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Mahmood T, Shahbaz A, Hussain N, Ali R, Bashir H, Rizwan K. Recent advancements in fusion protein technologies in oncotherapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123161. [PMID: 36610574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated, adaptable, and heterogeneous disease caused by a wide variety of genetic changes that might impair ability of cells to function normally. The majority of the tumors can only be shrunk using conventional oncology therapies like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection, and the tumor often recurs. The inability of conventional cancer therapies to completely destroy the Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) that otherwise lead to therapy resistance is thus addressed by therapeutic approaches that concentrate on targeting CSCs and their micro-environmental niche. In this review, we summarize approaches that are used for the development of fusion proteins and their therapeutic applications for treating cancer. The main purpose of making advancements towards the fusion technology instead of using conventional treatment methods is to achieve a prolonged half-life of the therapeutic drugs. The fusion of drugs to the immune response enhancing cytokines or the fusion of antibody and cytokines not only increases half-life but also increase the stability of the anti-tumor drug. Several molecules including different fragments of antibodies, cytokines, Human Serum Albumin, transferrin, XTEN polymers, Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can be employed as a fusion partner and the resulting fusion proteins are reported to show enhanced anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Areej Shahbaz
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rahat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Bashir
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.
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Dudkina EV, Ulyanova VV, Ilinskaya ON. Supramolecular Organization As a Factor of Ribonuclease Cytotoxicity. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:24-33. [PMID: 33173594 PMCID: PMC7604891 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the approaches used to eliminate tumor cells is directed destruction/modification of their RNA molecules. In this regard, ribonucleases (RNases) possess a therapeutic potential that remains largely unexplored. It is believed that the biological effects of secreted RNases, namely their antitumor and antiviral properties, derive from their catalytic activity. However, a number of recent studies have challenged the notion that the activity of RNases in the manifestation of selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells is exclusively an enzymatic one. In this review, we have analyzed available data on the cytotoxic effects of secreted RNases, which are not associated with their catalytic activity, and we have provided evidence that the most important factor in the selective apoptosis-inducing action of RNases is the structural organization of these enzymes, which determines how they interact with cell components. The new idea on the preponderant role of non-catalytic interactions between RNases and cancer cells in the manifestation of selective cytotoxicity will contribute to the development of antitumor RNase-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Dudkina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
| | - V. V. Ulyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
| | - O. N. Ilinskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
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Mitkevich VA, Petrushanko IY, Makarov AA. RNases Disrupt the Adaptive Potential of Malignant Cells: Perspectives for Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:922. [PMID: 31474868 PMCID: PMC6707412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous RNases are selectively toxic to tumor cells. The reasons for this selectivity are not quite clear and should be searched for in the properties that distinguish malignant from normal cells. During onco-transformation, cells acquire properties allowing them to adapt to the altered microenvironment, such as resistance to hypoxia, changes in intracellular pH, disruption of ion transport, reduced adhesion and increased mobility, and production of specific exosomes. These adaptation mechanisms distinguish malignant cells from normal ones and give them a competitive advantage, ensuring survival and spread in the organism. Here, we analyze if the directed cytotoxic effect of exogenous RNases is linked to the disruption of the adaptive potential of tumor cells and how it can be used in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Mitkevich VA, Pace CN, Koschinski A, Makarov AA, Ilinskaya ON. Cytotoxicity mechanism of the RNase Sa cationic mutants involves inhibition of potassium current through Ca2+-activated channels. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mitkevich VA, Burnysheva KM, Ilinskaya ON, Pace CN, Makarov AA. Cytotoxicity of RNase Sa to the acute myeloid leukemia Kasumi-1 cells depends on the net charge. Oncoscience 2014; 1:738-44. [PMID: 25594000 PMCID: PMC4278273 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of known cytotoxic RNases are basic proteins which destroy intracellular RNA. Cationization of RNases is considered to be an effective strategy for strengthening their antitumor properties. We constructed a set of RNase Sa variants consisting of charge reversal mutants, charge neutralization mutants, and variants with positively charged cluster at the N-terminus. All constructs retain a high level of catalytic activity and differ in net charge. Using acute myeloid leukemia cells Kasumi-1 we have shown that (i) cytotoxicity of RNase Sa mutants is linearly enhanced by cationization, (ii) the ability of cytotoxic mutants to induce cell death is caused by induction of apoptosis and (iii) localization of positive charge on N-terminus does not contribute to RNase Sa cytotoxicity. Capacity to induce apoptosis in malignant cells and the absence of necrotic effects make the RNase Sa mutants with high positive charge a suitable anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia M Burnysheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N Ilinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ; Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal (Volga-Region) University, Kazan, Russia
| | - C Nick Pace
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Rodrigues RC, Barbosa O, Ortiz C, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Torres R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Amination of enzymes to improve biocatalyst performance: coupling genetic modification and physicochemical tools. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04625k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of the features of an enzyme is in many instances a pre-requisite for the industrial implementation of these exceedingly interesting biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Escuela de Química
- Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM)
- Edificio Camilo Torres 210
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Ap. 99-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Escuela de Química
- Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM)
- Edificio Camilo Torres 210
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga, Colombia
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The inhibition of human tumor cell proliferation by RNase Pol, a member of the RNase T1 family, from Pleurotus ostreatus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:1486-91. [PMID: 23832341 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RNase Po1 is a guanylic acid-specific ribonuclease (a RNase T1 family RNase) from Pleurotus ostreatus. We determined the cDNA sequence encoding RNase Po1 and expressed RNase Po1 in Escherichia coli. A comparison of the enzymatic properties of RNase Po1 and RNase T1 indicated that the optimum temperature for RNase Po1 activity was 20 °C higher than that for RNase T1. An MTT assay indicated that RNase Po1 inhibits the proliferation of human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32 and SK-N-SH) and human leukemia cells (Jurkat and HL-60). Furthermore, Hoechst 33342 staining showed morphological changes in HL-60 cells due to RNase Po1, and flow cytometry indicated the appearance of a sub-G1 cell population. The extent of these changes was dependent on the concentration of RNase Pol. We suggest that RNase Po1 induces apoptosis in tumor cells.
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Futami J, Kitazoe M, Murata H, Yamada H. Exploiting protein cationization techniques in future drug development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 2:261-9. [PMID: 23496081 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of a method for the efficient intracellular delivery of inherently non-permeable proteins is needed for manipulation of cellular phenotypes or the discovery of protein-based drugs. It has been demonstrated that proteins artificially cationized by chemical conjugation show efficient intracellular delivery via adsorptive-mediated endocytosis and then can exert their biological activity in cells. Studies have also revealed that cationic peptides known as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) provide a means to deliver molecules into mammalian cells. Although the internalization mechanisms remain controversial, it is now becoming clear that the main port of entry into cells by CPPs also involves adsorptive-mediated endocytosis rather than the direct penetration of the plasma membrane. As the mammalian cell membrane possesses an abundance of negatively charged glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids, cationization of proteins is a reasonable choice to endow them with the ability for intracellular delivery. Cationization of proteins is usually accompanied by drastic changes in protein properties, structure and biological activities. Recently developed sophisticated protein chemistry can minimize these side effects. Therefore, protein cationization techniques will hopefully prove to be powerful tools for innovative research and drug discovery. In this review, techniques for cationization of proteins and their intracellular delivery, as well as some of their potential therapeutic applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Futami
