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Dong Y, Zhuang XX, Wang YT, Tan J, Feng D, Li M, Zhong Q, Song Z, Shen HM, Fang EF, Lu JH. Chemical mitophagy modulators: Drug development strategies and novel regulatory mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106835. [PMID: 37348691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a potential therapeutic strategy for various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) is a fundamental mitochondrial quality control mechanism conserved from yeast to humans. Indeed, small-molecule modulators of mitophagy are valuable pharmaceutical tools that can be used to dissect complex biological processes and turn them into potential drugs. In the past few years, pharmacological regulation of mitophagy has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in various disease models. However, with the increasing number of chemical mitophagy modulator studies, frequent methodological flaws can be observed, leading some studies to draw unreliable or misleading conclusions. This review attempts (a) to summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy; (b) to propose a Mitophagy Modulator Characterization System (MMCS); (c) to perform a comprehensive analysis of methods used to characterize mitophagy modulators, covering publications over the past 20 years; (d) to provide novel targets for pharmacological intervention of mitophagy. We believe this review will provide a panorama of current research on chemical mitophagy modulators and promote the development of safe and robust mitophagy modulators with therapeutic potential by introducing high methodological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Xu-Xu Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for medical genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410031, Hunan, China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau.
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Sun Z, Qin X, Fang J, Tang Y, Fan Y. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for FKBP Gene Family in Renal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697534. [PMID: 34476212 PMCID: PMC8406630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The FK506-binding protein (FKBP) is a family of intracellular receptors that can bind specifically to the immunosuppressant FK506 and rapamycin. Although FKBPs play crucial roles in biological processes and carcinogenesis, their prognostic value and molecular mechanism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unclear. Methods Using pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and public databases, we analyzed the expression and correlation of FKBPs in 33 tumor types. Survival and Cox regression analyses were employed to explore the prognostic value of FKBPs. The relationship with tumor microenvironment and stemness indices was taken into account to evaluate the function of FKBPs. We constructed a risk score model to predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to further test the prognostic ability of our model. Nomogram, joint effects analysis, and clinical relevance were performed to assist the clinician. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and cell line experiments were performed to investigate the function and molecular mechanisms of FKBPs in patients with ccRCC. Paired clinical specimens and multi-omics analysis were used to further validate and explore the factors affecting gene expression in ccRCC patients. Results The expression levels of FKBP10 and FKBP11 were higher in ccRCC tissues than in normal tissues. The alteration in expression may be because of the degree of DNA methylation. Increased expression levels of FKBP10 and FKBP11 were associated with worse overall survival (OS). More importantly, GSEA revealed that FKBP10 is mainly involved in cell metabolism and autophagy, whereas FKBP11 is mainly associated with immune-related biological processes and autophagy. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays revealed that knockdown of FKBP10 and FKBP11 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of the ccRCC cell line. Conclusion FKBP10 and FKBP11 play important roles in ccRCC phenotypes and are potential prognostic markers as well as new therapeutic targets for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Juanjuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Day Surgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Yueqing Tang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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Signal Peptide Peptidase-Type Proteases: Versatile Regulators with Functions Ranging from Limited Proteolysis to Protein Degradation. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5063-5078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Orłowski M, Popławska K, Pieprzyk J, Szczygieł-Sommer A, Więch A, Zarębski M, Tarczewska A, Dobrucki J, Ożyhar A. Molecular determinants of Drosophila immunophilin FKBP39 nuclear localization. Biol Chem 2018; 399:467-484. [PMID: 29337690 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) belong to a distinct class of immunophilins that interact with immunosuppressants. They use their peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity to catalyze the cis-trans conversion of prolyl bonds in proteins during protein-folding events. FKBPs also act as a unique group of chaperones. The Drosophila melanogaster peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FK506-binding protein of 39 kDa (FKBP39) is thought to act as a transcriptional modulator of gene expression in 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone signal transduction. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular determinants responsible for the subcellular distribution of an FKBP39-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion construct (YFP-FKBP39). We found that YFP-FKBP39 was predominantly nucleolar. To identify the nuclear localization signal (NLS), a series of YFP-tagged FKBP39 deletion mutants were prepared and examined in vivo. The identified NLS signal is located in a basic domain. Detailed mutagenesis studies revealed that residues K188 and K191 are crucial for the nuclear targeting of FKBP39 and its nucleoplasmin-like (NPL) domain contains the sequence that controls the nucleolar-specific translocation of the protein. These results show that FKBP39 possesses a specific NLS in close proximity to a putative helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif and FKBP39 may bind DNA in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Orłowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popławska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Pieprzyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczygieł-Sommer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Więch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zarębski
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Tarczewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jurek Dobrucki
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Huang Z, Li J, Du S, Tang Y, Huang L, Xiao L, Tong P. FKBP14 overexpression contributes to osteosarcoma carcinogenesis and indicates poor survival outcome. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39872-39884. [PMID: 27223089 PMCID: PMC5129977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 14 (FKBP14) is a subfamily of immunophilins, has been implicated in various biochemical processes. However, its effects on the primary malignant bone tumor, osteosarcoma, are unclear. Here, we reported that FKBP14 may be an oncogene as it overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and FKBP14 expression was correlated with metastases, recurrence, tumor maximum diameter and poor survival time. FKBP14 was associated with the biological pathways including cell cycle, apoptosis and metastasis. Furthermore, we detected FKBP14 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, invasion and adhesion in vitro. FKBP14 knockdown decreased the protein levels of PCNA, CDK1 and CCNB1 that promotes cell cycle, increased Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-7 protein involved in promoting cell apoptosis, and increased KIF4A expression as well as decreased SMC4 and TMEM33 proteins that contribute to cell invasion and adhesion. In addition, FKBP14 knockdown also caused a significant inhibition in tumor growth in vivo. Then, we found that the protein RhoA was identified as a binding partner of FKBP14. Taken together, FKBP14 may act as an oncogene in osteosarcoma via suppressing apoptosis and promoting invasion and adhesion in osteosarcoma carcinogenesis. FKBP14 may be a prognostic factor and potential