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Peng A, Lin X, Yang Q, Sun Y, Chen R, Liu B, Yu X. ΔNp63α facilitates proliferation and migration, and modulates the chromatin landscape in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:777. [PMID: 38012140 PMCID: PMC10682000 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
p63 plays a crucial role in epithelia-originating tumours; however, its role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has not been completely explored. Our study revealed the oncogenic properties of p63 in iCCA and identified the major expressed isoform as ΔNp63α. We collected iCCA clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and analyzed p63 expression in iCCA tissue samples. We further established genetically modified iCCA cell lines in which p63 was overexpressed or knocked down to study the protein function/function of p63 in iCCA. We found that cells overexpressing p63, but not p63 knockdown counterparts, displayed increased proliferation, migration, and invasion. Transcriptome analysis showed that p63 altered the iCCA transcriptome, particularly by affecting cell adhesion-related genes. Moreover, chromatin accessibility decreased at p63 target sites when p63 binding was lost and increased when p63 binding was gained. The majority of the p63 bound sites were located in the distal intergenic regions and showed strong enhancer marks; however, active histone modifications around the Transcription Start Site changed as p63 expression changed. We also detected an interaction between p63 and the chromatin structural protein YY1. Taken together, our results suggest an oncogenic role for p63 in iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anghui Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Quanli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yihao Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ruiyan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.
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Pokrovsky VS, Ivanova-Radkevich VI, Kuznetsova OM. Sphingolipid Metabolism in Tumor Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:847-866. [PMID: 37751859 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a diverse family of complex lipids typically composed of a sphingoid base bound to a fatty acid via amide bond. The metabolism of sphingolipids has long remained out of focus of biochemical studies. Recently, it has been attracting an increasing interest of researchers because of different and often multidirectional effects demonstrated by sphingolipids with a similar chemical structure. Sphingosine, ceramides (N-acylsphingosines), and their phosphorylated derivatives (sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphates) act as signaling molecules. Ceramides induce apoptosis and regulate stability of cell membranes and cell response to stress. Ceramides and sphingoid bases slow down anabolic and accelerate catabolic reactions, thus suppressing cell proliferation. On the contrary, their phosphorylated derivatives (ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate) stimulate cell proliferation. Involvement of sphingolipids in the regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation makes them critically important in tumor progression. Sphingolipid metabolism enzymes and sphingolipid receptors can be potential targets for antitumor therapy. This review describes the main pathways of sphingolipid metabolism in human cells, with special emphasis on the properties of this metabolism in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia.
| | | | - Olga M Kuznetsova
- People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
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Quercetin Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells via Directly Interacting with YY1 to Disrupt YY1-p53 Interaction. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020229. [PMID: 36837850 PMCID: PMC9968089 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonol found in edible plants and possesses a significant anticancer activity. This study explored the mechanism by which quercetin prevented liver cancer via inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Quercetin induced cell proliferation and apoptosis through inhibiting YY1 and facilitating p53 expression and subsequently increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The results revealed that YY1 knockdown promoted apoptosis, whilst YY1 overexpression suppressed apoptosis via direct physical interaction between YY1 and p53 to regulate the p53 signaling pathway. Molecular docking using native and mutant YY1 proteins showed that quercetin could interact directly with YY1, and the binding of quercetin to YY1 significantly decreased the docking energy of YY1 with p53 protein. The interactions between quercetin and YY1 protein included direct binding and non-bonded indirect interactions, as confirmed by cellular thermal shift assay, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. It was likely that quercetin directly bound to YY1 protein to compete with p53 for the binding sites of YY1 to disrupt the YY1-p53 interaction, thereby promoting p53 activation. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying quercetin's anticancer action and supports the development of quercetin as an anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Martins Peçanha FL, Jaafar R, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Apostolopolou CC, Bhushan A, Bernal-Mizrachi E. The Transcription Factor YY1 Is Essential for Normal DNA Repair and Cell Cycle in Human and Mouse β-Cells. Diabetes 2022; 71:1694-1705. [PMID: 35594378 PMCID: PMC9490361 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms behind the β-cell adaptation to failure is important to develop strategies to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using db/db mice at early stages of the disease process, we took advantage of unbiased RNA sequencing to identify genes/pathways regulated by insulin resistance in β-cells. We demonstrate herein that islets from 4-week-old nonobese and nondiabetic leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice exhibited downregulation of several genes involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. We identified the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as a common gene between both pathways. The expression of YY1 and its targeted genes was decreased in the db/db islets. We confirmed the reduction in YY1 expression in β-cells from diabetic db/db mice, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and individuals with T2D. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing profiling in EndoC-βH1 cells, a human pancreatic β-cell line, indicated that YY1 binding regions regulate cell cycle control and DNA damage recognition and repair. We then generated mouse models with constitutive and inducible YY1 deficiency in β-cells. YY1-deficient mice developed diabetes early in life due to β-cell loss. β-Cells from these mice exhibited higher DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cell death as well as decreased maturation markers. Tamoxifen-induced YY1 deficiency in mature β-cells impaired β-cell function and induced DNA damage. In summary, we identified YY1 as a critical factor for β-cell DNA repair and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami Jaafar
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, FL
| | | | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, FL
- Corresponding author: Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi,
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5
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Zhou S, Li P, Qin L, Huang S, Dang N. Transcription factor YY1 contributes to human melanoma cell growth through modulating the p53 signaling pathway. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1563-1578. [PMID: 35730240 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma has a higher mortality rate than any other skin cancer, and its cases are increasing. The transcription factor YY1 has been proven to be involved in tumor progression; however, the role of YY1 in melanoma is not well understood. METHODS This study investigates how YY1 functions in melanoma progression, and it also elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved. RESULTS We have found that in clinical human melanoma tissues, YY1 is overexpressed compared to YY1 expression in normal melanocytes and skin tissues. Cellular immunofluorescence shows that YY1 is mainly located in the nucleus. YY1 knockdown reduces proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the apoptosis rate of cells is significantly increased in low-YY1 environments. The overexpression of YY1 resulted in decreased apoptotic rates in melanoma cells. YY1 also affects the expression of EMT-related proteins. Additional experiments reveal that YY1 knockdown disrupts the interaction of MDM2-p53, and that it both stabilizes and increases p53 activity. The upregulation of p53 expression in turn stimulates p21 expression just as it suppresses CDK4 expression, which then induces cells that were arrested in the G1 phase. The effect then is to constrain cell proliferation in melanoma cells. Upon activation of the p53 pathway, Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, is upregulated, and Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, was downregulated in A375 cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide novel insights into the pathology of melanoma as well as the role that YY1 plays in tumor progression. The findings also suggest that targeting YY1 has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Linyi