1
|
Pace-Asciak CR. Pathophysiology of the hepoxilins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:383-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
2
|
Hough LB, Nalwalk JW, Cleary RA, Phillips JG, Fang C, Yang W, Ding X. Deficits in neuronal cytochrome P450 activity attenuate opioid analgesia but not opioid side effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:255-62. [PMID: 25062792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Morphine-like analgesics act on µ opioid receptors in the CNS to produce highly effective pain relief, but the same class of receptors also mediates non-therapeutic side effects. The analgesic properties of morphine were recently shown to require the activity of a brain neuronal cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, but the significance of this pathway for opioid side effects is unknown. Here we show that brain P450 activity is not required for three of morphine׳s major side effects (respiratory depression, constipation, and locomotor stimulation). Following systemic or intracerebroventricular administration of morphine, transgenic mice with brain neuron - specific reductions in P450 activity showed highly attenuated analgesic responses as compared with wild-type (control) mice. However, brain P450-deficient mice showed normal morphine-induced side effects (respiratory depression, locomotor stimulation, and inhibition of intestinal motility). Pretreatment of control mice with the P450 inhibitor CC12 similarly reduced the analgesia, but not these side effects of morphine. Because activation of brain µ opioid receptors produces both opioid analgesia and opioid side effects, dissociation of the mechanisms for the therapeutic and therapy-limiting effects of opioids has important consequences for the development of analgesics with reduced side effects and/or limited addiction liability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Hough
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Julia W Nalwalk
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rachel A Cleary
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Cheng Fang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Weizhu Yang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burzaco J, Conde M, Parada LA, Zugaza JL, Dehaye JP, Marino A. ATP antagonizes thrombin-induced signal transduction through 12(S)-HETE and cAMP. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67117. [PMID: 23826207 PMCID: PMC3691129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have investigated the role of extracellular ATP on thrombin induced-platelet aggregation (TIPA) in washed human platelets. ATP inhibited TIPA in a dose-dependent manner and this inhibition was abolished by apyrase but not by adenosine deaminase (ADA) and it was reversed by extracellular magnesium. Antagonists of P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors had no effect on this inhibition suggesting that a P2X receptor controlled ATP-mediated TIPA inhibition. ATP also blocked inositol phosphates (IP1, IP2, IP3) generation and [Ca(2+)]i mobilization induced by thrombin. Thrombin reduced cAMP levels which were restored in the presence of ATP. SQ-22536, an adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor, partially reduced the inhibition exerted by ATP on TIPA. 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) inhibitors, nordihidroguaretic acid (NDGA) and 15(S)-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), strongly prevented ATP-mediated TIPA inhibition. Additionally, ATP inhibited the increase of 12(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) induced by thrombin. Pretreatment with both SQ-22536 and NDGA almost completely abolished ATP-mediated TIPA inhibition. Our results describe for the first time that ATP implicates both AC and 12-LO pathways in the inhibition of human platelets aggregation in response to agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Burzaco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Conde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis A. Parada
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - José L. Zugaza
- Department Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Zamudio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Dehaye
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacy C.P. 205/3, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aida Marino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Zafiriou MP, Zelarayan LC, Noack C, Renger A, Nigam S, Siafaka-Kapadai A. Hepoxilin A3 protects β-cells from apoptosis in contrast to its precursor, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:361-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Chou DS, Hsiao G, Lai YA, Tsai YJ, Sheu JR. Baicalein induces proliferation inhibition in B16F10 melanoma cells by generating reactive oxygen species via 12-lipoxygenase. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1197-203. [PMID: 19439216 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that baicalein induces hydroxyl radical formation in human platelets but the mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we show, using an electron spin resonance technique, that baicalein also induces hydroxyl radical formation in B16F10 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalein produced superoxide anions in the presence of an iron chelator and superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor. We suggest that superoxide anions produced by baicalein were promptly converted to hydroxyl radicals through SOD and the Fenton reaction in B16F10 melanoma cells. According to Western blotting results, the 12-LOX protein was expressed in B16F10 melanoma cells, but baicalein had no effect on 12-LOX expression. Decreases in 12-LOX protein expression and hydroxyl radical signals occurred in a 12-LOX small interfering RNA knockdown protein group compared with the baicalein control. In the MTT assay, we also found that baicalein caused a reduction in cellular viability, which was reversed by the addition of ROS scavengers. On the basis of these data, we conclude that ROS formation catalyzed by 12-LOX is one possible mechanism of growth inhibition by baicalein in B16F10 melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duen-Suey Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hepoxilin A3 (HXA3) synthase deficiency is causative of a novel ichthyosis form. FEBS Lett 2007; 582:279-85. [PMID: 18086569 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-bullous congenital ichthyosis erythroderma (NCIE) and lamellar ichthyosis (LI) are characterized by mutations in 12R-lipoxygenase (12R-LOX) and/or epidermal lipoxygenase 3 (eLOX3) enzymes. The eLOX3 lacks oxygenase activity, but is capable of forming hepoxilin-type products from arachidonic acid-derived hydroperoxide from 12R-LOX, termed 12R-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid (12R-HpETE). Mutations in either of two enzymes lead to NCIE or LI. Moreover, 12R-LOX-deficient mice exhibit severe phenotypic water barrier dysfunctions. Here, we demonstrate that 12R-HpETE can also be transformed to 8R-HXA(3) by hepoxilin A(3) (HXA(3)) synthase (12-lipoxygenase), which exhibits oxygenase activity. We also presented a novel form of ichthyosis in a patient, termed hepoxilin A(3) synthase-linked ichthyosis (HXALI), whose scales expressed high levels of 12R-LOX, but were deficient of HXA(3) synthase.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zafiriou MP, Deva R, Ciccoli R, Siafaka-Kapadai A, Nigam S. Biological role of hepoxilins: upregulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase as a cellular response to oxidative stress? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 77:209-15. [PMID: 17997296 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The 12S-lipoxygenase (12S-LOX) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is bifurcated at 12(S)-hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,10E (12S-HpETE) in the reduction route to form 12S-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) and in 8(S/R)-hydroxy-11(S),12S-trans-epoxyeicosa-5Z,9E,14Z-trienoic acid (HXA3) synthase pathway, previously known as isomerization route, to form hepoxilins. Earlier we showed that the HXA3 formation is restricted to cellular systems devoid of hydroperoxide reducing enzymes, e.g. GPxs, thus causing a persistent oxidative stress situation. Here, we show that HXA3 at as low as 100 nM concentration upregulates phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) mRNA and protein expressions, whereas other metabolites of AA metabolism 12S-HpETE and 12S-HETE failed to stimulate the PHGPx. Moreover, the decrease in 12S-HpETE below a threshold value of the hydroperoxide tone causes both suppression of the overall 12S-LOX activity and a shift from HXA3 formation towards 12S-HETE formation. We therefore propose that under persistent oxidative stress the formation of HXA3 and the HXA3-induced upregulation of PHGPx constitute a compensatory defense response to protect the vitality and functionality of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Zafiriou
- Centre for Experimental Gynecology & Breast Research and Eicosanoid Research Division, Charité - Campus University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, D-12200 Berlin, German.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalsotra A, Du L, Wang Y, Ladd PA, Kikuta Y, Duvic M, Boyd AS, Keeney DS, Strobel HW. Inflammation resolved by retinoid X receptor-mediated inactivation of leukotriene signaling pathways. FASEB J 2007; 22:538-47. [PMID: 17884973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9244com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse, inflammation-driven diseases. Metabolic inactivation of leukotriene signaling is an innate response to resolve inflammation, yet little is known of mechanisms regulating disposition of leukotrienes in peripheral tissues afflicted in common inflammatory diseases. We studied leukotriene hydroxylases (CYP4F gene products) in human skin, a common target of inflammation and adverse drug reactions. Epidermal keratinocytes express at least six CYP4F enzymes; the most highly expressed and highly regulated is CYP4F3A-the main neutrophil leukotriene hydroxylase. Differentiation-specific factors and retinoids are positive CYP4F regulators in vitro, effecting increased leukotriene B4 hydroxylation (inactivation). CYP4F expression is up-regulated in situ in hyperproliferative dermatoses-an innate mechanism to repair and restore epidermal barrier competency-and after retinoid therapy. Enhanced CYP4F-mediated inactivation of leukotriene signaling is a previously unrecognized antiinflammatory property of therapeutic retinoids mediated by preferential interactions between retinoid X receptors and CYP4F promoter elements in epidermal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auinash Kalsotra