- Okayama University, Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Abstract
RNases are enzymes that cleave RNAs, resulting in remarkably diverse biological consequences. Many RNases are cytotoxic. In some cases, they attack selectively malignant cells triggering an apoptotic response. A number of eukaryotic and bacterial RNase-based strategies are being developed for use in anticancer and antiviral therapy. However, the physiological functions of these RNases are often poorly understood. This review focuses on the properties of the extracellular RNases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (barnase) and Bacillus intermedius (binase), the characteristics of their biosynthesis regulation and their physiological role, with an emphasis on the similarities and differences. Barnase and binase can be regarded as molecular twins according to their highly similar structure, physical-chemical and catalytic properties. Nevertheless, the 'life paths' of these enzymes are not the same, as their expression in bacteria is controlled by diverse signals. Binase is predominantly synthesized under phosphate starvation, whereas barnase production is strictly dependent on the multifunctional Spo0A regulator controlling sporulation, biofilm formation and cannibalism. Barnase and binase also have some distinctions in practical applications. Barnase was initially suggested to be useful in research and biotechnology as a tool for studying protein-protein interactions, for RNA elimination from biological samples, for affinity purification of RNase fusion proteins, for the development of cloning vectors and for sterility acquisition by transgenic plants. Binase, as later barnase, was tested for antiviral, antitumour and immunogenic effects. Both RNases have found their own niche in cancer research as a result of success in targeted delivery and selectivity towards tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ulyanova
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Andrady C, Sharma SK, Chester KA. Antibody-enzyme fusion proteins for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:193-211. [PMID: 21322759 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biomolecular technology have allowed the development of genetically fused antibody-enzymes. Antibody-enzyme fusion proteins have been used to target tumors for cancer therapy in two ways. In one system, an antibody-enzyme is pretargeted to the tumor followed by administration of an inactive prodrug that is converted to its active form by the pretargeted enzyme. This system has been described as antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. The other system uses antibody-enzyme fusion proteins as direct therapeutics, where the enzyme is toxic in its own right. The key feature in this approach is that the antibody is used to internalize the toxic enzyme into the tumor cell, which activates cell-death processes. This antibody-enzyme system has been largely applied to deliver ribonucleases. This article addresses these two antibody-enzyme targeting strategies for cancer therapy from concept to (pre)clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carima Andrady
- Cancer Research UK Targeting & Imaging Group, Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E6BT, UK.
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Patutina O, Mironova N, Ryabchikova E, Popova N, Nikolin V, Kaledin V, Vlassov V, Zenkova M. Inhibition of metastasis development by daily administration of ultralow doses of RNase A and DNase I. Biochimie 2010; 93:689-96. [PMID: 21194552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent data on the involvement of miRNA and circulating tumor-derived DNA in regulation of tumorigenesis showed a great prospect for these molecules as a novel class of therapeutic targets and gave a new start for the study of enzymes cleaving nucleic acids as potential antitumor and antimetastatic agents. In the present paper using two murine tumor models with pulmonary or liver metastases we studied the antimetastatic potential of RNase A and DNase I and performed a search for possible molecular targets of the enzymes. Herein, we show for the first time that daily administration of ultralow doses of RNase A (0.5-50 μg/kg) and DNase I (0.02-2.3 mg/kg) inhibits the development of metastasis to 60-90% and RNase A exerts 30% retardation of tumor growth. Remarkably, the increase in RNase A dose from 50 μg/kg to 10mg/kg leads to a disappearance of antitumor and antimetastatic effects. Simultaneous treatment of tumor-bearing animals with RNase A and DNase