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Loh KM, Ang LT. Building human artery and vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells, and enduring mysteries surrounding arteriovenous development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:62-75. [PMID: 37393122 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their manifold roles in health and disease, there have been intense efforts to synthetically generate blood vessels in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, there are multiple types of blood vessel, including arteries and veins, which are molecularly and functionally different. How can we specifically generate either arterial or venous endothelial cells (ECs) from hPSCs in vitro? Here, we summarize how arterial or venous ECs arise during embryonic development. VEGF and NOTCH arbitrate the bifurcation of arterial vs. venous ECs in vivo. While manipulating these two signaling pathways biases hPSC differentiation towards arterial and venous identities, efficiently generating these two subtypes of ECs has remained challenging until recently. Numerous questions remain to be fully addressed. What is the complete identity, timing and combination of extracellular signals that specify arterial vs. venous identities? How do these extracellular signals intersect with fluid flow to modulate arteriovenous fate? What is a unified definition for endothelial progenitors or angioblasts, and when do arterial vs. venous potentials segregate? How can we regulate hPSC-derived arterial and venous ECs in vitro, and generate organ-specific ECs? In turn, answers to these questions could avail the production of arterial and venous ECs from hPSCs, accelerating vascular research, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Payne S, Neal A, De Val S. Transcription factors regulating vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:28-58. [PMID: 36795082 PMCID: PMC10952167 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating the dynamic and precise patterns of gene expression required for the initial specification of endothelial cells (ECs), and during endothelial growth and differentiation. While sharing many core features, ECs can be highly heterogeneous. Differential gene expression between ECs is essential to pattern the hierarchical vascular network into arteries, veins and capillaries, to drive angiogenic growth of new vessels, and to direct specialization in response to local signals. Unlike many other cell types, ECs have no single master regulator, instead relying on differing combinations of a necessarily limited repertoire of TFs to achieve tight spatial and temporal activation and repression of gene expression. Here, we will discuss the cohort of TFs known to be involved in directing gene expression during different stages of mammalian vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with a primary focus on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Payne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alice Neal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah De Val
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
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3
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Zisis V, Anastasiadou PA, Poulopoulos A, Vahtsevanos K, Paraskevopoulos K, Andreadis D. A Preliminary Study of the Role of Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transitory Factor SOX 2 and CD147 in the Microvascularization of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e52265. [PMID: 38352102 PMCID: PMC10863931 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to detect the possible endothelial expression of embryonic-type cancer stem cells (CSC) marker SOX2 and the stemness-type CSC marker CD147 in oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs), oral leukoplakia (OL) in particular, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS This study focuses on the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of CSC protein-biomarkers SOX2 and CD147 in paraffin-embedded samples of 21 OSCCs of different grades of differentiation and 30 cases of OLs with different grades of dysplasia, compared to normal oral mucosa. RESULTS The protein biomarker SOX2 was expressed in the endothelial cells, but without establishing any statistically significant correlation among OSCC, OL, and normal tissue specimens. However, SOX endothelial staining was noticed in 7/30 (23.3%) cases of OL (one non-dysplastic, one mildly dysplastic, one moderately dysplastic, and four severely dysplastic cases) and 5/21 (23.8%) cases of OSCC (two well-differentiated, one moderately differentiated, and two poorly differentiated cases). Although CD147 is expressed in normal oral epithelium, OL, and OSCC neoplastic cells, its vascular-endothelial expression was noticed in only 2/5 (40%) cases of normal oral epithelium, 1/30 (3.3%) cases of OL (one severely dysplastic case), and 4/21 (19%) cases of OSCC (two well-differentiated, one moderately differentiated, and one poorly differentiated case). Therefore, no statistically significant correlation among OSCC, OL, and normal tissue specimens was established. CONCLUSION The endothelial presence of SOX2 both in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions suggests that SOX2 may be implicated in the microvascularization process and associated with the degree of dysplasia in OL. The expression of CD147 may be attributed both to local inflammation and tumorigenesis. The implementation of CD147 in larger groups of tissue samples will shed some light on its role in cancer and inflammation. The evidence so far supports the need for more studies, which may support the clinical significance of these novel cancer stem cell biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Zisis
