1
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Tuttobene MR, Schachter J, Álvarez CL, Saffioti NA, Leal Denis MF, Kessler H, García Véscovi E, Schwarzbaum PJ. ShlA toxin of Serratia induces P2Y2- and α5β1-dependent autophagy and bacterial clearance from host cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105119. [PMID: 37527778 PMCID: PMC10474472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic human pathogen involved in antibiotic-resistant hospital acquired infections. Upon contact with the host epithelial cell and prior to internalization, Serratia induces an early autophagic response that is entirely dependent on the ShlA toxin. Once Serratia invades the eukaryotic cell and multiples inside an intracellular vacuole, ShlA expression also promotes an exocytic event that allows bacterial egress from the host cell without compromising its integrity. Several toxins, including ShlA, were shown to induce ATP efflux from eukaryotic cells. Here, we demonstrate that ShlA triggered a nonlytic release of ATP from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Enzymatic removal of accumulated extracellular ATP (eATP) or pharmacological blockage of the eATP-P2Y2 purinergic receptor inhibited the ShlA-promoted autophagic response in CHO cells. Despite the intrinsic ecto-ATPase activity of CHO cells, the effective concentration and kinetic profile of eATP was consistent with the established affinity of the P2Y2 receptor and the known kinetics of autophagy induction. Moreover, eATP removal or P2Y2 receptor inhibition also suppressed the ShlA-induced exocytic expulsion of the bacteria from the host cell. Blocking α5β1 integrin highly inhibited ShlA-dependent autophagy, a result consistent with α5β1 transactivation by the P2Y2 receptor. In sum, eATP operates as the key signaling molecule that allows the eukaryotic cell to detect the challenge imposed by the contact with the ShlA toxin. Stimulation of P2Y2-dependent pathways evokes the activation of a defensive response to counteract cell damage and promotes the nonlytic clearance of the pathogen from the infected cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisel R Tuttobene
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Julieta Schachter
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cora L Álvarez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A Saffioti
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Florencia Leal Denis
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Eleonora García Véscovi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Pablo J Schwarzbaum
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Meecham A, Cutmore LC, Protopapa P, Rigby LG, Marshall JF. Ligand-bound integrin αvβ6 internalisation and trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:920303. [PMID: 36092709 PMCID: PMC9448872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.920303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ6 is expressed at low levels in most normal healthy tissue but is very often upregulated in a disease context including cancer and fibrosis. Integrins use endocytosis and trafficking as a means of regulating their surface expression and thus their functions, however little is known of how this process is regulated in the context of αvβ6. As αvβ6 is a major target for the development of therapeutics in cancer and fibrosis, understanding these dynamics is critical in the development of αvβ6-targeted therapies. Following development of a flow cytometry-based assay to measure ligand (A20FMDV2 or LAP)-bound αvβ6 endocytosis, an siRNA screen was performed to identify which genes were responsible for internalising αvβ6. These data identified 15 genes (DNM2, CBLB, DNM3, CBL, EEA1, CLTC, ARFGAP3, CAV1, CYTH2, CAV3, CAV2, IQSEC1, AP2M1, TSG101) which significantly decreased endocytosis, predominantly within dynamin-dependent pathways. Inhibition of these dynamin-dependent pathways significantly reduced αvβ6-dependent migration (αvβ6-specific migration was 547 ± 128 under control conditions, reduced to 225 ± 73 with clathrin inhibition, and 280 ± 51 with caveolin inhibition). Colocalization studies of αvβ6 with endosome markers revealed that up to 6 h post-internalisation of ligand, αvβ6 remains in Rab11-positive endosomes in a perinuclear location, with no evidence of αvβ6 degradation up to 48 h post exposure to A20FMDV2. Additionally, 60% of ligand-bound αvβ6 was recycled back to the surface by 6 h. With studies ongoing using conjugated A20FMDV2 to therapeutically target αvβ6 in cancer and fibrosis, these data have important implications. Binding of A20FMDV2 seemingly removes much of the αvβ6 from the cell membrane, and upon its recycling, a large fraction appears to still be in the ligand-bound state. While these results are observed with A20FMDV2, these data will be of value in the design of αvβ6-specific therapeutics and potentially the types of therapeutic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Meecham
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lauren C. Cutmore
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pantelitsa Protopapa
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren G. Rigby
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Marshall
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Chai M, Su L, Hao X, Zhang M, Zheng L, Bi J, Han X, Yu B. Identification of genes and signaling pathways associated with arthrogryposis‑renal dysfunction‑cholestasis syndrome using weighted correlation network analysis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2238-2246. [PMID: 30015832 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the molecular basis of the arthrogryposis‑renal dysfunction‑cholestasis (ARC) syndrome, which is caused by mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 33 homolog B (VPS33B) gene. The microarray dataset GSE83192, which contained six liver tissue samples from VPS33B knockout mice and four liver tissue samples from control mice, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the Limma package in R software. The DEGs most relevant to ARC were selected via weighted gene co‑expression network analysis to construct a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network. In addition, module analysis was performed for the PPI network using the Molecular Complex Detection function. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were also performed for DEGs in the PPI network. Potential drugs for ARC treatment were predicted using the Connectivity Map database. In total, 768 upregulated and 379 downregulated DEGs were detected in the VPS33B knockout mice, while three modules were identified from the PPI network constructed. The DEGs in module 1 (CD83, IL1B and TLR2) were mainly involved in the positive regulation of cytokine production and the Toll‑like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The DEGs in module 2 (COL1A1 and COL1A2) were significantly enriched with respect to cellular component organization, extracellular matrix‑receptor interactions and focal adhesion. The DEGs in module 3 (ABCG8 and ABCG3) were clearly associated with sterol absorption and transport. Furthermore, mercaptopurine was identified to be a potential drug (connectivity score=‑0.939) for ARC treatment. In conclusion, the results of the current study may help to further understand the pathology of ARC, and the DEGs identified in these modules may serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Liju Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Jiabing Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Bohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
