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El-Darzi N, Mast N, Li Y, Dailey B, Kang M, Rhee DJ, Pikuleva IA. The normalizing effects of the CYP46A1 activator efavirenz on retinal sterol levels and risk factors for glaucoma in Apoj -/- mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:194. [PMID: 37392222 PMCID: PMC10314885 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein J (APOJ) is a multifunctional protein with genetic evidence suggesting an association between APOJ polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease as well as exfoliation glaucoma. Herein we conducted ocular characterizations of Apoj-/- mice and found that their retinal cholesterol levels were decreased and that this genotype had several risk factors for glaucoma: increased intraocular pressure and cup-to-disk ratio and impaired retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function. The latter was not due to RGC degeneration or activation of retinal Muller cells and microglia/macrophages. There was also a decrease in retinal levels of 24-hydroxycholesterol, a suggested neuroprotectant under glaucomatous conditions and a positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors mediating the light-evoked response of the RGC. Therefore, Apoj-/- mice were treated with low-dose efavirenz, an allosteric activator of CYP46A1 which converts cholesterol into 24-hydroxycholesterol. Efavirenz treatment increased retinal cholesterol and 24-hydroxycholesterol levels, normalized intraocular pressure and cup-to-disk ratio, and rescued in part RGC function. Retinal expression of Abcg1 (a cholesterol efflux transporter), Apoa1 (a constituent of lipoprotein particles), and Scarb1 (a lipoprotein particle receptor) was increased in EVF-treated Apoj-/- mice, indicating increased retinal cholesterol transport on lipoprotein particles. Ocular characterizations of Cyp46a1-/- mice supported the beneficial efavirenz treatment effects via CYP46A1 activation. The data obtained demonstrate an important APOJ role in retinal cholesterol homeostasis and link this apolipoprotein to the glaucoma risk factors and retinal 24-hydroxycholesterol production by CYP46A1. As the CYP46A1 activator efavirenz is an FDA-approved anti-HIV drug, our studies suggest a new therapeutic approach for treatment of glaucomatous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole El-Darzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Brian Dailey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Douglas J Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Chintala SK, Pan J, Satapathy S, Condruti R, Hao Z, Liu PW, O’Conner CF, Barr JT, Wilson MR, Jeong S, Fini ME. Recombinant Human Clusterin Seals Damage to the Ocular Surface Barrier in a Mouse Model of Ophthalmic Preservative-Induced Epitheliopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:981. [PMID: 36674497 PMCID: PMC9861099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant unmet need for therapeutics to treat ocular surface barrier damage, also called epitheliopathy, due to dry eye and related diseases. We recently reported that the natural tear glycoprotein CLU (clusterin), a molecular chaperone and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, seals and heals epitheliopathy in mice subjected to desiccating stress in a model of aqueous-deficient/evaporative dry eye. Here we investigated CLU sealing using a second model with features of ophthalmic preservative-induced dry eye. The ocular surface was stressed by topical application of the ophthalmic preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Then eyes were treated with CLU and sealing was evaluated immediately by quantification of clinical dye uptake. A commercial recombinant form of human CLU (rhCLU), as well as an rhCLU form produced in our laboratory, designed to be compatible with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines on current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), were as effective as natural plasma-derived human CLU (pCLU) in sealing the damaged ocular surface barrier. In contrast, two other proteins found in tears: TIMP1 and LCN1 (tear lipocalin), exhibited no sealing activity. The efficacy and selectivity of rhCLU for sealing of the damaged ocular surface epithelial barrier suggests that it could be of therapeutic value in treating BAC-induced epitheliopathy and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan K. Chintala
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinhong Pan
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sandeep Satapathy
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rebecca Condruti
- Training Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zixuan Hao
- Training Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pei-wen Liu
- Training Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christian F. O’Conner
- Doctor of Medicine Training Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joseph T. Barr
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Fini
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Ungsudechachai T, Honsawek S, Jittikoon J, Udomsinprasert W. Clusterin exacerbates interleukin-1β-induced inflammation via suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes of knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9963. [PMID: 35705674 PMCID: PMC9200742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine, a multifaceted chaperon-like protein exerting anti-inflammatory action, clusterin (CLU), mRNA and protein levels in the systemic and local joint environment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and to determine whether CLU inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammation in knee OA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) through modulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. CLU protein and mRNA expressions in the synovium and its protein levels in plasma and synovial fluid of knee OA patients were measured using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and ELISA, respectively. Anti-inflammatory effect of CLU was further elucidated in knee OA FLSs treated with IL-1β in the absence or presence of CLU, CLU alone, or PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) along with IL-1β and CLU. In a clinical study, compared with knee OA patients without synovitis, CLU protein and mRNA were expressed in the synovium of knee OA patients with synovitis, especially those with high-grade, consistent with analyses of its plasma and synovial fluid levels. CLU mRNA and protein levels were both associated with synovitis severity. An in vitro study uncovered that CLU significantly alleviated IL-1β-induced overproduction of nitric oxide and IL-6 in knee OA FLSs. Furthermore, CLU significantly attenuated inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation induced by IL-1β via down-regulating expressions of IL-6, nuclear factor kappa B, and matrix metalloproteinase-13. Mechanistically, CLU significantly impeded IL-1β-induced Akt phosphorylation in knee OA FLSs, in line with addition of LY294002 along with IL-1β and CLU. These findings suggest that CLU may have potential as a novel therapeutic target for synovitis and cartilage destruction in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tachatra Ungsudechachai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraphun Jittikoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanvisa Udomsinprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Zhirong Z, Li H, Yiqun H, Chunyang H, Lichen Z, Zhen T, Tao W, Ruiwu D. Enhancing or inhibiting apoptosis? The effects of ucMSC-Ex in the treatment of different degrees of traumatic pancreatitis. Apoptosis 2022; 27:521-530. [PMID: 35612769 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The animal models of traumatic pancreatitis (TP) were established to evaluate the specific mechanisms by which umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ucMSC-Ex) exert therapeutic effects. Sixty four rats were randomly divided into eight groups, including TP groups with three different degrees and relevant groups with ucMSC-Ex treated. The degrees of pancreatic tissue injury were evaluated by Histological Examination. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were applied to evaluate the activity of pancreatic enzymes and levels of inflammatory factors in serum. Finally, the apoptotic effects of each group were evaluated by TUNEL, western blot (WB), and real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The pancreatic histopathological score and serum amylase and lipase levels gradually increased in various degrees of TP and the levels in the treatment group were all significantly decreased. The apoptosis index gradually increased in each TP group and significantly decreased in the treatment group in TUNEL results. WB and RT-qPCR showed the same trend, that bax and caspase-3 gradually increased and bcl-2 gradually decreased in TP groups. Compared with TP groups, the expression of bax and caspase-3 were lower while bcl-2 expression was higher in the treatment group. ucMSC-Ex suppressed the inflammatory response and inhibited pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis to promote repair of injured pancreatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhirong
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Li
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Yiqun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Chunyang
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Department, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Lichen
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.,College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tan Zhen
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang Tao
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Dai Ruiwu
