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Cloutier G, Seltana A, Fallah S, Beaulieu JF. Integrin α7β1 represses intestinal absorptive cell differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2023; 430:113723. [PMID: 37499931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell differentiation is a highly controlled and orderly process occurring in the crypt so that cells migrating out to cover the villi are already fully functional. Absorptive cell precursors, which originate from the stem cell population located in the lower third of the crypt, are subject to several cycles of amplification in the transit amplifying (TA) zone, before reaching the terminal differentiation compartment located in the upper third. There is a large body of evidence that absorptive cell differentiation is halted in the TA zone through various epigenetic, transcriptional and intracellular signalling events or mechanisms allowing the transient expansion of this cell population but how these mechanisms are themself regulated remains obscure. One clue can be found in the epithelial cell-matrix microenvironment located all along the crypt-villus axis. Indeed, a previous study from our group revealed that α5-subunit containing laminins such as lamimin-511 and 512 inhibit early stages of differentiation in Caco-2/15 cells. Among potential receptors for laminin 511/512 is the integrin α7β1, which has previously been reported to be expressed in the human intestinal crypts and in early stages of Caco-2/15 cell differentiation. In this study, the effects of knocking down ITGA7 in Caco-2/15 cells were studied using shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 strategies. Abolition of the α7 integrin subunit resulted in a significant increase in the level of differentiation and polarization markers as well as the morphological features of intestinal cells. Activities of focal adhesion kinase and Src kinase were both reduced in α7-knockdown cells while the three major intestinal pro-differentiation factors CDX2, HNFα1 and HNF4α were overexpressed. Two epigenetic events associated with intestinal differentiation, the reduction of tri-methylated lysine 27 on histone H3 and the increase of acetylation of histone H4 were also observed in α7-knockdown cells. On the other hand, the ablation of α7 had no effect on cell proliferation. In conclusion, these data indicate that integrin α7β1 acts as a major repressor of absorptive cell terminal differentiation in the Caco-2/15 cell model and suggest that the laminin-α7β1 integrin interaction occurring in the transit amplifying zone of the adult intestine is involved in the transient halting of absorptive cell terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cloutier
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Amira Seltana
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Fallah
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Onozato D, Yamashita M, Fukuyama R, Akagawa T, Kida Y, Koeda A, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Efficient Generation of Cynomolgus Monkey Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids with Pharmacokinetic Functions. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1033-1045. [PMID: 29742964 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, the cynomolgus monkey (CM) model is frequently used to predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the human small intestine, because of its evolutionary closeness to humans. Intestinal organoids that mimic the intestinal tissue have attracted attention in regenerative medicine and drug development. In this study, we generated intestinal organoids from CM induced pluripotent stem (CMiPS) cells and analyzed their pharmacokinetic functions. CMiPS cells were induced into the hindgut; then, the cells were seeded on microfabricated culture vessel plates to form spheroids. The resulting floating spheroids were differentiated into intestinal organoids in a medium containing small-molecule compounds. The mRNA expression of intestinal markers and pharmacokinetic-related genes was markedly increased in the presence of small-molecule compounds. The organoids possessed a polarized epithelium and contained various cells constituting small intestinal tissues. The intestinal organoids formed functional tight junctions and expressed drug transporter proteins. In addition, in the organoids generated, cytochrome P450 3A8 (CYP3A8) activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor ketoconazole and was induced by rifampicin. Therefore, in the present work, we successfully generated intestinal organoids, with pharmacokinetic functions, from CMiPS cells using small-molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Onozato
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamashita
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fukuyama
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takumi Akagawa
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kida
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Koeda
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
We have previously reported that 60% sucrose diet-fed ChREBP knockout mice (KO) showed body weight loss resulting in lethality. We aimed to elucidate whether sucrose and fructose metabolism are impaired in KO. Wild-type mice (WT) and KO were fed a diet containing 30% sucrose with/without 0.08% miglitol, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, and these effects on phenotypes were tested. Furthermore, we compared metabolic changes of oral and peritoneal fructose injection. A thirty percent sucrose diet feeding did not affect phenotypes in KO. However, miglitol induced lethality in 30% sucrose-fed KO. Thirty percent sucrose plus miglitol diet-fed KO showed increased cecal contents, increased fecal lactate contents, increased growth of lactobacillales and Bifidobacterium and decreased growth of clostridium cluster XIVa. ChREBP gene deletion suppressed the mRNA levels of sucrose and fructose related genes. Next, oral fructose injection did not affect plasma glucose levels and liver fructose contents; however, intestinal sucrose and fructose related mRNA levels were increased only in WT. In contrast, peritoneal fructose injection increased plasma glucose levels in both mice; however, the hepatic fructose content in KO was much higher owing to decreased hepatic Khk mRNA expression. Taken together, KO showed sucrose intolerance and fructose malabsorption owing to decreased gene expression.