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Wang G, Nola S, Bovio S, Bun P, Coppey-Moisan M, Lafont F, Galli T. Biomechanical Control of Lysosomal Secretion Via the VAMP7 Hub: A Tug-of-War between VARP and LRRK1. iScience 2018; 4:127-143. [PMID: 30240735 PMCID: PMC6147023 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rigidity of the cell environment can vary tremendously between tissues and in pathological conditions. How this property may affect intracellular membrane dynamics is still largely unknown. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we show that cells deficient in the secretory lysosome v-SNARE VAMP7 are impaired in adaptation to substrate rigidity. Conversely, VAMP7-mediated secretion is stimulated by more rigid substrate and this regulation depends on the Longin domain of VAMP7. We further find that the Longin domain binds the kinase and retrograde trafficking adaptor LRRK1 and that LRRK1 negatively regulates VAMP7-mediated exocytosis. Conversely, VARP, a VAMP7- and kinesin 1-interacting protein, further controls the availability for secretion of peripheral VAMP7 vesicles and response of cells to mechanical constraints. LRRK1 and VARP interact with VAMP7 in a competitive manner. We propose a mechanism whereby biomechanical constraints regulate VAMP7-dependent lysosomal secretion via LRRK1 and VARP tug-of-war control of the peripheral pool of secretory lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, INSERM U950, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75205, France; Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la Santé, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sébastien Nola
- Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, INSERM U950, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75205, France; Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la Santé, Paris 75014, France
| | - Simone Bovio
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Bun
- NeurImag Tech Core Facility, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Maïté Coppey-Moisan
- Mechanotransduction: from Cell Surface to Nucleus, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, INSERM U950, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75205, France; Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la Santé, Paris 75014, France.
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5
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Theret L, Jeanne A, Langlois B, Hachet C, David M, Khrestchatisky M, Devy J, Hervé E, Almagro S, Dedieu S. Identification of LRP-1 as an endocytosis and recycling receptor for β1-integrin in thyroid cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78614-78632. [PMID: 29108253 PMCID: PMC5667986 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LRP-1 is a large endocytic receptor mediating the clearance of various molecules from the extracellular matrix. LRP-1 was reported to control focal adhesion turnover to optimize the adhesion-deadhesion balance to support invasion. To better understand how LRP-1 coordinates cell-extracellular matrix interface, we explored its ability to regulate cell surface integrins in thyroid carcinomas. Using an antibody approach, we demonstrated that β1-integrin levels were increased at the plasma membrane under LRP1 silencing or upon RAP treatment, used as LRP-1 antagonist. Our data revealed that LRP-1 binds with both inactive and active β1-integrin conformations and identified the extracellular ligand-binding domains II or IV of LRP-1 as sufficient to bind β1-integrin. Using a recombinant β1-integrin, we demonstrated that LRP-1 acts as a regulator of β1-integrin intracellular traffic. Moreover, RAP or LRP-1 blocking antibodies decreased up to 36% the number of β1-integrin-containing endosomes. LRP-1 blockade did not significantly affect the levels of β1-integrin-containing lysosomes while decreasing localization of β1-integrin within Rab-11 positive vesicles. Overall, we identified an original molecular process in which LRP-1 acts as a main regulator of β1-integrin internalization and recycling in thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Theret
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Albin Jeanne
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France.,SATT Nord, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Langlois
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Cathy Hachet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Marion David
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jérôme Devy
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Emonard Hervé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Sébastien Almagro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, Reims, France
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6
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Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric receptors that bind to components of the extracellular matrix and influence cellular processes as varied as proliferation and migration. These effects are achieved by tight spatiotemporal control over intracellular signalling pathways, including those that mediate cytoskeletal reorganisation. The ability of integrins to bind to ligands is governed by integrin conformation, or activity, and this is widely acknowledged to be an important route to the regulation of integrin function. Over the last 15 years, however, the pathways that regulate endocytosis and recycling of integrins have emerged as major players in controlling integrin action, and studying integrin trafficking has revealed fresh insight into the function of this fascinating class of extracellular matrix receptors, in particular in the context of cell migration and invasion. Here, we review our current understanding of the contribution of integrin trafficking to cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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7
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García-Melero A, Reverter M, Hoque M, Meneses-Salas E, Koese M, Conway JRW, Johnsen CH, Alvarez-Guaita A, Morales-Paytuvi F, Elmaghrabi YA, Pol A, Tebar F, Murray RZ, Timpson P, Enrich C, Grewal T, Rentero C. Annexin A6 and Late Endosomal Cholesterol Modulate Integrin Recycling and Cell Migration. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1320-35. [PMID: 26578516 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexins are a family of proteins that bind to phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Earlier studies implicated annexin A6 (AnxA6) to inhibit secretion and participate in the organization of the extracellular matrix. We recently showed that elevated AnxA6 levels significantly reduced secretion of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN). Because FN is directly linked to the ability of cells to migrate, this prompted us to investigate the role of AnxA6 in cell migration. Up-regulation of AnxA6 in several cell models was associated with reduced cell migration in wound healing, individual cell tracking and three-dimensional migration/invasion assays. The reduced ability of AnxA6-expressing cells to migrate was associated with decreased cell surface expression of αVβ3 and α5β1 integrins, both FN receptors. Mechanistically, we found that elevated AnxA6 levels interfered with syntaxin-6 (Stx6)-dependent recycling of integrins to the cell surface. AnxA6 overexpression caused mislocalization and accumulation of Stx6 and integrins in recycling endosomes, whereas siRNA-mediated AnxA6 knockdown did not modify the trafficking of integrins. Given our recent findings that inhibition of cholesterol export from late endosomes (LEs) inhibits Stx6-dependent integrin recycling and that elevated AnxA6 levels cause LE cholesterol accumulation, we propose that AnxA6 and blockage of LE cholesterol transport are critical for endosomal function required for Stx6-mediated recycling of integrins in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Melero