target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaohua Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yanghua Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ligang Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Luwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Bonner JM, Boulianne GL. Diverse structures, functions and uses of FK506 binding proteins. Cell Signal 2017; 38:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kim JH, Lee H, Shin EA, Kim DH, Choi JB, Kim SH. Implications of Bcl-2 and its interplay with other molecules and signaling pathways in prostate cancer progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:911-920. [PMID: 28816549 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1369044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among several genetic alterations involved in the progression of prostate cancer, B cell lymphoma gene number 2 (BCL-2) is an important target molecule in the progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) after androgen ablation or castration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of BCL-2 in prostate cancer progression remains elusive and controversial. In the current review, we discuss the critical role of BCL-2 in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer with experimental evidences on the BCL-2 molecular networks in AIPC and androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) and subsequently suggest perspective research targeting BCL-2. Areas covered: This review focused on the molecular implications of BCL-2 in association with other molecules and signaling pathways involved in the progression and carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. Expert opinion: BCL-2 plays a pivotal role in the progression of AIPC than in ADPC since androgen represses BCL-2. BCL-2 acts as a pro-survival molecule in association with androgen-related signaling in the progression of ADPC, while BCL-2 upregulation, PTEN loss, PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation are primarily involved in AIPC. To identify more effective prostate cancer therapy, further mechanistic studies are required with BCL-2 inhibitors in AIPC and ADPC, considering a multi-target therapy against BCL-2 and its related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Jhin Baek Choi
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
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Sun LY, Tao JZ, Yan B, Lin JS. Inhibitory effects of FKBP14 on human cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4265-4272. [PMID: 28731139 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 14 (FKBP14), which belongs to a subfamily of immunophilins, has been implicated in various biochemical processes. However, its effects on human cervical cancer remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the exact role of FKBP14 in human cervical cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Flow cytometry was conducted to determine the effects of FKBP14 on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Cell invasion and migration were determined by Transwell assay. The results of the present study demonstrated that silencing FKBP14 expression using short hairpin (sh)RNA suppressed proliferation, invasion and migration of HeLa and C‑33A cells, and also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, silencing FKBP14 expression decreased the protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9, and increased the levels of caspase‑3 and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein in FKBP14 shRNA‑infected HeLa and C‑33A cells. In conclusion, FKBP14 may act as an oncogene through suppressing apoptosis and promoting motility in human cervical carcinogenesis; therefore, it may be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Yi Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Zhi Tao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Shu Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 201821, P.R. China
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Lee JD, Jung H, Min SH. Identification of proteins suppressing the functions of oncogenic phosphatase of regenerating liver 1 and 3. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2974-2982. [PMID: 27882103 PMCID: PMC5103732 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family, including PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3, comprises protein tyrosine phosphatases whose deregulation is associated with the tumorigenesis and metastasis of many types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, aiming to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of PRL-1 and PRL-3, a yeast two-hybrid system was employed to screen for their interacting proteins. Alignment with the NCBI BLAST database revealed 12 interactive proteins: Synaptic nuclear envelope protein 2, emerin, mannose 6-phosphate receptor-binding protein 1, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10, Rab acceptor 1, tumor protein D52-like 2, selectin P ligand (SELPLG), guanylate binding protein 1, transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing 2, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8, syndecan 4 and FK506-binding protein 8 (FKBP8). These proteins are associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, cell fate specification and metabolic process in biological process categories, and involved in various signaling pathways, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cell adhesion molecules. Interactions of PRL-1 with the prey proteins SELPLG and FKBP8 were confirmed by immunoprecipitation or immunostaining. Furthermore, SELPLG and FKBP8 suppressed PRL-1- or PRL-3-mediated p53 activity. Identification of the proteins interacting with PRL family proteins may provide valuable information to better understand the mechanism of PRL-mediated signal transduction in cancer and other diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Dong Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea
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Kasai H, Kawakami K, Yokoe H, Yoshimura K, Matsuda M, Yasumoto J, Maekawa S, Yamashita A, Tanaka T, Ikeda M, Kato N, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Sakamoto N, Enomoto N, Takeda S, Fujii H, Tsubuki M, Kusunoki M, Moriishi K. Involvement of FKBP6 in hepatitis C virus replication. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16699. [PMID: 26567527 PMCID: PMC4644952 DOI: 10.1038/srep16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone system is known to be exploited by viruses for their replication. In the present study, we identified the cochaperone FKBP6 as a host factor required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. FKBP6 is a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase with three domains of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), but lacks FK-506 binding ability. FKBP6 interacted with HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and also formed a complex with FKBP6 itself or FKBP8, which is known to be critical for HCV replication. The Val121 of NS5A and TPR domains of FKBP6 were responsible for the interaction between NS5A and FKBP6. FKBP6 was colocalized with NS5A, FKBP8, and double-stranded RNA in HCV-infected cells. HCV replication was completely suppressed in FKBP6-knockout hepatoma cell lines, while the expression of FKBP6 restored HCV replication in FKBP6-knockout cells. A treatment with the FKBP8 inhibitor N-(N′, N′-dimethylcarboxamidomethyl)cycloheximide impaired the formation of a homo- or hetero-complex consisting of FKBP6 and/or FKBP8, and suppressed HCV replication. HCV infection promoted the expression of FKBP6, but not that of FKBP8, in cultured cells and human liver tissue. These results indicate that FKBP6 is an HCV-induced host factor that supports viral replication in cooperation with NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kawakami
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yokoe
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuda