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China. .,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China. .,College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Wijerathna HMSM, Nadarajapillai K, Udayantha HMV, Kasthuriarachchi TDW, Shanaka KASN, Kwon H, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular delineation, expression profiling, immune response, and anti-apoptotic function of a novel clusterin homolog from big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:289-299. [PMID: 35430349 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein that contains α- and β-chains. CLU exerts multifunctional activities and plays a role in different cell signaling pathways that are associated with various diseases such as proteotoxic and oxidative stress, as well as cell death and survival. However, its role in marine teleost fish remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was carried out to characterize and investigate the immune responses and anti-apoptotic effects of CLU of the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) (HaCLU) on oxidative stress-induced cell death. The HaCLU open reading frame was 1389 bp long and encoded a protein with 462 amino acids, a molecular weight of 51.28 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.41. In-silico results demonstrated that HaCLU has a signal peptide in the 1-29 amino acid region, while the α- and β-chains were in the 34-227 and 228-455 amino acid regions, respectively. Multiple sequence alignment clarified the low homology of the α-chain with other orthologs. The highest HaCLU mRNA expression level was observed in the liver, followed by the heart, spleen, and brain tissues of healthy big-belly seahorses. Further, HaCLU mRNA expression level was elevated in the liver in response to different stimuli, including lipopolysaccharides, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, Edwardsiella tarda, and Streptococcus iniae. HaCLU potentiates cell viability and weakens chromatin condensation in the nucleus of FHM cells following H2O2-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell death. HaCLU overexpression resulted in a reduced Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression ratio. This study revealed the role of HaCLU in immune regulation against pathogenic infections and its anti-apoptotic effects on oxidative stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M S M Wijerathna
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - T D W Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Hong SW, Lee J, Kim MJ, Moon SJ, Kwon H, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Clusterin Protects Lipotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis via Upregulation of Autophagy in Insulin-Secreting Cells. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:943-953. [PMID: 33261311 PMCID: PMC7803614 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great need to discover factors that could protect pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis and thus prevent diabetes mellitus. Clusterin (CLU), a chaperone protein, plays an important role in cell protection in numerous cells and is involved in various cellular mechanisms, including autophagy. In the present study, we investigated the protective role of CLU through autophagy regulation in pancreatic β-cells. METHODS To identify the protective role of CLU, mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells were incubated with CLU and/or free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate, and cellular apoptosis and autophagy were examined. RESULTS Treatment with CLU remarkably upregulated microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3 (LC3)-II conversion in a doseand time-dependent manner with a significant increase in the autophagy-related 3 (Atg3) gene expression level, which is a mediator of LC3-II conversion. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy experiments showed that the molecular interaction of LC3 with Atg3 and p62 was markedly increased by CLU. Stimulation of LC3-II conversion by CLU persisted in lipotoxic conditions, and FFA-induced apoptosis and dysfunction were simultaneously improved by CLU treatment. Finally, inhibition of LC3-II conversion by Atg3 gene knockdown markedly attenuated the cytoprotective effect of CLU. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that CLU protects pancreatic β-cells against lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis via autophagy stimulation mediated by facilitating LC3-II conversion. Thus, CLU has therapeutic effects on FFA-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Woo Hong
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jinmi Lee
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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7
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Tajbakhsh A, Farahani N, Gheibihayat SM, Mirkhabbaz AM, Savardashtaki A, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autoantigen-specific immune tolerance in pathological and physiological cell death: Nanotechnology comes into view. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107177. [PMID: 33249046 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are tolerogenic and can present self-antigens in the absence of inflammation, to antigen-presenting cells by the process of efferocytosis, resulting in anergy and depletion of immune effector cells. This tolerance is essential to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Consequently, effective efferocytosis can result in the induction of immune tolerance mediated via triggering modulatory lymphocytes and anti-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, several distinct soluble factors, receptors and pathways have been found to be involved in the efferocytosis, which are able to regulate immune tolerance by lessening antigen presentation, inhibition of T-cell proliferation and induction of regulatory T-cells. Some newly developed nanotechnology-based approaches can induce antigen-specific immunological tolerance without any systemic immunosuppression. These strategies have been explored to reverse autoimmune responses induced against various protein antigens in different diseases. In this review, we describe some nanotechnology-based approaches for the maintenance of self-tolerance using the apoptotic cell clearance process (efferocytosis) that may be able to induce immune tolerance and treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran.
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Borska L, Andrys C, Hamakova K, Rehacek V, Svadlakova T, Malkova A, Beranek M, Palicka V, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Metabolic Syndrome, Clusterin and Elafin in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165617. [PMID: 32764517 PMCID: PMC7460615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a pathological condition characterized by immune system dysfunction and inflammation. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to develop a wide range of disorders associated with inflammation. Serum levels of various substances and their combinations have been associated with the presence of the disease (psoriasis) and have shown the potential to reflect its activity. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the elucidation of pathophysiological links between psoriasis, its pro-inflammatory comorbidity metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the expression of clusterin and elafin, which are reflected in the pathophysiological “portfolio” of both diseases. Material and methods: Clinical examinations (PASI score), ELISA (clusterin, elafin), and biochemical analyses (parameters of MetS) were performed. Results: We found that patients with psoriasis were more often afflicted by MetS, compared to the healthy controls. Clusterin and elafin levels were higher in the patients than in the controls but did not correlate to the severity of psoriasis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients with psoriasis are more susceptible to developing other systemic inflammatory diseases, such as MetS. The levels of clusterin and elafin, which are tightly linked to inflammation, were significantly increased in the patients, compared to the controls, but the presence of MetS in patients did not further increase these levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Kvetoslava Hamakova
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Rehacek
- Transfusion Center, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Martin Beranek
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
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9
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Loss of RE-1 silencing transcription factor accelerates exocrine damage from pancreatic injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:138. [PMID: 32080178 PMCID: PMC7033132 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of pancreas plasticity is critical for preventing injury and promoting regeneration upon tissue damage. The intricate process of pancreatic differentiation is governed by an orchestrated network of positive and negative transcription factors for appropriate gene expression. While the transcriptional repressor REST is well characterized as a silencer of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells, the role of REST in regulating exocrine pancreas cell identity remains largely unexplored. Rest expression is increased upon injury in the mouse pancreas, such as induced acute and chronic pancreatitis and ductal adenocarcinoma. At the cellular level, Rest expression is lower in mature acinar cells compared with pancreas progenitor and ductal cells. To investigate the role of REST activity in pancreatic transdifferentiation and homeostasis, we developed a novel mouse model (Cre/RESTfl/fl) with conditional knockout (KO) of Rest expression within pancreas cells. The high Cre-mediated excision efficiency of Rest exon two KO caused decreased Rest expression and activity within the pancreas. Short-term organoid cultures of pancreatic acini to undergo acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) showed that loss of REST impedes induced ADM, while overexpression of REST increases ADM. Interestingly, REST ablation accelerated acute pancreatitis in mice treated with the cholecystokinin analog caerulein, as indicated by cellular morphology, elevated serum amylase levels and pancreatic edema. Furthermore, Cre/RESTfl/fl mice were more sensitive to acute pancreatitis injury and displayed augmented tissue damage and cellular lesions. These results suggest REST has a novel protective role against pancreatic tissue damage by acting as a regulator of exocrine cell identity.
