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Sekine Y, Kikkawa K, Honda S, Sasaki Y, Kawahara S, Mizushima A, Togi S, Fujimuro M, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 facilitates insulin signaling through binding to CAP/c-Cbl and regulates adipocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5799. [PMID: 38461189 PMCID: PMC10925025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor molecule involved in several cellular signaling cascades. Here, we attempted to identify novel STAP-2 interacting molecules, and identified c-Cbl associated protein (CAP) as a binding protein through the C-terminal proline-rich region of STAP-2. Expression of STAP-2 increased the interaction between CAP and c-Cbl, suggesting that STAP-2 bridges these proteins and enhances complex formation. CAP/c-Cbl complex is known to regulate GLUT4 translocation in insulin signaling. STAP-2 overexpressed human hepatocyte Hep3B cells showed enhanced GLUT4 translocation after insulin treatment. Elevated levels of Stap2 mRNA have been observed in 3T3-L1 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) during adipocyte differentiation. The differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes was highly promoted by retroviral overexpression of STAP-2. In contrast, STAP-2 knockout (KO) MEFs exhibited suppressed adipogenesis. The increase in body weight with high-fat diet feeding was significantly decreased in STAP-2 KO mice compared to WT animals. These data suggest that the expression of STAP-2 correlates with adipogenesis. Thus, STAP-2 is a novel regulatory molecule that controls insulin signal transduction by forming a c-Cbl/STAP-2/CAP ternary complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Kazuna Kikkawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Sachie Honda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mizushima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimuro
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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Maemoto T, Sasaki Y, Okuyama F, Kitai Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Potential of targeting signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 in cancer therapeutic applications. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:251-259. [PMID: 38745775 PMCID: PMC11090684 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptor proteins play essential roles in various intracellular signaling pathways. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that possesses pleckstrin homology (PH) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, as well as a YXXQ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-binding motif in its C-terminal region. STAP-2 is also a substrate of breast tumor kinase (BRK). STAP-2/BRK expression is deregulated in breast cancers and enhances STAT3-dependent cell proliferation. In prostate cancer cells, STAP-2 interacts with and stabilizes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) after stimulation, resulting in the upregulation of EGFR signaling, which contributes to cancer-cell proliferation and tumor progression. Therefore, inhibition of the interaction between STAP-2 and BRK/EGFR may be a possible therapeutic strategy for these cancers. For this purpose, peptides that interfere with STAP-2/BRK/EGFR binding may have great potential. Indeed, the identified peptide inhibitor successfully suppressed the STAP-2/EGFR protein interaction, EGFR stabilization, and cancer-cell growth. Furthermore, the peptide inhibitor suppressed tumor formation in human prostate- and lung-cancer cell lines in a murine xenograft model. This review focuses on the inhibitory peptide as a promising candidate for the treatment of prostate and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Maemoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumiya Okuyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Departmrnt of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda T. [Understanding New Regulatory Mechanism of TCR Signal Transduction]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:497-501. [PMID: 38692923 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a unique scaffold protein that regulates several immunological signaling pathways, including LIF/LIF receptor and LPS/TLR4 signals. STAP-2 is required for Fas/FasL-dependent T cell apoptosis and SDF-1α-induced T cell migration. Conversely, STAP-2 modulates integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, suggesting that STAP-2 is essential for several negative and positive T cell functions. However, whether STAP-2 is involved in T cell-antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation is unknown. STAP-2 deficiency was recently reported to suppress TCR-mediated T cell activation by inhibiting LCK-mediated CD3ζ and ZAP-70 activation. Using STAP-2 deficient mice, it was demonstrated that STAP-2 is required for the pathogenesis of Propionibacterium acnes-induced granuloma formation and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, detailed functions of STAP-2 in TCR-mediated T cell activation, and how STAP-2 affects the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammation and immune diseases, are reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- CD3 Complex
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL12/physiology
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/physiology
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism
- Propionibacterium acnes/physiology