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Reverter
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monira Hoque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Elsa Meneses-Salas
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meryem Koese
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Program, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Camilla H Johnsen
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Morales-Paytuvi
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmin A Elmaghrabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, and
| | - Francesc Tebar
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, and
| | - Rachael Z Murray
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4095, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Program, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, and
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia,
| | - Carles Rentero
- From the Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain, and
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8
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Meng J, Wang J. Role of SNARE proteins in tumourigenesis and their potential as targets for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:1-12. [PMID: 25956199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The function of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in cellular trafficking, membrane fusion and vesicle release in synaptic nerve terminals is well characterised. Recent studies suggest that SNAREs are also important in the control of tumourigenesis through the regulation of multiple signalling and transportation pathways. The majority of published studies investigated the effects of knockdown/knockout or overexpression of particular SNAREs on the normal function of cells as well as their dysfunction in tumourigenesis promotion. SNAREs are involved in the regulation of cancer cell invasion, chemo-resistance, the transportation of autocrine and paracrine factors, autophagy, apoptosis and the phosphorylation of kinases essential for cancer cell biogenesis. This evidence highlights SNAREs as potential targets for novel cancer therapy. This is the first review to summarise the expression and role of SNAREs in cancer biology at the cellular level, their interaction with non-SNARE proteins and modulation of cellular signalling cascades. Finally, a strategy is proposed for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics using targeted delivery of a SNARE-inactivating protease into malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Meng
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jiafu Wang
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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9
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Reverter M, Rentero C, Garcia-Melero A, Hoque M, Vilà de Muga S, Alvarez-Guaita A, Conway JRW, Wood P, Cairns R, Lykopoulou L, Grinberg D, Vilageliu L, Bosch M, Heeren J, Blasi J, Timpson P, Pol A, Tebar F, Murray RZ, Grewal T, Enrich C. Cholesterol regulates Syntaxin 6 trafficking at trans-Golgi network endosomal boundaries. Cell Rep 2014; 7:883-97. [PMID: 24746815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cholesterol export from late endosomes causes cellular cholesterol imbalance, including cholesterol depletion in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) mutant cell lines and human NPC1 mutant fibroblasts, we show that altered cholesterol levels at the TGN/endosome boundaries trigger Syntaxin 6 (Stx6) accumulation into VAMP3, transferrin, and Rab11-positive recycling endosomes (REs). This increases Stx6/VAMP3 interaction and interferes with the recycling of αVβ3 and α5β1 integrins and cell migration, possibly in a Stx6-dependent manner. In NPC1 mutant cells, restoration of cholesterol levels in the TGN, but not inhibition of VAMP3, restores the steady-state localization of Stx6 in the TGN. Furthermore, elevation of RE cholesterol is associated with increased amounts of Stx6 in RE. Hence, the fine-tuning of cholesterol levels at the TGN-RE boundaries together with a subset of cholesterol-sensitive SNARE proteins may play a regulatory role in cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Reverter
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Melero
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monira Hoque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sandra Vilà de Muga
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Program, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Peta Wood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rose Cairns
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lilia Lykopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II. Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juan Blasi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, IDIBELL-University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Program, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avaçats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachael Z Murray
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical, Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4095, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Naydenov NG, Feygin A, Wang L, Ivanov AI. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein α (αSNAP) regulates matrix adhesion and integrin processing in human epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2424-39. [PMID: 24311785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.498691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-based adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in controlling differentiation, survival, and motility of epithelial cells. Cells attach to the ECM via dynamic structures called focal adhesions (FA). FA undergo constant remodeling mediated by vesicle trafficking and fusion. A soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein α (αSNAP) is an essential mediator of membrane fusion; however, its roles in regulating ECM adhesion and cell motility remain unexplored. In this study, we found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of αSNAP induced detachment of intestinal epithelial cells, whereas overexpression of αSNAP increased ECM adhesion and inhibited cell invasion. Loss of αSNAP impaired Golgi-dependent glycosylation and trafficking of β1 integrin and decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin resulting in FA disassembly. These effects of αSNAP depletion on ECM adhesion were independent of apoptosis and NSF. In agreement with our previous reports that Golgi fragmentation mediates cellular effects of αSNAP knockdown, we found that either pharmacologic or genetic disruption of the Golgi recapitulated all the effects of αSNAP depletion on ECM adhesion. Furthermore, our data implicates β1 integrin, FAK, and paxillin in mediating the observed pro-adhesive effects of αSNAP. These results reveal novel roles for αSNAP in regulating ECM adhesion and motility of epithelial cells.