people's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Pin Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ningning Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hussein S, Fathi A, Abouhashem NS, Amer S, Hemeda M, Mosaad H. SATB-1 and Her2 as predictive molecular and immunohistochemical markers for urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:249-259. [PMID: 33285627 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Studying bladder cancer molecular biology revealed the presence of genetic alterations. So, detection of molecular biomarkers that help in monitoring the disease, evaluating the prognosis of the patients, and their response to therapy is needed. In this study, we investigated the expression and the prognostic significance of SATB-1 and ERBB2 mRNA and protein by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis in urothelial bladder cancer cases and the surrounding normal bladder tissue. The correlations between the expression of both markers and the clinicopathological parameters were performed with further analysis of the correlation between the expression of SATB-1 and ERBB2. Compared to control, the expression of SATB-1 and ERBB2 mRNA and protein in cancer tissues were significantly up-regulated (p< 0.05). Also, a positive correlation between both markers was found (r= 0.53, p< 0.001). Moreover, elevated levels of both markers were significantly associated with the stage, lymph node involvement at both mRNA and protein levels (p< 0.001). In conclusion, there is a clinical significance of SATB-1 and ERBB2 as potential biomarkers for predicting bladder cancer patients of aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Anan Fathi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nehal S Abouhashem
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar Amer
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hemeda
- Urology Department, Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hala Mosaad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Morales-Martinez M, Vega MI. Participation of different miRNAs in the regulation of YY1: Their role in pathogenesis, chemoresistance, and therapeutic implication in hematologic malignancies. YY1 IN THE CONTROL OF THE PATHOGENESIS AND DRUG RESISTANCE OF CANCER 2021:171-198. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821909-6.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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8
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Schutt C, Hallmann A, Hachim S, Klockner I, Valussi M, Atzberger A, Graumann J, Braun T, Boettger T. Linc-MYH configures INO80 to regulate muscle stem cell numbers and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105098. [PMID: 32960481 PMCID: PMC7667881 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling complexes have functions in transcriptional regulation and chromosome maintenance, but it is mostly unknown how the function of these normally ubiquitous complexes is specified in the cellular context. Here, we describe that the evolutionary conserved long non‐coding RNA linc‐MYH regulates the composition of the INO80 chromatin remodeler complex in muscle stem cells and prevents interaction with WDR5 and the transcription factor YY1. Linc‐MYH acts as a selective molecular switch in trans that governs the pro‐proliferative function of the ubiquitous INO80 complex but does not affect its role in maintaining genomic stability. The molecular switch is essential for restricting generation of quiescent MuSCs and proliferation of myoblasts in homeostasis and regeneration. Since linc‐MYH is expressed in proliferating myoblasts but not in quiescent MuSCs, we reason that the extent of myoblast proliferation has decisive effects on the size of the quiescent MuSC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schutt
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alix Hallmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Salma Hachim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ina Klockner
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Melissa Valussi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ann Atzberger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, FACS Service Group, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Mass Spectrometry Service Group, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Dong X, Kwan KM. Yin Yang 1 is critical for mid-hindbrain neuroepithelium development and involved in cerebellar agenesis. Mol Brain 2020; 13:104. [PMID: 32703236 PMCID: PMC7376712 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (Yy1), was named after its dual functions of both activating and repressing gene transcription. Yy1 plays complex roles in various fundamental biological processes such as the cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Patients with dominant Yy1 mutations suffer from central nervous system (CNS) developmental defects. However, the role of Yy1 in mammalian CNS development remains to be fully elucidated. The isthmus organizer locates to the mid-hindbrain (MHB) boundary region and serves as the critical signaling center during midbrain and cerebellar early patterning. To study the function of Yy1 in mesencephalon/ rhombomere 1 (mes/r1) neuroepithelium development, we utilized the tissue-specific Cre-LoxP system and generated a conditional knockout mouse line to inactivate Yy1 in the MHB region. Mice with Yy1 deletion in the mes/r1 region displayed cerebellar agenesis and dorsal midbrain hypoplasia. The Yy1 deleted neuroepithelial cells underwent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, with the concurrent changes of cell cycle regulatory genes expression, as well as activation of the p53 pathway. Moreover, we found that Yy1 is involved in the transcriptional activation of Wnt1 in neural stem cells. Thus, our work demonstrates the involvement of Yy1 in cerebellar agenesis and the critical function of Yy1 in mouse early MHB neuroepithelium maintenance and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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10
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Chen K, Lu Y, Shi K, Stovall DB, Li D, Sui G. Functional analysis of YY1 zinc fingers through cysteine mutagenesis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1392-1402. [PMID: 31127623 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As a transcription factor, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) either activates or represses gene expression depending on its recruited cofactors. The YY1 C-terminal consists of four zinc fingers (ZF) that are responsible for its DNA binding. However, the contribution of each YY1 ZF to its functions have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used alanines to replace YY1 cysteines that are crucial to ZFs in binding to DNA. We characterized these YY1 mutants for their DNA binding, transcriptional activity, and functional role in maintaining MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. We demonstrated that ZFs 2 and 3 are essential to the general biological activity of YY1. ZF 1 showed relatively low importance, while ZF 4 is virtually dispensable for YY1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuida Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Shi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Daniel B Stovall
- School of Math and Science, North Carolina Wesleyan College, Rocky Mount, NC, USA
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Sui Y, Wu T, Li F, Wang F, Cai Y, Jin J. YY1/BCCIP Coordinately Regulates P53-Responsive Element (p53RE)-Mediated Transactivation of p21 Waf1/Cip1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092095. [PMID: 31035388 PMCID: PMC6539464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivation of p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, CDKN1A) is closely related to the recruitment of transcription cofactors at the p53 responsive elements (p53REs) in its promoter region. Human chromatin remodeling enzyme INO80 can be recruited to the p53REs of p21 promoter and negatively regulates p21. As one of the key subunits of the INO80 complex, YY1 has also been confirmed to bind to the p53RE sites of p21 promoter. Importantly, YY1 was recently reported to be bound and stabilized by BCCIP (BRCA2 and CDKN1A-interacting protein). Therefore, we hypothesized that the YY1/BCCIP complex plays an important role in regulating the transactivation of p21. Here we present evidence that the YY1/BCCIP complex coordinatively regulates p53RE-mediated p21 transactivation. We first confirmed the cross-interaction between YY1, BCCIP, and p53, suggesting an intrinsic link between three proteins in the regulation of p21 transcription. In dual luciferase assays, YY1 inhibited p53RE-mediated luciferase activity, whereas BCCIP revealed the opposite effect. More interestingly, the region 146–270 amino acids of YY1, which bound to BCCIP, increased p53-mediated luciferase activity, indicating the complexity of the YY1/BCCIP complex in co-regulating p21 transcription. Further in-depth research confirmed the co-occupancy of YY1/BCCIP with p53 at the p53RE-proximal region of p21. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown of BCCIP inhibited the recruitment of p53 and YY1 at the p53RE proximal region of p21; however, this phenomenon was reversed by expressing exogenous YY1, suggesting the collaborative regulation of YY1/BCCIP complex in p53RE-mediated p21 transcription. These data provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation of p21 by the YY1/BCCIP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Fuqiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jingji Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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12