- Oral Medicine and Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Vahtsevanos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- Oral Medicine and Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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4
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Simmons Beck R, Liang OD, Klinger JR. Light at the ENDothelium-role of Sox17 and Runx1 in endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1274033. [PMID: 38028440 PMCID: PMC10656768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1274033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by an obliterative vasculopathy of the distal pulmonary circulation. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology, currently approved medical therapies for PAH act primarily as pulmonary vasodilators and fail to address the underlying processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease. Endothelial dysregulation in response to stress, injury or physiologic stimuli followed by perivascular infiltration of immune cells plays a prominent role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH. Over the last few decades, our understanding of endothelial cell dysregulation has evolved and brought to light a number of transcription factors that play important roles in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we examine two such factors, SOX17 and one of its downstream targets, RUNX1 and the emerging data that implicate their roles in the pathogenesis of PAH. We review their discovery and discuss their function in angiogenesis and lung vascular development including their roles in endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and their ability to drive progenitor stem cells toward an endothelial or myeloid fate. We also summarize the data from studies that link mutations in Sox17 with an increased risk of developing PAH and studies that implicate Sox17 and Runx1 in the pathogenesis of PAH. Finally, we review the results of recent studies from our lab demonstrating the efficacy of preventing and reversing pulmonary hypertension in animal models of PAH by deleting RUNX1 expression in endothelial or myeloid cells or by the use of RUNX1 inhibitors. By investigating PAH through the lens of SOX17 and RUNX1 we hope to shed light on the role of these transcription factors in vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysregulation, their contribution to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simmons Beck
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Olin D. Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - James R. Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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5
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Gallego-Zazo N, Miranda-Alcaraz L, Cruz-Utrilla A, del Cerro Marín MJ, Álvarez-Fuente M, del Mar Rodríguez Vázquez del Rey M, Guillén Rodríguez I, Becerra-Munoz VM, Moya-Bonora A, Ochoa Parra N, Parra A, Pascual P, Cazalla M, Silván C, Arias P, Valverde D, de Jesús-Pérez V, Lapunzina P, Escribano-Subías P, Tenorio-Castano J. Seven Additional Patients with SOX17 Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1965. [PMID: 37895315 PMCID: PMC10606077 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an infrequent disorder characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. It may lead to premature death or the requirement for lung and/or heart transplantation. Genetics plays an important and increasing role in the diagnosis of PAH. Here, we report seven additional patients with variants in SOX17 and a review of sixty previously described patients in the literature. Patients described in this study suffered with additional conditions including large septal defects, as described by other groups. Collectively, sixty-seven PAH patients have been reported so far with variants in SOX17, including missense and loss-of-function (LoF) variants. The majority of the loss-of-function variants found in SOX17 were detected in the last exon of the gene. Meanwhile, most missense variants were located within exon one, suggesting a probable tolerated change at the amino terminal part of the protein. In addition, we reported two idiopathic PAH patients presenting with the same variant previously detected in five patients by other studies, suggesting a possible hot spot. Research conducted on PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) indicated that variants in SOX17 might be particularly prevalent in this subgroup, as two out of our seven additional patients presented with CHD. Further research is still necessary to clarify the precise association between the biological pathway of SOX17 and the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gallego-Zazo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Lucía Miranda-Alcaraz
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Cruz-Utrilla
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jesús del Cerro Marín
- Unidad de Hipertensión Pulmonar Pediátrica, Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.d.C.M.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | - María Álvarez-Fuente
- Unidad de Hipertensión Pulmonar Pediátrica, Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.d.C.M.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | | | | | - Victor Manuel Becerra-Munoz
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Área del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Amparo Moya-Bonora