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11
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Garcia EA, Trivellin G, Aflorei ED, Powell M, Grieve J, Alusi G, Pobereskin L, Shariati B, Cudlip S, Roncaroli F, Mendoza N, Grossman AB, Harper EA, Korbonits M. Characterization of SNARE proteins in human pituitary adenomas: targeted secretion inhibitors as a new strategy for the treatment of acromegaly? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1918-26. [PMID: 24152687 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Targeted secretion inhibitors (TSIs), a new class of recombinant biotherapeutic proteins engineered from botulinum toxin, represent a novel approach for treating diseases with excess secretion. They inhibit hormone secretion from targeted cell types through cleavage of SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-activating protein receptor) proteins. qGHRH-LH(N)/D is a TSI targeting pituitary somatotroph through binding to the GHRH-receptor and cleavage of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) family of SNARE proteins. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to study SNARE protein expression in pituitary adenomas and to inhibit GH secretion from somatotropinomas using qGHRH-LH(N)/D. DESIGN We analyzed human pituitary adenoma analysis for SNARE expression and response to qGHRH-LH(N)/D treatment. SETTING The study was conducted in University Hospitals. PATIENTS We used pituitary adenoma samples from 25 acromegaly and 47 nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma patients. OUTCOME Vesicle-SNARE (VAMP1-3), target-SNARE (syntaxin1, SNAP-23, and SNAP-25), and GHRH-receptor detection with RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting. Assessment of TSI catalytic activity on VAMPs and release of GH from adenoma cells. RESULTS SNARE proteins were variably expressed in pituitary samples. In vitro evidence using recombinant GFP-VAMP2&3 or pituitary adenoma lysates suggested sufficient catalytic activity of qGHRH-LH(N)/D to degrade VAMPs, but was unable to inhibit GH secretion in somatotropinoma cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS SNARE proteins are present in human pituitary somatotroph adenomas that can be targeted by TSIs to inhibit GH secretion. qGHRH-LH(N)/D was unable to inhibit GH secretion from human somatotroph adenoma cells. Further studies are required to understand how the SNARE proteins drive GH secretion in human somatotrophs to allow the development of novel TSIs with a potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Garcia
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Somers Building, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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12
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Bridgewater RE, Norman JC, Caswell PT. Integrin trafficking at a glance. J Cell Sci 2013; 125:3695-701. [PMID: 23027580 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.095810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Bridgewater
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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13
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PKD controls αvβ3 integrin recycling and tumor cell invasive migration through its substrate Rabaptin-5. Dev Cell 2013; 23:560-72. [PMID: 22975325 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrin recycling is critical for cell migration. Protein kinase D (PKD) mediates signals from the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) to control αvβ3 integrin recycling. We now show that Rabaptin-5, a Rab5 effector in endosomal membrane fusion, is a PKD substrate. PKD phosphorylates Rabaptin-5 at Ser407, and this is both necessary and sufficient for PDGF-dependent short-loop recycling of αvβ3, which in turn inhibits α5β1 integrin recycling. Rab4, but not Rab5, interacts with phosphorylated Rabaptin-5 toward the front of migrating cells to promote delivery of αvβ3 to the leading edge, thereby driving persistent cell motility and invasion that is dependent on this integrin. Consistently, disruption of Rabaptin-5 Ser407 phosphorylation reduces persistent cell migration in 2D and αvβ3-dependent invasion. Conversely, invasive migration that is dependent on α5β1 integrin is promoted by disrupting Rabaptin phosphorylation. These findings demonstrate that the PKD pathway couples receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to an integrin switch via Rabaptin-5 phosphorylation.
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14
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Riggs KA, Hasan N, Humphrey D, Raleigh C, Nevitt C, Corbin D, Hu C. Regulation of integrin endocytic recycling and chemotactic cell migration by syntaxin 6 and VAMP3 interaction. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3827-39. [PMID: 22573826 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are the primary receptors of cells adhering to the extracellular matrix, and play key roles in various cellular processes including migration, proliferation and survival. The expression and distribution of integrins at the cell surface is controlled by endocytosis and recycling. The present study examines the function of syntaxin 6 (STX6), a t-SNARE located in the trans-Golgi network, in integrin trafficking. STX6 is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. We show that depletion of STX6 inhibits chemotactic cell migration and the delivery of the laminin receptor α3β1 integrin to the cell surface, whereas STX6 overexpression stimulates chemotactic cell migration, integrin delivery, and integrin-initiated activation of focal adhesion kinase. These data indicate that STX6 plays a rate-limiting role in cell migration and integrin trafficking. In STX6-depleted cells, α3β1 integrin is accumulated in recycling endosomes that contain the v-SNARE VAMP3. Importantly, we show that STX6 and VAMP3 form a v-/t-SNARE complex, VAMP3 is required in α3β1 integrin delivery to the cell surface, and endocytosed α3β1 integrin traffics to both VAMP3 and STX6 compartments. Collectively, our data suggest a new integrin trafficking pathway in which endocytosed integrins are transported from VAMP3-containing recycling endosomes to STX6-containing trans-Golgi network before being recycled to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Riggs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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15
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Williams KC, Coppolino MG. Phosphorylation of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and its vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7)-dependent trafficking facilitate cell invasion and migration. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43405-16. [PMID: 22002060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.297069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, uncontrolled movement of cells can contribute to pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer. In highly aggressive tumors, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is linked to the capacity of tumor cells to invade surrounding tissue and current research indicates that the membrane-anchored membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has a central role in this process. Endocytosis and trafficking of MT1-MMP are essential for its proper function, and here we examine the phosphorylation, internalization, and recycling of this enzyme, and the associated biochemical signaling in HeLa and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Activation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in phosphorylation of endogenous MT1-MMP at Thr(567) in vivo. Mutation of Thr(567) to alanine (to mimic non-phosphorylated MT1-MMP) reduced internalization of MT1-MMP, whereas mutation of Thr(567) to glutamic acid (to mimic phosphorylation) resulted in decreased levels of MT1-MMP on the cell surface. The endosomal trafficking and recycling of MT1-MMP was found to be dependent upon Rab7 and VAMP7, and blocking the function of these proteins reduced cell migration and invasion. Intracellular trafficking of MT1-MMP was observed to be coupled to the trafficking of integrin α5 and phosphorylation of ERK that coincided with this was dependent on phosphorylation of MT1-MMP. Together, these results reveal important roles for MT1-MMP phosphorylation and trafficking in both cell signaling and cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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16
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Autophagosome precursor maturation requires homotypic fusion. Cell 2011; 146:303-17. [PMID: 21784250 PMCID: PMC3171170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process in which lysosomes degrade intracytoplasmic contents transported in double-membraned autophagosomes. Autophagosomes are formed by the elongation and fusion of phagophores, which can be derived from preautophagosomal structures coming from the plasma membrane and other sites like the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The mechanisms by which preautophagosomal structures elongate their membranes and mature toward fully formed autophagosomes still remain unknown. Here, we show that the maturation of the early Atg16L1 precursors requires homotypic fusion, which is essential for subsequent autophagosome formation. Atg16L1 precursor homotypic fusion depends on the SNARE protein VAMP7 together with partner SNAREs. Atg16L1 precursor homotypic fusion is a critical event in the early phases of autophagy that couples membrane acquisition and autophagosome biogenesis, as this step regulates the size of the vesicles, which in turn appears to influence their subsequent maturation into LC3-positive autophagosomes.