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Galloway NR, Ball KF, Stiff T, Wall NR. Yin Yang 1 (YY1): Regulation of Survivin and Its Role In Invasion and Metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog 2019; 22:23-36. [PMID: 29604934 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2017020836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant clinical and basic science advancements, cancer remains a devastating disease that affects people of all ages, races, and backgrounds. The pathogenesis of cancer has recently been described to result from eight biological capabilities or hallmarks and two enabling characteristics. These eight hallmarks are: deregulation of cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. The enabling characteristics are: genome instability and mutation and tumor-promoting inflammation. Survivin, the fourth most common transcript found in cancer cells, is a protein that is thought to be involved in the enhanced proliferation, survival, and metastasis and possibly other key hallmarks of cancer cells. Understanding how this gene is turned on and off is vitally important for attempt improving cancer management and therapy. Our work has identified a novel transcriptional regulator of survivin called Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which has been observed to activate some gene promoters and repress others and is gaining increasing interest as a target of cancer therapy. Our work shows for the first time that YY1 represses survivin transcription by physically interacting with the survivin promoter. Furthermore, YY1 appears to contribute to basal survivin transcriptional activity, indicating that disruption of its binding may in part contribute to survivin overexpression after cellular stress events including chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Galloway
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Kathryn F Ball
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - TessaRae Stiff
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
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Wang J, Wu X, Wei C, Huang X, Ma Q, Huang X, Faiola F, Guallar D, Fidalgo M, Huang T, Peng D, Chen L, Yu H, Li X, Sun J, Liu X, Cai X, Chen X, Wang L, Ren J, Wang J, Ding J. YY1 Positively Regulates Transcription by Targeting Promoters and Super-Enhancers through the BAF Complex in Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1324-1339. [PMID: 29503092 PMCID: PMC5998734 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) regulates early embryogenesis and adult tissue formation. However, the role of YY1 in stem cell regulation remains unclear. YY1 has a Polycomb group (PcG) protein-dependent role in mammalian cells. The PcG-independent functions of YY1 are also reported, although their underlying mechanism is still undefined. This paper reports the role of YY1 and BAF complex in the OCT4-mediated pluripotency network in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The interaction between YY1 and BAF complex promotes mESC proliferation and pluripotency. Knockdown of Yy1 or Smarca4, the core component of the BAF complex, downregulates pluripotency markers and upregulates several differentiation markers. Moreover, YY1 enriches at both promoter and super-enhancer regions to stimulate transcription. Thus, this study elucidates the role of YY1 in regulating pluripotency through its interaction with OCT4 and the BAF complex and the role of BAF complex in integrating YY1 into the core pluripotency network. YY1 is integrated into the core pluripotency network through the BAF complex YY1 and the BAF complex promote ESC proliferation YY1 activates gene expression through the BAF complex to maintain pluripotency YY1 is enriched at the ESC-specific super-enhancers to promote gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xingui Wu
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Diana Guallar
- Centro de Investigaciónen Medicina Molecular e EnfermidadesCronicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Centro de Investigaciónen Medicina Molecular e EnfermidadesCronicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Tingyuan Huang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Di Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Haopeng Yu
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cai
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Junjun Ding
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Yan SH, Zhao NW, Geng ZR, Shen JY, Liu FM, Yan D, Zhou J, Nie C, Huang CC, Fang ZY. Modulations of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling axis by TIIA ameliorated the oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:191-201. [PMID: 29221988 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has strongly implicated oxidative stress in the development of cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Quantitative cardiac proteomics data revealed that pressure load by TAC resulted in a significant decline in mitochondrial metabolic activity, where TIIA (Tanshinone IIA sulfonate) treatment reversed it in vivo, which might be mediated by Nrf2. In NRVMs, TIIA treatment ameliorated H2O2-induced caspase-3/9 activations through the suppression of p38 and mTOR signaling pathways, where caspase-mediated cleavage of YY1 and PARP resulted in the defects in mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA repair, and this event finally led to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that TIIA hydrophobically interacted with Keap1 (the cytoplasmic repressor of Nrf2) and induced its degradation in vitro. Site-directed mutagenesis of Keap1 identified V122/V123/I125 to be the critical residues for the TIIA-induced de-dimerization and degradation of Keap1. Besides, TIIA treatment also epigenetically up-regulated Nrf2 gene transcription, where it hypomethylated the first 5 CpGs of Nrf2 promoter. Furthermore, cardiac-specific Nrf2 knockout mice exhibited the significantly dampened anti-apoptotic effects of TIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hai Yan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Wei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu Biomedical Research Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Rong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yin Shen
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Zhu-Yuan Fang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Takiar V, Ip CKM, Gao M, Mills GB, Cheung LWT. Neomorphic mutations create therapeutic challenges in cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1607-1618. [PMID: 27841866 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenesis is a pathologic process driven by genomic aberrations, including changes in nucleotide sequences. The majority of these mutational events fall into two broad categories: inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (hypomorph, antimorph or amorph) or activation of oncogenes (hypermorph). The recent surge in genome sequence data and functional genomics research has ushered in the discovery of aberrations in a third category: gain-of-novel-function mutation (neomorph). These neomorphic mutations, which can be found in both tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, produce proteins with entirely different functions from their respective wild-type (WT) proteins and the other morphs. The unanticipated phenotypic outcomes elicited by neomorphic mutations imply that tumors with the neomorphic mutations may not respond to therapies designed to target the WT protein. Therefore, understanding the functional activities of each genomic aberration to be targeted is crucial in devising effective treatment strategies that will benefit specific cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Takiar
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, UC Barrett Cancer Center, OH, USA
| | - C K M Ip
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L W T Cheung
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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16
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MiR-381 inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer malignancy via YY1 suppression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9157-67. [PMID: 26768613 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a common type of gynecologic cancer, which accounts for the majority of deaths among all gynecologic malignant tumors in developed countries. A series of recent studies suggested that miR-381 might play important roles in the development of various cancer types. However, the biological function of miR-381 in EOC remains to be investigated. We examined the levels of miR-381 expression in EOC tissues and cell lines. We identified miR-381 target genes by bioinformatic prediction. We also characterized the phenotype regarding cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell invasion in EOC cells lines with altered expression levels of both miR-381 and its target gene, YY1. The expression levels of miR-381 were downregulated in EOC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-381 significantly inhibited EOC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Restoration of YY1 expression partially reversed the phenotype induced by miR-381 overexpression. Knockdown of miR-381 target gene, YY1, mimicked the phenotype induced by miR-381 overexpression. MiR-381 regulated EOC cell through miR-381/YY1/p53 and miR-381/YY1/Wnt signaling axis. We concluded that miR-381 inhibited EOC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, at least in part, via suppressing YY1 expression.