- Unidad de Cardiología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nuria Ochoa Parra
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Parra
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Pascual
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Mario Cazalla
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Cristina Silván
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pedro Arias
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Diana Valverde
- Centro de Investigación en Nonomateriais e Biomedicina (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Vinicio de Jesús-Pérez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pilar Escribano-Subías
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
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6
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Chiang IKN, Humphrey D, Mills RJ, Kaltzis P, Pachauri S, Graus M, Saha D, Wu Z, Young P, Sim CB, Davidson T, Hernandez‐Garcia A, Shaw CA, Renwick A, Scott DA, Porrello ER, Wong ES, Hudson JE, Red‐Horse K, del Monte‐Nieto G, Francois M. Sox7-positive endothelial progenitors establish coronary arteries and govern ventricular compaction. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55043. [PMID: 37551717 PMCID: PMC10561369 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac endothelium influences ventricular chamber development by coordinating trabeculation and compaction. However, the endothelial-specific molecular mechanisms mediating this coordination are not fully understood. Here, we identify the Sox7 transcription factor as a critical cue instructing cardiac endothelium identity during ventricular chamber development. Endothelial-specific loss of Sox7 function in mice results in cardiac ventricular defects similar to non-compaction cardiomyopathy, with a change in the proportions of trabecular and compact cardiomyocytes in the mutant hearts. This phenotype is paralleled by abnormal coronary artery formation. Loss of Sox7 function disrupts the transcriptional regulation of the Notch pathway and connexins 37 and 40, which govern coronary arterial specification. Upon Sox7 endothelial-specific deletion, single-nuclei transcriptomics analysis identifies the depletion of a subset of Sox9/Gpc3-positive endocardial progenitor cells and an increase in erythro-myeloid cell lineages. Fate mapping analysis reveals that a subset of Sox7-null endothelial cells transdifferentiate into hematopoietic but not cardiomyocyte lineages. Our findings determine that Sox7 maintains cardiac endothelial cell identity, which is crucial to the cellular cross-talk that drives ventricular compaction and coronary artery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy KN Chiang
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - David Humphrey
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Peter Kaltzis
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Shikha Pachauri
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew Graus
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Diptarka Saha
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Zhijian Wu
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Paul Young
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Choon Boon Sim
- The Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Tara Davidson
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Alexander Renwick
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- The Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative MedicineThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Emily S Wong
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | | | | | - Mathias Francois
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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7
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McCracken IR, Baker AH, Smart N, De Val S. Transcriptional regulators of arterial and venous identity in the developing mammalian embryo. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 35:None. [PMID: 38328689 PMCID: PMC10844100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The complex and hierarchical vascular network of arteries, veins, and capillaries features considerable endothelial heterogeneity, yet the regulatory pathways directing arteriovenous specification, differentiation, and identity are still not fully understood. Recent advances in analysis of endothelial-specific gene-regulatory elements, single-cell RNA sequencing, and cell lineage tracing have both emphasized the importance of transcriptional regulation in this process and shed considerable light on the mechanism and regulation of specification within the endothelium. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how endothelial cells acquire arterial and venous identity and the role different transcription factors play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McCracken
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Val
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, United Kingdom
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8