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Tiwari A, Jung JJ, Inamdar SM, Brown CO, Goel A, Choudhury A. Endothelial cell migration on fibronectin is regulated by syntaxin 6-mediated alpha5beta1 integrin recycling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36749-61. [PMID: 21880737 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.260828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The α5β1 integrin heterodimer regulates many processes that contribute to embryonic development and angiogenesis, in both physiological and pathological contexts. As one of the major adhesion complexes on endothelial cells, it plays a vital role in adhesion and migration along the extracellular matrix. We recently showed that angiogenesis is modulated by syntaxin 6, a Golgi- and endosome-localized t-SNARE, and that it does so by regulating the post-Golgi trafficking of VEGFR2. Here we show that syntaxin 6 is also required for α5β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of endothelial cells to, and migration along, fibronectin. We demonstrate that syntaxin 6 and α5β1 integrin colocalize in EEA1-containing early endosomes, and that functional inhibition of syntaxin 6 leads to misrouting of β1 integrin to the degradation pathway (late endosomes and lysosomes) rather transport along recycling pathway from early endosomes; an increase in the pool of ubiquitinylated α5 integrin and its lysosome-dependent degradation; reduced cell spreading on fibronectin; decreased Rac1 activation; and altered Rac1 localization. Collectively, our data show that functional syntaxin 6 is required for the regulation of α5β1-mediated endothelial cell movement on fibronectin. These syntaxin 6-regulated membrane trafficking events control outside-in signaling via haptotactic and chemotactic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Tiwari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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18
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Veale KJ, Offenhäuser C, Lei N, Stanley AC, Stow JL, Murray RZ. VAMP3 regulates podosome organisation in macrophages and together with Stx4/SNAP23 mediates adhesion, cell spreading and persistent migration. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1817-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Skalski M, Sharma N, Williams K, Kruspe A, Coppolino MG. SNARE-mediated membrane traffic is required for focal adhesion kinase signaling and Src-regulated focal adhesion turnover. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:148-58. [PMID: 20888376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Integrin signaling is central to cell growth and differentiation, and critical for the processes of apoptosis, cell migration and wound repair. Previous research has demonstrated a requirement for SNARE-dependent membrane traffic in integrin trafficking, as well as cell adhesion and migration. The goal of the present research was to ascertain whether SNARE-dependent membrane trafficking is required specifically for integrin-mediated signaling. Membrane traffic was inhibited in Chinese hamster ovary cells by expression of dominant-negative (E329Q) N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) or a truncated form of the SNARE SNAP23. Integrin signaling was monitored as cells were plated on fibronectin under serum-free conditions. E329Q-NSF expression inhibited phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on Tyr397 at early time points of adhesion. Phosphorylation of FAK on Tyr576, Tyr861 and Tyr925 was also impaired by expression of E329Q-NSF or truncated SNAP23, as was trafficking, localization and activation of Src and its interaction with FAK. Decreased FAK-Src interaction coincided with reduced Rac activation, decreased focal adhesion turnover, reduced Akt phosphorylation and lower phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate levels in the cell periphery. Over-expression of plasma membrane-targeted Src or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) rescued cell spreading and focal adhesion turnover. The results suggest that SNARE-dependent trafficking is required for integrin signaling through a FAK/Src/PI3K-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skalski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Rab11 and its effector Rab coupling protein contribute to the trafficking of beta 1 integrins during axon growth in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons and PC12 cells. J Neurosci 2010; 30:11654-69. [PMID: 20810886 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2425-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins play an important part in axon growth, but integrin traffic in neurons is poorly understood. Expression of the tenascin-C-binding integrin alpha9 promotes axon regeneration. We have therefore studied the mechanism by which alpha9 integrin and its partner beta1 are trafficked along axons and at the growth cone using adult DRG neurons and PC12 cells. We have focused on the small GTPase Rab11 and its effector Rab coupling protein (RCP), as they are involved in the long-range trafficking of beta1 integrins in other cells. Rab11 colocalizes with alpha9 and other alpha integrins and with beta1 integrin in growth cones and axons, and immunopurified Rab11 vesicles contain alpha9 and beta1. Endocytosed beta1 integrins traffic via Rab11. However, Rab11 vesicles in axons are generally static, and alpha9 integrins undergo bouts of movement during which they leave the Rab11 compartment. In growth cones, alpha9 and beta1 overlap with RCP, particularly at the growth cone periphery. We show that beta1 integrin trafficking during neurite outgrowth involves Rab11 and RCP, and that manipulation of these molecules alters surface integrin levels and axon growth, and can be used to enhance alpha9 integrin-dependent neurite outgrowth. Our data suggest that manipulation of trafficking via Rab11 and RCP could be a useful strategy for promoting integrin-dependent axonal regeneration.