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17
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Zhang Q, Wan M, Shi J, Horita DA, Miller LD, Kute TE, Kridel SJ, Kulik G, Sui G. Yin Yang 1 promotes mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:232-43. [PMID: 26762111 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) regulates both gene expression and protein modifications, and has shown a proliferative role in cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that YY1 promotes AKT phosphorylation at S473, a marker of AKT activation. YY1 expression positively correlated with AKT(S473) phosphorylation in a tissue microarray and cultured cells of breast cancer, but negatively associated with the distant metastasis-free survival of 166 breast cancer patients. YY1 promotes AKT phosphorylation at S473 through direct interaction with AKT, and the AKT-binding site is mapped to the residues G201-S226 on YY1. These residues are also involved in YY1 interaction with Mdm2, Ezh2, and E1A, and thus are designated as the oncogene protein binding (OPB) domain. YY1-promoted AKT phosphorylation relies on the OPB domain but is independent of either transcriptional activity of YY1 or the activity of phosphoinositide-3-kinases. We also determine that YY1-promoted mTORC2 access to AKT leads to its phosphorylation at S473. Importantly, a peptide based on the OPB domain blocks YY1 interaction with AKT and reduces AKT phosphorylation and cell proliferation. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that YY1 promotes mTORC2-mediated AKT activation and disrupting YY1-AKT interaction by OPB domain-based peptide may represent a potential strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA Present address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meimei Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jinming Shi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - David A Horita
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Timothy E Kute
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Steven J Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - George Kulik
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA Life Sciences Program, College of Science & General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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18
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Funahashi N, Hirota Y, Nakagawa K, Sawada N, Watanabe M, Suhara Y, Okano T. YY1 positively regulates human UBIAD1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:238-44. [PMID: 25772619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K is involved in bone formation and blood coagulation. Natural vitamin K compounds are composed of the plant form phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and a series of bacterial menaquionones (MK-n; vitamin K2). Menadione (vitamin K3) is an artificial vitamin K compound. MK-4 contains 4-isoprenyl as a side group in the 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone common structure and has various bioactivities. UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing 1 (UBIAD1 or TERE1) is the menaquinone-4 biosynthetic enzyme. UBIAD1 transcript expression significantly decreases in patients with prostate carcinoma and overexpressing UBIAD1 inhibits proliferation of a tumour cell line. UBIAD1 mRNA expression is ubiquitous in mouse tissues, and higher UBIAD1 mRNA expression levels are detected in the brain, heart, kidneys and pancreas. Several functions of UBIAD1 have been reported; however, regulation of the human UBIAD1 gene has not been elucidated. Here we report cloning and characterisation of the human UBIAD1 promoter. A 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis revealed that the main transcriptional start site was 306 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. Deletion and mutation analyses revealed the functional importance of the YY1 consensus motif. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that YY1 binds the UBIAD1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. In addition, YY1 small interfering RNA decreased endogenous UBIAD1 mRNA expression and UBIAD1 conversion activity. These results suggest that YY1 up-regulates UBIAD1 expression and UBIAD1 conversion activity through the UBIAD1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Funahashi
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Natumi Sawada
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Suhara
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Okano
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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19
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Trask MC, Tremblay KD, Mager J. Yin-Yang1 is required for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and regulation of Nodal signaling during mammalian gastrulation. Dev Biol 2012; 368:273-82. [PMID: 22669107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed Polycomb Group protein Yin-Yang1 (YY1) is believed to regulate gene expression through direct binding to DNA elements found in promoters or enhancers of target loci. Additionally, YY1 contains diverse domains that enable a plethora of protein-protein interactions, including association with the Oct4/Sox2 pluripotency complex and Polycomb Group silencing complexes. To elucidate the in vivo role of YY1 during gastrulation, we generated embryos with an epiblast specific deletion of Yy1. Yy1 conditional knockout (cKO) embryos initiate gastrulation, but both primitive streak formation and ingression through the streak is severely impaired. These streak descendants fail to repress E-Cadherin and are unable to undergo an appropriate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Intriguingly, overexpression of Nodal and concomitant reduction of Lefty2 are observed in Yy1 cKO embryos, suggesting that YY1 is normally required for proper Nodal regulation during gastrulation. Furthermore, definitive endoderm is specified but fails to properly integrate into the outer layer. Although anterior neuroectoderm is specified, mesoderm production is severely restricted. We show that YY1 directly binds to the Lefty2 locus in E7.5 embryos and that pharmacological inhibition of Nodal signaling partially restores mesoderm production in Yy1 cKO mutant embryos. Our results reveal critical requirements for YY1 during several important developmental processes, including EMT and regulation of Nodal signaling. These results are the first to elucidate the diverse role of YY1 during gastrulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Trask
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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20
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Yin Yang 1 plays an essential role in breast cancer and negatively regulates p27. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2120-33. [PMID: 22440256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is highly expressed in various types of cancers and regulates tumorigenesis through multiple pathways. In the present study, we evaluated YY1 expression levels in breast cancer cell lines, a breast cancer TMA, and two gene arrays. We observed that, compared with normal samples, YY1 is generally overexpressed in breast cancer cells and tissues. In functional studies, depletion of YY1 inhibited the clonogenicity, migration, invasion, and tumor formation of breast cancer cells, but did not affect the clonogenicity of nontumorigenic cells. Conversely, ectopically expressed YY1 enhanced the migration and invasion of nontumorigenic MCF-10A breast cells. In both a monolayer culture condition and a three-dimensional Matrigel system, silenced YY1 expression changed the architecture of breast cancer MCF-7 cells to that resembling MCF-10A cells, whereas ectopically expressed YY1 in MCF-10A cells had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we detected an inverse correlation between YY1 and p27 expression in both breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors with manipulated YY1 expression. Counteracting the changes in p27 expression attenuated the effects of YY1 alterations on these cells. In addition, YY1 promoted p27 ubiquitination and physically interacted with p27. In conclusion, our data suggest that YY1 is an oncogene and identify p27 as a new target of YY1.
