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Hui Y, Zhong Y, Kuang L, Xu J, Hao Y, Cao J, Zheng T. O-GlcNAcylation of circadian clock protein Bmal1 impairs cognitive function in diabetic mice. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00263-6. [PMID: 39375536 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal damage in the hippocampus induced by high glucose has been shown to promote the onset and development of cognitive impairment in diabetes, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Guided by single-cell RNA sequencing, we here report that high glucose increases O-GlcNAcylation of Bmal1 in hippocampal neurons. This glycosylation promotes the binding of Clock to Bmal1, resulting in the expression of transcription factor Bhlhe41 and its target Dnajb4. Upregulated Dnajb4 in turn leads to ubiquitination and degradation of the mitochondrial Na + /Ca2+ exchanger NCLX, thereby inducing mitochondrial calcium overload that causes neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in mice. Notably, Bhlhe41 downregulation or treatment with a short peptide that specifically blocks O-GlcNAcylation of Bmal1 on Ser424 mitigated these adverse effects in diabetic mouse models. These data highlight the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in circadian clock gene expression and may facilitate the design of targeted therapies for diabetes-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuanmei Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Liuyu Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 541199, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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Bret C, Desmots-Loyer F, Moreaux J, Fest T. BHLHE41, a transcriptional repressor involved in physiological processes and tumor development. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00973-3. [PMID: 39254779 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BHLHE41 is a nuclear transcriptional repressor that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix protein superfamily. BHLHE41 expression tends to be restricted to specific tissues and is regulated by environmental cues and biological events. BHLHE41 homodimerizes or heterodimerizes with various partners, influencing its transcription factor function. BHLHE41 is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes implicated in tissue/organ homeostasis, such as myogenesis, adipogenesis, circadian rhythms and DNA repair. At cellular level, BHLHE41 is involved in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell properties, tissue-specific macrophage functions and lymphoid lineage physiology. In several cancer types, BHLHE41 modulates the expression of different transcriptional programs influencing cell cycle control, apoptosis, invasiveness, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and hypoxia response in the tumor environment. Depending on the cancer cell type, BHLHE41 can act as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, and could be a target for innovative therapies. This review summarizes the available knowledge on BHLHE41 structure, biological functions, regulation and potential partners, as well as its role in physiological processes, and its implication in major cancer steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bret
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France.
- Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier and Nîmes, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France.
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, 34396, France.
| | - Fabienne Desmots-Loyer
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France.
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France.
- Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier and Nîmes, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France.
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, 34396, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Fest
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France.
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Ryabov NA, Volova LT, Alekseev DG, Kovaleva SA, Medvedeva TN, Vlasov MY. Mass Spectrometry of Collagen-Containing Allogeneic Human Bone Tissue Material. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1895. [PMID: 39000751 PMCID: PMC11244277 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The current paper highlights the active development of tissue engineering in the field of the biofabrication of living tissue analogues through 3D-bioprinting technology. The implementation of the latter is impossible without important products such as bioinks and their basic components, namely, hydrogels. In this regard, tissue engineers are searching for biomaterials to produce hydrogels with specified properties both in terms of their physical, mechanical and chemical properties and in terms of local biological effects following implantation into an organism. One of such effects is the provision of the optimal conditions for physiological reparative regeneration by the structural components that form the basis of the biomaterial. Therefore, qualitative assessment of the composition of the protein component of a biomaterial is a significant task in tissue engineering and bioprinting. It is important for predicting the behaviour of printed constructs in terms of their gradual resorption followed by tissue regeneration due to the formation of a new extracellular matrix. One of the most promising natural biomaterials with significant potential in the production of hydrogels and the bioinks based on them is the polymer collagen of allogeneic origin, which plays an important role in maintaining the structural and biological integrity of the extracellular matrix, as well as in the morphogenesis and cellular metabolism of tissues, giving them the required mechanical and biochemical properties. In tissue engineering, collagen is widely used as a basic biomaterial because of its availability, biocompatibility and facile combination with other materials. This manuscript presents the main results of a mass spectrometry analysis (proteomic assay) of the lyophilized hydrogel produced from the registered Lyoplast® bioimplant (allogeneic human bone tissue), which is promising in the field of biotechnology. Proteomic assays of the investigated lyophilized hydrogel sample showed the presence of structural proteins (six major collagen fibers of types I, II, IV, IX, XXVII, XXVIII were identified), extracellular matrix proteins, and mRNA-stabilizing proteins, which participate in the regulation of transcription, as well as inducer proteins that mediate the activation of regeneration, including the level of circadian rhythm. The research results offer a new perspective and indicate the significant potential of the lyophilized hydrogels as an effective alternative to synthetic and xenogeneic materials in regenerative medicine, particularly in the field of biotechnology, acting as a matrix and cell-containing component of bioinks for 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A. Ryabov
- Research Institute of Biotechnology “BioTech”, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443079 Samara, Russia; (N.A.R.); (L.T.V.); (M.Y.V.)
| | - Larisa T. Volova
- Research Institute of Biotechnology “BioTech”, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443079 Samara, Russia; (N.A.R.); (L.T.V.); (M.Y.V.)
| | - Denis G. Alekseev
- Research Institute of Biotechnology “BioTech”, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443079 Samara, Russia; (N.A.R.); (L.T.V.); (M.Y.V.)
| | - Svetlana A. Kovaleva
- Core Shared Research Facility “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana N. Medvedeva
- Research Institute of Biotechnology “BioTech”, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443079 Samara, Russia; (N.A.R.); (L.T.V.); (M.Y.V.)
| | - Mikhail Yu. Vlasov
- Research Institute of Biotechnology “BioTech”, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443079 Samara, Russia; (N.A.R.); (L.T.V.); (M.Y.V.)
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Brase L, Yu Y, McDade E, Harari O, Benitez BA. Comparative gene regulatory networks modulating APOE expression in microglia and astrocytes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.19.24306098. [PMID: 38699303 PMCID: PMC11065001 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.24306098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Single-cell technologies have unveiled various transcriptional states in different brain cell types. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the expression of related gene sets, thereby controlling these diverse expression states. Apolipoprotein E ( APOE ), a pivotal risk-modifying gene in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is expressed in specific glial transcriptional states associated with AD. However, it is still unknown whether the upstream regulatory programs that modulate its expression are shared across brain cell types or specific to microglia and astrocytes. Methods We used pySCENIC to construct state-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for resting and activated cell states within microglia and astrocytes based on single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from AD patients' cortices from the Knight ADRC-DIAN cohort. We then identified replicating TF using data from the ROSMAP cohort. We identified sets of genes co-regulated with APOE by clustering the GRN target genes and identifying genes differentially expressed after the virtual knockout of TFs regulating APOE . We performed enrichment analyses on these gene sets and evaluated their overlap with genes found in AD GWAS loci. Results We identified an average of 96 replicating regulators for each microglial and astrocyte cell state. Our analysis identified the CEBP, JUN, FOS, and FOXO TF families as key regulators of microglial APOE expression. The steroid/thyroid hormone receptor families, including the THR TF family, consistently regulated APOE across astrocyte states, while CEBP and JUN TF families were also involved in resting astrocytes. AD GWAS-associated genes ( PGRN , FCGR3A , CTSH , ABCA1 , MARCKS , CTSB , SQSTM1 , TSC22D4 , FCER1G , and HLA genes) are co-regulated with APOE. We also uncovered that APOE-regulating TFs were linked to circadian rhythm ( BHLHE40 , DBP , XBP1 , CREM , SREBF1 , FOXO3 , and NR2F1 ). Conclusions Our findings reveal a novel perspective on the transcriptional regulation of APOE in the human brain. We found a comprehensive and cell-type-specific regulatory landscape for APOE , revealing distinct and shared regulatory mechanisms across microglia and astrocytes, underscoring the complexity of APOE regulation. APOE -co-regulated genes might also affect AD risk. Furthermore, our study uncovers a potential link between circadian rhythm disruption and APOE regulation, shedding new light on the pathogenesis of AD.