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Skalski M, Yi Q, Kean MJ, Myers DW, Williams KC, Burtnik A, Coppolino MG. Lamellipodium extension and membrane ruffling require different SNARE-mediated trafficking pathways. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:62. [PMID: 20698987 PMCID: PMC2925818 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracellular membrane traffic is an essential component of the membrane remodeling that supports lamellipodium extension during cell adhesion. The membrane trafficking pathways that contribute to cell adhesion have not been fully elucidated, but recent studies have implicated SNARE proteins. Here, the functions of several SNAREs (SNAP23, VAMP3, VAMP4 and syntaxin13) are characterized during the processes of cell spreading and membrane ruffling. Results We report the first description of a SNARE complex, containing SNAP23, syntaxin13 and cellubrevin/VAMP3, that is induced by cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix. Impairing the function of the SNAREs in the complex using inhibitory SNARE domains disrupted the recycling endosome, impeded delivery of integrins to the cell surface, and reduced haptotactic cell migration and spreading. Blocking SNAP23 also inhibited the formation of PMA-stimulated, F-actin-rich membrane ruffles; however, membrane ruffle formation was not significantly altered by inhibition of VAMP3 or syntaxin13. In contrast, membrane ruffling, and not cell spreading, was sensitive to inhibition of two SNAREs within the biosynthetic secretory pathway, GS15 and VAMP4. Consistent with this, formation of a complex containing VAMP4 and SNAP23 was enhanced by treatment of cells with PMA. The results reveal a requirement for the function of a SNAP23-syntaxin13-VAMP3 complex in the formation of lamellipodia during cell adhesion and of a VAMP4-SNAP23-containing complex during PMA-induced membrane ruffling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that different SNARE-mediated trafficking pathways support membrane remodeling during ECM-induced lamellipodium extension and PMA-induced ruffle formation, pointing to important mechanistic differences between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skalski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guleph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Kean MJ, Williams KC, Skalski M, Myers D, Burtnik A, Foster D, Coppolino MG. VAMP3, syntaxin-13 and SNAP23 are involved in secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, degradation of the extracellular matrix and cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2010; 122:4089-98. [PMID: 19910495 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.052761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), an essential component of many physiological and pathological processes, is dependent on the trafficking and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane traffic has documented roles in cell-ECM interactions and the present study specifically examines SNARE function in the trafficking of MMPs during ECM degradation. Using the invasive human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080, we demonstrate that a plasma membrane SNARE, SNAP23, and an endosomal v-SNARE, VAMP3 (also known as cellubrevin), partly colocalize with MMP2 and MMP9, and that inhibition of these SNAREs using dominant-negative SNARE mutants impaired secretion of the MMPs. Inhibition of VAMP3, SNAP23 or syntaxin-13 using dominant-negative SNARES, RNA interference or tetanus toxin impaired trafficking of membrane type 1 MMP to the cell surface. Consistent with these observations, we found that blocking the function of these SNAREs reduced the ability of HT-1080 cells to degrade a gelatin substrate in situ and impaired invasion of HT-1080 cells in vitro. The results reveal the importance of VAMP3, syntaxin-13 and SNAP23 in the trafficking of MMP during degradation of ECM substrates and subsequent cellular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Kean
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Jones J, Juengel E, Mickuckyte A, Hudak L, Wedel S, Jonas D, Hintereder G, Blaheta RA. Valproic acid blocks adhesion of renal cell carcinoma cells to endothelium and extracellular matrix. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:2342-2352. [PMID: 19067765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment strategies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been limited due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. The development of targeted drugs has now opened novel therapeutic options. In the present study, anti-tumoral properties of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) were tested in vitro and in vivo on pre-clinical RCC models. RCC cell lines Caki-1, KTC-26 or A498 were treated with various concentrations of VPA to evaluate tumour cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins. In vivo tumour growth was conducted in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. VPA was also combined with low dosed interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and the efficacy of the combination therapy, as opposed to VPA monotherapy, was compared. VPA significantly and dose-dependently prevented tumour cell attachment to endothelium or matrix proteins, accompanied by elevated histones H3 and H4 acetylation. VPA altered integrin-alpha and -beta subtype expression, in particular alpha(3), alpha(5) and beta(3), and blocked integrin-dependent signalling. In vivo, VPA significantly inhibited the growth of Caki-1 in subcutaneous xenografts with the 200 mg/kg being superior to the 400 mg/kg dosing schedule. VPA-IFN-alpha combination markedly enhanced the effects of VPA on RCC adhesion, and in vivo tumour growth was further reduced by the 400 mg/kg but not by the 200 mg/kg VPA dosing schedule. VPA profoundly blocked the interaction of RCC cells with endothelium and extracellular matrix and reduced tumour growth in vivo. Therefore, VPA should be considered an attractive candidate for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Jones
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ausra Mickuckyte
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukasz Hudak
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen Wedel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dietger Jonas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gudrun Hintereder