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Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor with diverse and complex biological functions. YY1 either activates or represses gene transcription, depending on the stimuli received by the cells and its association with other cellular factors. Since its discovery, a biological role for YY1 in tumor development and progression has been suggested because of its regulatory activities toward multiple cancer-related proteins and signaling pathways and its overexpression in most cancers. In this review, we primarily focus on YY1 studies in cancer research, including the regulation of YY1 as a transcription factor, its activities independent of its DNA binding ability, the functions of its associated proteins, and mechanisms regulating YY1 expression and activities. We also discuss the correlation of YY1 expression with clinical outcomes of cancer patients and its target potential in cancer therapy. Although there is not a complete consensus about the role of YY1 in cancers based on its activities of regulating oncogene and tumor suppressor expression, most of the currently available evidence supports a proliferative or oncogenic role of YY1 in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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22
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Huang W, Smaldino PJ, Zhang Q, Miller LD, Cao P, Stadelman K, Wan M, Giri B, Lei M, Nagamine Y, Vaughn JP, Akman SA, Sui G. Yin Yang 1 contains G-quadruplex structures in its promoter and 5'-UTR and its expression is modulated by G4 resolvase 1. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:1033-49. [PMID: 21993297 PMCID: PMC3273823 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional protein with regulatory potential in tumorigenesis. Ample studies demonstrated the activities of YY1 in regulating gene expression and mediating differential protein modifications. However, the mechanisms underlying YY1 gene expression are relatively understudied. G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded structures or motifs formed by guanine-rich DNA or RNA domains. The presence of G4 structures in a gene promoter or the 5′-UTR of its mRNA can markedly affect its expression. In this report, we provide strong evidence showing the presence of G4 structures in the promoter and the 5′-UTR of YY1. In reporter assays, mutations in these G4 structure forming sequences increased the expression of Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) downstream of either YY1 promoter or 5′-UTR. We also discovered that G4 Resolvase 1 (G4R1) enhanced the Gluc expression mediated by the YY1 promoter, but not the YY1 5′-UTR. Consistently, G4R1 binds the G4 motif of the YY1 promoter in vitro and ectopically expressed G4R1 increased endogenous YY1 levels. In addition, the analysis of a gene array data consisting of the breast cancer samples of 258 patients also indicates a significant, positive correlation between G4R1 and YY1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Caggia S, Libra M, Malaponte G, Cardile V. Modulation of YY1 and p53 expression by transforming growth factor-β3 in prostate cell lines. Cytokine 2011; 56:403-10. [PMID: 21807531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of a family of secreted polypeptide growth factors. These cytokines play very important roles during development, as well as in normal physiological and disease processes, by regulating a wide array of cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. TGF-β utilizes a multitude of intracellular signalling pathways in addition to Smads with actions that are dependent on circumstances, including dose, target cell type, and context. The aims of this research were (i) to verify the effects of dose-dependent TGF-β3 treatment on YY1 and p53 expression, in BPH-1 cell line, human benign prostate hyperplasia, and two prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, which is androgen-sensitive, and DU-145, which is androgen-non responsive, (ii) establish a correlation between p53 and YY1 and (iii) determine the expression of a number of important intracellular signalling pathways in TGF-β3-treated prostate cell lines. The expression of YY1, p53, PI3K, AKT, pAKT, PTEN, Bcl-2, Bax, and iNOS was evaluated through Western blot analysis on BPH-1, LNCaP, and DU-145 cultures treated with 10 and 50 ng/ml of TGF-β3 for 24 h. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess reagent and cell viability through MTT assay. The results of this research demonstrated profound differences in the responses of the BPH-1, LNCaP, and DU-145 cell lines to TGF-β3 stimulation. We believe that the findings could be important because of the clinical relevance that they may assume and the therapeutic implications for TGF-β treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caggia
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Margaritopoulos GA, Antoniou KM, Soufla G, Vassalou E, Spandidos DA, Siafakas NM. Yin Yang-1(YY-1) expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:188-91. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.557735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rizkallah R, Alexander KE, Kassardjian A, Lüscher B, Hurt MM. The transcription factor YY1 is a substrate for Polo-like kinase 1 at the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15928. [PMID: 21253604 PMCID: PMC3017090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is an essential multifunctional zinc-finger protein. It has been shown over the past two decades to be a critical regulator of a vast array of biological processes, including development, cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. YY1 exerts its functions primarily as a transcription factor that can activate or repress gene expression, dependent on its spatial and temporal context. YY1 regulates a large number of genes involved in cell cycle transitions, many of which are oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. YY1 itself has been classified as an oncogene and was found to be upregulated in many cancer types. Unfortunately, our knowledge of what regulates YY1 is very minimal. Although YY1 has been shown to be a phosphoprotein, no kinase has ever been identified for the phosphorylation of YY1. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has emerged in the past few years as a major cell cycle regulator, particularly for cell division. Plk1 has been shown to play important roles in the G/M transition into mitosis and for the proper execution of cytokinesis, processes that YY1 has been shown to regulate also. Here, we present evidence that Plk1 directly phosphorylates YY1 in vitro and in vivo at threonine 39 in the activation domain. We show that this phosphorylation is cell cycle regulated and peaks at G2/M. This is the first report identifying a kinase for which YY1 is a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Rizkallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ari Kassardjian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Myra M. Hurt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