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10
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Clusterin Silencing in Prostate Cancer Induces Matrix Metalloproteinases by an NF- κB-Dependent Mechanism. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:4081624. [PMID: 31885575 PMCID: PMC6925831 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a stress-activated glycoprotein, whose expression is altered both in inflammation and cancer. Previously, we showed that abrogation of CLU expression in cancer-prone mice (TRAMP) results in the enhancement of tumor spreading and homing, concomitant with an enhanced expression of NF-κB. In the present paper, we carried out an extensive experimental work by utilizing microarray gene expression data, as well as in vitro and in vivo models of prostate cancer (PCa). Our results demonstrated that (i) CLU expression is significantly downregulated in human PCa and inversely correlates with the expression of p65 in metastases; (ii) CLU overexpression in PCa cells reduces the Ser536 phosphorylation of p65, inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, and reduces the transcription of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-9 and MMP-2). Conversely, CLU silencing promotes NF-κB activation and transcriptional upregulation of MMP-9; and (iii) expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are increased in CLU−/− mice (CLUKO) and in TRAMP/CLUKO mice in comparison to their relative Clu+/+ littermates. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that CLU downregulation, an early and relevant event in PCa onset, may inhibit NF-κB activation and limit the execution of a transcriptional program that favor the disease progression towards a metastatic stage.
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11
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Herring SK, Moon HJ, Rawal P, Chhibber A, Zhao L. Brain clusterin protein isoforms and mitochondrial localization. eLife 2019; 8:48255. [PMID: 31738162 PMCID: PMC6860991 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU), or apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), is the third most predominant genetic risk factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). In this study, we use multiple rodent and human brain tissue and neural cell models to demonstrate that CLU is expressed as multiple isoforms that have distinct cellular or subcellular localizations in the brain. Of particular significance, we identify a non-glycosylated 45 kDa CLU isoform (mitoCLU) that is localized to the mitochondrial matrix and expressed in both rodent and human neurons and astrocytes. In addition, we show that rodent mitoCLU is translated from a non-canonical CUG (Leu) start site in Exon 3, a site that coincides with an AUG (Met) in human CLU. Last, we reveal that mitoCLU is present at the gene and protein level in the currently available CLU–/– mouse model. Collectively, these data provide foundational knowledge that is integral in elucidating the relationship between CLU and the development of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Herring
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Hee-Jung Moon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Punam Rawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Anindit Chhibber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
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12
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Yang C, Wang H, Li C, Niu H, Luo S, Guo X. Association between clusterin concentration and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:129-140. [PMID: 30291488 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have showed that high clusterin (CLU) concentration was associated with increased risk of dementia. However, the results based on small samples remained controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between CLU concentration and the late-life cognitive outcomes including mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease related dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A comprehensive search was conducted to screen the eligible studies in online database PubMed, Web of Science and Embase from 1950 to January 2017 according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The CLU concentration data in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and plasma was collected to determine the strength of this association. The results were presented with standard difference of the mean (SDM) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 28 studies were identified to calculate the association between CLU concentration and dementia. The results showed that the CLU concentration in the plasma (SDM = 0.73, 95% CI 0.26-1.19, P = 0.002) and brain tissue (SDM = 0.71, 95% CI 0.10-1.32, P = 0.022) was increased in dementia compared to normal control. Subgroup analysis showed that the plasma CLU concentration was significantly increased only in the AD group (SDM = 1.85, 95% CI 0.84-2.85, P < 0.001), but not in MCI or other dementias. No association was found between serum and CSF clusterin concentration and dementia. This meta-analysis indicates that high CLU concentration in the plasma and brain is associated with dementia, especially in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Zhuozhou, Zhuozhou, 072750, Hebei, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Zhuozhou, Zhuozhou, 072750, Hebei, China
| | - Chaojiu Li
- The Middle School Attached to Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Huiyan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Zhuozhou, Zhuozhou, 072750, Hebei, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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13
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Park JW, Nam KT, Shin JH, Kim IY, Choi KM, Roh KJ, Oh SH, Yun YM, Suh JG, Oh YS, Yoon YS, Seong JK. Clusterin is highly expressed in tubular complexes during spontaneous pancreatitis of spontaneous hypertensive rats. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1553-1557. [PMID: 30111670 PMCID: PMC6207517 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of pancreas which leads to varying degrees of
pancreatic endocrine and exocrine dysfunction and manifests in either acute or chronic
forms. Spontaneous pancreatitis in experimental animals has rarely been reported. Here, we
found acute to chronic courses of spontaneous pancreatitis in spontaneously hypertensive
rats (SHRs), showing the formation of tubular complexes (TCs) and enhanced islet
regeneration. We investigated the expression pattern of clusterin in the pancreas of SHRs
based on immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC analysis revealed the strong expression of
clusterin in dedifferentiated duct-like cells and regenerative islets of TCs. These
results imply that clusterin might be involved in the formation of TCs and parenchymal
regeneration during rat pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Park
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Choi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Roh
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea
| | - Young-Min Yun
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 61 Iljudong-ro, Jeju-si Jeju-do, 63294, Korea
| | - Jun-Gyo Suh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Medical Genetics and Experimental Animal Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallimdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Korea
| | - Yang-Seok Oh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Experimental Animal Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallimdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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14
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Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM, Kassem M. Secreted Clusterin protein inhibits osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Bone 2018; 110:221-229. [PMID: 29476977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secreted Clusterin (sCLU, also known as Apolipoprotein J) is an anti-apoptotic glycoprotein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, lipid transport, extracellular tissue remodeling and apoptosis. sCLU is expressed and secreted by mouse bone marrow-derived skeletal (stromal or mesenchymal) stem cells (mBMSCs), but its functional role in MSC biology is not known. In this study, we demonstrated that Clusterin mRNA expression and protein secretion in conditioned medium increased during adipocyte differentiation and decreased during osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Treatment of mBMSC cultures with recombinant sCLU protein increased cell proliferation and exerted an inhibitory effect on the osteoblast differentiation while stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated silencing of Clu expression in mBMSCs reduced adipocyte differentiation and stimulated osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of sCLU on the osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs was mediated by the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. In conclusion, we identified sCLU as a regulator of mBMSCs lineage commitment to osteoblasts versus adipocytes through a mechanism mediated by ERK1/2 signaling. Inhibiting sCLU is a possible therapeutic approach for enhancing osteoblast differentiation and consequently bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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García-Hernández V, Sánchez-Bernal C, Schvartz D, Calvo JJ, Sanchez JC, Sánchez-Yagüe J. A tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic analysis during the early phase of experimental pancreatitis reveals new insights in the disease pathogenesis. J Proteomics 2018; 181:190-200. [PMID: 29678717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the protein expression occurring within the initiation phase of acute pancreatitis (AP) might be vital in the development of this complex disease. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the onset of AP remains elusive and most of our knowledge about the pathobiology of AP comes from animal models. We performed in a rat pancreatitic model a high-throughput shotgun proteomic profiling of the soluble and whole membrane fractions from the pancreas during the early phase of cerulein (Cer)-induced AP. We identified 997 proteins, of which 353 were significantly different (22, 276 or 55 in both, the soluble or the membrane fractions, respectively). Gene Ontology and KEGG PATHWAY analyses revealed that these proteins were implicated in molecular mechanisms relevant to AP pathogenesis, including vesicle-mediated and protein transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial impairment or proteolysis. Numerous metabolic processes were downregulated apparently to reduce energy consumption, and a remarkable increase in inflammatory and stress responses was also highlighted. The proteomic data were verified by immunoblotting of 11 and 7 different soluble or membrane-associated proteins, either novel (VPS29 and MCTS1) or known factors in AP. Also, our first observation of the imbalance of some COP proteins during AP early phase deserves further characterization. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AP is one of the most important pathological inflammatory states of the exocrine pancreas but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, especially the early acinar events. Proteomic analysis of pancreatic subcellular fractions simplifies protein maps and helps in the identification of new protein alterations and biomarkers characterizing pancreatic tissue damage. Our shotgun approach has not been previously used to profile the early proteomic alterations of the disease, which are considered crucial for its development and for the founding of clinical procedures. Furthermore, our subcellular fractionation protocol allowed us to detect changes in membrane proteins so far overlooked in the proteomic study of AP. Accordingly, using TMT proteomics and bioinformatic tools, we were able to detect significant changes in protein expression related to many pathobiological pathways of acute pancreatitis as from the early phase of the disease. To our knowledge, some of these changes, such as the imbalance of some COP proteins, have never been described in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta García-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University Medical Center, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José J Calvo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University Medical Center, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Yagüe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain.