- Zentrallabor, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Goethe-University-Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kim H, Nakamura F, Lee W, Hong C, Pérez-Sala D, McCulloch CA. Regulation of cell adhesion to collagen via β1 integrins is dependent on interactions of filamin A with vimentin and protein kinase C epsilon. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1829-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Rapaport D, Lugassy Y, Sprecher E, Horowitz M. Loss of SNAP29 impairs endocytic recycling and cell motility. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9759. [PMID: 20305790 PMCID: PMC2841205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular membrane trafficking depends on the ordered formation and consumption of transport intermediates and requires that membranes fuse with each other in a tightly regulated and highly specific manner. Membrane anchored SNAREs assemble into SNARE complexes that bring membranes together to promote fusion. SNAP29 is a ubiquitous synaptosomal-associated SNARE protein. It interacts with several syntaxins and with the EH domain containing protein EHD1. Loss of functional SNAP29 results in CEDNIK syndrome (Cerebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis and Keratoderma). Using fibroblast cell lines derived from CEDNIK patients, we show that SNAP29 mediates endocytic recycling of transferrin and β1-integrin. Impaired β1-integrin recycling affected cell motility, as reflected by changes in cell spreading and wound healing. No major changes were detected in exocytosis of VSVG protein from the Golgi apparatus, although the Golgi system acquired a dispersed morphology in SNAP29 deficient cells. Our results emphasize the importance of SNAP29 mediated membrane fusion in endocytic recycling and consequently, in cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Rapaport
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Yevgenia Lugassy
- Center for Translational Genetics, Rappaport Institute and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Translational Genetics, Rappaport Institute and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mia Horowitz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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26
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Fletcher SJ, Rappoport JZ. Moving forward: polarised trafficking in cell migration. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Identification of a novel Bves function: regulation of vesicular transport. EMBO J 2010; 29:532-45. [PMID: 20057356 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel/epicardial substance (Bves) is a transmembrane protein that influences cell adhesion and motility through unknown mechanisms. We have discovered that Bves directly interacts with VAMP3, a SNARE protein that facilitates vesicular transport and specifically recycles transferrin and beta-1-integrin. Two independent assays document that cells expressing a mutated form of Bves are severely impaired in the recycling of these molecules, a phenotype consistent with disruption of VAMP3 function. Using Morpholino knockdown in Xenopus laevis, we demonstrate that elimination of Bves function specifically inhibits transferrin receptor recycling, and results in gastrulation defects previously reported with impaired integrin-dependent cell movements. Kymographic analysis of Bves-depleted primary and cultured cells reveals severe impairment of cell spreading and adhesion on fibronectin, indicative of disruption of integrin-mediated adhesion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Bves interacts with VAMP3 and facilitates receptor recycling both in vitro and during early development. Thus, this study establishes a newly identified role for Bves in vesicular transport and reveals a novel, broadly applied mechanism governing SNARE protein function.
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Hasan N, Hu C. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 mediates trafficking of α5β1 integrin to the plasma membrane. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Chaineau M, Danglot L, Galli T. Multiple roles of the vesicular-SNARE TI-VAMP in post-Golgi and endosomal trafficking. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:3817-26. [PMID: 19837067 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins are the core machinery of membrane fusion. Vesicular SNAREs (v-SNAREs) interact with their target SNAREs (t-SNAREs) to form SNARE complexes which mediate membrane fusion. Here we review the basic properties and functions of the v-SNARE TI-VAMP/VAMP7 (Tetanus neurotoxin insensitive-vesicle associated membrane protein). TI-VAMP interacts with its t-SNARE partners, particularly plasmalemmal syntaxins, to mediate membrane fusion and with several regulatory proteins especially via its amino-terminal regulatory Longin domain. Partners include AP-3, Hrb/(Human immunodeficiency virus Rev binding) protein, and Varp (Vps9 domain and ankyrin repeats containing protein) and regulate TI-VAMP's function and targeting. TI-VAMP is involved both in secretory and endocytic pathways which mediate neurite outgrowth and synaptic transmission, plasma membrane remodeling and lysosomal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chaineau
- Membrane Traffic in Neuronal and Epithelial Morphogenesis', INSERM U950, Paris F-75013, France
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30
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Kim H, Nakamura F, Lee W, Shifrin Y, Arora P, McCulloch CA. Filamin A is required for vimentin-mediated cell adhesion and spreading. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 298:C221-36. [PMID: 19776392 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00323.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion and spreading are regulated by complex interactions involving the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins. We examined the interaction of the intermediate filament protein vimentin with the actin cross-linking protein filamin A in regulation of spreading in HEK-293 and 3T3 cells. Filamin A and vimentin-expressing cells were well spread on collagen and exhibited numerous cell extensions enriched with filamin A and vimentin. By contrast, cells treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down filamin A or vimentin were poorly spread; both of these cell populations exhibited >50% reductions of cell adhesion, cell surface beta1 integrin expression, and beta1 integrin activation. Knockdown of filamin A reduced vimentin phosphorylation and blocked recruitment of vimentin to cell extensions, whereas knockdown of filamin and/or vimentin inhibited the formation of cell extensions. Reduced vimentin phosphorylation, cell spreading, and beta1 integrin surface expression, and activation were phenocopied in cells treated with the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide; cell spreading was also reduced by siRNA knockdown of protein kinase C-epsilon. By immunoprecipitation of cell lysates and by pull-down assays using purified proteins, we found an association between filamin A and vimentin. Filamin A also associated with protein kinase C-epsilon, which was enriched in cell extensions. These data indicate that filamin A associates with vimentin and to protein kinase C-epsilon, thereby enabling vimentin phosphorylation, which is important for beta1 integrin activation and cell spreading on collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Kim
- Canadian Institutes of Health Group in Matrix Dynamics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada.
