decreases adult state anxiety. Altogether, our data suggests that targeted pharmacological treatment based on the modulation of spinal serotonergic network via the 5-HT1a and 5-HT3 receptors in neonates may be of use in treatment of neonatal procedural pain and its long-term consequences. This may result in a new mechanism-based therapeutic venue in treatment of procedural pain in human neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R. de Kort
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elbert A. Joosten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jacob Patijn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nynke J. van den Hoogen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Lovick TA, Zangrossi H. Effect of Estrous Cycle on Behavior of Females in Rodent Tests of Anxiety. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711065. [PMID: 34531768 PMCID: PMC8438218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions e.g., premenstrual syndrome, are menstrual cycle specific. Animal models of fear and anxiety, which form the basis for research into drug treatments, have been developed almost exclusively, using males. There remains a paucity of work using females and the available literature presents a confusing picture. One confound is the estrous cycle in females, which some authors consider, but many do not. Importantly, there are no accepted standardized criteria for defining cycle phase, which is important given the rapidly changing hormonal profile during the 4-day cycle of rodents. Moreover, since many behavioral tests that involve a learning component or that consider extinction of a previously acquired association require several days to complete; the outcome may depend on the phase of the cycle on the days of training as well as on test days. In this article we consider responsiveness of females compared to males in a number of commonly used behavioral tests of anxiety and fear that were developed in male rodents. We conclude that females perform in a qualitatively similar manner to males in most tests although there may be sex and strain differences in sensitivity. Tests based on unconditioned threatening stimuli are significantly influenced by estrous cycle phase with animals displaying increased responsiveness in the late diestrus phase of the cycle (similar to the premenstrual phase in women). Tests that utilize conditioned fear paradigms, which involve a learning component appear to be less impacted by the estrous cycle although sex and cycle-related differences in responding can still be detected. Ethologically-relevant tests appear to have more translational value in females. However, even when sex differences in behavior are not detected, the same outward behavioral response may be mediated by different brain mechanisms. In order to progress basic research in the field of female psychiatry and psychopharmacology, there is a pressing need to validate and standardize experimental protocols for using female animal models of anxiety-related states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma A. Lovick
- Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hélio Zangrossi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Lorigooini Z, Nasiri Boroujeni S, Balali-Dehkordi S, Ebrahimi L, Bijad E, Rahimi-Madiseh M, Amini-Khoei H. Possible involvement of NMDA receptor in the anxiolytic-like effect of caffeic acid in mice model of maternal separation stress. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04833. [PMID: 32944669 PMCID: PMC7481568 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Anxiety disorders are one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. Common anti-anxiety medications are associated with several side effects. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound with several pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of CA in maternally separated (MS) mice focusing on the possible involvement of the NMDA receptor. Materials and methods In this study, we used the MS paradigm (as a valid animal model of anxiety) in male mice and examined their anxiety-like behavior in postnatal day (PND) 45. The animals were divided into 12 experimental groups. Mice treated with CA alone and in combination with the NMDA receptor agonist/antagonist and then using open field (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) anxiety-like behavior was assessed. Finally, the expression of NMDA receptor subtypes was assessed in the hippocampus using RT- PCR. Results Finding showed that CA exerted anxiolytic –like effects in the OFT and EPM tests. We showed that administration of effective dose of NMDA significantly reversed the anxiolytic-like effect of effective dose of CA and co-administration of ketamine (a NMDA receptor antagonist) significantly potentiated the effect of sub-effective dose of CA. Furthermore, ketamine enhanced the CA-reducing effect on NMDA receptors in the MS mice. Conclusion Our finding demonstrated that, probably at least, NMDA receptors are involved in the anxiety-like properties of CA in MS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shima Balali-Dehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Ebrahimi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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9
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Caruso A, Ricceri L, Scattoni ML. Ultrasonic vocalizations as a fundamental tool for early and adult behavioral phenotyping of Autism Spectrum Disorder rodent models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim J, Park M, Lee C, Ha JJ, Choi JS, Kim CH, Seok JH. Maladaptive Alterations of Defensive Response Following Developmental Complex Stress in Rats. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:412-422. [PMID: 32702220 PMCID: PMC7383007 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Despite the etiological significance of complex developmental trauma in adult personality disorders and treatment-resistant depression, neurobiological studies have been rare due to the lack of useful animal models. As a first step, we devised an animal model to investigate the effects of multiple trauma-like stress during different developmental periods. Methods Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into 3 groups based on the stress protocol: fear conditioning control (FCC, n = 6), complex stress (ComS, n = 9), and control (n = 6). While the ComS experienced three types of stress (maternal separation, juvenile isolation, electric foot shock), the FCC only experienced an electric foot shock stress and the control never experienced any. We compared fear responses at postnatal day (PND) 29 and PND 56 through freezing time per episode (FTpE), total freezing time (TFT), total freezing episodes (TFE), and ultrasonic vocalization (USV). Results ComS showed the longest FTpE in the conditioned fear response test. ComS and FCC exhibited the longer TFT and these two groups only displayed USV. ComS show difference TFE between PND 29 and PND 56. Conclusion The results of this investigation show that complex stress may affect not quantity of fear response but characteristics of fear response. Longer FTpE may be associated with tonic immobility which could be considered as a failed self-protective reaction and might be analogous to a sign of inappropriate coping strategy and self-dysregulation in complex trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chiheon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Ha
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Seek Choi
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Seok
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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