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Pavithra S, Aich A, Chanda A, Zohra IF, Gawade P, Das RK. PER2 gene and its association with sleep-related disorders: A review. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114411. [PMID: 37981094 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The natural circadian rhythm in an individual governs the sleep-wake cycle over 24 h. Disruptions in this internal cycle can lead to major health hazards and sleep disorders. Reports suggest that at least 50 % of people worldwide suffer from sleep-related disorders. An increase in screen time, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, is one of the external causative factors for this condition. While many factors govern the circadian clock and its aberrance, the PER2 gene has been strongly linked to chronotypes by many researchers. The current paper provides an extensive examination of key Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the PER2 gene and their potential connection to four major types of sleep disorders. This study investigates whether these SNPs play a causative role in sleep disorders or if they are solely associated with these conditions. Additionally, we explore whether these genetic variations exert a lifelong influence on these sleep patterns or if external triggers contribute to the development of sleep disorders. This gene is a crucial regulator of the circadian cycle responsible for the transcription of other clock genes. It regulates a variety of physiological systems such as metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immunological, cardiovascular, and renal function. We aim to establish some clarity to the multifaceted nature of this gene, which is often overlooked, and seek to establish the mechanistic role of PER2 gene mutations in sleep disorders. This will improve further understanding, assessment, and treatment of these conditions in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pavithra
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular & Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adrija Aich
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Adrita Chanda
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ifsha Fatima Zohra
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Pranotee Gawade
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular & Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Liu M, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Feng T, Zhou Q, Tian X. Circadian clock and lipid metabolism disorders: a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1292011. [PMID: 38189049 PMCID: PMC10770836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has emphasized the interaction between the circadian clock and lipid metabolism, particularly in relation to tumors. This review aims to explore how the circadian clock regulates lipid metabolism and its impact on carcinogenesis. Specifically, targeting key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis (SREBP, ACLY, ACC, FASN, and SCD) has been identified as a potential strategy for cancer therapy. By disrupting these enzymes, it may be possible to inhibit tumor growth by interfering with lipid metabolism. Transcription factors, like SREBP play a significant role in regulating fatty acid synthesis which is influenced by circadian clock genes such as BMAL1, REV-ERB and DEC. This suggests a strong connection between fatty acid synthesis and the circadian clock. Therefore, successful combination therapy should target fatty acid synthesis in addition to considering the timing and duration of drug use. Ultimately, personalized chronotherapy can enhance drug efficacy in cancer treatment and achieve treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Feng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Civelek E, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Kaleli Durman D, Okyar A. Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1077. [PMID: 37626963 PMCID: PMC10452180 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential for survival and reproduction, the circadian timing system (CTS) regulates adaptation to cyclical changes such as the light/dark cycle, temperature change, and food availability. The regulation of energy homeostasis possesses rhythmic properties that correspond to constantly fluctuating needs for energy production and consumption. Adipose tissue is mainly responsible for energy storage and, thus, operates as one of the principal components of energy homeostasis regulation. In accordance with its roles in energy homeostasis, alterations in adipose tissue's physiological processes are associated with numerous pathologies, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These alterations also include changes in circadian rhythm. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the circadian rhythmicity of adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipokine secretion, browning, and non-shivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue and to evaluate possible links between those alterations and metabolic diseases. Based on this evaluation, potential therapeutic approaches, as well as clock genes as potential therapeutic targets, are also discussed in the context of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Deniz Kaleli Durman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
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Mao T, Chen W, Xiong H, Wang C, Yang L, Hu X, Xia K, Wang Z, Su T. DEC1 is a potential marker of early metastasis in Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102094. [PMID: 37094538 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of differentiated embryonic-chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1) in early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study collected normal oral mucosas (NOM) and OSCC tissues from Xiangya Hospital for immunohistochemistry to detect the expressions of DEC1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related molecules. Correlation analysis between the expressions of the cytoplasmic DEC1 and EMT-related molecules was performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to estimate Recurrence-free survival (RFS). After knocking down DEC1, cell migration and the expressions of EMT-related molecules were evaluated in HN6 cells by cell scratch assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that the subcellular location of DEC1 expression was different between OSCC and NOM tissues. The cytoplasmic expression of DEC1 in OSCC tissues was significantly higher than in NOM tissues, and its expression was highest in early OSCC patients with metastasis. In addition, the cytoplasmic DEC1 was negatively correlated with the E-cadherin and β-catenin, but positively correlated with the N-cadherin in OSCC and NOM tissues. In vitro assays showed that DEC1 knockdown inhibited cell migration and EMT in HN6 cells. CONCLUSION DEC1 could serve as a potential predictive marker for early OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Stomatology, The first hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haofeng Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liudi Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zijia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Iwata T, Kaneda-Ikeda E, Takahashi K, Takeda K, Nagahara T, Kajiya M, Sasaki S, Ishida S, Yoshioka M, Matsuda S, Ouhara K, Fujita T, Kurihara H, Mizuno N. Regulation of osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via histone deacetylase 1 and 2 co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:83-96. [PMID: 36346011 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) differentiation mediated by humoral factors derived from human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). We analyzed histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and activity involved in BM-MSC differentiation and determined their regulatory effects in co-cultures of BM-MSCs with HPL cells or HGFs. BACKGROUND BM-MSCs can differentiate into various cell types and can, thus, be used in periodontal regenerative therapy. However, the mechanism underlying their differentiation remains unclear. Transplanted BM-MSCs are affected by periodontal cells via direct contact or secretion of humoral factors. Therefore, their activity is regulated by humoral factors derived from HPL cells or HGFs. METHODS BM-MSCs were indirectly co-cultured with HPL cells or HGFs under osteogenic or growth conditions and then analyzed for osteogenesis, HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression and activity, and histone H3 acetylation. BM-MSCs were treated with trichostatin A, or their HDAC1 or HDAC2 expression was silenced or overexpressed during osteogenesis. Subsequently, they were evaluated for osteogenesis or the effects of HDAC activity. RESULTS BM-MSCs co-cultured with HPL cells or HGFs showed suppressed osteogenesis, HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression, and HDAC phosphorylation; however, histone H3 acetylation was enhanced. Trichostatin A treatment remarkably suppressed osteogenesis, decreasing HDAC expression and enhancing histone H3 acetylation. HDAC1 and HDAC2 silencing negatively regulated osteogenesis in BM-MSCs to the same extent as that achieved by indirect co-culture with HPL cells or HGFs. Conversely, their overexpression positively regulated osteogenesis in BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION The suppressive effects of HPL cells and HGFs on BM-MSC osteogenesis were regulated by HDAC expression and histone H3 acetylation to a greater extent than that mediated by HDAC activity. Therefore, regulation of HDAC expression has prospects in clinical applications for effective periodontal regeneration, mainly, bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eri Kaneda-Ikeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Biological Endodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nagahara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shu Ishida
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minami Yoshioka
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Wang CY, Qiu ZJ, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte Expressed Gene1 and Parkinson's Disease: New Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2251-2265. [PMID: 37132111 PMCID: PMC10556388 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230502123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1 (DEC1), an important transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is ubiquitously expressed in both human embryonic and adult tissues. DEC1 is involved in neural differentiation and neural maturation in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that DEC1 protects against Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immune system, and glucose metabolism disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the role of DEC1 in the pathogenesis of PD and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PD and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Qiu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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11
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Sanford ABA, da Cunha LS, Machado CB, de Pinho Pessoa FMC, Silva ANDS, Ribeiro RM, Moreira FC, de Moraes Filho MO, de Moraes MEA, de Souza LEB, Khayat AS, Moreira-Nunes CA. Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Leukemia Development: The Role of Clock Genes as Promising Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158212. [PMID: 35897788 PMCID: PMC9332415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock (CC) is a daily system that regulates the oscillations of physiological processes and can respond to the external environment in order to maintain internal homeostasis. For the functioning of the CC, the clock genes (CG) act in different metabolic pathways through the clock-controlled genes (CCG), providing cellular regulation. The CC’s interruption can result in the development of different diseases, such as neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, as well as cancer. Leukemias correspond to a group of malignancies of the blood and bone marrow that occur when alterations in normal cellular regulatory processes cause the uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. This review aimed to associate a deregulated CC with the manifestation of leukemia, looking for possible pathways involving CG and their possible role as leukemic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Aguiar Sanford
- Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (A.B.A.S.); (L.S.d.C.)
| | - Leidivan Sousa da Cunha
- Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (A.B.A.S.); (L.S.d.C.)
| | - Caio Bezerra Machado
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (F.M.C.d.P.P.); (M.O.d.M.F.); (M.E.A.d.M.)
| | - Flávia Melo Cunha de Pinho Pessoa
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (F.M.C.d.P.P.); (M.O.d.M.F.); (M.E.A.d.M.)
| | - Abigail Nayara dos Santos Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.S.); (F.C.M.); (A.S.K.)
| | | | - Fabiano Cordeiro Moreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.S.); (F.C.M.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (F.M.C.d.P.P.); (M.O.d.M.F.); (M.E.A.d.M.)