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31
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Luftman K, Hasan N, Day P, Hardee D, Hu C. Silencing of VAMP3 inhibits cell migration and integrin-mediated adhesion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:65-70. [PMID: 19159614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors for cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In cell migration, integrins are endocytosed from the plasma membrane or the cell surface, transported in vesicles and exocytosed actively at the cell front. In the present study, we examined the roles of VAMP3, a SNARE protein that mediates exocytosis, in cell migration and integrin trafficking. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced silencing of VAMP3 inhibited chemotactic cell migration by more than 60% without affecting cell proliferation. VAMP3 silencing reduced the levels of beta1 integrin at the cell surface but had no effect on total cellular beta1 integrin, indicating that VAMP3 is required for trafficking of beta1 integrin to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, VAMP3 silencing diminished cell adhesion to laminin but not to fibronectin or collagen. Taken together, these data suggest that VAMP3-dependent integrin trafficking is crucial in cell migration and cell adhesion to laminin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Luftman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 319 Abraham Flexner Way, Room 515, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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32
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Jones J, Marian D, Weich E, Engl T, Wedel S, Relja B, Jonas D, Blaheta RA. CXCR4 chemokine receptor engagement modifies integrin dependent adhesion of renal carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:4051-65. [PMID: 17706641 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis are incompletely understood. Although evidence shows that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 may regulate tumor dissemination, their role in RCC is not clearly defined. We examined CXCR4 expression and functionality on RCC cell lines, and explored CXCL12-triggered tumor adhesion to human endothelium (HUVEC) or extracellular matrix proteins. Functional CXCR4 was expressed on A498 tumor cells, enabling them to migrate towards a CXCL12 gradient. CXCR4 engagement by CXCL12 induced elevated cell adhesion to HUVEC, to immobilized fibronectin, laminin or collagen. Anti-CXCR4 antibodies or CXCR4 knock down by siRNA applied prior to CXCL12 stimulation impaired CXCL12-triggered tumor adhesion. However, blocking CXCR4 subsequent to CXCL12 stimulation did not. This pointed to an indirect control of tumor cell adhesion by CXCR4. In fact, CXCR4 engagement by CXCL12 also induced alterations of receptors of the integrin family, notably alpha3, alpha5, beta1 and beta3 subunits, and blocking beta1 integrins with a function-blocking antibody prevented CXCL12-induced A498 adhesion. Focal adhesion kinase (total and activated) and integrin-linked kinase significantly increased in CXCL12-treated A498 cells, accompanied by a distinct up-regulation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Therefore, CXCR4 may be crucial in controlling adhesion of A498 cells via cross talking with integrin receptors. These data show that CXCR4 receptors contribute to RCC dissemination and may provide a novel link between CXCR4 chemokine receptor expression and integrin triggered RCC adhesion to the vascular wall and subendothelial matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Jones
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Zentrum der Chirurgie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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33
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Jović M, Naslavsky N, Rapaport D, Horowitz M, Caplan S. EHD1 regulates beta1 integrin endosomal transport: effects on focal adhesions, cell spreading and migration. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:802-14. [PMID: 17284518 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
beta1 integrins bind to the extracellular matrix and stimulate signaling pathways leading to crucial cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell spreading and migration. Consequently, control of beta1 integrin function depends upon its subcellular localization, and recent studies have begun to unravel the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in integrin trafficking. We report that the C-terminal Eps15-homology (EH) domain-containing protein EHD1 plays an important role in regulating beta1 integrin transport. Initially, we demonstrated that RNAi-knockdown of Ehd1 results in impaired recycling of beta1 integrins and their accumulation in a transferrin-containing endocytic recycling compartment. Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells derived from EHD1-knockout mice (Ehd1(-/-) MEF) exhibited lower overall levels of beta1 integrins on the plasma membrane, but higher cell-surface-expressed activated beta1 integrins, and larger, more prominent focal adhesions resulting from slower kinetics of focal adhesion disassembly. In addition, both migration and cell spreading on fibronectin were impaired in Ehd1(-/-) MEF cells, and these defects could be similarly induced by EHD1-RNAi treatment of normal Ehd1(+/+) MEF cells. They could also be rescued by transfection of wild-type EHD1 into Ehd1(-/-) MEF cells. Our data support a role for EHD1 in beta1 integrin recycling, and demonstrate a requirement for EHD1 in integrin-mediated downstream functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jović
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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34
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Jones MC, Caswell PT, Norman JC. Endocytic recycling pathways: emerging regulators of cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18:549-57. [PMID: 16904305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The past five years have seen a steady accumulation of data reinforcing the view that Rab-regulated recycling pathways contribute to cell migration. In particular, detailed descriptions have emerged of the mechanisms that recruit integrins and growth factor receptors to Rab4- and Rab11-driven pathways. Recent work provides new insight into the importance of particular recycling events in cell migration within a variety of physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Jones
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, (Cancer Research UK), Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
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35
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Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the observation that certain integrin heterodimers are continually internalized from the plasma membrane into endosomal compartments and subsequently recycled back to the cell surface indicated that the endocytic and recycling pathways have the potential to exert minute-to-minute control over integrin function. This insight has prompted others to study the regulation of integrin trafficking in more detail. This review aims to summarize the findings of studies revealing the molecular mechanisms controlling integrin traffic, particularly those providing indications as to how these processes contribute to cell migration and tumour cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Caswell
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK, Garscube Estate, Glasgow
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36
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Gonon EM, Skalski M, Kean M, Coppolino MG. SNARE-mediated membrane traffic modulates RhoA-regulated focal adhesion formation. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:6169-78. [PMID: 16243314 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the role of soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane traffic in the formation of focal adhesions during cell spreading. CHO-K1 cells expressing a dominant-negative form of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (E329Q-NSF) were unable to spread as well as control cells and they formed focal adhesions (FAs) that were larger than those in control cells. FA formation was impaired in cells transfected with a dominant-negative form of RhoA, but, significantly, not in cells simultaneously expressing dominant-negative NSF. Treatment of E329Q-NSF-expressing cells with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 did inhibit FA formation. The results are consistent with a model of cell adhesion in which SNARE-mediated membrane traffic is required for both the elaboration of lamellipodia and the modulation of biochemical signals that control RhoA-mediated FA assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Gonon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1
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