- Department of First Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Jun Yasumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinya Maekawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Atsuya Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Tumor Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Department of Tumor Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of First Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masami Kusunoki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Lopez E, Berna-Erro A, Salido GM, Rosado JA, Redondo PC. FKBP25 and FKBP38 regulate non-capacitative calcium entry through TRPC6. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2684-96. [PMID: 26239116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-capacitative calcium entry (NCCE) contributes to cell activation in response to the occupation of G protein-coupled membrane receptors. Thrombin administration to platelets evokes the synthesis of diacylglycerol downstream of PAR receptor activation. Diacylglycerol evokes NCCE through activating TRPC3 and TRPC6 in human platelets. Although it is known that immunophilins interact with TRPCs, the role of immunophilins in the regulation of NCCE remains unknown. Platelet incubation with FK506, an immunophilin antagonist, reduced OAG-evoked NCCE in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was independent on the inactivation of calcineurin (CaN). FK506 was unable to reduce NCCE evoked by OAG in platelets from TRPC6-/- mice. In HEK-293 cells overexpressing TRPC6, currents through TRPC6 were altered in the presence of FK506. We have found interaction between FKBP38 and other FKBPs, like FKBP25, FKBP12, and FKBP52 that were not affected by FK506, as well as with calmodulin (CaM). FK506 modified the pattern of association between FKBP25 and TRPCs as well as impaired OAG-evoked TRPC3 and TRPC6 coupling in both human and mouse platelets. By performing biotinylation experiments we have elucidated that FKBP25 and FKBP38 might be found at different cellular location, the plasma membrane and the already described intracellular locations. Finally, FKBP25 and FKBP38 silencing significantly inhibits OAG-evoked NCCE in MEG-01 and HEK293 cells, while overexpression of FKBP38 does not modify NCCE in HEK293 cells. All together, these findings provide strong evidence for a role of immunophilins, including FKBP25 and FKBP38, in NCCE mediated by TRPC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berna-Erro
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro C Redondo
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
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12
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Microbial peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases): virulence factors and potential alternative drug targets. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 78:544-71. [PMID: 25184565 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00015-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially discovered in the context of immunomodulation, peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) were soon identified as enzymes catalyzing the rate-limiting protein folding step at peptidyl bonds preceding proline residues. Intense searches revealed that PPIases are a superfamily of proteins consisting of three structurally distinguishable families with representatives in every described species of prokaryote and eukaryote and, recently, even in some giant viruses. Despite the clear-cut enzymatic activity and ubiquitous distribution of PPIases, reports on solely PPIase-dependent biological roles remain scarce. Nevertheless, they have been found to be involved in a plethora of biological processes, such as gene expression, signal transduction, protein secretion, development, and tissue regeneration, underscoring their general importance. Hence, it is not surprising that PPIases have also been identified as virulence-associated proteins. The extent of contribution to virulence is highly variable and dependent on the pleiotropic roles of a single PPIase in the respective pathogen. The main objective of this review is to discuss this variety in virulence-related bacterial and protozoan PPIases as well as the involvement of host PPIases in infectious processes. Moreover, a special focus is given to Legionella pneumophila macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) and Mip-like PPIases of other pathogens, as the best-characterized virulence-related representatives of this family. Finally, the potential of PPIases as alternative drug targets and first tangible results are highlighted.
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13
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Mazaira GI, Camisay MF, De Leo S, Erlejman AG, Galigniana MD. Biological relevance of Hsp90-binding immunophilins in cancer development and treatment. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:797-808. [PMID: 25754838 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunophilins are a family of intracellular receptors for immunosuppressive drugs. Those immunophilins that are related to immunosuppression are the smallest proteins of the family, i.e., FKBP12 and CyPA, whereas the other members of the family have higher molecular weight because the show additional domains to the drug-binding site. Among these extra domains, the TPR-domain is perhaps the most relevant because it permits the interaction of high molecular weight immunophilins with the 90-kDa heat-shock protein, Hsp90. This essential molecular chaperone regulates the biological function of several protein-kinases, oncogenes, protein phosphatases, transcription factors and cofactors . Hsp90-binding immunophilins where first characterized due to their association with steroid receptors. They regulate the cytoplasmic transport and the subcellular localization of these and other Hsp90 client proteins, as well as transcriptional activity, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Hsp90-binding immunophilins are frequently overexpressed in several types of cancers and play a key role in cell survival. In this article we analyze the most important biological actions of the best characterized Hsp90-binding immunophilins in both steroid receptor function and cancer development and discuss the potential use of these immunophilins for therapeutic purposes as potential targets of specific small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Camisay
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia De Leo
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Erlejman
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto De Biología Y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Identifying microRNA-mRNA regulatory network in gemcitabine-resistant cells derived from human pancreatic cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4525-34. [PMID: 25722110 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is unresectable in over 80 % of patients owing to difficulty in early diagnosis. Chemotherapy is the most frequently adopted therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. The development of drug resistance to gemcitabine (GEM), which is always used in standard chemotherapy, often results in therapeutic failure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the gemcitabine resistance remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to explore the microRNA-mRNA network that is associated with the development of gemcitabine resistance and to identify molecular targets for overcoming the gemcitabine resistance. By exposing SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells to long-term gemcitabine with increasing concentrations, we established a gemcitabine-resistant cell line (SW1990/GEM) with a high IC50 (the concentration needed for 50 % growth inhibition, 847.23 μM). The mRNA and microRNA expression profiles of SW1990 cells and SW1990/GEM cells were determined using RNA-seq analysis. By comparing the results in control SW1990 cells, 507 upregulated genes and 550 downregulated genes in SW1990/GEM cells were identified as differentially expressed genes correlated with gemcitabine sensitivity. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were related to diverse biological processes. The upregulated genes were mainly associated with drug response and apoptosis, and the downregulated genes were correlated with cell cycle progression and RNA splicing. Concurrently, the differentially expressed microRNAs, which are the important player in drug resistance development, were also examined in SW1990/GEM cells, and 56 differential microRNAs were identified. Additionally, the expression profiles of selected genes and microRNAs were confirmed by using Q-PCR assays. Furthermore, combining the differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs as well as the predicted targets for these microRNAs, a core microRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed, which included hub microRNAs, such as hsa-miR-643, hsa-miR-4644, hsa-miR-4650-5p, hsa-miR-4455, hsa-miR-1261, and hsa-miR-3676. The predicted targets of these hub microRNAs in the microRNA-mRNA network were also observed in the identified differential genes. As a result, a differential gene and microRNA expression pattern was constructed in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, these data may be useful for the detection and treatment of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer patients, and the microRNA-mRNA network-based analysis is expected to be more effective and provides deep insights into the molecular mechanism of drug resistance.