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16
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Hepatocyte-specific clusterin overexpression attenuates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1775-1781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Sol IS, Kim YH, Park YA, Lee KE, Hong JY, Kim MN, Kim YS, Oh MS, Yoon SH, Kim MJ, Kim KW, Sohn MH, Kim KE. Relationship between sputum clusterin levels and childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 46:688-95. [PMID: 26661728 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin is a sensitive cellular biosensor of oxidative stress and has been studied as a biomarker for inflammation-associated diseases. Clusterin levels in childhood asthma have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES (1) To evaluate sputum clusterin levels in children with asthma compared to a control group. (2) To assess the relationships between sputum clusterin levels and airway inflammation, pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. METHODS This study included 170 children aged 5-18 years with stable asthma (n = 91), asthma exacerbation (n = 29), or no asthma (healthy controls; n = 50). Induced sputum, pulmonary function, and methacholine challenge tests were performed. Stable asthma was classified into two groups according to the severity. Clusterin levels in sputum were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Children with stable asthma had a higher clusterin level than healthy controls [4540 (3872-5651) pg/mL vs. 3857 (1054-4369) pg/mL, P < 0.001]. The clusterin level was also more elevated in eosinophil-dominant sputum than in non-eosinophilic sputum in stable asthma [5094 (4243-6257) pg/mL vs. 4110 (1871-4839) pg/mL, P = 0.0017]. Clusterin levels were associated with asthma severity. Paradoxically, clusterin levels were lower during asthma exacerbation than in stable asthma [1838 (350-4790] pg/mL vs. 4540 (3872-5651) pg/mL, P < 0.001]. Clusterin levels were strongly correlated with the methacholine concentration that caused a 20% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = -0.617, P < 0.001); there was no significant correlation between clusterin levels and other pulmonary function parameters. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clusterin levels were altered in children with stable asthma and asthma exacerbation because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Clusterin may be a marker that reflects airway inflammation and severity of symptoms, and it can be used in the assessment and management of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Sol
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y A Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K E Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M N Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M H Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K E Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Clusterin facilitates apoptotic cell clearance and prevents apoptotic cell-induced autoimmune responses. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2215. [PMID: 27148688 PMCID: PMC4917652 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (Clu), an extracellular chaperone, exhibits characteristics of soluble innate immunity receptors, as assessed by its ability to bind some bacteria strains. In this study, we report that Clu also binds specifically to late apoptotic cells but not to live, early apoptotic, or necrotic cells. Histones, which accumulate on blebs during the apoptotic process, represent privileged Clu-binding motifs at the surface of late apoptotic cells. As a consequence, Clu potentiates, both in vitro and in vivo, the phagocytosis of late apoptotic cells by macrophages. Moreover, the increased phagocytosis of late apoptotic cells induced by Clu favors the presentation and cross-presentation of apoptotic cell-associated antigens. Finally, we observed that, in a model of apoptotic cell-induced autoimmunity, and relative to control mice, Clu−/− mice develop symptoms of autoimmunity, including the generation of anti-dsDNA antibodies, deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components within kidneys, and splenomegaly. These results identify Clu as a new molecule partner involved in apoptotic cell efferocytosis and suggest a protective role for Clu in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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19
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Kloučková J, Lacinová Z, Kaválková P, Trachta P, Kasalický M, Haluzíková D, Mráz M, Haluzík M. Plasma concentrations and subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression of clusterin in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the effect of short-term hyperinsulinemia, very-low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery. Physiol Res 2016; 65:481-92. [PMID: 27070750 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein with wide range of functions. To further explore its possible regulatory role in energy homeostasis and in adipose tissue, we measured plasma clusterin and its mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of 15 healthy lean women, 15 obese women (OB) and 15 obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent a 2-week very low-calorie diet (VLCD), 10 obese women without T2DM who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and 8 patients with T2DM, 8 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 8 normoglycemic patients who underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC). VLCD decreased plasma clusterin in OB but not in T2DM patients while LSG and HEC had no effect. Clusterin mRNA expression in SCAT at baseline was increased in OB and T2DM patients compared with controls. Clusterin mRNA expression decreased 6 months after LSG and remained decreased 12 months after LSG. mRNA expression of clusterin was elevated at the end of HEC compared with baseline only in normoglycemic but not in IGT or T2DM patients. In summary, our data suggest a possible local regulatory role for clusterin in the adipose tissue rather than its systemic involvement in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kloučková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Obesitology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Bauskar A, Mack WJ, Mauris J, Argüeso P, Heur M, Nagel BA, Kolar GR, Gleave ME, Nakamura T, Kinoshita S, Moradian-Oldak J, Panjwani N, Pflugfelder SC, Wilson MR, Fini ME, Jeong S. Clusterin Seals the Ocular Surface Barrier in Mouse Dry Eye. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138958. [PMID: 26402857 PMCID: PMC4581869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is a common disorder caused by inadequate hydration of the ocular surface that results in disruption of barrier function. The homeostatic protein clusterin (CLU) is prominent at fluid-tissue interfaces throughout the body. CLU levels are reduced at the ocular surface in human inflammatory disorders that manifest as severe dry eye, as well as in a preclinical mouse model for desiccating stress that mimics dry eye. Using this mouse model, we show here that CLU prevents and ameliorates ocular surface barrier disruption by a remarkable sealing mechanism dependent on attainment of a critical all-or-none concentration. When the CLU level drops below the critical all-or-none threshold, the barrier becomes vulnerable to desiccating stress. CLU binds selectively to the ocular surface subjected to desiccating stress in vivo, and in vitro to the galectin LGALS3, a key barrier component. Positioned in this way, CLU not only physically seals the ocular surface barrier, but it also protects the barrier cells and prevents further damage to barrier structure. These findings define a fundamentally new mechanism for ocular surface protection and suggest CLU as a biotherapeutic for dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bauskar
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate Program in Medical Biology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- Southern California Clinical & Translational Science Institute and Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jerome Mauris
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martin Heur
- USC Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Nagel
- Research Microscopy and Histology Core, Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Grant R. Kolar
- Department of Pathology and Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Martin E. Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Noorjahan Panjwani
- New England Eye Center/Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M. Elizabeth Fini
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Departments of Cell & Neurobiology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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PACAP inhibits tumor growth and interferes with clusterin in cervical carcinomas. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4730-9. [PMID: 25451228 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU), an anti-apoptotic protein, is overexpressed in many tumors and enhances tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance. However, the regulation mechanism controlling the sCLU maturation process or activity remains undetermined. In this study, we found PACAP as a negative regulator of CLU. Overexpression of the PACAP gene in cervical cancer cell lines lacking PACAP expression significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis. We further demonstrated that interaction of PACAP with CLU significantly downregulated CLU expression and secretion, inhibited the Akt-Raf-ERK pathway, and suppressed the growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. This novel inhibitory function of PACAP may be applicable for developing novel molecular therapies for tumors with increased sCLU expression.