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Powe DG, Akhtar G, Habashy HO, Abdel-Fatah T, Rakha EA, Green AR, Ellis IO. Investigating AP-2 and YY1 protein expression as a cause of high HER2 gene transcription in breast cancers with discordant HER2 gene amplification. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11:R90. [PMID: 20025767 PMCID: PMC2815554 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Candidacy for anti-HER2 adjuvant therapy in breast cancer is assessed using tumour HER2 status but recently it has been proposed that the transcription factors AP-2α and YY1 may cause Her2 protein overexpression independently of gene amplification. Methods We characterised AP-2α/β, AP-2α and YY1 with HER2 gene and protein expression, other relevant biomarkers, and clinical outcome using tissue microarrays (TMAs) and immunohistochemistry in a large (n = 1,176) clinically annotated series of early stage operable breast cancer. The associations and prognostic independence of AP-2 and YY1 was assessed in all patients and an oestrogen receptor negative subgroup. Results Nuclear expression of AP-2α/β, AP-2α and YY1 was detected in 23%, 44% and 33% of cases respectively. AP-2α/β significantly correlated with YY1 and both markers were increased in luminal oestrogen receptor (ER) positive tumours of small size and low grade but only AP-2α/β correlated with good prognosis breast cancer specific survival and disease free interval (BCSS and DFI). These characteristics were lost in oestrogen receptor negative patients. AP-2α also correlated with luminal-type tumours but not with YY1 expression or good prognosis. AP-2α and YY1 showed a significant correlation with Her2 protein expression and in addition, YY1 correlated with HER2 gene expression. Discordant HER2 gene and protein expression was identified in six cases (0.71% of the study group) with four of these showing AP-2α but absence of AP-2α/β and YY1 expression. Conclusions AP-2α/β and YY1 are markers of good prognosis principally due to their association with oestrogen receptor but are not independent predictors. Discordant HER2 protein/gene expression is a rare event that is not always explained by the actions of AP-2 and YY1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond G Powe
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Lambert JMR, Moshfegh A, Hainaut P, Wiman KG, Bykov VJN. Mutant p53 reactivation by PRIMA-1MET induces multiple signaling pathways converging on apoptosis. Oncogene 2009; 29:1329-38. [PMID: 19946333 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight compound PRIMA-1(MET) reactivates mutant p53 and triggers mutant p53-dependent apoptosis in human tumor cells. We investigated the effect of PRIMA-1(MET) on global gene expression using microarray analysis of Saos-2 cells expressing His273 mutant p53 and parental p53 null Saos-2 cells. PRIMA-1(MET) affected transcription of a significantly larger number of genes in the mutant p53-expressing cells compared to the p53 null cells. Genes affected by PRIMA-1(MET) in a mutant p53-dependent manner include the cell-cycle regulators GADD45B and 14-3-3gamma and the pro-apoptotic Noxa. Several of the affected genes are known p53 target genes and/or contain p53 DNA-binding motifs. We also found mutant p53-dependent disruption of the cytoskeleton, as well as transcriptional activation of the XBP1 gene and cleavage of its mRNA, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our data show that PRIMA-1(MET) induces apoptosis through multiple transcription-dependent and -independent pathways. Such integral engagement of multiple pathways leading to apoptosis is consistent with restoration of wild-type properties to mutant p53 and is likely to reduce the risk of drug resistance development in clinical applications of PRIMA-1(MET).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M R Lambert
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Rizkallah R, Hurt MM. Regulation of the transcription factor YY1 in mitosis through phosphorylation of its DNA-binding domain. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:4766-76. [PMID: 19793915 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-04-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is a ubiquitously expressed zinc finger transcription factor. It regulates a vast array of genes playing critical roles in development, differentiation, and cell cycle. Very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the functions of YY1. It has long been proposed that YY1 is a phosphoprotein; however, a direct link between phosphorylation and the function of YY1 has never been proven. Investigation of the localization of YY1 during mitosis shows that it is distributed to the cytoplasm during prophase and remains excluded from DNA until early telophase. Immunostaining studies show that YY1 is distributed equally between daughter cells and rapidly associates with decondensing chromosomes in telophase, suggesting a role for YY1 in early marking of active and repressed genes. The exclusion of YY1 from DNA in prometaphase HeLa cells correlated with an increase in the phosphorylation of YY1 and loss of DNA-binding activity that can be reversed by dephosphorylation. We have mapped three phosphorylation sites on YY1 during mitosis and show that phosphorylation of two of these sites can abolish the DNA-binding activity of YY1. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism for the inactivation of YY1 through phosphorylation of its DNA-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Rizkallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
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29
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Tan-No K, Shimoda M, Watanabe K, Nakagawasai O, Niijima F, Kanno SI, Ishikawa M, Bakalkin G, Tadano T. Involvement of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein in the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. Neurosci Lett 2009; 450:365-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Loss of p53 induces epidermal growth factor receptor promoter activity in normal human keratinocytes. Oncogene 2008; 27:4315-23. [PMID: 18391986 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human papillomavirus type 16-immortalized human keratinocytes (HKc) is caused by the viral oncoprotein E6, which targets p53 for degradation. We have previously observed that expression of p53 RNAi in normal HKc is associated with an increase in EGFR mRNA and protein. We now report that p53 RNAi induces EGFR promoter activity up to approximately 10-fold in normal HKc, and this effect does not require intact p53 binding sites on the EGFR promoter. Exogenous wild-type p53 inhibits the EGFR promoter at low levels, and activates it at higher concentrations. Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which negatively regulates p53, induces EGFR promoter activity, and this effect is augmented by p53 RNAi. Intact p53 binding sites on the EGFR promoter are not required for activation by YY1. In addition, Sp1 and YY1 synergistically induce the EGFR promoter in normal HKc, indicating that Sp1 may recruit YY1 as a co-activator. Wild-type p53 suppressed Sp1- and YY1-mediated induction of the EGFR promoter. We conclude that acute loss of p53 in normal HKc induces EGFR expression by a mechanism that involves YY1 and Sp1 and does not require p53 binding to the EGFR promoter.
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Luke MPS, Sui G, Liu H, Shi Y. Yin Yang 1 Physically Interacts with Hoxa11 and Represses Hoxa11-dependent Transcription. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:33226-32. [PMID: 16963455 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606584200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays an indispensable role in embryonic development. YY1 contains an evolutionarily conserved, 22-amino acid segment, the PHO homology region (PHR), which is located within its central domain (spacer) and has been shown previously to participate in the recruitment of Polycomb group of proteins and in YY1-mediated transcription. In this report, we show that the PHR physically interacts with several Abd-B-type Hox proteins. Although ectopic expression of Hoxa11 enhanced target promoter activity, overexpression of YY1 repressed this effect, which was abrogated by YY1 siRNA and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. We have further demonstrated that this suppression effect was the result of YY1-dependent recruitment of HDAC2 to the Hoxa11 target promoter. Taken together, our findings show that YY1 represses Hoxa11-dependent transcription via interactions with the Hox proteins and HDAC recruitment, providing a link between an Abd-type Hox protein and a Polycomb group protein at the level of direct protein-protein interactions. These findings not only provide a novel insight into YY1 function but also identify a new regulation of homeotic protein-mediated transcriptional regulation in general.