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15
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Zheng X, Hao XY, Chen YH, Zhang X, Yang JF, Wang ZG, Liu DJ. Molecular Characterization and Tissue-specific Expression of a Novel FKBP38 Gene in the Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus). ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:758-63. [PMID: 25049623 PMCID: PMC4093086 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As a member of a subclass of immunophilins, it is controversial that FKBP38 acts an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling pathway, which control the process of cell-growth, proliferation and differentiation. In order to explore the relationship between FKBP38 and mTOR in the Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) cells, a full-length cDNA was cloned (GenBank accession number JF714970) and expression pattern was analyzed. The cloned FKBP38 gene is 1,248 bp in length, containing an open reading frame (ORF) from nucleotide 13 to 1,248 which encodes 411 amino acids, and 12 nucleotides in front of the initiation codon. The full cDNA sequence shares 98% identity with cattle, 94% with horse and 90% with human. The putative amino acid sequence shows the higher homology which is 98%, 97% and 94%, correspondingly. The bioinformatics analysis showed that FKBP38 contained a FKBP_C domain, two TPR domains and a TM domain. Psite analysis suggested that the ORF encoding protein contained a leucine-zipper pattern and a Prenyl group binding site (CAAX box). Tissue-specific expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and showed that the FKBP38 expression was detected in all the tested tissues and the highest level of mRNA accumulation was detected in testis, suggesting that FKBP38 plays an important role in goat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - X Y Hao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China ; TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23HongDa Street, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Y H Chen
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - J F Yang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Z G Wang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - D J Liu
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
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16
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of gene regulation by miR-34a and miR-34c. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92166. [PMID: 24637697 PMCID: PMC3956911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) repress target genes by destabilizing mRNAs and/or by inhibiting translation. The best known factor for target recognition is the so called seed--a short continuous region of Watson-Crick base pairing between nucleotides 2-7 of the miRNA and complementary sequences in 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs. The miR-34 family consists of three conserved members with important tumor suppressor functions linked to the p53 pathway. The family members share the same seed, raising the question if they also have the same targets. Here, we analyse the effect of miR-34a and miR-34c on protein synthesis by pSILAC. Despite significant overlap, we observe that the impact of both family members on protein synthesis differs. The ability to identify specific targets of a family member is complicated by the occurrence of * strand mediated repression. Transfection of miR-34 chimeras indicates that the 3'end of the miRNA might be responsible for differential regulation in case of targets without a perfect seed site. Pathway analysis of regulated proteins indicates overlapping functions related to cell cycle and the p53 pathway and preferential targeting of several anti-apoptotic proteins by miR-34a. We used luciferase assays to confirm that Vcl and Fkbp8, an important anti-apoptotic protein, are specifically repressed by miR-34a. In summary, we find that miR-34a and miR-34c down-regulate distinct subsets of targets which might mediate different cellular outcomes. Our data provides a rich resource of miR-34 targets that might be relevant for clinical trials that want to implement the miR-34 family in cancer therapy.
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17
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Kang C, Ye H, Chia J, Choi BH, Dhe-Paganon S, Simon B, Schütz U, Sattler M, Yoon HS. Functional role of the flexible N-terminal extension of FKBP38 in catalysis. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2985. [PMID: 24145868 PMCID: PMC3804861 DOI: 10.1038/srep02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
FKBP38 regulates apoptosis through unique interactions with multiple regulators including Bcl-2. Interestingly, the peptidylprolyl isomerase activity of FKBP38 is only detectable when it binds to calcium-saturated calmodulin (CaM/Ca2+). This, in turn, permits the formation of a complex with Bcl-2. FKBP38 thereby provides an important link between isomerase activity and apoptotic pathways. Here, we show that the N-terminal extension (residues 1-32) preceding the catalytic domain of FKBP38 has an autoinhibitory activity. The core isomerase activity of FKBP38 is inhibited by transient interactions involving the flexible N-terminal extension that precedes the catalytic domain. Notably, CaM/Ca2+ binds to this N-terminal extension and thereby releases the autoinhibitory contacts between the N-terminal extension and the catalytic domain, thus potentiating the isomerase activity of FKBP38. Our data demonstrate how CaM/Ca2+ modulates the catalytic activity of FKBP38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congbao Kang
- 1] School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore [2] [3]
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18
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Saita S, Shirane M, Nakayama KI. Selective escape of proteins from the mitochondria during mitophagy. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1410. [PMID: 23361001 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy refers to the degradation of mitochondria by the autophagy system that is regulated by Parkin and PINK1, mutations in the genes for which have been linked to Parkinson's disease. Here we show that certain mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, including FKBP38 and Bcl-2, translocate from the mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during mitophagy, thereby escaping degradation by autophagosomes. This translocation depends on the ubiquitylation activity of Parkin and on microtubule polymerization. Photoconversion analysis confirmed that FKBP38 detected at the ER during mitophagy indeed represents preexisting protein transported from the mitochondria. The escape of FKBP38 and Bcl-2 from the mitochondria is determined by the number of basic amino acids in their COOH-terminal signal sequences. Furthermore, the translocation of FKBP38 is essential for the suppression of apoptosis during mitophagy. Our results thus show that not all mitochondrial proteins are degraded during mitophagy, with some proteins being evacuated to the ER to prevent unwanted apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Saita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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19
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Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Mai J, Fan Y, Bhattacharya S, Giovannucci DR, Sanchez ER, Fischer G, Wang X. FKBP38 peptidylprolyl isomerase promotes the folding of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43071-80. [PMID: 22030396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.269993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38), a membrane-anchored, tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing immunophilin, associates with nascent plasma membrane ion channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It promotes the maturation of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG) potassium channel and maintains the steady state level of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a combination of steady state and pulse-chase analyses, we show that FKBP38 knockdown increases protein synthesis but inhibits the post-translational folding of CFTR, leading to reduced steady state levels of CFTR in the ER, decreased processing, and impaired cell surface functional expression in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells. The membrane anchorage of FKBP38 is necessary for the inhibition of protein synthesis but not for CFTR post-translational folding. In contrast, the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase active site is utilized to promote CFTR post-translational folding but is not important for regulation of protein synthesis. Uncoupling FKBP38 from Hsp90 by substituting a conserved lysine in the TPR domain modestly enhances CFTR maturation and further reduces its synthesis. Removing the N-terminal glutamate-rich domain (ERD) slightly enhances CFTR synthesis but reduces its maturation, suggesting that the ERD contributes to FKBP38 biological activities. Our data support a dual role for FKBP38 in regulating CFTR synthesis and post-translational folding. In contrast to earlier prediction but consistent with in vitro enzymological studies, FKBP38 peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase plays an important role in membrane protein biogenesis on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane, whose activity is negatively regulated by Hsp90 through the TPR domain.