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Lepage M, Seltana A, Thibault MP, Tremblay É, Beaulieu JF. Knockdown of laminin α5 stimulates intestinal cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1510-1515. [PMID: 29198708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix regulate a wide range of cell processes such as proliferation and differentiation. Laminins are major components of the basement membrane that actively participate in most biological functions via their interactions with a variety of specific cell receptors. The α5-containing laminins (LAMA5) are one of the three main types of laminins identified at the epithelial basal lamina in the adult intestine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of α5-containing laminins on intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation. Using an shRNA targeting approach, the effects of knocking down the expression of LAMA5 were investigated in the enterocytic-like Caco-2/15 cell line, a well-characterized model for intestinal cell differentiation. Surprisingly, the abolition of the laminin α5 chain resulted in a drastic increase in the differentiation marker sucrase-isomaltase which was correctly expressed at the apical pole of the cells as observed by indirect immunofluorescence. Transient increases of dipeptidylpeptidase IV, villin, CDX2, HNF-1α, HNF-4α and transepithelial resistance as well as an apparent redistribution of the junctional components ZO-1 and E-cadherin were also observed at early stages of differentiation but no specific effect was observed on cell proliferation as evaluated by BrdU incorporation. Taken together, these data suggest that α5-containing laminins repress intestinal differentiation in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lepage
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Amira Seltana
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibault
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Tremblay
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Kodama N, Iwao T, Kabeya T, Horikawa T, Niwa T, Kondo Y, Nakamura K, Matsunaga T. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, DNA methyltransferase, and transforming growth factor-β promotes differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into enterocytes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Iwao T, Kodama N, Kondo Y, Kabeya T, Nakamura K, Horikawa T, Niwa T, Kurose K, Matsunaga T. Generation of enterocyte-like cells with pharmacokinetic functions from human induced pluripotent stem cells using small-molecule compounds. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:603-10. [PMID: 25650381 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.062604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays an important role in all aspects of pharmacokinetics, but there is no system for the comprehensive evaluation of small-intestinal pharmacokinetics, including drug metabolism and absorption. In this study, we aimed to construct an intestinal pharmacokinetics evaluation system and to generate pharmacokinetically functional enterocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Using activin A and fibroblast growth factor 2, we differentiated these stem cells into intestinal stem cell-like cells, and the resulting cells were differentiated into enterocytes in a medium containing epidermal growth factor and small-molecule compounds. The differentiated cells expressed intestinal marker genes and drug transporters. The expression of sucrase-isomaltase, an intestine-specific marker, was markedly increased by small-molecule compounds. The cells exhibited activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes expressed in enterocytes, including CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, UGT, and sulfotransferase. Fluorescence-labeled dipeptide uptake into the cells was observed and was inhibited by ibuprofen, an inhibitor of the intestinal oligopeptide transporter solute carrier 15A1/PEPT1. CYP3A4 mRNA expression level was increased by these compounds and induced by the addition of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. CYP3A4/5 activity was also induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cells differentiated in the presence of the compounds. All these results show that we have generated enterocyte-like cells that have pharmacokinetic functions, and we have identified small-molecule compounds that are effective for promoting intestinal differentiation and the gain of pharmacokinetic functions. Our enterocyte-like cells would be useful material for developing a novel evaluation system to predict human intestinal pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Nao Kodama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Tomoki Kabeya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Takashi Horikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Takuro Niwa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Kouichi Kurose
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., N.K., Y.K., K.N., T.M.); Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (T.I., T.K., K.N., T.M.); DMPK Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Saitama, Japan (T.H., T.N.); Research & Development Department, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.); and The Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.)