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (F.M.C.d.P.P.); (M.O.d.M.F.); (M.E.A.d.M.)
| | - Lucas Eduardo Botelho de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, SP, Brazil;
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.S.); (F.C.M.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (A.B.A.S.); (L.S.d.C.)
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (F.M.C.d.P.P.); (M.O.d.M.F.); (M.E.A.d.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.S.); (F.C.M.); (A.S.K.)
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Itaperi Campus, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60740-903, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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12
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Becker-Krail DD, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. The Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens as Circadian Oscillators: Implications for Drug Abuse and Substance Use Disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:886704. [PMID: 35574492 PMCID: PMC9094703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms convergently evolved to allow for optimal synchronization of individuals’ physiological and behavioral processes with the Earth’s 24-h periodic cycling of environmental light and temperature. Whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered the primary pacemaker of the mammalian circadian system, many extra-SCN oscillatory brain regions have been identified to not only exhibit sustainable rhythms in circadian molecular clock function, but also rhythms in overall region activity/function and mediated behaviors. In this review, we present the most recent evidence for the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) to serve as extra-SCN oscillators and highlight studies that illustrate the functional significance of the VTA’s and NAc’s inherent circadian properties as they relate to reward-processing, drug abuse, and vulnerability to develop substance use disorders (SUDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius D Becker-Krail
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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13
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Haugg E, Borner J, Diedrich V, Herwig A. Comparative transcriptomics of the Djungarian hamster hypothalamus during short photoperiod acclimation and spontaneous torpor. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:443-459. [PMID: 34894101 PMCID: PMC8804604 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy-saving strategy of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus, Cricetidae) to overcome harsh environmental conditions comprises of behavioral, morphological, and physiological adjustments, including spontaneous daily torpor, a metabolic downstate. These acclimatizations are triggered by short photoperiod and orchestrated by the hypothalamus. Key mechanisms of long-term photoperiodic acclimatizations have partly been described, but specific mechanisms that acutely control torpor remain incomplete. Here, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis on hypothalamus of normometabolic hamsters in their summer- and winter-like state to enable us to identify changes in gene expression during photoperiodic acclimations. Comparing nontorpid and torpid hamsters may also be able to pin down mechanisms relevant for torpor control. A de novo assembled transcriptome of the hypothalamus was generated from hamsters acclimated to long photoperiod or to short photoperiod. The hamsters were sampled either during long photoperiod normothermia, short photoperiod normothermia, or short photoperiod-induced spontaneous torpor with a body temperature of 24.6 ± 1.0 °C, or. The mRNA-seq analysis revealed that 32 and 759 genes were differentially expressed during photoperiod or torpor, respectively. Biological processes were not enriched during photoperiodic acclimatization but were during torpor, where transcriptional and metabolic processes were reinforced. Most extremely regulated genes (those genes with |log2(FC)| > 2.0 and padj < 0.05 of a pairwise group comparison) underpinned the role of known key players in photoperiodic comparison, but these genes exhibit adaptive and protective adjustments during torpor. Targeted analyses of genes from potentially involved hypothalamic systems identified gene regulation of previously described torpor-relevant systems and a potential involvement of glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Haugg
- Institute of NeurobiologyUlm UniversityGermany
| | - Janus Borner
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUlm UniversityGermany
- Sackler Institute for Comparative GenomicsAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
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14
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PER2: a potential molecular marker for hematological malignancies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7587-7595. [PMID: 34642831 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a periodic change of organism according to the law of external environment, which is manifested in metabolism, cell proliferation, physiology and behavior. In recent years, the role of circadian genes in the occurrence and progression of hematological malignancies have been continuously demonstrated. PER2 is the core component of the circadian rhythm playing an important role in regulating the circadian rhythm of the biological clock. This review summarizes the research progress of PER2 in hematological malignancies, especially leukemia, in order to better understand its role in hematological malignancies, and provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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15
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CHRONO and DEC1/DEC2 compensate for lack of CRY1/CRY2 in expression of coherent circadian rhythm but not in generation of circadian oscillation in the neonatal mouse SCN. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19240. [PMID: 34584158 PMCID: PMC8479135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clock genes Cry1 and Cry2, inhibitory components of core molecular feedback loop, are regarded as critical molecules for the circadian rhythm generation in mammals. A double knockout of Cry1 and Cry2 abolishes the circadian behavioral rhythm in adult mice under constant darkness. However, robust circadian rhythms in PER2::LUC expression are detected in the cultured suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of Cry1/Cry2 deficient neonatal mice and restored in adult SCN by co-culture with wild-type neonatal SCN. These findings led us to postulate the compensatory molecule(s) for Cry1/Cry2 deficiency in circadian rhythm generation. We examined the roles of Chrono and Dec1/Dec2 proteins, the suppressors of Per(s) transcription similar to CRY(s). Unexpectedly, knockout of Chrono or Dec1/Dec2 in the Cry1/Cry2 deficient mice did not abolish but decoupled the coherent circadian rhythm into three different periodicities or significantly shortened the circadian period in neonatal SCN. DNA microarray analysis for the SCN of Cry1/Cry2 deficient mice revealed substantial increases in Per(s), Chrono and Dec(s) expression, indicating disinhibition of the transactivation by BMAL1/CLOCK. Here, we conclude that Chrono and Dec1/Dec2 do not compensate for absence of CRY1/CRY2 in the circadian rhythm generation but contribute to the coherent circadian rhythm expression in the neonatal mouse SCN most likely through integration of cellular circadian rhythms.
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16
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Wang X, Sato F, Tanimoto K, Rajeshwaran N, Thangavelu L, Makishima M, Bhawal UK. The Potential Roles of Dec1 and Dec2 in Periodontal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10349. [PMID: 34638690 PMCID: PMC8508764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is a common inflammatory disease associated with chronic inflammation that can ultimately lead to alveolar attachment loss and bone destruction. Understanding autophagy and pyroptosis has suggested their significant roles in inflammation. In recent years, studies of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed genes 1 and 2 (Dec1 and Dec2) have shown that they play important functions in autophagy and in pyroptosis, which contribute to the onset of periodontal inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of clock genes, including Dec1 and Dec2, that are related to periodontal inflammation and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan;
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan;
| | - Niveda Rajeshwaran
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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17
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Maity AK, Lee SC, Hu L, Bell-Pedersen D, Mallick BK, Sarkar TR. Circadian Gene Selection for Time-to-event Phenotype by Integrating CNV and RNAseq Data. CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SPONSORED BY THE CHEMOMETRICS SOCIETY 2021; 212:104276. [PMID: 35068632 PMCID: PMC8775911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2021.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endogenous circadian clock, which controls daily rhythms in the expression of at least half of the mammalian genome, has a major influence on cell physiology. Consequently, disruption of the circadian system is associated with wide range of diseases including cancer. While several circadian clock genes have been associated with cancer progression, little is known about the survival when two or more platforms are considered together. Our goal was to determine if survival outcomes are associated with circadian clock function. To accomplish this goal, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical survival model coupled with the global local shrinkage prior and applied this model to available RNASeq and Copy Number Variation data to select significant circadian genes associates with cancer progression. RESULTS Using a Bayesian shrinkage approach with the Bayesian accelerated failure time (AFT) model we showed the circadian clock associated gene DEC1 is positively correlated to survival outcome in breast cancer patients. The R package circgene implementing the methodology is available at https://github.com/MAITYA02/circgene. CONCLUSIONS The proposed Bayesian hierarchical model is the first shrinkage prior based model in its kind which integrates two omics platforms to identify the significant circadian gene for cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kumar Maity
- Early Clinical Development Oncology Statistics, Pfizer Inc., 10777 Science Center Drive, 92121 San Diego, USA
| | - Sang Chan Lee
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, 3143 TAMU, 77843 College Station, USA
| | - Linhan Hu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, 3143 TAMU, 77843 College Station, USA
| | | | - Bani K. Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, 3143 TAMU, 77843 College Station, USA
| | - Tapasree Roy Sarkar
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, 3143 TAMU, 77843 College Station, USA
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, 77843 College Station, USA
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18