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20
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Sangsuriya P, Senapin S, Huang WP, Lo CF, Flegel TW. Co-interactive DNA-binding between a novel, immunophilin-like shrimp protein and VP15 nucleocapsid protein of white spot syndrome virus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25420. [PMID: 21980453 PMCID: PMC3183051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most serious pathogens of penaeid shrimp. Although its genome has been completely characterized, the functions of most of its putative proteins are not yet known. It has been suggested that the major nucleocapsid protein VP15 is involved in packaging of the WSSV genome during virion formation. However, little is known in its relationship with shrimp host cells. Using the yeast two-hybrid approach to screen a shrimp lymphoid organ (LO) cDNA library for proteins that might interact with VP15, a protein named PmFKBP46 was identified. It had high sequence similarity to a 46 kDa-immunophilin called FKBP46 from the lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda (the fall armyworm). The full length PmFKBP46 consisted of a 1,257-nucleotide open reading frame with a deduced amino acid sequence of 418 residues containing a putative FKBP-PPIase domain in the C-terminal region. Results from a GST pull-down assay and histological co-localization revealed that VP15 physically interacted with PmFKBP46 and that both proteins shared the same subcellular location in the nucleus. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that PmFKBP46 possessed DNA-binding activity and functionally co-interacted with VP15 in DNA binding. The overall results suggested that host PmFKBP46 might be involved in genome packaging by viral VP15 during virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wei-Pang Huang
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Timothy W. Flegel
- Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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FKBP38-Bcl-2 interaction: a novel link to chemoresistance. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:354-9. [PMID: 21571591 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
FKBP38, a noncanonical member of the immunosuppressive drug FK506 binding protein (FKBP) family members, possesses an inducible rotamase. FKBP38 interacts with several proteins and regulates multiple signaling pathways such as cell survival, apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis. Deregulation of apoptosis is associated with chemoresistance and tumor relapse. The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 is a key player for increasing the apoptotic threshold in response to various cytotoxic drugs. The molecular interaction of Bcl-2 with FKBP38 potentiates the biological function of Bcl-2 and contributes to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Here, we discuss recent advances in the role of FKBP38 in connection with Bcl-2 and its possible link to chemotherapeutic resistance.
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22
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From cell death to viral replication: the diverse functions of the membrane-associated FKBP38. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:348-53. [PMID: 21514222 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
FKBP38 is in many ways an exceptional member of the FK506-binding proteins. The calmodulin-regulated activity of FKBP38 for instance is unique within this protein family. The activated FKBP38 participates in apoptosis signaling by inhibiting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Beyond this role in programmed cell death, FKBP38 seems to be involved in very different cellular processes that do not necessarily depend on the FKBP domain. These functions involve regulation of the kinase mTOR, regulation of neural tube formation, regulation of cellular hypoxia response, but also Hepatitis C virus replication. Pharmacological targeting of FKBP38 might therefore prove a successful strategy for intervention in different FKBP38-dependent processes, including programmed cell death in cancer or neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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Choi MS, Min SH, Jung H, Lee JD, Lee TH, Lee HK, Yoo OJ. The essential role of FKBP38 in regulating phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) protein stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:305-9. [PMID: 21320469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a member of protein tyrosine phosphatases and whose deregulation is implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis of many cancers. However, the underlying mechanism by which PRL-3 is regulated is not known. In this study, we identified the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) as an interacting protein of PRL-3 using a yeast two-hybrid system. FKBP38 specifically binds to PRL-3 in vivo, and that the N-terminal region of FKBP38 is crucial for binding with PRL-3. FKBP38 overexpression reduces endogenous PRL-3 expression levels, whereas the depletion of FKBP38 by siRNA increases the level of PRL-3 protein. Moreover, FKBP38 promotes degradation of endogenous PRL-3 protein via protein-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, FKBP38 suppresses PRL-3-mediated p53 activity and cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that FKBP38 is a novel regulator of the oncogenic protein PRL-3 abundance and that alteration in the stability of PRL-3 can have a dramatic impact on cell proliferation. Thus, FKBP38 may play a critical role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Suk Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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24
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Maestre-Martínez M, Haupt K, Edlich F, Jahreis G, Jarczowski F, Erdmann F, Fischer G, Lücke C. New structural aspects of FKBP38 activation. Biol Chem 2010; 391:1157-67. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The human FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) regulates Bcl-2 in neuronal apoptosis. To control Bcl-2 activity, FKBP38 requires a prior interaction with the Ca2+-sensor calmodulin (CaM). The resulting FKBP38/CaM complex is unique within the FKBP family. Here, we present novel insights into the structural arrangement of this complex. Chemical shift perturbation analyses of the individual protein domains revealed two separate interaction sites between FKBP38 and CaM. On the one hand, residues Glu303, Tyr307 and Leu311, belonging to the predicted CaM-binding site at the C-terminal end of FKBP38, become embedded in the hydrophobic target protein-binding cleft of the C-terminal CaM lobe. On the other hand, in a second binding interaction, the N-terminal end of the catalytic FKBP38 domain shows surface contacts to the AB and CD loops of CaM as well as the adjacent helices. Furthermore, a Glu-rich region at the non-structured FKBP38 N-terminus features additional contacts to CaM helix A. In combination with previous results, we thus conclude that the FKBP38/CaM complex is constituted by (i) a Ca2+-dependent interaction of the CaM-binding motif at the C-terminal end of FKBP38 with the C-terminal CaM lobe and (ii) a Ca2+-independent interaction between the N-terminal CaM lobe and the N-terminal region of the catalytic FKBP38 domain.