I leads to an additive effect and results in almost total absence of metastases. The use of RNase A as an adjuvant in conjunction with conventional cytostatic cyclophosphamide results in a reliable enhancement of antitumor and antimetastatic effect of the therapy compared with the use of these agents individually. The search for possible molecular mechanism of antimetastatic effect of nucleases showed that daily administration of the enzymes reduced the pathologically increased level of extracellular nucleic acids and increased nuclease activity of the blood plasma of tumor-bearing mice back to the level of healthy animals. Thus, we unequivocally show that the proposed protocol of treatment of tumor-bearing animals with RNase A and DNase I has a general systemic and immunomodulatory effect, leads to a drastic suppression of metastasis development, and in perspective may become an effective component of intensive complex therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Ardelt W, Ardelt B, Darzynkiewicz Z. Ribonucleases as potential modalities in anticancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 625:181-9. [PMID: 19825371 PMCID: PMC2784098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor ribonucleases are small (10-28 kDa) basic proteins. They were found among members of both, ribonuclease A and T1 superfamilies. Their cytotoxic properties are conferred by enzymatic activity, i.e., the ability to catalyze cleavages of phosphodiester bonds in RNA. They bind to negatively charged cell membrane, enter cells by endocytosis and translocate to cytosol where they evade mammalian protein ribonuclease inhibitor and degrade RNA. Here, we discuss structures, functions and mechanisms of antitumor activity of several cytotoxic ribonucleases with particular emphasis to the amphibian Onconase, the only enzyme of this class that reached clinical trials. Onconase is the smallest, very stable, less catalytically efficient and more cytotoxic than most RNase A homologues. Its cytostatic, cytotoxic and anticancer effects were extensively studied. It targets tRNA, rRNA, mRNA as well as the non-coding RNA (microRNAs). Numerous cancer lines are sensitive to Onconase; their treatment with 10-100 nM enzyme leads to suppression of cell cycle progression, predominantly through G(1), followed by apoptosis or cell senescence. Onconase also has anticancer properties in animal models. Many effects of this enzyme are consistent with the microRNAs, one of its critical targets. Onconase sensitizes cells to a variety of anticancer modalities and this property is of particular interest, suggesting its application as an adjunct to chemotherapy or radiotherapy in treatment of different tumors. Cytotoxic RNases as exemplified by Onconase represent a new class of antitumor agents, with an entirely different mechanism of action than the drugs currently used in the clinic. Further studies on animal models including human tumors grafted on severe combined immunodefficient (SCID) mice and clinical trials are needed to explore clinical potential of cytotoxic RNases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ardelt
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
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Mitkevich VA, Tchurikov NA, Zelenikhin PV, Petrushanko IY, Makarov AA, Ilinskaya ON. Binase cleaves cellular noncoding RNAs and affects coding mRNAs. FEBS J 2009; 277:186-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bauerová-Hlinková V, Dvorský R, Perecko D, Povazanec F, Sevcík J. Structure of RNase Sa2 complexes with mononucleotides--new aspects of catalytic reaction and substrate recognition. FEBS J 2009; 276:4156-68. [PMID: 19558492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanism of RNA cleavage by RNases has been studied for many years, there remain aspects that have not yet been fully clarified. We have solved the crystal structures of RNase Sa2 in the apo form and in complexes with mononucleotides. These structures provide more details about the mechanism of RNA cleavage by RNase Sa2. In addition to Glu56 and His86, which are the principal catalytic residues, an important role in the first reaction step of RNA cleavage also seems to be played by Arg67 and Arg71, which are located in the phosphate-binding site and form hydrogen bonds with the oxygens of the phosphate group of the mononucleotides. Their positive charge very likely causes polarization of the bonds between the oxygens and the phosphorus atom, leading to electron deficiency on the phosphorus atom and facilitating nucleophilic attack by O2' of the ribose on the phosphorus atom, leading to cyclophosphate formation. The negatively charged Glu56 is in position to attract the proton from O2' of the ribose. Extended molecular docking of mononucleotides, dinucleotides and trinucleotides into the active site of the enzyme allowed us to better understand the guanosine specificity of RNase Sa2 and to predict possible binding subsites for the downstream base and ribose of the second and third nucleotides.