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Pácha J, Balounová K, Soták M. Circadian regulation of transporter expression and implications for drug disposition. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 17:425-439. [PMID: 33353445 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1868438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Solute Carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters expressed in the intestine, liver, and kidney determine the absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs. In addition, most molecular and cellular processes show circadian rhythmicity controlled by circadian clocks that leads to diurnal variations in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs and affects their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.Area covered: This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the circadian rhythmicity of drug transporters and the molecular mechanisms of their circadian control. Evidence for coupling drug transporters to circadian oscillators and the plausible candidates conveying circadian clock signals to target drug transporters, particularly transcription factors operating as the output of clock genes, is discussed.Expert opinion: The circadian machinery has been demonstrated to interact with the uptake and efflux of various drug transporters. The evidence supports the concept that diurnal changes that affect drug transporters may influence the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. However, more systematic studies are required to better define the timing of pharmacologically important drug transporter regulation and determine tissue- and sex-dependent differences. Finally, the transfer of knowledge based on the results and conclusions obtained primarily from animal models will require careful validation before it is applied to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Balounová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Soták
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological systems that synchronize cellular circadian oscillators with the organism's daily feeding-fasting or rest-activity cycles in mammals. Circadian rhythms regulate nutrient absorption and utilization at the cellular level and are closely related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Bile acids are important modulators that facilitate nutrient absorption and regulate energy metabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the current connections and future perspectives between the circadian clock and bile acid metabolism as well as related metabolic diseases. Feeding and fasting cycles influence bile acid pool size and composition, and bile acid signaling can respond to acute lipid and glucose utilization and mediate energy balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms such as shift work, irregular diet, and gene mutations can contribute to altered bile acid metabolism and heighten obesity risk. High-fat diets, alcohol, and gene mutations related to bile acid signaling result in desynchronized circadian rhythms. Gut microbiome also plays a role in connecting circadian rhythms with bile acid metabolism. The underlying mechanism of how circadian rhythms interact with bile acid metabolism has not been fully explored. Sustaining bile acid homeostasis based on circadian rhythms may be a potential therapy to alleviate metabolic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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20
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Nam YH, Jeong SY, Kim YH, Rodriguez I, Nuankaew W, Bhawal UK, Hong BN, Kang TH. Anti-aging effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in differentiated embryo chondrocyte (DEC) knockout mice. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:183-190. [PMID: 33437170 PMCID: PMC7790900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian rhythm is the internal clock that controls sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, cognition, and several processes in the body, and its disruption has been associated with aging. The differentiated embryo chondrocyte (Dec) gene is related to circadian rhythm. To our knowledge, there are no reports of the relationship between dec gene expression and KRG effect. Therefore, we treated Dec gene knockout (KO) aging mice with KRG to study anti-aging related effects and possible mechanisms. Methods We evaluated KRG and expression of Dec genes in an ototoxicity model. Dec genes expression in livers of aging mice was further analyzed. Then, we assessed the effects of DEC KO on hearing function in mice by ABR. Finally, we performed DNA microarray to identify KRG-related gene expression changes in mouse liver and assessed the results using KEGG analysis. Results KRG decreased the expression of Dec genes in ototoxicity model, which may contribute to its anti-aging efficacy. Moreover, KRG suppressed Dec genes expression in liver of wild type indicating inhibition of senescence. ABR test indicated that KRG improved auditory function in aging mouse, demonstrating KRG efficacy on aging related diseases. Conclusion Finally, in KEGG analysis of 238 genes that were activated and 158 that were inhibited by KRG in DEC KO mice, activated genes were involved in proliferation signaling, mineral absorption, and PPAR signaling whereas the inhibited genes were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and peroxisomes. Our data indicate that inhibition of senescence-related Dec genes may explain the anti-aging efficacy of KRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Nam
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
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21
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Transcriptional Changes Involved in Atrophying Muscles during Prolonged Fasting in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175984. [PMID: 32825252 PMCID: PMC7503389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food deprivation resulting in muscle atrophy may be detrimental to health. To better understand how muscle mass is regulated during such a nutritional challenge, the current study deciphered muscle responses during phase 2 (P2, protein sparing) and phase 3 (P3, protein mobilization) of prolonged fasting in rats. This was done using transcriptomics analysis and a series of biochemistry measurements. The main findings highlight changes for plasma catabolic and anabolic stimuli, as well as for muscle transcriptome, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Changes were generally consistent with the intense use of lipids as fuels during P2. They also reflected increased muscle protein degradation and repressed synthesis, in a more marked manner during P3 than P2 compared to the fed state. Nevertheless, several unexpected changes appeared to be in favor of muscle protein synthesis during fasting, notably at the level of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, transcription and translation processes, and the response to oxidative stress. Such mechanisms might promote protein sparing during P2 and prepare the restoration of the protein compartment during P3 in anticipation of food intake for optimizing the effects of an upcoming refeeding, thereby promoting body maintenance and survival. Future studies should examine relevance of such targets for improving nitrogen balance during catabolic diseases.
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22
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Nikhil KL, Korge S, Kramer A. Heritable gene expression variability and stochasticity govern clonal heterogeneity in circadian period. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000792. [PMID: 32745129 PMCID: PMC7425987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A ubiquitous feature of the circadian clock across life forms is its organization as a network of cellular oscillators, with individual cellular oscillators within the network often exhibiting considerable heterogeneity in their intrinsic periods. The interaction of coupling and heterogeneity in circadian clock networks is hypothesized to influence clock’s entrainability, but our knowledge of mechanisms governing period heterogeneity within circadian clock networks remains largely elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the principles that underlie intercellular period variation in circadian clock networks (clonal period heterogeneity). To this end, we employed a laboratory selection approach and derived a panel of 25 clonal cell populations exhibiting circadian periods ranging from 22 to 28 h. We report that a single parent clone can produce progeny clones with a wide distribution of circadian periods, and this heterogeneity, in addition to being stochastically driven, has a heritable component. By quantifying the expression of 20 circadian clock and clock-associated genes across our clone panel, we found that inheritance of expression patterns in at least three clock genes might govern clonal period heterogeneity in circadian clock networks. Furthermore, we provide evidence suggesting that heritable epigenetic variation in gene expression regulation might underlie period heterogeneity. How do genetically identical cells exhibit a different circadian phenotype? This study reveals that a single parent clone can produce progeny with a wide distribution of circadian periods and that this heterogeneity, in addition to being stochastically driven, has a heritable component, likely via heritable epigenetic variation in gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Nikhil
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Korge
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Knoedler JR, Ávila-Mendoza J, Subramani A, Denver RJ. The Paralogous Krüppel-like Factors 9 and 13 Regulate the Mammalian Cellular Circadian Clock Output Gene Dbp. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:257-274. [PMID: 32241200 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420913205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An intricate transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) governs cellular circadian rhythms in mammals. Here, we report that the zinc finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is regulated by this TTFL, it associates in chromatin at the core circadian clock and clock-output genes, and it acts to modulate transcription of the clock-output gene Dbp. Our earlier genome-wide analysis of the mouse hippocampus-derived cell line HT22 showed that KLF9 associates in chromatin with Per1, Per3, Dbp, Tef, Bhlhe40, Bhlhe41, Nr1d1, and Nr1d2. Of the 3514 KLF9 peaks identified in HT22 cells, 1028 contain E-box sequences to which the transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 may bind, a frequency significantly greater than expected by chance. Klf9 mRNA showed circadian oscillation in synchronized HT22 cells, mouse hippocampus, and liver. At the clock-output gene Dbp, KLF9 exhibited circadian rhythmicity in its association in chromatin in HT22 cells and hippocampus. Forced expression of KLF9 in HT22 cells repressed basal Dbp transcription and strongly inhibited CLOCK+BMAL1-dependent transcriptional activation of a transfected Dbp reporter. Mutational analysis showed that this action of KLF9 depended on 2 intact KLF9-binding motifs within the Dbp locus that are in close proximity to E-boxes. Knockout of Klf9 or the paralogous gene Klf13 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in HT22 cells had no effect on Dbp expression, but combined knockout of both genes strongly impaired circadian Dbp mRNA oscillation. Like KLF9, KLF13 also showed association in chromatin with clock- and clock-output genes, and forced expression of KLF13 inhibited the actions of CLOCK+BMAL1 on Dbp transcription. Our results suggest novel and partly overlapping roles for KLF9 and KLF13 in modulating cellular circadian clock output by a mechanism involving direct interaction with the core TTFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Knoedler
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - José Ávila-Mendoza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arasakumar Subramani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert J Denver
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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24