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DiBattista AM, Stevens BW, Rebeck GW, Green AE. Two Alzheimer's disease risk genes increase entorhinal cortex volume in young adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:779. [PMID: 25339884 PMCID: PMC4186290 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk genes alter brain structure and function decades before disease onset. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest known genetic risk factor for AD, and a related gene, apolipoprotein J (APOJ), also affects disease risk. However, the extent to which these genes affect brain structure in young adults remains unclear. Here, we report that AD risk alleles of these two genes, APOE-ε4 and APOJ-C, cumulatively alter brain volume in young adults. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in 57 individuals, we examined the entorhinal cortex, one of the earliest brain regions affected in AD pathogenesis. Apolipoprotein E-ε4 carriers exhibited higher right entorhinal cortex volume compared to non-carriers. Interestingly, APOJ-C risk genotype was associated with higher bilateral entorhinal cortex volume in non-APOE-ε4 carriers. To determine the combined disease risk of APOE and APOJ status per subject, we used cumulative odds ratios as regressors for volumetric measurements. Higher disease risk corresponded to greater right entorhinal cortex volume. These results suggest that, years before disease onset, two key AD genetic risk factors may exert influence on the structure of a brain region where AD pathogenesis takes root.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benson W Stevens
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA ; Department of Psychology, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam E Green
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
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Kwon MJ, Ju TJ, Heo JY, Kim YW, Kim JY, Won KC, Kim JR, Bae YK, Park IS, Min BH, Lee IK, Park SY. Deficiency of clusterin exacerbates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2089-101. [PMID: 24684302 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of clusterin in insulin resistance in high fat-fed wild-type and clusterin knockout (KO) mice. The plasma levels of glucose and C-peptide and islet size were increased in clusterin KO mice after an 8-week high-fat diet. In an ip glucose tolerance test, the area under the curve for glucose was not different, whereas the area under the curve for insulin was higher in clusterin KO mice. In a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, the clamp insulin levels were higher in clusterin KO mice after the high-fat diet. After adjusting for the clamp insulin levels, the glucose infusion rate, suppression of hepatic glucose production, and glucose uptake were lower in clusterin KO mice in the high fat-fed group. The plasma levels of clusterin and clusterin mRNA levels in the skeletal muscle and liver were increased by the high-fat diet. The mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes were lower, and the mRNA levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 1 and cytokines and protein carbonylation were higher in the skeletal muscle and liver in clusterin KO mice after the high-fat diet. Palmitate-induced gene expressions of NOX1 and cytokines were higher in the primary cultured hepatocytes of clusterin KO mice compared with the wild-type mice. Clusterin inhibited the gene expression and reactive oxygen species generation by palmitate in the hepatocytes and C2C12. AKT phosphorylation by insulin was reduced in the hepatocytes of clusterin KO mice. These results suggest that clusterin plays a protective role against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kwon
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.K., T.-j.J., J.-Y.H., Y.-W.K., J.-Y.K., S.-Y.P.), Internal Medicine (K.-C.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (J.-R.K.), and Pathology (Y.K.B.) and Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center (T.-j.J., J.-Y.H., J.-R.K., S.-Y.P.), College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-703, South Korea; Department of Anatomy (I.-S.P.), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology (B.-H.M.), College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, South Korea; and Department of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-712, South Korea
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Fétaud-Lapierre V, Pastor CM, Jorge-Costa M, Hochstrasser DF, Morel DR, Frossard JL, Lescuyer P. Time-course proteomic analysis of taurocholate-induced necrotizing acute pancreatitis. J Proteomics 2013; 85:12-27. [PMID: 23624238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, which varies greatly in course and severity. Severe forms are associated with serious local and/or systemic complications, and eventually death. The pathobiology of acute pancreatitis is complex. Animal models have been developed to investigate pathobiological processes and identify factors determining disease course. We performed a time-course proteomic analysis using a rat model of severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis induced by taurocholate perfusion in the pancreatic ducts. Results showed that levels of proteins associated to a given biological process changed in a coordinated fashion after disease onset. It was possible to follow the response of a particular pathobiological process to pancreatitis induction and to compare the course of protein pathways. Proteins involved in acinar cell secretion were found to follow a different kinetics than other cellular processes. After an initial decrease, secretory pathway-associated proteins raised again at 18 h post-induction. This phenomenon coincided with a burst in the expression of pancreatitis-associated protein (REG3A), an acute phase protein produced by the exocrine pancreas, and with the decrease of classical markers of pancreatic injury, suggesting that the expression of proteins associated to the secretory pathway may be a modulating factor of pancreas injury. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a complex inflammatory disease, the pathobiology of which is not yet fully understood. Various animal models, relying on different mechanisms of disease induction, have been developed in order to investigate pathobiological processes of AP. In this study, we performed a time-course proteomic analysis to investigate changes of the pancreas proteome occurring in an experimental model of AP induced by perfusion of taurocholate, a bile acid, into the pancreatic duct. This experimental model is characterized by a severe disease with pancreatic necrosis and systemic inflammation. The objectives of this study were to determine the kinetics of functionally related proteins in the early steps of the experimental disease in order to identify protein pathways playing key roles in AP pathobiology and to correlate these data with parameters classically used to assess disease severity. The present work provides for the first time an overview of protein expression in the pancreas during the course of taurocholate-induced necrotizing AP. We believe that correlation of these results with data obtained using proteomic or biochemical approaches in various experimental models of AP will help in highlighting new features, generating hypotheses and constitute therefore a strong and reliable basis for further targeted investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fétaud-Lapierre
- Biomedical Proteomics Research Group, Department of Human Protein Science, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Choi JH, Lim KH, Park E, Kim JY, Choi YK, Baek KH. Glutamate-ammonia ligase and reduction of G0 population in PANC-1 cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 114:303-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Charnay Y, Imhof A, Vallet PG, Kovari E, Bouras C, Giannakopoulos P. Clusterin in neurological disorders: Molecular perspectives and clinical relevance. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:434-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Clusterin, also known as apolipoprotein J, is a ubiquitous multifunctional glycoprotein. Following its identification in 1983, clusterin was found to be clearly increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Later research demonstrated that clusterin could bind amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides and prevent fibril formation, a hallmark of AD pathology. In addition to preventing excessive inflammation, intracellular clusterin was found to reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress. Although early studies were inconclusive, two recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) independently identified variants within the clusterin gene as risk factors for developing AD. This review focuses on the characteristics of clusterin and possible mechanisms of its relationship to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Chen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Interaction of clusterin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its implication for epithelial homeostasis and inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2028-39. [PMID: 22440257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled increases of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity have been causally linked to epithelial barrier disruption and severe symptoms of inflammatory diseases such as dry eye (DE). The data presented here show that the anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective intracellular and extracellular chaperone protein clusterin (CLU) interacts with MMP-9 both inside and outside epithelial cells. CLU bound very strongly to active MMP-9, with an affinity constant K(D) of 2.63 nmol/L. Unexpectedly, CLU had a much higher affinity for pro-MMP-9 than for active MMP-9 or pro-MMP-2, requiring the N-terminal propeptide domain of pro-MMP-9. The significance of the interaction between CLU and MMP-9 was demonstrated by the observation that CLU prevents stress-induced MMP-9 aggregation and inhibits MMP-9 enzymatic activity. Furthermore, CLU inhibited MMP-9-mediated disintegration of the tight junction structure formed between human epithelial cells. Additionally, CLU inhibited enzymatic activities of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-7. Treatment with proinflammatory cytokines, which are known to increase MMP-9 transcription under inflammatory conditions, reduced the expression of CLU in human epithelial cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of human DE, inflammatory stress depleted CLU in the ocular surface epithelium but allowed MMP-9 to prevail therein. The present results thus provide novel insights into previously unrecognized mechanisms by which CLU maintains fluid-epithelial interface homeostasis, thereby preventing the onset of inflammatory conditions, especially where MMP-9 is actively involved.
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Fjeldbo CS, Bakke I, Erlandsen SE, Holmseth J, Lægreid A, Sandvik AK, Thommesen L, Bruland T. Gastrin upregulates the prosurvival factor secretory clusterin in adenocarcinoma cells and in oxyntic mucosa of hypergastrinemic rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G21-33. [PMID: 21995960 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00197.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We show that the gastric hormone gastrin induces the expression of the prosurvival secretory clusterin (sCLU) in rat adenocarcinoma cells. Clusterin mRNA was still upregulated in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, although at a lower level. This indicates that gastrin induces clusterin transcription independently of de novo protein synthesis but requires de novo protein synthesis of signal transduction pathway components to achieve maximal expression level. Luciferase reporter assay indicates that the AP-1 transcription factor complex is involved in gastrin-mediated activation of the clusterin promoter. Gastrin-induced clusterin expression and subsequent secretion is dependent on sustained treatment, because removal of gastrin after 1-2 h abolished the response. Neutralization of secreted clusterin by a specific antibody abolished the antiapoptotic effect of gastrin on serum starvation-induced apoptosis, suggesting that extracellular clusterin is involved in gastrin-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. The clusterin response to gastrin was validated in vivo in hypergastrinemic rats, showing increased clusterin expression in the oxyntic mucosa, as well as higher levels of clusterin in plasma. In normal rat oxyntic mucosa, clusterin protein was strongly expressed in chromogranin A-immunoreactive neuroendocrine cells, of which the main cell type was the histidine decarboxylase-immunoreactive enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. The association of clusterin with neuroendocrine differentiation was further confirmed in human gastric ECL carcinoids. Interestingly, in hypergastrinemic rats, clusterin-immunoreactive cells formed distinct groups of diverse cells at the base of many glands. Our results suggest that clusterin may contribute to gastrin's growth-promoting effect on the oxyntic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sæten Fjeldbo
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Gates D, Dollin K, Connolly R, Young I, Powell L, McEneny J, Gleave M, McGinty A. Apo J/clusterin expression and secretion: evidence for 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ(2)-dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:335-42. [PMID: 22138303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and Apo J/clusterin are involved in inflammatory resolution and have each been reported to inhibit NF-κB signalling. Using a well-validated rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell culture model of Cox-2 over-expression the current study investigated inter-dependence between Cox-2 and clusterin with respect to induction of expression and impact on NF-κB signalling. Both gene expression and immunoblot analysis confirmed that intracellular and secreted levels of clusterin were elevated in Cox-2 over-expressing cells (PCXII). Clusterin expression was increased in control (PCMT) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner by 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), but not PGE(2), and inhibited in PCXII cells by pharmacological Cox inhibition. In PCXII cells, inhibition of two transcription factors known to be activated by 15d-PGJ(2), heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ, by transcription factor oligonucleotide decoy and antagonist (GW9662) treatment, respectively, reduced clusterin expression. While PCXII cells exhibited reduced TNF-α-induced cell surface ICAM-1 expression, IkB phosphorylation and degradation were similar to control cells. With respect to the impact of Cox-2-dependent clusterin upregulation on NF-κB signalling, basal levels of IκB were similar in control and PCXII cells, and no evidence for a physical association between clusterin and phospho-IκB was obtained. Moreover, while PCXII cells exhibited reduced NF-κB transcriptional activity, this was not restored by clusterin knock-down. These results indicate that Cox-2 induces clusterin in a 15d-PGJ(2)-dependent manner, and via activation of HSF-1 and PPARγ. However, the results do not support a model whereby Cox-2/15d-PGJ(2)-dependent inhibition of NF-κB signalling involves clusterin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Gates
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Pathology Building, RVH, Grosvenor Road, BT12 6BJ, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Chen Q, Wang Z, Zhang K, Liu X, Cao W, Zhang L, Zhang S, Yan B, Wang Y, Xia C. Clusterin confers gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:59. [PMID: 21609464 PMCID: PMC3120680 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To measure clusterin expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines and to evaluate whether clusterin confers resistance to gmcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry for clusterin was performed on 50 primary pancreatic cancer tissues and 25 matched backgrounds, and clusterin expression in 5 pancreatic cancer cell lines was quantified by Western blot and PT-PCR. The correlation between clusterin expression level and gmcitabine IC50 in pancreatic cancer cell lines was evaluated. The effect of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against clusterin(OGX-011) on gmcitabine resistance was evaluated by MTT assays. Xenograft model was used to demonstrate tumor growth. Results Pancreatic cancer tissues expressed significantly higher levels of clusterin than did normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.01). Clusterin expression levels were correlated with gmcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and OGX-011 significantly decreased BxPc-3 cells resistance to gmcitabine (P < 0.01). In vivo systemic administration of AS clusterin and gmcitabine significantly decreased the s.c. BxPC-3 tumor volume compared with mismatch control ODN plus gmcitabine. Conclusion Our finding that clusterin expression was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer than in normal pancreatic tissues suggests that clusterin may confer gmcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, QingDao University, RP China