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32
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Wang CC, Chen JJW, Yang PC. Multifunctional transcription factor YY1: a therapeutic target in human cancer? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 10:253-66. [PMID: 16548774 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.10.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a complex protein that has been shown to play pivotal roles in development, differentiation, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. It can act as a transcriptional repressor, an activator, or an initiator element binding protein that directs and initiates transcription of numerous cellular and viral genes. Because the expression and function of YY1 are known to be intimately associated with cell-cycle progression, the physiological significance of YY1 activity has recently been applied to models of cancer biology. Several lines of evidence imply that YY1 expression and/or activation is associated with tumourigenesis, in addition to its regulatory roles in normal biological processes. However, controversial results also raised and indicated that further studies are still needed to piece all of the seemingly contradictory data into a complete picture. On the basis of YY1 regulations and functions, novel drugs and specific treatment strategies may be developed with new therapeutic applications for tumour patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chung Wang
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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33
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Huerta-Yepez S, Vega M, Garban H, Bonavida B. Involvement of the TNF-α autocrine–paracrine loop, via NF-κB and YY1, in the regulation of tumor cell resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Clin Immunol 2006; 120:297-309. [PMID: 16784892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many tumors are resistant to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis. This study examined the role of tumor-derived TNF-alpha, via an autocrine/paracrine loop, in the regulation of tumor-cell resistance to FasL-induced apoptosis. We have reported that Fas expression and sensitivity to FasL is negatively regulated by the transcription repressor factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Thus, we hypothesized that tumor-derived TNF-alpha induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the transcription repressor YY1, both of which negatively regulate Fas expression and sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis. This hypothesis was tested in PC-3 prostate cancer cells which synthesize and secrete TNF-alpha and express constitutively active NF-kappaB and YY1. Treatment of PC-3 cells with TNF-alpha (10 units) resulted in increased NF-kappaB and YY1 DNA-binding activity, upregulation of YY1 expression, downregulation of surface and total Fas expression and enhanced resistance of PC-3 to apoptosis induced by the FasL agonist antibody CH-11. In contrast, blocking the binding of secreted TNF-alpha on PC-3 cells with soluble recombinant sTNF-RI resulted in significant inhibition of constitutive NF-kappaB and YY1 DNA-binding activity, downregulation of YY1 expression, upregulation of Fas expression and sensitization of tumor cells to CH-11-induced apoptosis. The regulation of YY1 expression and activity by NF-kappaB was demonstrated by the use of the NF-kappaB inhibitor Bay 11-7085 and by the use of a GFP reporter system whereby deletion of the YY1-tandem binding site in the promoter significantly enhanced GFP expression. The direct role of YY1 expression in the regulation of PC-3 resistance to CH-11-induced apoptosis was shown in cells transfected with siRNA YY1 whereby such cells exhibited upregulation of Fas expression and were sensitized to CH-11-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that the TNF-alpha autocrine-paracrine loop is involved in the constitutive activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and YY1 in the tumor cells and this loop leads to inhibition of Fas expression and resistance to FasL-induced apoptosis. Further, these findings identify new targets such as TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB and YY1, whose inhibition can reverse tumor cell resistance to FasL-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1747, USA
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Affar EB, Gay F, Shi Y, Liu H, Huarte M, Wu S, Collins T, Li E, Shi Y. Essential dosage-dependent functions of the transcription factor yin yang 1 in late embryonic development and cell cycle progression. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:3565-81. [PMID: 16611997 PMCID: PMC1447422 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.9.3565-3581.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive ablation of the Yin Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor in mice results in peri-implantation lethality. In this study, we used homologous recombination to generate knockout mice carrying yy1 alleles expressing various amounts of YY1. Phenotypic analysis of yy1 mutant embryos expressing approximately 75%, approximately 50%, and approximately 25% of the normal complement of YY1 identified a dosage-dependent requirement for YY1 during late embryogenesis. Indeed, reduction of YY1 levels impairs embryonic growth and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the corresponding mouse embryonic fibroblast cells also revealed a tight correlation between YY1 dosage and cell proliferation, with a complete ablation of YY1 inducing cytokinesis failure and cell cycle arrest. Consistently, RNA interference-mediated inhibition of YY1 in HeLa cells prevents cytokinesis, causes proliferative arrest, and increases cellular sensitivity to various apoptotic agents. Genome-wide expression profiling identified a plethora of YY1 target genes that have been implicated in cell growth, proliferation, cytokinesis, apoptosis, development, and differentiation, suggesting that YY1 coordinates multiple essential biological processes through a complex transcriptional network. These data not only shed new light on the molecular basis for YY1 developmental roles and cellular functions, but also provide insight into the general mechanisms controlling eukaryotic cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Bachir Affar
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Gordon S, Akopyan G, Garban H, Bonavida B. Transcription factor YY1: structure, function, and therapeutic implications in cancer biology. Oncogene 2006; 25:1125-42. [PMID: 16314846 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is known to have a fundamental role in normal biologic processes such as embryogenesis, differentiation, replication, and cellular proliferation. YY1 exerts its effects on genes involved in these processes via its ability to initiate, activate, or repress transcription depending upon the context in which it binds. Mechanisms of action include direct activation or repression, indirect activation or repression via cofactor recruitment, or activation or repression by disruption of binding sites or conformational DNA changes. YY1 activity is regulated by transcription factors and cytoplasmic proteins that have been shown to abrogate or completely inhibit YY1-mediated activation or repression; however, these mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Since expression and function of YY1 are known to be intimately associated with progression through phases of the cell cycle, the physiologic significance of YY1 activity has recently been applied to models of tumor biology. The majority of the data are consistent with the hypothesis that YY1 overexpression and/or activation is associated with unchecked cellular proliferation, resistance to apoptotic stimuli, tumorigenesis and metastatic potential. Studies involving hematopoetic tumors, epithelial-based tumors, endocrine organ malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma, and retinoblastoma support this hypothesis. Molecular mechanisms that have been investigated include YY1-mediated downregulation of p53 activity, interference with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, alteration in c-myc and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) expression, regulation of death genes and gene products, and differential YY1 binding in the presence of inflammatory mediators. Further, recent findings implicate YY1 in the regulation of tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutics and immune-mediated apoptotic stimuli. Taken together, these findings provide strong support of the hypothesis that YY1, in addition to its regulatory roles in normal biologic processes, may possess the potential to act as an initiator of tumorigenesis and may thus serve as both a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker; furthermore, it may provide an effective target for antitumor chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gordon