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Torrent G, Ribó M, Benito A, Vilanova M. Bactericidal Activity Engineered on Human Pancreatic Ribonuclease and Onconase. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:531-42. [DOI: 10.1021/mp8001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Torrent
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n 17071 Girona, Spain, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n 17071 Girona, Spain, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n 17071 Girona, Spain, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n 17071 Girona, Spain, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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Makarov AA, Kolchinsky A, Ilinskaya ON. Binase and other microbial RNases as potential anticancer agents. Bioessays 2008; 30:781-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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RNase-induced apoptosis: Fate of calcium-activated potassium channels. Biochimie 2008; 90:717-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ilinskaya ON, Zelenikhin PV, Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Prassolov VS, Makarov AA. Binase induces apoptosis of transformed myeloid cells and does not induce T-cell immune response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:1000-5. [PMID: 17689490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial RNases along with such animal RNases as onconase and BS-RNase are a promising basis for developing new antitumor drugs. We have shown that the Bacillus intermedius RNase (binase) induces selective apoptosis of transformed myeloid cells. It attacks artificially expressing activated c-Kit myeloid progenitor FDC cells and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells K562. Binase did not induce apoptosis in leukocytes of healthy donors and in normal myeloid progenitor cells. The inability of binase to initiate expression of activation markers CD69 and IFN-gamma in CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes testifies that enzyme is devoid of superantigenic properties. Altogether, these results demonstrate that binase possesses therapeutic opportunities for treatment of genotyped human neoplasms expressing activated kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Ilinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Johnson RJ, Chao TY, Lavis LD, Raines RT. Cytotoxic ribonucleases: the dichotomy of Coulombic forces. Biochemistry 2007; 46:10308-16. [PMID: 17705507 PMCID: PMC2864629 DOI: 10.1021/bi700857u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells tightly regulate their contents. Still, nonspecific Coulombic interactions between cationic molecules and anionic membrane components can lead to adventitious endocytosis. Here, we characterize this process in a natural system. To do so, we create variants of human pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase 1) that differ in net molecular charge. By conjugating a small-molecule latent fluorophore to these variants and using flow cytometry, we are able to determine the kinetic mechanism for RNase 1 internalization into live human cells. We find that internalization increases with solution concentration and is not saturable. Internalization also increases with time to a steady-state level, which varies linearly with molecular charge. In contrast, the rate constant for internalization (t1/2 = 2 h) is independent of charge. We conclude that internalization involves an extracellular equilibrium complex between the cationic proteins and abundant anionic cell-surface molecules, followed by rate-limiting internalization. The enhanced internalization of more cationic variants of RNase 1 is, however, countered by their increased affinity for the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein, which is anionic. Thus, Coulombic forces mediate extracellular and intracellular equilibria in a dichotomous manner that both endangers cells and defends them from the potentially lethal enzymatic activity of ribonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544. Telephone: 608-262-8588. Fax: 608-262-3453.
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Muñoz-Gómez AJ, Lemonnier M, Santos-Sierra S, Berzal-Herranz A, Díaz-Orejas R. RNase/anti-RNase activities of the bacterial parD toxin-antitoxin system. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:3151-7. [PMID: 15838042 PMCID: PMC1082843 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.9.3151-3157.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial parD toxin-antitoxin system of plasmid R1 encodes two proteins, the Kid toxin and its cognate antitoxin, Kis. Kid cleaves RNA and inhibits protein synthesis and cell growth in Escherichia coli. Here, we show that Kid promotes RNA degradation and inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. These new activities of the Kid toxin were counteracted by the Kis antitoxin and were not displayed by the KidR85W variant, which is nontoxic in E. coli. Moreover, while Kid cleaved single- and double-stranded RNA with a preference for UAA or UAC triplets, KidR85W maintained this sequence preference but hardly cleaved double-stranded RNA. Kid was formerly shown to inhibit DNA replication of the ColE1 plasmid. Here we provide in vitro evidence that Kid cleaves the ColE1 RNA II primer, which is required for the initiation of ColE1 replication. In contrast, KidR85W did not affect the stability of RNA II, nor did it inhibit the in vitro replication of ColE1. Thus, the endoribonuclease and the cytotoxic and DNA replication-inhibitory activities of Kid seem tightly correlated. We propose that the spectrum of action of this toxin extends beyond the sole inhibition of protein synthesis to control a broad range of RNA-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Muñoz-Gómez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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