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Luckenbach JA, Dickey JT, Swanson P. Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation of ovarian transcripts for steroidogenesis-related proteins and cell survival, growth and differentiation factors in vitro during early secondary oocyte growth in coho salmon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 171:52-63. [PMID: 21187099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) function during oocyte growth in fishes. The goal of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of FSH action on ovarian follicles during early secondary oocyte growth by examining changes in ovarian gene expression and steroidogenesis in response to FSH. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) mid to late cortical alveolus stage follicles were incubated with or without salmon FSH in time-course and concentration-response experiments. Steroid levels were determined in the culture medium by immunoassay and levels of target ovarian mRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Medium estradiol-17β (E2) levels increased in response to FSH and plateaued by 36h, while testosterone levels increased similarly but were lower and more variable than E2. Gonadotropin receptor transcripts were differentially regulated, with fshr and lhcgr being down- and up- regulated, respectively. Transcripts encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis, such as star and hsd3b were significantly upregulated by FSH, whereas aromatase (cyp19a1a) mRNA was unaffected by FSH and declined over time in culture. A recently identified teleost gene, bmp16, was suppressed by FSH and an anti-apoptotic factor, clusterin 1 (clu1), was upregulated by FSH. Lesser FSH effects were observed on igf2, cyp11a1 and cyp17a1, which were stimulated, and igf1ra, inhbb, amh and apoe, which were suppressed. As evident by the significant increases in steroid production and transcripts for specific steroidogenesis-related proteins, FSH influences steroidogenesis during early secondary growth and may be a critical signal for puberty onset. Effects of FSH on ovarian anti-apoptotic and growth factor genes suggest roles for FSH in cell survival, growth and differentiation in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adam Luckenbach
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
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Lee S, Hong SW, Min BH, Shim YJ, Lee KU, Lee IK, Bendayan M, Aronow BJ, Park IS. Essential role of clusterin in pancreas regeneration. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:605-15. [PMID: 21290478 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous observations that clusterin induction accompanies pancreas regeneration in the rat, we sought to determine if regeneration might be impaired in mice that lacked clusterin. We studied the impact of absent clusterin on morphogenic and functional features of regenerating pancreas. Clusterin induction was accompanied in the regenerating pancreas by a robust development of new lobules with ductules, acini, and endocrine islets in wild type after partial pancreatectomy. In clusterin knock-out mice, however, pancreatectomy resulted in a poor formation of regenerating lobule. In particular, regeneration of beta-cells was also significantly reduced and was associated with persistent hyperglycemia. Duct cells obtained from pancreatectomized clusterin knock-out mice exhibited impaired beta-cell formation in vitro; this was restored by administration of exogenous clusterin. We suggest that clusterin plays a critical role to promote both exocrine and endocrine regeneration following pancreas injury, as well as for in vitro beta-cell regeneration.
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Fetaud-Lapierre V, Pastor CM, Farina A, Hochstrasser DF, Frossard JL, Lescuyer P. Proteomic analysis of heat shock-induced protection in acute pancreatitis. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5929-42. [PMID: 20815342 DOI: 10.1021/pr100695d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, which can result in serious morbidity or death. Acute pancreatitis severity can be reduced in experimental models by preconditioning animals with a short hyperthermia prior to disease induction. Heat shock proteins 27 and 70 are key effectors of this protective effect. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis using a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and isobaric tagging to investigate changes in pancreatic proteins expression that were associated with thermal stress, both in healthy rats and in a model of caerulein-induced pancreatitis. In agreement with previous studies, we observed modulation of heat shock and inflammatory proteins expression in response to heat stress or pancreatitis induction. We also identified numerous other proteins, whose pancreatic level changed following pancreatitis induction, when acute pancreatitis severity was reduced by prior thermal stress, or in healthy rats in response to hyperthermia. Interestingly, we showed that the expression of various proteins associated with the secretory pathway was modified in the different experimental models, suggesting that modulation of this process is involved in the protective effect against pancreatic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fetaud-Lapierre
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Danielsen M, Codrea MC, Ingvartsen KL, Friggens NC, Bendixen E, Røntved CM. Quantitative milk proteomics - Host responses to lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation of bovine mammary gland. Proteomics 2010; 10:2240-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zoubeidi A, Ettinger S, Beraldi E, Hadaschik B, Zardan A, Klomp LWJ, Nelson CC, Rennie PS, Gleave ME. Clusterin facilitates COMMD1 and I-kappaB degradation to enhance NF-kappaB activity in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:119-30. [PMID: 20068069 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is a stress-activated, cytoprotective chaperone that confers broad-spectrum cancer treatment resistance, and its targeted inhibitor (OGX-011) is currently in phase II trials for prostate, lung, and breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sCLU inhibits treatment-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer remain incompletely defined. We report that sCLU increases NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by serving as a ubiquitin-binding protein that enhances COMMD1 and I-kappaB proteasomal degradation by interacting with members of the SCF-betaTrCP E3 ligase family. Knockdown of sCLU in prostate cancer cells stabilizes COMMD1 and I-kappaB, thereby sequestrating NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm and decreasing NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Comparative microarray profiling of sCLU-overexpressing and sCLU-knockdown prostate cancer cells confirmed that the expression of many NF-kappaB-regulated genes positively correlates with sCLU levels. We propose that elevated levels of sCLU promote prostate cancer cell survival by facilitating degradation of COMMD1 and I-kappaB, thereby activating the canonical NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Chapter 9: Oxidative stress in malignant progression: The role of Clusterin, a sensitive cellular biosensor of free radicals. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 104:171-210. [PMID: 19878777 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)04009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J (CLU) gene is expressed in most human tissues and encodes for two protein isoforms; a conventional heterodimeric secreted glycoprotein and a truncated nuclear form. CLU has been functionally implicated in several physiological processes as well as in many pathological conditions including ageing, diabetes, atherosclerosis, degenerative diseases, and tumorigenesis. A major link of all these, otherwise unrelated, diseases is that they are characterized by increased oxidative injury due to impaired balance between production and disposal of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Besides the aforementioned diseases, CLU gene is differentially regulated by a wide variety of stimuli which may also promote the production of reactive species including cytokines, interleukins, growth factors, heat shock, radiation, oxidants, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Although at low concentration reactive species may contribute to normal cell signaling and homeostasis, at increased amounts they promote genomic instability, chronic inflammation, lipid oxidation, and amorphous aggregation of target proteins predisposing thus cells for carcinogenesis or other age-related disorders. CLU seems to intervene to these processes due to its small heat-shock protein-like chaperone activity being demonstrated by its property to inhibit protein aggregation and precipitation, a main feature of oxidant injury. The combined presence of many potential regulatory elements in the CLU gene promoter, including a Heat-Shock Transcription Factor-1 and an Activator Protein-1 element, indicates that CLU gene is an extremely sensitive cellular biosensor of even minute alterations in the cellular oxidative load. This review focuses on CLU regulation by oxidative injury that is the common molecular link of most, if not all, pathological conditions where CLU has been functionally implicated.