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Iwao T, Toyota M, Miyagawa Y, Okita H, Kiyokawa N, Akutsu H, Umezawa A, Nagata K, Matsunaga T. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional enterocyte-like cells using a simple method. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 29:44-51. [PMID: 23822979 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-13-rg-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were differentiated into the endoderm using activin A and were then treated with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) for differentiation into intestinal stem cell-like cells. These immature cells were then differentiated into enterocyte-like cells using epidermal growth factor (EGF) in 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS). At the early stage of differentiation, mRNA expression of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), a major transcription factor related to intestinal development and differentiation, and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), an intestinal stem cell marker, was markedly increased by treatment with FGF2. When cells were cultured in medium containing EGF and a low concentration of FBS, mRNAs of specific markers of intestinal epithelial cells, including sucrase-isomaltase, the intestinal oligopeptide transporter SLC15A1/peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), and the major metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4, were expressed. In addition, sucrase-isomaltase protein expression and uptake of β-Ala-Lys-N-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (β-Ala-Lys-AMCA), a fluorescence-labeled substrate of the oligopeptide transporter, were detected. These results demonstrate a simple and direct method for differentiating human iPS cells into functional enterocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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Le MT, Frye RF, Rivard CJ, Cheng J, McFann KK, Segal MS, Johnson RJ, Johnson JA. Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose on the pharmacokinetics of fructose and acute metabolic and hemodynamic responses in healthy subjects. Metabolism 2012; 61:641-51. [PMID: 22152650 PMCID: PMC3306467 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which contains a higher amount of fructose and provides an immediate source of free fructose, induces greater systemic concentrations of fructose as compared with sucrose. It is also unclear whether exposure to higher levels of fructose leads to increased fructose-induced adverse effects. The objective was to prospectively compare the effects of HFCS- vs sucrose-sweetened soft drinks on acute metabolic and hemodynamic effects. Forty men and women consumed 24 oz of HFCS- or sucrose-sweetened beverages in a randomized crossover design study. Blood and urine samples were collected over 6 hours. Blood pressure, heart rate, fructose, and a variety of other metabolic biomarkers were measured. Fructose area under the curve and maximum concentration, dose-normalized glucose area under the curve and maximum concentration, relative bioavailability of glucose, changes in postprandial concentrations of serum uric acid, and systolic blood pressure maximum levels were higher when HFCS-sweetened beverages were consumed as compared with sucrose-sweetened beverages. Compared with sucrose, HFCS leads to greater fructose systemic exposure and significantly different acute metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyPhuong T. Le
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Reginald F. Frye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Christopher J. Rivard
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, University of FL, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Kim K. McFann
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mark S. Segal
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Address correspondence to Julie A. Johnson, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translation Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO BOX 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610. Phone (352) 273-6007, Fax (352) 273-6121, and
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Liu L, Yu YL, Liu C, Wang XT, Liu XD, Xie L. Insulin deficiency induces abnormal increase in intestinal disaccharidase activities and expression under diabetic states, evidences from in vivo and in vitro study. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1963-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zemann N, Zemann A, Klein P, Elmadfa I, Huettinger M. Differentiation- and polarization-dependent zinc tolerance in Caco-2 cells. Eur J Nutr 2010; 50:379-86. [PMID: 21103883 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enterocytes are feasibly confronted with enormous zinc concentrations especially as a result of oral zinc supplementation. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the exceptional ability to withstand this usually toxic load using the enterocytic cell line Caco-2. METHODS By MTT test analysis, we compared zinc tolerance in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells (udCaco-2) and differentiated Caco-2 cells (dCaco-2). By RT-PCR, we compared the respective baseline expression levels of certain zinc transporters and metallothioneins (MTs) as well as the regulation of these components in response to high zinc concentrations. Moreover, using dCaco-2 cells cultured on porous membranes, we explored zinc tolerance in dependence of the side of zinc administration: apical versus basolateral. RESULTS dCaco-2 cells tolerate significantly higher levels of zinc compared to udCaco-2 cells. This adaptation was accompanied by upregulated ZnT-1 and downregulated ZIP1 levels. The expression of metallothioneins MT1A and MT1X was also significantly downregulated during differentiation. Moreover, apparent from profound differences in zinc tolerance between apical and basolateral zinc application, polarization was concluded to have substantial impact on cellular zinc tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The profound increase in zinc tolerance we found in differentiated enterocyte-type Caco-2 cells and in particular, the impact of polarization are likely to reflect the physiologically indispensable capability of enterocytes to cope with remarkable concentrations of intestinal zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zemann