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25
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Choi BH, Feng L, Yoon HS. FKBP38 protects Bcl-2 from caspase-dependent degradation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9770-9779. [PMID: 20139069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.032466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular processes that regulate Bcl-2 at the posttranslational levels are as important as those that regulate bcl-2 synthesis. Previously we demonstrated that the suppression of FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) contributes to the instability of Bcl-2 or leaves Bcl-2 unprotected from degradation in an unknown mechanism. Here, we studied the underlying molecular mechanism mediating this process. We first showed that Bcl-2 binding-defective mutants of FKBP38 fail to accumulate Bcl-2 protein. We demonstrated that the FKBP38-mediated Bcl-2 stability is specific as the levels of other anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-X(L) and Mcl-1 remained unaffected. FKBP38 enhanced the Bcl-2 stability under the blockade of de novo protein synthesis, indicating it is posttranslational. We showed that the overexpression of FKBP38 attenuates reduction rate of Bcl-2, thus resulting in an increment of the intracellular Bcl-2 level, contributing to the resistance of apoptotic cell death induced by the treatment of kinetin riboside, an anticancer drug. Caspase inhibitors markedly induced the accumulation of Bcl-2. In caspase-3-activated cells, the knockdown of endogenous FKBP38 by small interfering RNA resulted in Bcl-2 down-regulation as well, which was significantly recovered by the treatment with caspase inhibitors or overexpression of FKBP38. Finally we presented that the Bcl-2 cleavage by caspase-3 is blocked when Bcl-2 binds to FKBP38 through the flexible loop. Taken together, these results suggest that FKBP38 is a key player in regulating the function of Bcl-2 by antagonizing caspase-dependent degradation through the direct interaction with the flexible loop domain of Bcl-2, which contains the caspase cleavage site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hwa Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.
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26
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Sezen SF, Lagoda G, Burnett AL. Role of immunophilins in recovery of erectile function after cavernous nerve injury. J Sex Med 2009; 6 Suppl 3:340-6. [PMID: 19267858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunophilin ligands provide potentially new alternatives for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), which occurs after injury of the cavernous nerves (CNs). AIM To review and update current knowledge of the neurotrophic effects and likely mechanism of action of immunophilin proteins with emphasis on the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) subfamily and the role of immunophilin ligands for the treatment of CN injury-induced ED. METHODS Review of available reports of studies investigating the effects and neurotrophic mechanisms of immunophilin ligands involved in erectile function recovery in rodent models of CN injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Erection parameters and molecular correlations associated with CN injury and functional recovery. RESULTS Treatment with prototype immunosuppressive immunophilin ligands FK506 (FK) and rapamycin (Rapa) improve erectile function in animal models of CN injury. Similarly, non-immunosuppressive analogs such as GPI-1046 and FK1706 are effective in recovery of erections after CN injury. Neuronal nitric oxide may influence the erection recovery effects of immunophilin ligands after CN injury. FKBPs 38 and 65 expression changes in the penis and its innervation coincide with the neurotrophic effects of immunophilin ligands. Antioxidative actions of immunophilin ligands contribute to their neurotrophic effects. Immunophilins are localized to nerves coursing in human prostate and penile tissue. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the hypothesis that immunophilin ligands, working through specific receptor mechanisms that are specific to injured CN, are potentially useful to sustain erectile function in men following radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena F Sezen
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Urology, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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27
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Cho A, Ko HW, Eggenschwiler JT. FKBP8 cell-autonomously controls neural tube patterning through a Gli2- and Kif3a-dependent mechanism. Dev Biol 2008; 321:27-39. [PMID: 18590716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.05.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahryon Cho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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28
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Chen Y, Sternberg P, Cai J. Characterization of a Bcl-XL-interacting protein FKBP8 and its splice variant in human RPE cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:1721-7. [PMID: 18385096 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The immunophilin protein FKBP8 interacts with Bcl2/Bcl-XL and is essential for mouse eye development. The purpose of this study was to define the expression of the FKBP8 gene in cultured human RPE cells and explore its involvement in the control of apoptosis. METHODS Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was performed on RNA isolated from human RPE cells. The existence of FKBP8 and a splice variant was confirmed by RT-PCR. The interaction between Bcl-XL and FKBP8 was measured by coimmunoprecipitation. ARPE-19 cells stably overexpressing FKBP8 and its splice variant were established. Their responses to thapsigargin and t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell death were measured by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The activities of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) were measured by reporter assay after transient transfection. RESULTS RACE and RT-PCR identified a splice variant of FKBP8 lacking exons 3, 4, and 5 in human RPE cells. Both the full-length and the short form of FKBP8 proteins showed mitochondrial distribution and directly interacted with Bcl-XL. Overexpression of FKBP8 caused increased sensitivity to apoptosis induced by thapsigargin. The transcriptional activity of NFAT was not affected by FKBP8. CONCLUSIONS FKBP8 and its novel splice variant are Bcl-XL-interacting proteins and regulate the apoptotic signaling pathways in the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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29
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Ponseti JM, Gamez J, Azem J, López-Cano M, Vilallonga R, Armengol M. Tacrolimus for Myasthenia Gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1132:254-63. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1405.000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Shirane M, Ogawa M, Motoyama J, Nakayama KI. Regulation of apoptosis and neurite extension by FKBP38 is required for neural tube formation in the mouse. Genes Cells 2008; 13:635-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Kotaka M, Ye H, Alag R, Hu G, Bozdech Z, Preiser PR, Yoon HS, Lescar J. Crystal Structure of the FK506 Binding Domain of Plasmodium falciparum FKBP35 in Complex with FK506. Biochemistry 2008; 47:5951-61. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800004u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kotaka
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Hong Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Reema Alag