- Propionibacterium acnes/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Sasaki Y, Saitoh K, Kagohashi K, Ose T, Kawahara S, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Sekine Y, Ichii M, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda T. STAP-2-Derived Peptide Suppresses TCR-Mediated Signals to Initiate Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:755-766. [PMID: 37417746 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that contains pleckstrin and Src homology 2-like domains, as well as a proline-rich region in its C-terminal region. Our previous study demonstrated that STAP-2 positively regulates TCR signaling by associating with TCR-proximal CD3ζ ITAMs and the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase. In this study, we identify the STAP-2 interacting regions of CD3ζ ITAMs and show that the STAP-2-derived synthetic peptide (iSP2) directly interacts with the ITAM sequence and blocks the interactions between STAP-2 and CD3ζ ITAMs. Cell-penetrating iSP2 was delivered into human and murine T cells. iSP2 suppressed cell proliferation and TCR-induced IL-2 production. Importantly, iSP2 treatment suppressed TCR-mediated activation of naive CD4+ T cells and decreased immune responses in CD4+ T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It is likely that iSP2 is a novel immunomodulatory tool that modulates STAP-2-mediated activation of TCR signaling and represses the progression of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Kashiwakura JI, Oritani K, Matsuda T. The Functional Properties and Physiological Roles of Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-2 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory and Immune Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123079. [PMID: 36551835 PMCID: PMC9776019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor molecules play a crucial role in signal transduction in immune cells. Several adaptor molecules, such as the linker for the activation of T cells (LAT) and SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76), are essential for T cell development and activation following T cell receptor (TCR) aggregation, suggesting that adaptor molecules are good therapeutic targets for T cell-mediated immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases and allergies. Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 is a member of the STAP family of adaptor proteins. STAP-2 functions as a scaffold for various intracellular proteins, including BRK, signal transducer, and activator of transcription (STAT)3, STAT5, and myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88). In T cells, STAP-2 is involved in stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α-induced migration, integrin-dependent cell adhesion, and Fas-mediated apoptosis. We previously reported the critical function of STAP-2 in TCR-mediated T cell activation and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Here, we review how STAP-2 affects the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammation and immune diseases in order to develop novel STAP-2-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo 0068585, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (T.M.); Tel.: +81-11-676-8738 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-3243 (T.M.); Fax: +81-11-676-8666 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-4990 (T.M.)
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 2868686, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600812, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (T.M.); Tel.: +81-11-676-8738 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-3243 (T.M.); Fax: +81-11-676-8666 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-4990 (T.M.)
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Saitoh K, Kashiwakura JI, Kagohashi K, Sasaki Y, Kawahara S, Sekine Y, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Ichii M, Nakatsukasa H, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 Is a Novel Positive Regulator of TCR-Proximal Signals. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:57-68. [PMID: 35725273 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TCR ligation with an Ag presented on MHC molecules promotes T cell activation, leading to the selection, differentiation, and proliferation of T cells and cytokine production. These immunological events are optimally arranged to provide appropriate responses against a variety of pathogens. We here propose signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) as a new positive regulator of TCR signaling. STAP-2-deficient T cells showed reduced, whereas STAP-2-overexpressing T cells showed enhanced, TCR-mediated signaling and downstream IL-2 production. For the mechanisms, STAP-2 associated with TCR-proximal CD3ζ immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motifs and phosphorylated LCK, resulting in enhancement of their binding after TCR stimulation. In parallel, STAP-2 expression is required for full activation of downstream TCR signaling. Importantly, STAP-2-deficient mice exhibited slight phenotypes of CD4+ T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas STAP-2-overexpressing transgenic mice showed severe phenotypes of these diseases. Together, STAP-2 is an adaptor protein to enhance TCR signaling; therefore, manipulating STAP-2 will have an ability to improve the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases as well as the chimeric Ag receptor T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;
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Ichii M, Oritani K, Toda J, Hosen N, Matsuda T, Kanakura Y. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-1 and protein-2 in hematopoiesis and diseases. Exp Hematol 2021; 105:10-17. [PMID: 34780812 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune signals are involved in stressed hematopoiesis under myeloablation, infection, chronic inflammation, and aging. These signals also affect malignant pathogenesis, and the dysregulated immune environment which causes the resistance to treatment. On activation, various types of protein tyrosine kinases in the cytoplasm mediate the cascade, leading to the transcription of target genes in the nucleus. Adaptor molecules are commonly defined as proteins that lack enzymatic activity, DNA-binding or receptor functions and possess protein-protein or protein-lipid interaction domains. By binding to specific domains of signaling molecules, adaptor proteins adjust the signaling responses after the ligation of receptors of soluble factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors. The signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP) family regulates various intracellular signaling pathways. These proteins have a pleckstrin homology domain in the N-terminal region and an SRC-homology 2-like domain in the central region, representing typical binding structures as adapter proteins. Following the elucidation of the effects of STAPs on terminally differentiated immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, mast cells, and basophils, recent findings have indicated the critical roles of STAP-2 in B-cell progenitor cells in marrow under hematopoietic stress and STAP-1 and -2 in BCR-ABL-transduced leukemogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of STAPs in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun Toda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Matsuda T, Oritani K. STAP-2 Adaptor Protein Regulates Multiple Steps of Immune and Inflammatory Responses. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:895-901. [PMID: 34193686 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 is an adaptor molecule involved in regulation of several intracellular signaling events in immune cells. STAP-2 contains a pleckstrin homology domain at the N-terminus, an src homology domain in the central portion and a proline-rich region at the C-terminus. STAP-2 also has a YXXQ motif, which is a potential signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-binding site. STAP-2 influences the STAT3 and STAT5 activity, integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, chemokine-induced T cell migration, Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis, Toll-like receptor-mediated macrophage functions, macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophage activation, and the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor-mediated mast cell activation. This article reviews the current understanding of roles of the STAP-2 during immune and/or inflammatory responses, and discusses possible therapeutic applications of targeting STAP-2 proteins in immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare
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The role of p53 in cancer drug resistance and targeted chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8921-8946. [PMID: 27888811 PMCID: PMC5352454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been a grievous disease complicated by innumerable players aggravating its cure. Many clinical studies demonstrated the prognostic relevance of the tumor suppressor protein p53 for many human tumor types. Overexpression of mutated p53 with reduced or abolished function is often connected to resistance to standard medications, including cisplatin, alkylating agents (temozolomide), anthracyclines, (doxorubicin), antimetabolites (gemcitabine), antiestrogenes (tamoxifen) and EGFR-inhibitors (cetuximab). Such mutations in the TP53 gene are often accompanied by changes in the conformation of the p53 protein. Small molecules that restore the wild-type conformation of p53 and, consequently, rebuild its proper function have been identified. These promising agents include PRIMA-1, MIRA-1, and several derivatives of the thiosemicarbazone family. In addition to mutations in p53 itself, p53 activity may be also be impaired due to alterations in p53s regulating proteins such as MDM2. MDM2 functions as primary cellular p53 inhibitor and deregulation of the MDM2/p53-balance has serious consequences. MDM2 alterations often result in its overexpression and therefore promote inhibition of p53 activity. To deal with this problem, a judicious approach is to employ MDM2 inhibitors. Several promising MDM2 inhibitors have been described such as nutlins, benzodiazepinediones or spiro-oxindoles as well as novel compound classes such as xanthone derivatives and trisubstituted aminothiophenes. Furthermore, even naturally derived inhibitor compounds such as a-mangostin, gambogic acid and siladenoserinols have been discovered. In this review, we discuss in detail such small molecules that play a pertinent role in affecting the p53-MDM2 signaling axis and analyze their potential as cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Saitoh K, Tsuchiya T, Kashiwakura JI, Muromoto R, Kitai Y, Sekine Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 interacts with Pyk2 and enhances Pyk2 activity in T-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sekine Y, Togi S, Muromoto R, Kon S, Kitai Y, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 Protein Expression in B16F10 Melanoma Cells Positively Regulates Protein Levels of Tyrosinase, Which Determines Organs to Infiltrate in the Body. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17462-73. [PMID: 26023234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, with a highly metastatic phenotype. In this report, we show that signal transducing adaptor protein 2 (STAP-2) is involved in cell migration, proliferation, and melanogenesis as well as chemokine receptor expression and tumorigenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. This was evident in mice injected with STAP-2 shRNA (shSTAP-2)-expressing B16F10 cells, which infiltrated organs in a completely different pattern from the original cells, showing massive colonization in the liver, kidney, and neck but not in the lung. The most important finding was that STAP-2 expression determined tyrosinase protein content. STAP-2 colocalized with tyrosinase in lysosomes and protected tyrosinase from protein degradation. It is noteworthy that B16F10 cells with knocked down tyrosinase showed similar cell characteristics as shSTAP-2 cells. These results indicated that tyrosinase contributed to some cellular events beyond melanogenesis. Taken together, one possibility is that STAP-2 positively regulates the protein levels of tyrosinase, which determines tumor invasion via controlling chemokine receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan,
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Abstract
The CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) is activated by the homodimeric growth factors colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34). It plays important roles in development and in innate immunity by regulating the development of most tissue macrophages and osteoclasts, of Langerhans cells of the skin, of Paneth cells of the small intestine, and of brain microglia. It also regulates the differentiation of neural progenitor cells and controls functions of oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract. Owing to this broad tissue expression pattern, it plays a central role in neoplastic, inflammatory, and neurological diseases. In this review we summarize the evolution, structure, and regulation of expression of the CSF-1R gene. We discuss the structures of CSF-1, IL-34, and the CSF-1R and the mechanism of ligand binding to and activation of the receptor. We further describe the pathways regulating macrophage survival, proliferation, differentiation, and chemotaxis downstream from the CSF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Sekine Y, Nishida K, Yamasaki S, Muromoto R, Kon S, Kashiwakura JI, Saitoh K, Togi S, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 controls the IgE-mediated, mast cell-mediated anaphylactic responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3488-95. [PMID: 24616480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a recently identified adaptor protein that regulates immune and inflammatory responses through interactions with a variety of signaling and transcriptional molecules. In the current study, we clarified the physiological role of STAP-2 in mast cell function, a key mediator of IgE-associated allergic responses. STAP-2 is constitutively expressed in mast cells. STAP-2 deficiency in mast cells greatly enhances FcεRI-mediated signals, resulting in the increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the phospholipase C-γ isoform, calcium mobilization, and degranulation. Of importance, STAP-2-deficient mice challenged with DNP-BSA after passive sensitization with anti-DNP IgE show more severe rectal temperature decrease than do wild-type mice. STAP-2-deficient mice also show increased vascular permeability and more severe cutaneous anaphylaxis after DNP-BSA injection. These regulatory functions performed by STAP-2 indicate that there is an interaction between STAP-2 and FcεRI. In addition, our previous data indicate that STAP-2 binds to the phospholipase C-γ isoform and IκB kinase-β. Therefore, our data described in this article strongly suggest that manipulation of STAP-2 expression in mast cells may control the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and have the potential for treating patients with allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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14
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Sekine Y. [Novel adaptor protein, STAP-2 functions as a signal modulator in immune system]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:769-75. [PMID: 20519854 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) was recently identified as a novel adaptor protein and is a family of STAP adaptor protein and has a variety of functions in cellular signal transductions. Especially STAP-2 has a crucial role in immune systems by controlling cytokine signal transduction. STAP-2 functionally interacts with STAT3 through its YXXQ motif and enhances STAT3 transcriptional activation. In contrast, STAP-2 interacts with STAT5 through its PH and SH2-like domains and decreases STAT5 activity. Importantly, STAP-2 also binds to MyD88 and IKK-alpha/beta and regulates LPS/TLR4 signaling. Moreover, STAP-2 interacts with Epstein-Barr virus-derived LMP1 and modulates LMP1-mediated NF-kappaB signaling. More importantly, experiments using STAP-2 deficient mice showed that STAP-2 modulated several T-cell functions. T-cells from STAP-2 deficient mice showed enhanced integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin. Furthermore STAP-2-deficient T-cells show reduced chemotaxis toward SDF-1alpha. These accumulated evidences indicate that novel adaptor protein STAP-2 plays an important modulator role in both of innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University.
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15
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Sekine Y, Yamamoto C, Ikeda O, Muromoto R, Nanbo A, Oritani K, Yoshimura A, Matsuda T. The protein content of an adaptor protein, STAP-2 is controlled by E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:187-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stoecker K, Weigelt K, Ebert S, Karlstetter M, Walczak Y, Langmann T. Induction of STAP-1 promotes neurotoxic activation of microglia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 379:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ikeda O, Sekine Y, Muromoto R, Ohbayashi N, Yoshimura A, Matsuda T. Enhanced c-Fms/M-CSF receptor signaling and wound-healing process in bone marrow-derived macrophages of signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) deficient mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1790-3. [PMID: 18758078 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a recently identified adaptor protein as a c-Fms/M-CSF receptor-interacting protein and constitutively expressed in macrophages. In our previous study, we examined the role of STAP-2 in the c-Fms/M-CSF receptor signaling using a murine macrophage tumor cells line, Raw264.7. Overexpression of STAP-2 in Raw264.7 cells markedly suppressed M-CSF-induced activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase and Akt. In addition, Raw264.7 overexpressing STAP-2 affected cell migration in wound-healing process. These results suggest that STAP-2 deficiency influences endogenous c-Fms/M-CSF receptor signaling. Here we show that loss of STAP-2 expression in knockout mouse macrophages results in marked enhancement of the c-Fms/M-CSF receptor signaling and wound-healing process. We therefore propose that STAP-2 acts as an endogenous regulator in normal macrophages functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ikeda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 12 Nishi 6, Sapporo, Japan
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