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Ishida H, Maeda J, Uchida K, Yamagishi H. Unique Pulmonary Hypertensive Vascular Diseases Associated with Heart and Lung Developmental Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:333. [PMID: 37623346 PMCID: PMC10455332 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) shares features and mechanisms with adult PH, there are also some significant differences between the two conditions. Segmental PH is a unique pediatric subtype of PH with unclear and/or multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms, and is often associated with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, and aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Some cases of complex CHD, associated with a single ventricle after Fontan operation, show pathological changes in the small peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary vascular resistance similar to those observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This condition is termed as the pediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease (PPHVD). Recent advances in genetics have identified the genes responsible for PAH associated with developmental defects of the heart and lungs, such as TBX4 and SOX17. Targeted therapies for PAH have been developed; however, their effects on PH associated with developmental heart and lung defects remain to be established. Real-world data analyses on the anatomy, pathophysiology, genetics, and molecular biology of unique PPHVD cases associated with developmental defects of the heart and lungs, using nationwide and/or international registries, should be conducted in order to improve the treatments and prognosis of patients with these types of pediatric PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Jun Maeda
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu 183-8561, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan;
- Keio University Health Center, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan;
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9
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Luo YY, Jie HY, Huang KJ, Cai B, Zhou X, Liang MY, Zhou CQ, Mai QY. The dynamic expression of SOX17 in germ cells from human female foetus and adult ovaries after specification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124143. [PMID: 37576970 PMCID: PMC10422046 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SOX17 has been identified as a critical factor in specification of human primordial germ cells, but whether SOX17 regulates development of germ cells after sex differentiation is poorly understood. Methods We collected specimens of gonadal ridge from an embryo (n=1), and ovaries of foetuses (n=23) and adults (n=3). Germ cells were labelled with SOX17, VASA (classic germ cells marker), phosphohistone H3 (PHH3, mitosis marker) and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3, meiosis marker). Results SOX17 was detected in both cytoplasm and nucleus of oogonia and oocytes of primordial and primary follicles from 15 to 28 gestational weeks (GW). However, it was exclusively expressed in cytoplasm of oogonia at 7 GW, and in nucleus of oocytes in secondary follicles. Co-expression rates of SOX17 in VASA+ germ cells ranged from 81.29% to 97.81% in foetuses. Co-staining rates of SOX17 and PHH3 or SCP3 were 0%-34% and 0%-57%, respectively. Interestingly, we distinguished a subpopulation of SOX17+VASA- germ cells in fetal ovaries. These cells clustered in the cortex and could be co-stained with the mitosis marker PHH3 but not the meiosis marker SCP3. Conclusions The dynamic expression of SOX17 was detected in human female germ cells. We discovered a population of SOX17+ VASA- germ cells clustering at the cortex of ovaries. We could not find a relationship between mitosis or meiosis and SOX17 or VASA staining in germ cells. Our findings provide insight into the potential role of SOX17 involving germ cells maturation after specification, although the mechanism is unclear and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Hui-Ying Jie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jun Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yi Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can-Quan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yun Mai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Rodak O, Mrozowska M, Rusak A, Gomułkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Olbromski M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Ugorski M, Dzięgiel P. Targeting SOX18 Transcription Factor Activity by Small-Molecule Inhibitor Sm4 in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11316. [PMID: 37511076 PMCID: PMC10379584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX18 has been shown to play a crucial role in lung cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Sm4, a SOX18 inhibitor, on cell cycle regulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines LXF-289 and SK-MES-1, as well as normal human lung fibroblast cell line IMR-90. Our results demonstrated that Sm4 treatment induced cytotoxic effects on all three cell lines, with a greater effect observed in NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells. Sm4 treatment led to S-phase cell accumulation and upregulation of p21, a key regulator of the S-to-G2/M phase transition. While no significant changes in SOX7 or SOX17 protein expression were observed, Sm4 treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of SOX17 gene expression. Furthermore, our findings suggest a complex interplay between SOX18 and p21 in the context of lung cancer, with a positive correlation observed between SOX18 expression and p21 nuclear presence in clinical tissue samples obtained from lung cancer patients. These results suggest that Sm4 has the potential to disrupt the cell cycle and target cancer cell growth by modulating SOX18 activity and p21 expression. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the relationship between SOX18 and p21 in lung cancer and to explore the therapeutic potential of SOX18 inhibition in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rodak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Jung HS, Suknuntha K, Kim YH, Liu P, Dettle ST, Sedzro DM, Smith PR, Thomson JA, Ong IM, Slukvin II. SOX18-enforced expression diverts hemogenic endothelium-derived progenitors from T towards NK lymphoid pathways. iScience 2023; 26:106621. [PMID: 37250328 PMCID: PMC10214392 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelium (HE) is the main source of blood cells in the embryo. To improve blood manufacturing from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), it is essential to define the molecular determinants that enhance HE specification and promote development of the desired blood lineage from HE. Here, using SOX18-inducible hPSCs, we revealed that SOX18 forced expression at the mesodermal stage, in contrast to its homolog SOX17, has minimal effects on arterial specification of HE, expression of HOXA genes and lymphoid differentiation. However, forced expression of SOX18 in HE during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) greatly increases NK versus T cell lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitors (HPs) arising from HE predominantly expanding CD34+CD43+CD235a/CD41a-CD45- multipotent HPs and altering the expression of genes related to T cell and Toll-like receptor signaling. These studies improve our understanding of lymphoid cell specification during EHT and provide a new tool for enhancing NK cell production from hPSCs for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel T. Dettle
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Divine Mensah Sedzro
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Portia R. Smith
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A. Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Igor I. Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
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12
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Zhang H, Yamaguchi T, Kawabata K. The maturation of iPS cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells by inducible-SOX18 expression. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36732767 PMCID: PMC9893670 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) play a major role in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and are critical for establishing an in vitro BBB model. Currently, iPSC-derived BMECs (iBMECs) have been used to construct in vitro BBB models with physiological barrier functions, such as high trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and expression of transporter proteins. However, the relatively low p-glycoprotein (P-gp) level and a decrease in the efflux ratio of its substrates in iBMECs suggest their immature nature. Therefore, more mature iBMECs by optimizing the differentiation induction protocol is beneficial for establishing a more reliable in vitro BBB model for studying central nervous system (CNS) drug transport. METHODS To identify human brain endothelial cell fate-inducing factors, HUVEC was transfected with Zic3A-, Zic3B-, and Sox18-expressing lentivirus vector. Since SOX18 was found to induce BMEC properties, we used a Dox-inducible Tet-on system to express SOX18 during iBMEC differentiation and explored the impact of SOX18 expression on iBMEC maturation. RESULTS Sox18-mediated iBMECs achieved a higher TEER value than normal iBMECs (> 3000 Ω cm2). From day 6 to day 10 (d6-10 group), the iBMECs with SOX18 expression expressed a series of tight junction markers and showed upregulation of Mfsd2a, a specific marker of the BBB. The d6-10 group also expressed SLC2A1/Glut1 at levels as high as normal iBMECs, and upregulated ABCB1/P-gp and ABCC1/MRP1 expression. Moreover, Sox18-mediated iBMECs showed higher viability than normal iBMECs after puromycin treatment, indicating that SOX18 expression could upregulate P-gp activity in iBMECs. CONCLUSIONS Inducible SOX18 expression in iBMECs gained BBB phenotypes, including high TEER values and upregulation of tight junction-related genes, endothelial cell (EC) markers, BBB transporters, and higher cell viability after treatment with puromycin. Collectively, we provide a differentiation method for the maturation of human iPS cell-derived BMECs with SOX18 expression, describing its contribution to form an in vitro BBB model for CNS drug transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi 7-6-8, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- grid.482562.fLaboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi 7-6-8, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi 7-6-8, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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13
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Zhang X, Yao J, Niu N, Li X, Liu Y, Huo L, Euscher ED, Wang H, Bell D, Sood AK, Wang G, Lawson BC, Ramalingam P, Malpica A, Sahin AA, Ding Q, Liu J. SOX17: A Highly Sensitive and Specific Immunomarker for Ovarian and Endometrial Carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100001. [PMID: 36853778 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PAX8 is the most commonly used immunomarker to link a carcinoma to the gynecologic tract; however, it lacks specificity. Through mining The Cancer Genome Atlas mRNA expression profile data, we identified SOX17 as a potential specific marker at the mRNA level for gynecologic tumors. To evaluate the utility of this marker in the identification of the gynecologic origin of a given carcinoma, we performed immunochemical staining in a large cohort of ovarian and endometrial cancer cases (n = 416), together with a large cohort of solid tumors from other organs (n = 1544) in tissue