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Medical School Bldg. 6, Room 200, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nigam S, Zafiriou MP, Deva R, Ciccoli R, Roux-Van der Merwe R. Structure, biochemistry and biology of hepoxilins. FEBS J 2007; 274:3503-3512. [PMID: 17608719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepoxilins are biologically relevant epoxy-hydroxy eicosanoids synthesized through the 12S-lipoxygenase (12S-LOX) pathway of the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The pathway is bifurcated at the level of 12S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HpETE), which can either be reduced to 12S-hydro-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) or converted to hepoxilins. The present review gives an update on the biochemistry, biology and clinical aspects of hepoxilin-based drug development. The isolation, cloning and characterization of a rat leukocyte-type 12S-LOX from rat insulinoma RINm5F cells revealed a 12S-LOX possessing an intrinsic 8S/R-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-5Z,9E,14Z-trienoic acid (HXA(3)) synthase activity. Site-directed mutagenesis studies on rat 12S-LOX showed that the HXA(3) synthase activity was impaired when the positional specificity of AA was altered. Interestingly, amino acid Leu353, and not conventional sequence determinants Met419 and Ile418, was found to be a crucial sequence determinant for AA oxygenation. The regulation of HXA(3) formation is dependent on the cellular overall peroxide tone. Cellular glutathione peroxidases (cGPxs) compete with HXA(3) synthase for 12S-HpETE as substrate either to reduce to 12S-HETE or to convert to HXA(3), respectively. Therefore, RINm5F cells, which are devoid of GPxs, are capable of converting AA or 12S-HpETE to HXA(3) under basal conditions, whereas cells overexpressing cGPx are unable to do so. HXA(3) exhibits a myriad of biological effects, most of which are associated with the stimulation of intracellular calcium or the transport of calcium across the membrane. The activation of HXA(3)-G-protein-coupled receptors explains many of the extracellular effects of HXA(3), including AA- and diacylglycerol (DAG) release in human neutrophils, insulin secretion in rat pancreatic beta-cells or islets, and synaptic actions in the brain. The availability of stable analogs of HXA(3), termed 10-hydroxy-11,12-cyclopropyl-eicosa-5Z,8Z,14Z-trienoic acid derivatives (PBTs), recently made several animal studies possible and explored the role of HXA(3) as a therapeutic in treatment of diseases. Thus, PBT-3 induced apoptosis in K562 tumour cells and inhibited growth of K562 CML solid tumours in nude mice. HXA(3) inhibited bleomycin-evoked lung fibrosis and inflammation in mice and the raised insulin level in the circulation of rats. At low glucose concentrations (0-3 mm), HXA(3) also stimulated insulin secretion in RINm5F cells through the activation of IRE1alpha, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident kinase. The latter regulates the protein folding for insulin biosynthesis. In conclusion, HXA(3)-mediated signaling may be involved in normal physiological functions, and hepoxilin-based drugs may serve as therapeutics in diseases such as type II diabetes and idiopathic lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Nigam
- Eicosanoid & Lipid Research Division and Centre for Experimental Gynecology & Breast Research, Charité- University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria-Patapia Zafiriou
- Eicosanoid & Lipid Research Division and Centre for Experimental Gynecology & Breast Research, Charité- University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rupal Deva
- Eicosanoid & Lipid Research Division and Centre for Experimental Gynecology & Breast Research, Charité- University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Ciccoli
- Eicosanoid & Lipid Research Division and Centre for Experimental Gynecology & Breast Research, Charité- University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Roux-Van der Merwe
- Eicosanoid & Lipid Research Division and Centre for Experimental Gynecology & Breast Research, Charité- University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rizzo WB. Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: molecular genetics and biochemical pathogenesis of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2007; 90:1-9. [PMID: 16996289 PMCID: PMC1933507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene that encodes fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of fatty aldehyde to fatty acid. Affected patients display ichthyosis, mental retardation and spastic diplegia. More than 70 mutations in ALDH3A2 have been discovered in SLS patients including amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions and splicing errors. Most mutations are private, but several common mutations reflect founder effects, consanguinity or recurrent mutational events. FALDH oxidizes fatty aldehyde substrates arising from metabolism of fatty alcohols, leukotriene B4, ether glycerolipids and other potential sources such as sphingolipids. The pathogenesis of the cutaneous and neurologic symptoms is thought to result from abnormal lipid accumulation in the membranes of skin and brain; the formation of aldehyde Schiff base adducts with amine-containing lipids or proteins; or defective eicosanoid metabolism. Therapeutic approaches are being developed to target specific metabolic defects associated with FALDH deficiency or to correct the genetic defect by gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985456 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68164-5456, USA.
| |
Collapse
|