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Noshiro M, Kawamoto T, Nakashima A, Ozaki N, Saeki M, Honda K, Fujimoto K, Kato Y. DEC1 regulates the rhythmic expression of PPARγ target genes involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue. Genes Cells 2020; 25:232-241. [PMID: 31991027 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor DEC1 interacts with the PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer, a master transcription factor for adipogenesis and lipogenesis, to suppress transcription from PPARγ target genes (Noshiro et al., Genes to Cells, 2018, 23:658-669). Because the expression of PPARγ and several of its target genes exhibits circadian rhythmicity in white adipose tissue (WAT), we examined the expression profiles of PPARγ target genes in wild-type and Dec1-/- mice. We found that the expression of PPARγ target genes responsible for lipid metabolism, including the synthesis of triacylglycerol from free fatty acids (FFAs), lipid storage and the lipolysis of triacylglycerol to FFAs, oscillates in a circadian manner in WAT. Moreover, DEC1 deficiency led to a marked increase in the expression of these genes at night (Zeitgeber times 16 and 22), resulting in disruption of circadian rhythms. Serum FFA levels in wild-type mice also showed circadian oscillations, but these were disrupted by DEC1 deficiency, leading to reduced FFA levels. These results suggest that PPARγ:RXRα and DEC1 cooperatively generate the circadian expression of PPARγ target genes through PPAR-responsive elements in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Writing Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Ozaki
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayumi Saeki
- Health Examination Center, Chugoku Rousai Hospital, Kure, Japan
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Kiss Z, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Non-circadian aspects of BHLHE40 cellular function in cancer. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:1-19. [PMID: 32577154 PMCID: PMC7289903 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While many genes specifically act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, others are tumor promoters or suppressors in a context-dependent manner. Here we will review the basic-helix-loop-helix (BHLH) protein BHLHE40, (also known as BHLHB2, STRA13, DEC1, or SHARP2) which is overexpressed in gastric, breast, and brain tumors; and downregulated in colorectal, esophageal, pancreatic and lung cancer. As a transcription factor, BHLHE40 is expressed in the nucleus, where it binds to target gene promoters containing the E-box hexanucleotide sequence, but can also be expressed in the cytoplasm, where it stabilizes cyclin E, preventing cyclin E-mediated DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In different organs BHLHE40 regulates different targets; hence may have different impacts on tumorigenesis. BHLHE40 promotes PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation in breast cancer, activating tumor progression, but suppresses STAT1 expression in clear cell carcinoma, triggering tumor suppression. Target specificity likely depends on cooperation with other transcription factors. BHLHE40 is activated in lung and esophageal carcinoma by the tumor suppressor p53 inducing senescence and suppressing tumor growth, but is also activated under hypoxic conditions by HIF-1α in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinomas, stimulating tumor progression. Thus, BHLHE40 is a multi-functional protein that mediates the promotion or suppression of cancer in a context dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Kiss
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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26
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Oh HYP, Visvalingam V, Wahli W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology. FASEB J 2019; 33:9706-9730. [PMID: 31237779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802681rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gut is colonized by commensal microorganisms, predominately bacteria that have coevolved in symbiosis with their host. The gut microbiota has been extensively studied in recent years, and many important findings on how it can regulate host metabolism have been unraveled. In healthy individuals, feeding timing and type of food can influence not only the composition but also the circadian oscillation of the gut microbiota. Host feeding habits thus influence the type of microbe-derived metabolites produced and their concentrations throughout the day. These microbe-derived metabolites influence many aspects of host physiology, including energy metabolism and circadian rhythm. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate various metabolic processes such as fatty acid metabolism. Similar to the gut microbiota, PPAR expression in various organs oscillates diurnally, and studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence PPAR activities in various metabolic organs. For example, short-chain fatty acids, the most abundant type of metabolites produced by anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut microbiota, are PPAR agonists. In this review, we highlight how the gut microbiota can regulate PPARs in key metabolic organs, namely, in the intestines, liver, and muscle. Knowing that the gut microbiota impacts metabolism and is altered in individuals with metabolic diseases might allow treatment of these patients using noninvasive procedures such as gut microbiota manipulation.-Oh, H. Y. P., Visvalingam, V., Wahli, W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun Penny Oh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Vivegan Visvalingam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Shi D, Chen J, Wang J, Yao J, Huang Y, Zhang G, Bao Z. Circadian Clock Genes in the Metabolism of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:423. [PMID: 31139087 PMCID: PMC6517678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake. Circadian rhythms can participate in lipid, glucose, and cholesterol metabolism and are closely related to metabolism seen in this disease. Circadian clock genes can modulate liver lipid metabolism. Desynchrony of circadian rhythms and the influences imparted by external environmental stimuli can increase morbidity. By contrast, synchronizing circadian rhythms can help to alleviate the metabolic disturbance seen in NAFLD. In this review, we have discussed the current research connections that exist between the circadian clock and the metabolism of NAFLD, and we have specifically focused on the key circadian clock genes, Bmal1, Clock, Rev-Erbs, Rors, Pers, Crys, Nocturnin, and DECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gansheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Single cell RNA-sequencing identified Dec2 as a suppressive factor for spermatogonial differentiation by inhibiting Sohlh1 expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6063. [PMID: 30988352 PMCID: PMC6465314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonocyte-to-spermatogonia transition is a critical fate determination process to initiate sperm production throughout the lifecycle. However, the molecular dynamics of this process has not been fully elucidated mainly due to the asynchronized differentiation stages of neonatal germ cells. In this study, we employed single cell RNA sequencing analyses of P1.5–5.5 germ cells to clarify the temporal dynamics of gene expression during gonocyte-to-spermatogonia transition. The analyses identified transcriptional modules, one of which regulates spermatogonial gene network in neonatal germ cells. Among them, we identified Dec2, a bHLH-type transcription factor, as a transcriptional repressor for a spermatogonial differentiation factor Sohlh1. Deficiency of Dec2 in mice induces significant reduction of undifferentiated spermatogonia, and transplantation assay using Dec2-depleted cells also demonstrated the impaired efficiency of engraftment, suggesting its role in maintaining spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Collectively, this study revealed the intrinsic role of a new SSC factor Dec2, which protects germ cells from inadequate differentiation during neonatal testis development.
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29
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Sato F, Otsuka T, Kohsaka A, Le HT, Bhawal UK, Muragaki Y. Smad3 Suppresses Epithelial Cell Migration and Proliferation via the Clock Gene Dec1, Which Negatively Regulates the Expression of Clock Genes Dec2 and Per1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:773-783. [PMID: 30664860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smad3 has circadian expression; however, whether Smad3 affects the expression of clock genes is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms between Smad3 and the clock genes Dec1, Dec2, and Per1. In Smad3 knockout mice, the amplitude of locomotor activity was decreased, and Dec1 expression was decreased in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, liver, kidney, and tongue compared with control mice. Conversely, Dec2 and Per1 expression was increased compared with that of control mice. In Smad3 knockout mice, immunohistochemical staining revealed that Dec1 expression decreased, whereas Dec2 and Per1 expression increased in the endothelial cells of the kidney and liver. In NIH3T3 cells, Smad3 overexpression increased Dec1 expression, but decreased Dec2 and Per1 expression. In a wound-healing experiment that used Smad3 knockout mice, Dec1 expression decreased in the basal cells of squamous epithelium, promoting wound healing of the mucosa. Finally, the migration and proliferation of Smad3 knockdown squamous carcinoma cells was suppressed by Dec1 overexpression but was promoted by Dec2 overexpression. Dec1 overexpression decreased E-cadherin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, whereas these expression levels were increased by Dec2 overexpression. These results suggest Smad3 is relevant to circadian rhythm and regulates cell migration and proliferation through Dec1, Dec2, and Per1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Kohsaka
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hue Thi Le
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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30
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Nakashima A, Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Ueno T, Doi S, Honda K, Maruhashi T, Noma K, Honma S, Masaki T, Higashi Y, Kato Y. Dec1 and CLOCK Regulate Na +/K +-ATPase β1 Subunit Expression and Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2018; 72:746-754. [PMID: 30012868 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure shows a circadian rhythm, and recent studies have suggested the involvement of a molecular clock system in its control. In the clock system, the CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput):BMAL1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1) heterodimer enhances promoter activity of clock genes, and DEC1 (BHLHE40/STRA13/SHARP-2) represses CLOCK/BMAL1-enhanced promoter activity through competition for binding to the clock element, CACGTG E-box. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this system regulates blood pressure remain unclear. Here, we show that DEC1 suppressed the expression of ATP1B1, which encodes the β1 subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase and elevated blood pressure. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip analyses, we found that DEC1 and CLOCK bound to E-boxes in the ATP1B1 promoter. Luciferase assays revealed that CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer enhanced transcription from the ATP1B1 promoter, whereas DEC1 suppressed this transactivation. Accordingly, Atp1b1 mRNA and protein levels in mouse kidney, aorta, and heart showed a circadian rhythm that was antiphasic to the blood pressure rhythm. Furthermore, Dec1-deficient mice showed enhanced Atp1b1 expression in these tissues and reduced blood pressure. In contrast, Clock-mutant mice showed reduced Atp1b1 expression and elevated blood pressure. Our results raise the possibility that transcriptional regulation of Atp1b1 by DEC1 and CLOCK:BMAL1 contributes to blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Nakashima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine (A.N.)