microarrays. Similar to PAX8, SOX17 was highly expressed in different subtypes of ovarian carcinoma (97.5% for SOX17 vs 97% for PAX8 in serous carcinoma, 90% vs 90% in endometrioid carcinoma, and 100% vs 100% in clear cell carcinoma), except for mucinous carcinoma (0% vs 27%), and was also highly expressed in different subtypes of endometrial carcinoma (88% vs 84% in endometrioid carcinoma, 100% vs 100% in serous and clear cell carcinoma). SOX17 was not expressed in thyroid and renal cell carcinomas, whereas PAX8 expression was high (86% and 85%, respectively). In addition, SOX17 was expressed at low levels in cervical adenocarcinoma (20%) and had no expression in cervical squamous carcinoma, mesothelioma, and carcinomas from the breast, lung, pancreas, colon, stomach, liver, bladder, and salivary gland. Our data indicate that SOX17 is not only a sensitive but also a specific marker for the origin of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth D Euscher
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barrett C Lawson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Preetha Ramalingam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anais Malpica
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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14
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Kim D, Grath A, Lu YW, Chung K, Winkelman M, Schwarz JJ, Dai G. Sox17 mediates adult arterial endothelial cell adaptation to hemodynamics. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121946. [PMID: 36512862 PMCID: PMC9868097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sox17 is a critical regulator of arterial identity during early embryonic vascular development. However, its role in adult endothelial cells (ECs) are not fully understood. Sox17 is highly expressed in arterial ECs but not in venous ECs throughout embryonic development to adulthood suggesting that it may play a functional role in adult arteries. Here, we investigated Sox17 mediated phenotypical changes in adult ECs. To precisely control the temporal expression level of Sox17, we designed a tetracycline-inducible lentiviral gene expression system to express Sox17 selectively in cultured venous ECs. We confirmed that Sox17-induced ECs exhibit a gene profile favoring arterial and tip cell identity. Furthermore, in comparison to control ECs, Sox17-activated ECs under shear leads to greater expression of arterial markers and suppression of venous identity. These data suggest that Sox17 enables greater hemodynamic adaptability of ECs in response to fluid shear stress. Here, we also demonstrate key morphogenic behaviors of Sox17-mediated ECs. In both vasculogenic and angiogenic 3D fibrin gel studies, Sox17-mediated ECs prefer to form cohesive vessels with one another while interfering the vessel formation of the control ECs. Sox17-mediated ECs elicit hyper-sprouting behavior in the presence of pericytes but not fibroblasts, suggesting Sox17 mediated sprouting frequency is dependent on supporting cell type. Using a microfluidic chip, we also show that Sox17-mediated ECs maintain thinner diameter vessels that do not widen under interstitial flow like the control ECs. Taken together, these data showed that Sox17 mediated EC gene expression and phenotypical changes are highly modulated in the context of biomechanical stimuli, suggesting Sox17 plays a role in regulating the arterial ECs adaptability under arterial hemodynamics as well as tip cells behavior during angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The results from this study may be valuable in improving vein graft adaptation to arterial hemodynamics and bioengineering microvasculature for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Grath
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston's Children Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karl Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Max Winkelman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John J Schwarz
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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15
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Loss-of-function mutations of SOX17 lead to YAP/TEAD activation-dependent malignant transformation in endometrial cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:322-334. [PMID: 36446891 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hyperactivation of the Hippo pathway effector YAP/TEAD complex causes tissue overgrowth and tumorigenesis in various cancers, including endometrial cancer (EC). The transcription factor SOX17 (SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box 17) is frequently mutated in EC; however, SOX17 mutations are rare in other cancer types. The molecular mechanisms underlying SOX17 mutation-induced EC tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SOX17 serves as a tumor suppressor to restrict the proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of EC cells, partly by suppressing the transcriptional outputs of the Hippo-YAP/TEAD pathway. SOX17 binds to TEAD transcription factors through its HMG domain and attenuates the DNA-binding ability of TEAD. SOX17 loss by inactivating mutations leads to the malignant transformation of EC cells, which can be reversed by small-molecule inhibitors of YAP/TEAD or cabozantinib, an FDA-approved drug targeting the YAP/TEAD transcriptional target AXL. Our findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms underlying Hippo-YAP/TEAD pathway-driven EC tumorigenesis, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting the Hippo-YAP/TEAD pathway in SOX17-mutated EC.