- Department of Surgery Division of Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zhang Z, Li M, Rayburn ER, Hill DL, Zhang R, Wang H. Oncogenes as novel targets for cancer therapy (part III): transcription factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 5:327-38. [PMID: 16196502 DOI: 10.2165/00129785-200505050-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This is the third paper in a four-part serial review on potential therapeutic targeting of oncogenes. The previous parts described the involvement of oncogenes in different aspects of cancer growth and development, and considered the new technologies responsible for the advancement of oncogene identification, target validation, and drug design. Because of such advances, new specific and more efficient therapeutic agents can be developed for cancer. This part of the review continues the exploration of various oncogenes that we have grouped within seven categories: growth factors, tyrosine kinases, intermediate signaling molecules, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, DNA damage repair genes, and genes involved in apoptosis. Part one discussed growth factors and tyrosine kinases and part two discussed intermediate signaling molecules. This portion of the review covers transcription factors and the various strategies being used to inhibit their expression or decrease their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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Krippner-Heidenreich A, Walsemann G, Beyrouthy MJ, Speckgens S, Kraft R, Thole H, Talanian RV, Hurt MM, Lüscher B. Caspase-dependent regulation and subcellular redistribution of the transcriptional modulator YY1 during apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:3704-14. [PMID: 15831475 PMCID: PMC1084290 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.9.3704-3714.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) controls many aspects of cell behavior and is essential for development. We analyzed the fate of YY1 during apoptosis and studied the functional consequences. We observed that this factor is rapidly translocated into the cell nucleus in response to various apoptotic stimuli, including activation of Fas, stimulation by tumor necrosis factor, and staurosporine and etoposide treatment. Furthermore, YY1 is cleaved by caspases in vitro and in vivo at two distinct sites, IATD(12)G and DDSD(119)G, resulting in the deletion of the first 119 amino acids early in the apoptotic process. This activity generates an N-terminally truncated YY1 fragment (YY1Delta119) that has lost its transactivation domain but retains its DNA binding domain. Indeed, YY1Delta119 is no longer able to stimulate gene transcription but interacts with DNA. YY1Delta119 but not the wild-type protein or the caspase-resistant mutant YY1D12A/D119A enhances Fas-induced apoptosis, suggesting that YY1 is involved in a positive feedback loop during apoptosis. Our findings provide evidence for a new mode of regulation of YY1 and define a novel aspect of the involvement of YY1 in the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Krippner-Heidenreich
- Abteilung Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Institut für Biochemie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Identification of a disease-specific H pylori virulence factors predictive of the outcome of infection remains unachieved. METHODS We used the polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot to compare the presence of 14 vir homologue genes with clinical presentation of H pylori infection, mucosal histology, and mucosal interleukin (IL)-8 levels. RESULTS We examined 500 H pylori strains from East Asia and South America, including 120 with gastritis, 140 with duodenal ulcer (DU), 110 with gastric ulcer (GU), and 130 with gastric cancer. Only 1 gene that encompassed both jhp0917 and jhp0918 called dupA (duodenal ulcer promoting gene) was associated with a specific clinical outcome. dupA was present in 42% of DU vs. 21% of gastritis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-5.7). Its presence was also associated with more intense antral neutrophil infiltration and IL-8 levels and was a marker for protection against gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer (OR for gastric cancer = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9 compared with gastritis). In vitro studies in gastric epithelial cells using dupA -deleted and -complemented mutants showed that the dupA plays roles in IL-8 production, in activation of transcription factors responsible for IL-8 promoter activity, and in increased survivability at low pH. CONCLUSIONS dupA is a novel marker associated with an increased risk for DU and reduced risk for gastric atrophy and cancer. Its association with DU-promoting and -protective effects against atrophy/cancer was evident in both Asian and Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Beier UH, Görögh T. Implications of galactocerebrosidase and galactosylcerebroside metabolism in cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2005; 115:6-10. [PMID: 15657896 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Galactosylcerebroside is known to be overexpressed upon the cellular surface of a variety of cancers. In squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, one explanation for galactosylcerebroside accumulation has been identified as a transcriptional repression of the galactocerebrosidase gene. Galactocerebrosidase is the enzyme responsible for degrading galactosylcerebroside to ceramide. Ceramide is an important apoptosis activator, whereas galactosylcerebroside functions as an inhibitor. A shift of the ceramide metabolism balance in favor of glycosylated forms has been identified as a mechanism of drug resistance for several antineoplastic agents. Our review elaborates on possible explanations for galactocerebrosidase suppression and on other explanations for increased glycosphingolipid concentration within cancer cell membranes. Furthermore, conjecturable influences of a repressed galactocerebrosidase expression on tumor biology are to be explained. The inhibiting transcription factors YY1 and AP2 have been identified as potential galactocerebrosidase gene suppressors. The resulting accumulation of galactosylcerebroside promotes a reduction of cellular adhesion and inhibits apoptosis, leading to increased cellular growth, migration and prolonged cell survival contributing to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Henning Beier
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Grönroos E, Terentiev AA, Punga T, Ericsson J. YY1 inhibits the activation of the p53 tumor suppressor in response to genotoxic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:12165-70. [PMID: 15295102 PMCID: PMC514451 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402283101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 regulates cell-cycle progression and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress, and inactivation of p53 is a common feature of cancer cells. The levels and activity of p53 are tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional activity. We show that YY1 disrupts the interaction between p53 and the coactivator p300 and that expression of YY1 blocks p300-dependent acetylation and stabilization of p53. Furthermore, expression of YY1 inhibits the accumulation of p53 and the induction of p53 target genes in response to genotoxic stress. YY1 also interacts with Mdm2 and the expression of YY1 promotes the assembly of the p53-Mdm2 complex. Consequently, YY1 enhances Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of p53. Inactivation of endogenous YY1 enhances the accumulation of p53 as well as the expression of p53 target genes in response to DNA damage, and it sensitizes cells to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Hence, our results demonstrate that YY1 regulates the transcriptional activity, acetylation, ubiquitination, and stability of p53 by inhibiting its interaction with the coactivator p300 and by enhancing its interaction with the negative regulator Mdm2. YY1 may, therefore, be an important negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Grönroos
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Box 595, Husargatan 3, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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