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | | | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (T. Maruhashi), Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (S.H.)
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
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31
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Noshiro M, Kawamoto T, Nakashima A, Ozaki N, Ueno T, Saeki M, Honda K, Fujimoto K, Kato Y. Deficiency of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor DEC1 prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Genes Cells 2018; 23:658-669. [PMID: 29968353 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries resulting from increased food intake and decreased energy consumption and usually associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Here, we show that DEC1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays an important role in the regulation of lipid consumption in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is the major site of thermogenesis. Homozygous Dec1 deletion attenuated high-fat-diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, fat volume and hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, DEC1 deficiency increased body temperature during daytime and enhanced the expression of uncoupler protein 1, a key factor of thermogenesis, and various lipolysis-related genes in interscapular BAT. In vitro experiments suggested that DEC1 suppresses the expression of various lipolysis-related genes induced by the heterodimer of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) through direct binding to RXRα. These observations suggest that enhanced lipolysis in BAT caused by DEC1 deficiency leads to an increase in lipid consumption, thereby decreasing lipid accumulation in adipose tissues and the liver. Thus, DEC1 may serve as an energy-saving factor that suppresses lipid consumption, which may be relevant to managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Writing Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Ozaki
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ueno
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayumi Saeki
- Health Examination Center, Chugoku Rousai Hospital, Kure, Japan
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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32
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Abstract
The daily rhythm of mammalian energy metabolism is subject to the circadian clock system, which is made up of the molecular clock machinery residing in nearly all cells throughout the body. The clock genes have been revealed not only to form the molecular clock but also to function as a mediator that regulates both circadian and metabolic functions. While the circadian signals generated by clock genes produce metabolic rhythms, clock gene function is tightly coupled to fundamental metabolic processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, defects in the clock genes not only result in the dysregulation of physiological rhythms but also induce metabolic disorders including diabetes and obesity. Among the clock genes, Dec1 (Bhlhe40/Stra13/Sharp2), Dec2 (Bhlhe41/Sharp1), and Bmal1 (Mop3/Arntl) have been shown to be particularly relevant to the regulation of energy metabolism at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. This paper reviews our current knowledge of the roles of Dec1, Dec2, and Bmal1 in coordinating the circadian and metabolic pathways.
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Differentiated embryo chondrocyte plays a crucial role in DNA damage response via transcriptional regulation under hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192136. [PMID: 29466367 PMCID: PMC5821451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia contributes to a biologically aggressive phenotype and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have revealed that hypoxia reduces expression of several DNA damage recognition and repair (DRR) genes via both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-independent and -dependent pathways, and this induced genomic instability in cancer cells. We show here that one of the HIF-target genes—differentiated embryo chondrocyte (DEC)—plays a role in DNA damage response via transcriptional repression. Comprehensive gene expression and database analyses have revealed systemic repression of DNA-DRR genes in cancer and non-cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic repression in typical cases was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and promoter reporter experiments, and knockdown experiments indicated the critical role of DEC2 in such repression. Assessment of histone H2AX phosphorylation revealed that recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by bleomycin or γ-ray irradiation were attenuated; moreover, Cleaved Caspase-3 levels were decreased with pre-conditioning under hypoxia: opposing phenomena were ascertained by knockdown of DEC2. Finally, pre-conditioning under hypoxia decreased the sensitivity of cancer cells to DSBs, and knockdown of DEC2 increased γ-ray sensitivity. These data imply that a critical reduction of DNA-DRR occurs via DEC-dependent transcriptional repression and suggest that DEC is a potential molecular target for anti-cancer strategies.
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Hiramoto K, Yamate Y, Yokoyama S. Ultraviolet A Eye Irradiation Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis via p53 and Clock Gene Proteins in NC/Nga Mice. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:378-383. [PMID: 29105092 DOI: 10.1111/php.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread chronic skin condition that severely affects quality of life and can lead to more serious complications. Although ultraviolet (UV)A eye irradiation can exert various effects on the skin, it is unknown whether UVA can affect AD. To investigate potential associations, we used an NC/Nga mouse model of AD to study the effects of UVA eye irradiation. The eyes of mice were irradiated with a UVA dose of 100 kJ m-2 using a FL20SBLB-A lamp. Our histological data demonstrated that AD symptoms could be ameliorated by UVA eye irradiation. We also observed an increase in the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), p53 and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) in mice with UVA-irradiated eyes. In contrast, the levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), period 2 (PER2) and differentiated embryo chondrocytes 1 (DEC1) protein were decreased in mice treated with UVA irradiation. Furthermore, UVA eye-irradiated mice exhibited reduced DEC1 and RXRα colocalization compared with nonirradiated mice. These results suggested that p53 and various clock gene proteins played important roles in the amelioration of AD symptoms observed after UVA eye irradiation; this technique may have therapeutic applications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Yurika Yamate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Abstract
The expression of clock genes ARNTL2, NPAS2 and DEC2 are disturbed in rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease with circadian variation of symptoms. We have shown that TNF is a potent inducer of these genes. We investigated the regulation of ARNTL2 and NPAS2 by TNF and elucidated their effect on other clock gene expressions. Additionally, we studied the effect of DEC1 and DEC2 on ARNTL, ARNTL2 and NPAS2. Cultured primary human fibroblasts were stimulated with TNF and the effects on ARNTL2 and NPAS2 were studied with RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. The role of NF-κB was analyzed using IKK-2 inhibitor IMD-0354. TNF promoted ARNTL2 localization into the nuclei. Similar to DEC2, the effects of TNF on ARNTL2 and NPAS2 expressions were mediated via NF-κB. Cloned ARNTL, ARNTL2, NPAS2, DEC1 and DEC2 were transfected into HEK293. The ARNTL2/NPAS2 dimer was a weaker inducer of PER3 and DBP than ARNTL/NPAS2. ARNTL2 and NPAS2 are regulated by TNF via the same mechanism as DEC2. Compared to their paralogs they have unique effects on other circadian components. Our data suggest that these genes are responsible, at least in fibroblasts, for the accurate adaptation of circadian timekeeping in individual cells during inflammation.