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16
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Shaker N, Chen W, Sinclair W, Parwani AV, Li Z. Identifying SOX17 as a Sensitive and Specific Marker for Ovarian and Endometrial Carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100038. [PMID: 36788073 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Similar to PAX8, SOX17 was recently identified as a master transcription factor of ovarian cancer based on RNA sequencing data. We explored SOX17 utility in diagnosing ovarian tumors and other gynecologic tumors. We systematically evaluated SOX17 expression on tissue microarrays of 398 ovarian tumors of various types, 93 endometrial carcinomas, 80 cervical carcinomas, and 1371 nongynecologic carcinomas, such as those of kidney, thyroid, breast, colon, bladder, liver, bile duct, adrenal gland, pancreas, brain, and lung and malignant melanoma. In addition, we evaluated SOX17 expression in whole tissue sections from 60 gynecologic carcinomas and 10 angiosarcomas. The results demonstrated that SOX17 was highly expressed in most ovarian and endometrial tumors with strong intensity. However, unlike PAX8, it was predominately negative in other tested tumor types, including kidney and thyroid tumors. In particular, SOX17 was highly expressed in the following pathologic subtypes of ovarian tumors: serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and germ cell tumors. SOX17 was mostly negative in mucinous carcinoma and sex cord stromal tumors. In addition, SOX17 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells and was positive in all tested angiosarcomas. In summary, our results demonstrate that SOX17 is a sensitive and specific marker for ovarian nonmucinous carcinomas and endometrial carcinomas. For ovarian germ cell tumors and angiosarcomas, SOX17 demonstrates higher specificity than PAX8, with comparable sensitivity. Furthermore, SOX17 positivity in endothelial cells serves as an internal positive control, making it an excellent marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William Sinclair
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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17
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Montani D, Lechartier B, Girerd B, Eyries M, Ghigna MR, Savale L, Jaïs X, Seferian A, Jevnikar M, Boucly A, Riou M, Traclet J, Chaouat A, Levy M, Le Pavec J, Fadel E, Perros F, Soubrier F, Remy-Jardin M, Sitbon O, Bonnet D, Humbert M. An emerging phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients carrying SOX17 variants. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200656. [PMID: 35618278 PMCID: PMC10436756 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00656-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients carrying SOX17 pathogenic variants remains mostly unknown. METHODS We report the genetic analysis findings, characteristics and outcomes of patients with heritable PAH carrying SOX17 variants from the French Pulmonary Hypertension Network. RESULTS 20 patients and eight unaffected relatives were identified. The median (range) age at diagnosis was 17 (2-53) years, with a female:male ratio of 1.5. At diagnosis, most of the patients (74%) were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV with severe haemodynamic compromise, including a median pulmonary vascular resistance of 14.0 (4.2-31.5) WU. An associated congenital heart disease (CHD) was found in seven PAH patients (35%). Patients with CHD-associated PAH were significantly younger at diagnosis than PAH patients without CHD. Four patients (20%) suffered from recurrent haemoptysis requiring repeated arterial embolisations. 13 out of 16 patients (81%) for whom imaging was available displayed chest computed tomography abnormalities, including dilated, tortuous pulmonary vessels, ground-glass opacities as well as anomalies of the bronchial and nonbronchial arteries. After a median (range) follow-up of 47 (1-591) months, 10 patients underwent lung transplantation and one patient benefited from a heart-lung transplantation due to associated CHD. Histopathological analysis of lung explants showed a congested lung architecture with severe pulmonary arterial remodelling, subpleural vessel dilation and numerous haemorrhagic foci. CONCLUSIONS PAH due to SOX17 pathogenic variants is a severe phenotype, frequently associated with CHD, haemoptysis and radiological abnormalities. Pathological assessment reveals severe pulmonary arterial remodelling and malformations affecting pulmonary vessels and thoracic systemic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montani
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- D. Montani and B. Lechartier contributed equally to this work
| | - Benoit Lechartier
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- D. Montani and B. Lechartier contributed equally to this work
| | - Barbara Girerd
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Dépt de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP and UMR_S 1166 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Andrei Seferian
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Mitja Jevnikar
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Athénais Boucly
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marianne Riou
- Dépt de Pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Traclet
- Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Ari Chaouat
- Université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales, Dépt de Pneumologie, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Maryline Levy
- Service de Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Le Pavec
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Dépt de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP and UMR_S 1166 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Martine Remy-Jardin
- CHU de Lille, Service d'Imagerie Thoracique, Hôpital Albert Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Service de Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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18