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Chapter 8: Clusterin: A multifacet protein at the crossroad of inflammation and autoimmunity. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 104:139-70. [PMID: 19878776 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)04008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For years, clusterin has been recognized as a secreted protein and a large number of works demonstrated that this ubiquitously expressed protein has multiple activities. Among the described activities several were related to inflammation and immunity such as its regulatory activity on complement. Then it became clear that a nuclear form of the protein with proapoptotic property existed and more recently that a cytoplasmic form could regulate NF-kappaB pathway. Again, these activities have a strong repercussion in inflammation and immunity. On the other hand, data available on the exact role of CLU in these processes and autoimmunity were quite scarce until recently. Indeed, in the last few years, a differential CLU expression in subtype of T cells, the regulation of CLU expression by proinflammatory cytokines and molecules, the regulation of expression and function of CLU depending on its subcellular localization, the interaction of CLU with nuclear and intracellular proteins were all reported. Adding these new roles of CLU to the already reported functions of this protein allows a better understanding of its role and potential involvement in several inflammatory and immunological processes and, in particular, autoimmunity. In this sense, rheumatoid arthritis appears to be a very attractive disease to build a new paradigm of the role and function of CLU because it makes the link between proliferation, inflammation, and autoimmunity. We will try to see in this review how to bring altogether the old and new knowledge on CLU with inflammation and autoimmunity. Nevertheless, it is clear that CLU has not yet revealed all its secrets in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Sala A, Bettuzzi S, Pucci S, Chayka O, Dews M, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Regulation of CLU gene expression by oncogenes and epigenetic factors implications for tumorigenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 105:115-32. [PMID: 19879426 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)05007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In no other field has the function of clusterin (CLU) been more controversial than in cancer genetics. After more than 20 years of research, there is still uncertainty with regard to the role of CLU in human cancers. Some investigators believe CLU to be an oncogene, others-an inhibitor of tumorigenesis. However, owing to the recent efforts of several laboratories, the role of CLU in important cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and transformation is beginning to emerge. The "enigmatic" CLU is becoming less so. In this chapter, we will review the work of research teams interested in understanding how CLU is regulated by oncogenic signaling. We will discuss how and under what circumstances oncogenes and epigenetic factors modify CLU expression, with important consequences for mammalian tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sala
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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Essabbani A, Margottin-Goguet F, Chiocchia G. Identification of clusterin domain involved in NF-kappaB pathway regulation. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:4273-7. [PMID: 20028970 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c109.057133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a ubiquitous protein that has been implicated in tumorigenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell proliferation. We and others have previously shown that CLU is an inhibitor of the NF-kappaB pathway. However, the exact form of CLU and the region(s) of CLU involved in this effect were unknown. Using newly generated molecular constructs encoding for CLU and various regions of the molecule, we demonstrated that the presecretory form of CLU (psCLU) form bears the NF-kappaB regulatory activity. Sequence comparison analysis showed sequence motif identity between CLU and beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP), a main E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in IkappaB-alpha degradation. These homologies were localized in the disulfide constraint region of CLU. We generated a specific molecular construct of this region, named DeltaCLU, and showed that it has the same NF-kappaB regulatory activity as CLU. Neither the alpha-chain nor the beta-chain of CLU had any NF-kappaB regulatory activity. Furthermore, we showed that following tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation of transfected cells, we could co-immunoprecipitate phospho-IkappaB-alpha with DeltaCLU. Moreover, we showed that DeltaCLU could localize both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. These results demonstrate the identification of a new CLU activity site involved in NF-kappaB pathway regulation.
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Richardson MR, Lai X, Dixon JL, Sturek M, Witzmann FA. Diabetic dyslipidemia and exercise alter the plasma low-density lipoproteome in Yucatan pigs. Proteomics 2009; 9:2468-83. [PMID: 19402046 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a predominant role in atherogenesis, the low-density lipoproteome has not been fully characterized. Moreover, alterations from a Western diet, diabetes, and physical inactivity on this proteome have yet to be determined. Accordingly, relative quantification was determined in LDL proteins from male Yucatan diabetic dyslipidemic (DD) swine in the early stages of atherosclerosis compared to healthy control (C) and non-diabetic hyperlipidemic (H) swine. Importantly, coronary vascular dysfunction was prevented by aerobic exercise training in these animals (DDX) without altering total LDL concentration. Using 2-DE, Western blot, label-free quantitative MS, and selected reaction monitoring, alterations in the abundance of apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-III, D, E, and J and noncovalently associated proteins were determined in LDL isolated using fast protein liquid chromatography. At least 28 unique proteins, many of which were novel, were identified with high confidence. An apolipoprotein E isoform demonstrated stronger correlation to disease (percent of coronary artery segments with intimal thickening) than some traditional risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL/HDL cholesterol). Taken together, this work identifies new possible biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis, and generates new hypotheses regarding the role of LDL in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Richardson
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Shi XL, Chen K, Wang H, Long YM. Advance in acute pancreatitis apoptosis mechanisms. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:594-597. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i6.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common critical illness in clinic. Its pathogenesis is complex. Previous studies concentrated on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, microcirculation disturbance, etc. Recently, apoptosis has been found to play an important role in emergence and development of acute pancreatitis. Apoptosis is involved in tissue injury in acute pancreatitis, but is also an important self-protection mechanism. This review briefed the relation between apoptosis and acute pancreatitis, investigated the influence of apoptosis on acute pancreatitic organ damage, and analyzed the relation between apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, Notch factor, aiming at revealing the mechanism of apoptosis in acute pancreatitis.
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Poulakou MV, Paraskevas KI, Vlachos IS, Karabina SAP, Wilson MR, Iliopoulos DC, Tsitsilonis SI, Mikhailidis DP, Perrea DN. Effect of Statins on Serum Apolipoprotein J and Paraoxonase-1 Levels in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Coronary Angiography. Angiology 2008; 59:137-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319707311722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that apolipoprotein J (apo J) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) correlate with the extent and severity of ischemic heart disease (IHD). This article compares apo J and PON1 serum concentrations, PON1 activity, and the apo J/PON1 ratio in 138 IHD patients (64 statins users and 74 statin nonusers) referred for angiography and possible percutaneous coronary intervention. The effect of statin treatment on apo J and PON1 concentrations, PON1 activity, and the degree of coronary artery stenosis were evaluated. In both groups, apo J levels were increased, whereas PON1 concentration and activity decreased. IHD patients on statins had significantly lower apo J concentration and higher PON1 concentration and activity. Patients on statins had less coronary artery stenosis. High apo J levels, low PON1 levels, low PON1 activity, and a high apo J/PON1 ratio were associated with IHD. Statin treatment reverses these changes, probably by multiple beneficial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Poulakou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N. S. Christeas,' School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas I. Paraskevas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinic), Royal Free Hospital and Royal Free University College Medical School, University College London, UK, Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N. S. Christeas,' School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Vlachos
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N. S. Christeas,' School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mark R. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Dimitrios C. Iliopoulos
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N. S. Christeas,' School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, “Athens Medical Center,” Athens, Greece
| | - Serafim I. Tsitsilonis
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N. S. Christeas,' School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinic), Royal Free Hospital and Royal Free University College Medical School, University College London, UK
| | - Despina N. Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N. S. Christeas,' School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece,
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