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Srivastav S, Walitza S, Grünblatt E. Emerging role of miRNA in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:49-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12402-017-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Bouchard-Cannon P, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Pastore S, Cheng HYM. Molecular modulators of the circadian clock: lessons from flies and mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1035-1059. [PMID: 27689221 PMCID: PMC11107503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping is a ubiquitous mechanism that enables organisms to maintain temporal coordination between internal biological processes and time of the local environment. The molecular basis of circadian rhythms lies in a set of transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) that drives the rhythmic transcription of core clock genes, whose level and phase of expression serve as the marker of circadian time. However, it has become increasingly evident that additional regulatory mechanisms impinge upon the TTFLs to govern the properties and behavior of the circadian clock. Such mechanisms include changes in chromatin architecture, interactions with other transcription factor networks, post-transcriptional control by RNA modifications, alternative splicing and microRNAs, and post-translational regulation of subcellular trafficking and protein degradation. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of circadian clock regulation-from transcriptional to post-translational-drawing from literature pertaining to the Drosophila and murine circadian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Pascale Bouchard-Cannon
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Stephen Pastore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
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Gorski JP, Price JL. Bone muscle crosstalk targets muscle regeneration pathway regulated by core circadian transcriptional repressors DEC1 and DEC2. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:850. [PMID: 27867498 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of proprotein convertase Mbtps1 in bone osteocytes leads to a significant postnatal increase in skeletal muscle size and contractile function, while causing only a 25% increase in stiffness in long bones. Concerns about leakiness in skeletal muscle were discounted since Cre recombinase expression does not account for our findings, and, Mbtps1 protein and mRNA is not deleted. Interestingly, the response of normal skeletal muscle to exercise and the regenerative response of skeletal muscle to the deletion of Mbtps1 in bone share some key regulatory features including a preference for slow twitch muscle fibers. In addition, transcriptional regulators PPAR, PGC-1α, LXR, and repressors DEC1 and DEC2 all occupy central positions within these two pathways. We hypothesize that the age-dependent muscle phenotype in Dmp1-Cre Mbtps1 cKO mice is due to bone→muscle crosstalk. Many of the myogenic genes altered in this larger and functionally improved muscle are regulated by circadian core transcriptional repressors DEC1 and DEC2, and furthermore, display a temporal coordination with Dec1 and Dec2 expression consistent with a regulatory co-dependency. These considerations lead us to propose that Dmp1-Cre Mbtps1 cKO osteocytes activate myogenesis by increased release of an activator of muscle PPAR-gamma, for example, PGE2 or sphingosine-1-P, or, by diminished release of an inhibitor of LXR, for example, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. We hope that further investigation of these interacting pathways in the Dmp1-Cre Mbtps1 cKO model will lead to clinically translatable findings applicable to age-related sarcopenia and other muscle wasting syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Gorski
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry , Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Price
- School of Biological Sciences University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, MO, USA
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Zhou J, Yu W, Hardin PE. CLOCKWORK ORANGE Enhances PERIOD Mediated Rhythms in Transcriptional Repression by Antagonizing E-box Binding by CLOCK-CYCLE. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006430. [PMID: 27814361 PMCID: PMC5096704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila circadian oscillator controls daily rhythms in physiology, metabolism and behavior via transcriptional feedback loops. CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) heterodimers initiate feedback loop function by binding E-box elements to activate per and tim transcription. PER-TIM heterodimers then accumulate, bind CLK-CYC to inhibit transcription, and are ultimately degraded to enable the next round of transcription. The timing of transcriptional events in this feedback loop coincide with, and are controlled by, rhythms in CLK-CYC binding to E-boxes. PER rhythmically binds CLK-CYC to initiate transcriptional repression, and subsequently promotes the removal of CLK-CYC from E-boxes. However, little is known about the mechanism by which CLK-CYC is removed from DNA. Previous studies demonstrated that the transcription repressor CLOCKWORK ORANGE (CWO) contributes to core feedback loop function by repressing per and tim transcription in cultured S2 cells and in flies. Here we show that CWO rhythmically binds E-boxes upstream of core clock genes in a reciprocal manner to CLK, thereby promoting PER-dependent removal of CLK-CYC from E-boxes, and maintaining repression until PER is degraded and CLK-CYC displaces CWO from E-boxes to initiate transcription. These results suggest a model in which CWO co-represses CLK-CYC transcriptional activity in conjunction with PER by competing for E-box binding once CLK-CYC-PER complexes have formed. Given that CWO orthologs DEC1 and DEC2 also target E-boxes bound by CLOCK-BMAL1, a similar mechanism may operate in the mammalian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wangjie Yu
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Hardin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Butler MP, Honma S, Fukumoto T, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M, Kato Y, Honma KI. Dec1 and Dec2 Expression is Disrupted in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of Clock Mutant Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 19:126-34. [PMID: 15038852 DOI: 10.1177/0748730403262870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
DEC1 and DEC2 are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that functionally resemble negative feedback components of the mammalian circadian clock. The genes Dec1 and Dec2 are expressed rhythmically in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei, and Dec1 expression is stimulated by light in a timedependent manner with the kinetics of an immediate early gene. DEC1 and DEC2 can inhibit CLOCK:BMAL1 transactivation of the clock gene Per1, suggesting that these transcription factors may help regulate circadian timing. The authors present data on the expression pattern of Dec1 and Dec2 in wild-type and homozygous Clock mutant mice. In the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the Clock mutation significantly reduces the expression of Dec1 and Dec2. Dec1 becomes arrhythmic; Dec2 remains weakly rhythmic in a 12L:12D light-dark cycle but is arrhythmic in constant darkness. A robust attenuation of the Dec1 and Dec2 signals in Clock mutant mice was detected in all brain areas examined. These data point to up-regulation of Dec1 and Dec2 by Clock in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Preston Butler
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Noshiro M, Furukawa M, Honma S, Kawamoto T, Hamada T, Honma KI, Kato Y. Tissue-Specific Disruption of Rhythmic Expression of Dec1 and Dec2 in Clock Mutant Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 20:404-18. [PMID: 16267380 DOI: 10.1177/0748730405280195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
DEC1 and DEC2—basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors—exhibit a circadian expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other peripheral tissues and seem to play roles in regulating the mammalian circadian rhythm by suppressing the CLOCK/BMAL1-activated promoters of Per1, Dec1, and Dec2. The authors present data on the expression patterns of mRNA for Dec1, Dec2, Per2, Dbp, and Npas2 in various tissues of wild-type and homozygous Clock mutant mice ( Clock/ Clock). The Clock mutation resulted in extreme reduction of Dec1 expression in kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in liver, whereas it strongly repressed Dec2 expression in liver, kidney, and heart, while Dec2 expression in skeletal muscle remained rhythmic. Per2 also showed the tissue-dependent disruption of the rhythmicity by Clock mutation, whereas rhythmic expression of Dbp in Clock mutant mice disappeared in all tissues examined. Npas2, a structurally and functionally related gene to Clock, showed significant levels of expression in the liver and kidney with a robust rhythmicity, which was also affected by Clock mutation. These marked changes in the Dec1 and Dec2 expression, as well as in the Per2, Dbp, and Npas2 expression in the periphery by Clock mutation, indicated that CLOCK plays a major role in the expression of these genes in most tissues. However, circadian expression of Dec1 in liver and kidney and that of Dec2 in skeletal muscle of Clock mutant mice suggested that CLOCK-independent circadian regulation operates in some tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Sato F, Muragaki Y, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Kato Y, Zhang Y. Rhythmic expression of DEC2 protein in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:704-710. [PMID: 27284410 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor DEC2 (bHLHE41/Sharp1) is one of the clock genes that show a circadian rhythm in various tissues. DEC2 regulates differentiation, sleep length, tumor cell invasion and apoptosis. Although studies have been conducted on the rhythmic expression of DEC2 mRNA in various tissues, the precise molecular mechanism of DEC2 expression is poorly understood. In the present study, we examined whether DEC2 protein had a rhythmic expression. Western blot analysis for DEC2 protein revealed a rhythmic expression in mouse liver, lung and muscle and in MCF-7 and U2OS cells. In addition, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity (phosphorylation of AMPK) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited a rhythmic expression under the condition of medium change or glucose-depleted medium. However, the rhythmic expression of DEC2 in MEF gradually decreased in time under these conditions. The medium change affected the levels of DEC2 protein and phosphorylation of AMPK. In addition, the levels of DEC2 protein showed a rhythmic expression in vivo and in MCF-7 and U2OS cells. The results showed that the phosphorylation of AMPK immunoreactivity was strongly detected in the liver and lung of DEC2 knockout mice compared with that of wild-type mice. These results may provide new insights into rhythmic expression and the regulation between DEC2 protein and AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Peek GW, Tollefsbol TO. Down-regulation of hTERT and Cyclin D1 transcription via PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways in MCF-7 Cancer cells with PX-866 and Raloxifene. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:95-102. [PMID: 27017931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic and limiting component of telomerase and also a transcription factor. It is critical to the integrity of the ends of linear chromosomes and to the regulation, extent and rate of cell cycle progression in multicellular eukaryotes. The level of hTERT expression is essential to a wide range of bodily functions and to avoidance of disease conditions, such as cancer, that are mediated in part by aberrant level and regulation of cell cycle proliferation. Value of a gene in regulation depends on its ability to both receive input from multiple sources and transmit signals to multiple effectors. The expression of hTERT and the progression of the cell cycle have been shown to be regulated by an extensive network of gene products and signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways. The PI3K inhibitor PX-866 and the competitive estrogen receptor ligand raloxifene have been shown to modify progression of those pathways and, in combination, to decrease proliferation of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that combinations of modulators of those pathways decreased not only hTERT transcription but also transcription of additional essential cell cycle regulators such as Cyclin D1. By evaluating known expression profile signatures for TGF-β pathway diversions, we confirmed additional genes such as heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB EGF) by which those pathways and their perturbations may also modify cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Peek