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Guangan Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Zbynek Bozdech
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Peter Rainer Preiser
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille 13288, France
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32
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Lagoda G, Sezen SF, Liu T, Höke A, Burnett AL. FK506-binding protein localizations in human penile innervation. BJU Int 2008; 101:604-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Kang CB, Ye H, Yoon HR, Yoon HS. Solution structure of FK506 binding domain (FKBD) of Plasmodium falciparum FK506 binding protein 35 (PfFKBP35). Proteins 2007; 70:300-2. [PMID: 17876830 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Bao Kang
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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34
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Kessler D, Papatheodorou P, Stratmann T, Dian EA, Hartmann-Fatu C, Rassow J, Bayer P, Mueller JW. The DNA binding parvulin Par17 is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix by a recently evolved prepeptide uniquely present in Hominidae. BMC Biol 2007; 5:37. [PMID: 17875217 PMCID: PMC2031878 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-5-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parvulin-type peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Par14 is highly conserved in all metazoans. The recently identified parvulin Par17 contains an additional N-terminal domain whose occurrence and function was the focus of the present study. RESULTS Based on the observation that the human genome encodes Par17, but bovine and rodent genomes do not, Par17 exon sequences from 10 different primate species were cloned and sequenced. Par17 is encoded in the genomes of Hominidae species including humans, but is absent from other mammalian species. In contrast to Par14, endogenous Par17 was found in mitochondrial and membrane fractions of human cell lysates. Fluorescence of EGFP fusions of Par17, but not Par14, co-localized with mitochondrial staining. Par14 and Par17 associated with isolated human, rat and yeast mitochondria at low salt concentrations, but only the Par17 mitochondrial association was resistant to higher salt concentrations. Par17 was imported into mitochondria in a time and membrane potential-dependent manner, where it reached the mitochondrial matrix. Moreover, Par17 was shown to bind to double-stranded DNA under physiological salt conditions. CONCLUSION Taken together, the DNA binding parvulin Par17 is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix by the most recently evolved mitochondrial prepeptide known to date, thus adding a novel protein constituent to the mitochondrial proteome of Hominidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kessler
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology – ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Tina Stratmann
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology – ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Andrea Dian
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cristina Hartmann-Fatu
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology – ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Rassow
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology – ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology – ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
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35
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Kang CB, Ye H, Yoon HR, Yoon HS. 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments of FK506-binding domain of Plasmodium falciparum FKBP35. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2007; 1:27-28. [PMID: 19636818 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-007-9005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressant FK506 binds Plasmodium falciparum FK-506 binding protein 35 (PfFKBP35) and shows anti-malarial activity. To understand molecular mechanism of the drug on the parasite, we have done NMR studies. Here, we report the assignment of FK506-binding domain of PfFKBP35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Bao Kang
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637665, Singapore
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36
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Abstract
The Long QT Syndrome is a cardiac disorder associated with ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to syncope and sudden death. One prominent form of the Long QT syndrome has been linked to mutations in the HERG gene (KCNH2) that encodes the voltage-dependent delayed rectifier potassium channel (I(Kr)). In order to search for HERG-interacting proteins important for HERG maturation and trafficking, we conducted a proteomics screen using myc-tagged HERG transfected into cardiac (HL-1) and non-cardiac (human embryonic kidney 293) cell lines. A partial list of putative HERG-interacting proteins includes several known components of the cytosolic chaperone system, including Hsc70 (70-kDa heat shock cognate protein), Hsp90 (90-kDa heat shock protein), Hdj-2, Hop (Hsp-organizing protein), and Bag-2 (BCL-associated athanogene 2). In addition, two membrane-integrated proteins were identified, calnexin and FKBP38 (38-kDa FK506-binding protein, FKBP8). We show that FKBP38 immunoprecipitates and co-localizes with HERG in our cellular system. Importantly, small interfering RNA knock down of FKBP38 causes a reduction of HERG trafficking, and overexpression of FKBP38 is able to partially rescue the LQT2 trafficking mutant F805C. We propose that FKBP38 is a co-chaperone of HERG and contributes via the Hsc70/Hsp90 chaperone system to the trafficking of wild type and mutant HERG potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie E Walker
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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37
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Yoon HR, Kang CB, Chia J, Tang K, Yoon HS. Expression, purification, and molecular characterization of Plasmodium falciparum FK506-binding protein 35 (PfFKBP35). Protein Expr Purif 2007; 53:179-85. [PMID: 17289400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive drug FK506 binds its targets FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family and modulates cellular processes. Recent studies demonstrated that FK506 shows anti-malaria effects. Newly identified FK506-binding protein 35 from Plasmodium falciparum (PfFKBP35) is assumed to be the molecular target of FK506 in the parasite. Currently, molecular and structural basis of growth inhibition of the parasite by FK506 remains unclear. In this study, to examine characteristics of PfFKBP35 and also understand its molecular mechanism of the inhibition by FK506, we have cloned, expressed, and purified the full-length PfFKBP35 and its FK506-binding domain (FKBD). We demonstrate that the full-length PfFKBP35 and the FKBD were properly folded, and suitable for biochemical and biophysical studies. PfFKBP35 showed a basal activity in inhibiting the phosphatase activity of calcineurin in the absence of FK506, but the presence of FK506 greatly enhanced its calcineurin-inhibitory activity. Our NMR data indicate that the FKBD binds FK506 with a high affinity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acids, Aromatic/chemistry
- Animals
- Calcineurin/analysis
- Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Chromatography, Gel
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Protozoan
- Databases, Protein
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors
- Genome, Protozoan
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
- Plasmodium falciparum/metabolism
- Protein Folding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protozoan Proteins/chemistry
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/isolation & purification
- Protozoan Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/genetics
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/isolation & purification
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Yoon
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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38
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Barth S, Nesper J, Hasgall PA, Wirthner R, Nytko KJ, Edlich F, Katschinski DM, Stiehl DP, Wenger RH, Camenisch G. The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase FKBP38 determines hypoxia-inducible transcription factor prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD2 protein stability. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:3758-68. [PMID: 17353276 PMCID: PMC1899990 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01324-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are central regulators of the response to low oxygenation. HIF-alpha subunits are constitutively expressed but rapidly degraded under normoxic conditions. Oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of two conserved prolyl residues by prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs) targets HIF-alpha for proteasomal destruction. We identified the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) as a novel interactor of PHD2. Yeast two-hybrid, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, coimmunoprecipitation, colocalization, and mammalian two-hybrid studies confirmed specific FKBP38 interaction with PHD2, but not with PHD1 or PHD3. PHD2 and FKBP38 associated with their N-terminal regions, which contain no known interaction motifs. Neither FKBP38 mRNA nor protein levels were regulated under hypoxic conditions or after PHD inhibition, suggesting that FKBP38 is not a HIF/PHD target. Stable RNA interference-mediated depletion of FKBP38 resulted in increased PHD hydroxylation activity and decreased HIF protein levels and transcriptional activity. Reconstitution of FKBP38 expression abolished these effects, which were independent of the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity. Downregulation of FKBP38 did not affect PHD2 mRNA levels but prolonged PHD2 protein stability, suggesting that FKBP38 is involved in PHD2 protein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barth
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Ponseti JM, Azem J, Fort JM, López-Cano M, Vilallonga R, Gamez J, Armengol M. Experience with starting tacrolimus postoperatively after transsternal extended thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22:885-95. [PMID: 16709310 DOI: 10.1185/030079906x104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymectomy is a standard treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). Immunomodulating agents are frequently given during the post-thymectomy latency period until complete remission is fully consolidated, but serious side effects is a relevant clinical problem for patients on long-term immunomodulating treatment. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of starting tacrolimus in the immediate postoperative period in MG patients undergoing transsternal extended thymectomy, with complete stable remission (CSR) as the primary outcome of the study. METHODS Forty-eight MG patients received tacrolimus, 0.1 mg/kg per day b.i.d. (started 24 h after thymectomy) and prednisone 1.5 mg/kg/day. Histologically, 34 patients had hyperplasia, 20 thymic involution, and 14 thymoma. Of the 48 patients, 40 completed 1 year of tacrolimus therapy, 38 completed 2 years, 27 completed 3 years, 21 completed 4 years, and 9 more than 5 years. Mean dose of tacrolimus was 4.9 mg/day (range 2-8 mg/day) with a mean plasma drug concentration of 7.6 ng/mL (range 7-9 ng/mL). Prednisone could be withdrawn after the first year in 93.7% of patients and at 2 years in 100%. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 24.4 months, SD 17.3 (range 6-60 months). Improvement of muscular strength and decrease of anti-AChR antibodies were statistically significant (p < 0.001) shortly after operation. CSR was obtained in 33.4% of patients, pharmacological remission in 62.6%; 4% of patients had minimal symptoms. None of the patients with thymoma achieved CSR. The estimated median follow-up to obtain a CSR was 37.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.4-49.5 months). The overall crude CSR rate was 33.4%, with 47% for non-thymoma patients. The probability to achieve CSR at 3 years was 67% for the non-thymomatous group. CONCLUSIONS Long-term immune-directed treatment with tacrolimus to improve the effectiveness of thymectomy in MG is feasible and was associated with a high rate of CSR in patients without thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Ponseti
- Unit of Myasthenia Gravis, Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Xu H, Tai J, Ye H, Kang CB, Yoon HS. The N-terminal domain of tumor suppressor p53 is involved in the molecular interaction with the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-Xl. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:938-44. [PMID: 16455050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences suggest that transcription-independent mechanism of p53 appears to make an important contribution to the overall p53-dependent apoptosis. Recently, it has been postulated that the DNA-binding domain of p53 can interact with Bcl-Xl, and subsequently the proposed molecular interaction has been shown by NMR studies. Interestingly, Chipuk et al. [Cancer Cell 4 (2003) 371] reported that the N-terminal domain of p53 (p53NTD) alone is necessary and sufficient to induce transcription-independent apoptosis. To further define and understand the nature of the molecular recognition between p53 and Bcl-Xl, our current study focuses on p53NTD. We first demonstrated the molecular interaction between p53NTD and Bcl-Xl by co-expressing and purifying the complex. Second, to define the binding interface of the molecular interaction, which is not previously characterized, in the current we employed a NMR-based binding study, showing that the binding site on Bcl-Xl is located in the region including alpha4, the N- and C-termini of alpha3, the N-terminus of alpha5, and the central part of alpha2. To further probe this observation, we then performed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay in cells. The FRET efficiency detected between the donor and acceptor molecules appears to suggest the presence of molecular interaction of p53NTD with Bcl-Xl in cells. Taken together, our data suggest that p53NTD interacts with Bcl-Xl but the characteristic of the molecular interaction appears to be different from that of the DNA-binding domain of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Xu
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637511, Singapore
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41
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Kang CB, Ye H, Vivekanandan S, Simon B, Sattler M, Yoon HS. Backbone 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments of the N-terminal domain of FKBP38 (FKBP38NTD). JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2006; 36 Suppl 1:37. [PMID: 16718587 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-006-9001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Bao Kang
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637665, Singapore
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