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetic, Institute Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Benoit YD, Paré F, Francoeur C, Jean D, Tremblay E, Boudreau F, Escaffit F, Beaulieu JF. Cooperation between HNF-1alpha, Cdx2, and GATA-4 in initiating an enterocytic differentiation program in a normal human intestinal epithelial progenitor cell line. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G504-17. [PMID: 20133952 PMCID: PMC2907224 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00265.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the intestinal epithelium, the Cdx, GATA, and HNF transcription factor families are responsible for the expression of differentiation markers such as sucrase-isomaltase. Although previous studies have shown that Cdx2 can induce differentiation in rat intestinal IEC-6 cells, no data are available concerning the direct implication of transcription factors on differentiation in human normal intestinal epithelial cell types. We investigated the role of Cdx2, GATA-4, and HNF-1alpha using the undifferentiated human intestinal epithelial crypt cell line HIEC. These transcription factors were tested on proliferation and expression of polarization and differentiation markers. Ectopic expression of Cdx2 or HNF-1alpha, alone or in combination, altered cell proliferation abilities through the regulation of cyclin D1 and p27 expression. HNF-1alpha and GATA-4 together induced morphological modifications of the cells toward polarization, resulting in the appearance of functional features such as microvilli. HNF-1alpha was also sufficient to induce the expression of cadherins and dipeptidylpeptidase, whereas in combination with Cdx2 it allowed the expression of the late differentiation marker sucrase-isomaltase. Large-scale analysis of gene expression confirmed the cooperative effect of these factors. Finally, although DcamKL1 and Musashi-1 expression were downregulated in differentiated HIEC, other intestinal stem cell markers, such as Bmi1, were unaffected. These observations show that, in cooperation with Cdx2, HNF-1alpha acts as a key factor on human intestinal cells to trigger the onset of their functional differentiation program whereas GATA-4 appears to promote morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D. Benoit
- 1CIHR Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Département d′ anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Fréderic Paré
- 1CIHR Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Département d′ anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Caroline Francoeur
- 1CIHR Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Département d′ anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Dominique Jean
- 1CIHR Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Département d′ anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Eric Tremblay
- 1CIHR Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Département d′ anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - François Boudreau
- 1CIHR Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Département d′ anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Fabrice Escaffit
- 2Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- 1CIHR Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Département d′ anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
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Snykers S, De Kock J, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. In vitro differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells into hepatocytes: state of the art. Stem Cells 2009; 27:577-605. [PMID: 19056906 PMCID: PMC2729674 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are a unique source of self-renewing cells within the human body. Before the end of the last millennium, adult stem cells, in contrast to their embryonic counterparts, were considered to be lineage-restricted cells or incapable of crossing lineage boundaries. However, the unique breakthrough of muscle and liver regeneration by adult bone marrow stem cells at the end of the 1990s ended this long-standing paradigm. Since then, the number of articles reporting the existence of multipotent stem cells in skin, neuronal tissue, adipose tissue, and bone marrow has escalated, giving rise, both in vivo and in vitro, to cell types other than their tissue of origin. The phenomenon of fate reprogrammation and phenotypic diversification remains, though, an enigmatic and rare process. Understanding how to control both proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and their progeny is a challenge in many fields, going from preclinical drug discovery and development to clinical therapy. In this review, we focus on current strategies to differentiate embryonic, mesenchymal(-like), and liver stem/progenitor cells into hepatocytes in vitro. Special attention is paid to intracellular and extracellular signaling, genetic modification, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In addition, some recommendations are proposed to standardize, optimize, and enrich the in vitro production of hepatocyte-like cells out of stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Snykers
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
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