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Sato F, Bhawal UK, Yoshimura T, Muragaki Y. DEC1 and DEC2 Crosstalk between Circadian Rhythm and Tumor Progression. J Cancer 2016; 7:153-9. [PMID: 26819638 PMCID: PMC4716847 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clock genes, major regulators of circadian rhythm, are involved in tumor progression. We have shown that clock genes basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factors, differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1/BHLHE40/Sharp2/Stra13) and DEC2 (BHLHE41/Sharp1) play important roles in circadian rhythm, cell proliferation, apoptosis, hypoxia response, various stresses, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Various stresses, such as exposure to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), hypoxia, cytokines, serum-free, and anti-tumor drugs affect DEC1 and DEC2 expression. An increased or decreased expression of DEC1 and DEC2 regulated tumor progression. However, DEC1 and DEC2 have opposite effects in tumor progression, where the reason behind remains unclear. We found that DEC2 has circadian expression in implanted mouse sarcoma cells, suggesting that DEC2 regulates tumor progression under circadian rhythm. In addition to that, we showed that DEC1 and DEC2 regulate target genes via positive or negative feedback system in tumor progression. We propose that DEC1 and DEC2 act as an accelerator or a brake in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize current progress of knowledge in the function of DEC1 and DEC2 genes in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimura
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Gorski JP, Huffman NT, Vallejo J, Brotto L, Chittur SV, Breggia A, Stern A, Huang J, Mo C, Seidah NG, Bonewald L, Brotto M. Deletion of Mbtps1 (Pcsk8, S1p, Ski-1) Gene in Osteocytes Stimulates Soleus Muscle Regeneration and Increased Size and Contractile Force with Age. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4308-22. [PMID: 26719336 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional deletion of Mbtps1 (cKO) protease in bone osteocytes leads to an age-related increase in mass (12%) and in contractile force (30%) in adult slow twitch soleus muscles (SOL) with no effect on fast twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles. Surprisingly, bone from 10-12-month-old cKO animals was indistinguishable from controls in size, density, and morphology except for a 25% increase in stiffness. cKO SOL exhibited increased expression of Pax7, Myog, Myod1, Notch, and Myh3 and 6-fold more centralized nuclei, characteristics of postnatal regenerating muscle, but only in type I myosin heavy chain-expressing cells. Increased expression of gene pathways mediating EGF receptor signaling, circadian exercise, striated muscle contraction, and lipid and carbohydrate oxidative metabolism were also observed in cKO SOL. This muscle phenotype was not observed in 3-month-old mice. Although Mbtps1 mRNA and protein expression was reduced in cKO bone osteocytes, no differences in Mbtps1 or cre recombinase expression were observed in cKO SOL, explaining this age-related phenotype. Understanding bone-muscle cross-talk may provide a fresh and novel approach to prevention and treatment of age-related muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P Gorski
- From the Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City Center of Excellence in the Study of Dental and Musculoskeletal Tissues, School of Dentistry,
| | - Nichole T Huffman
- From the Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City Center of Excellence in the Study of Dental and Musculoskeletal Tissues, School of Dentistry
| | - Julian Vallejo
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
| | | | - Amber Stern
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, Engineering Systems, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina 28277, and
| | - Jian Huang
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Chenglin Mo
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W IR7, Canada
| | - Lynda Bonewald
- From the Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City Center of Excellence in the Study of Dental and Musculoskeletal Tissues, School of Dentistry
| | - Marco Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
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Olkkonen J, Kouri VP, Hynninen J, Konttinen YT, Mandelin J. Differentially Expressed in Chondrocytes 2 (DEC2) Increases the Expression of IL-1β and Is Abundantly Present in Synovial Membrane in Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145279. [PMID: 26710124 PMCID: PMC4692547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have altered circadian rhythm of circulating serum cortisol, melatonin and IL-6, as well as disturbance in the expression of clock genes ARNTL2 and NPAS2. In humans, TNFα increases the expression ARNTL2 and NPAS2 but paradoxically suppresses clock output genes DPB and PER3. Our objective was to investigate the expression of direct clock suppressors DEC1 and DEC2 (BHLHE 40 and 41 proteins) in response to TNFα and investigate their role during inflammation. METHODS Cultured primary fibroblasts were stimulated with TNFα. Effects on DEC2 were studied using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. The role of NF-κB in DEC2 increase was analyzed using IKK-2 specific inhibitor IMD-0354. Cloned DEC2 was transfected into HEK293 cells to study its effects on gene expression. Transfections into primary human fibroblasts were used to confirm the results. The presence of DEC2 was analyzed in (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial membranes by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TNFα increased DEC2 mRNA and DEC2 was mainly detected at nuclei after the stimulus. The effects of TNFα on DEC2 expression were mediated via NF-κB. Overexpression, siRNA and promoter activity studies disclosed that DEC2 directly regulates IL-1β, in both HEK293 cells and primary human fibroblasts. DEC2 was increased in synovial membrane in RA compared to OA. CONCLUSION Not only ARNTL2 and NPAS2 but also DEC2 is regulated by TNFα in human fibroblasts. NF-κB mediates the effect on DEC2, which upregulates IL-1β. Circadian clock has a direct effect on inflammation in human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Olkkonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa-Petteri Kouri
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joel Hynninen
- ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yrjö T. Konttinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jami Mandelin
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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48
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Sato F, Muragaki Y, Zhang Y. DEC1 negatively regulates AMPK activity via LKB1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:711-6. [PMID: 26498531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor DEC1 (bHLHE40/Stra13/Sharp2) is one of the clock genes that show a circadian rhythm in various tissues. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity plays important roles in the metabolic process and in cell death induced by glucose depletion. Recent reports have shown that AMPK activity exhibited a circadian rhythm. However, little is known regarding the regulatory mechanisms involved in the circadian rhythm of AMPK activity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a direct correlation between DEC1 expression and AMPK activity. DEC1 protein and AMPK activity showed a circadian rhythm in the mouse liver with different peak levels. Knocking down DEC1 expression increased AMPK activity, whereas overexpression of DEC1 decreased it. Overexpressing the DEC1 basic mutants had little effect on the AMPK activity. DEC1 bound to the E-box of the LKB1 promoter, decreased LKB1 activity and total protein levels. There was an inverse relationship between DEC1 expression and AMPK activity. Our results suggest that DEC1 negatively regulates AMPK activity via LKB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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49
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Bi H, Li S, Qu X, Wang M, Bai X, Xu Z, Ao X, Jia Z, Jiang X, Yang Y, Wu H. DEC1 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation by stabilizing cyclin E protein and delays the progression of cell cycle S phase. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1891. [PMID: 26402517 PMCID: PMC4650443 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer that is accompanied by a high level of cyclin E expression usually exhibits poor prognosis and clinical outcome. Several factors are known to regulate the level of cyclin E during the cell cycle progression. The transcription factor DEC1 (also known as STRA13 and SHARP2) plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its role in cell proliferation is poorly understood. In this study, using the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D, we showed that DEC1 could inhibit the cell cycle progression of breast cancer cells independently of its transcriptional activity. The cell cycle-dependent timing of DEC1 overexpression could affect the progression of the cell cycle through regulating the level of cyclin E protein. DEC1 stabilized cyclin E at the protein level by interacting with cyclin E. Overexpression of DEC1 repressed the interaction between cyclin E and its E3 ligase Fbw7α, consequently reducing the level of polyunbiquitinated cyclin E and increased the accumulation of non-ubiquitinated cyclin E. Furthermore, DEC1 also promoted the nuclear accumulation of Cdk2 and the formation of cyclin E/Cdk2 complex, as well as upregulating the activity of the cyclin E/Cdk2 complex, which inhibited the subsequent association of cyclin A with Cdk2. This had the effect of prolonging the S phase and suppressing the growth of breast cancers in a mouse xenograft model. These events probably constitute the essential steps in DEC1-regulated cell proliferation, thus opening up the possibility of a protein-based molecular strategy for eliminating cancer cells that manifest a high-level expression of cyclin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - S Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Qu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - M Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Z Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Ao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Z Jia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X Jiang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Y Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - H Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
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50
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Cheng S, Liang X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Hou W, Li S, Zhang J, Wang Z. The circadian Clock gene regulates acrosin activity of sperm through serine protease inhibitor A3K. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:205-15. [PMID: 26264441 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215597199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that CLOCK knockdown in the testes of male mice led to a reduced fertility, which might be associated with the lower acrosin activity. In this present study, we examined the differential expression in proteins of CLOCK knockdown sperm. Clock gene expression was knocked down in cells to confirm those differentially expressions and serine protease inhibitor SERPINA3K was identified as a potential target. The up-regulated SERPINA3K revealed an inverse relationship with Clock knockdown. Direct treatment of normal sperm with recombinant SERPINA3K protein inhibited the acrosin activity and reduced in vitro fertilization rate. The luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the down-regulated of Clock gene could activate the Serpina3k promoter, but this activation was not affected by the mutation of E-box core sequence. Co-IP demonstrated a natural interaction between SERPIAN3K and RORs (α and β). Taken together, these results demonstrated that SERPINA3K is involved in the Clock gene-mediated male fertility by regulating acrosin activity and provide the first evidence that SERPINA3K could be regulated by Clock gene via retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cheng
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Liang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China Reproductive Medical Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanyou Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wang Hou
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Shiping Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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