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Akinyemi MO, Finucan J, Grytsay A, Osaiyuwu OH, Adegbaju MS, Ogunade IM, Thomas BN, Peters SO, Morenikeji OB. Molecular Evolution and Inheritance Pattern of Sox Gene Family among Bovidae. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101783. [PMID: 36292668 PMCID: PMC9602320 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox genes are an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors that play important roles in cellular differentiation and numerous complex developmental processes. In vertebrates, Sox proteins are required for cell fate decisions, morphogenesis, and the control of self-renewal in embryonic and adult stem cells. The Sox gene family has been well-studied in multiple species including humans but there has been scanty or no research into Bovidae. In this study, we conducted a detailed evolutionary analysis of this gene family in Bovidae, including their physicochemical properties, biological functions, and patterns of inheritance. We performed a genome-wide cataloguing procedure to explore the Sox gene family using multiple bioinformatics tools. Our analysis revealed a significant inheritance pattern including conserved motifs that are critical to the ability of Sox proteins to interact with the regulatory regions of target genes and orchestrate multiple developmental and physiological processes. Importantly, we report an important conserved motif, EFDQYL/ELDQYL, found in the SoxE and SoxF groups but not in other Sox groups. Further analysis revealed that this motif sequence accounts for the binding and transactivation potential of Sox proteins. The degree of protein–protein interaction showed significant interactions among Sox genes and related genes implicated in embryonic development and the regulation of cell differentiation. We conclude that the Sox gene family uniquely evolved in Bovidae, with a few exhibiting important motifs that drive several developmental and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel O. Akinyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
| | - Jessica Finucan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
| | - Anastasia Grytsay
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA
| | - Osamede H. Osaiyuwu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Muyiwa S. Adegbaju
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M. Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Bolaji N. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Sunday O. Peters
- Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(585)-490-7271
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19
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Trinh LT, Osipovich AB, Sampson L, Wong J, Wright CV, Magnuson MA. Differential regulation of alternate promoter regions in Sox17 during endodermal and vascular endothelial development. iScience 2022; 25:104905. [PMID: 36046192 PMCID: PMC9421400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox17 gene expression is essential for both endothelial and endodermal cell differentiation. To better understand the genetic basis for the expression of multiple Sox17 mRNA forms, we identified and performed CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of two evolutionarily conserved promoter regions (CRs). The deletion of the upstream and endothelial cell-specific CR1 caused only a modest increase in lympho-vasculogenesis likely via reduced Notch signaling downstream of SOX17. In contrast, the deletion of the downstream CR2 region, which functions in both endothelial and endodermal cells, impairs both vascular and endodermal development causing death by embryonic day 12.5. Analyses of 3D chromatin looping, transcription factor binding, histone modification, and chromatin accessibility data at the Sox17 locus and surrounding region further support differential regulation of the two promoters during the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T. Trinh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leesa Sampson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan Wong
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chris V.E. Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Shi HY, Xie MS, Yang CX, Huang RT, Xue S, Liu XY, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. Identification of SOX18 as a New Gene Predisposing to Congenital Heart Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081917. [PMID: 36010266 PMCID: PMC9406965 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent kind of birth deformity in human beings and the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. Although genetic etiologies encompassing aneuploidy, copy number variations, and mutations in over 100 genes have been uncovered to be involved in the pathogenesis of CHD, the genetic components predisposing to CHD in most cases remain unclear. We recruited a family with CHD from the Chinese Han population in the present investigation. Through whole-exome sequencing analysis of selected family members, a new SOX18 variation, namely NM_018419.3:c.349A>T; p.(Lys117*), was identified and confirmed to co-segregate with the CHD phenotype in the entire family by Sanger sequencing analysis. The heterozygous variant was absent from the 384 healthy volunteers enlisted as control individuals. Functional exploration via luciferase reporter analysis in cultivated HeLa cells revealed that Lys117*-mutant SOX18 lost transactivation on its target genes NR2F2 and GATA4, two genes responsible for CHD. Moreover, the genetic variation terminated the synergistic activation between SOX18 and NKX2.5, another gene accountable for CHD. The findings strongly indicate SOX18 as a novel gene contributing to CHD, which helps address challenges in the clinical genetic diagnosis and prenatal prophylaxis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Meng-Shi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.X.); (Y.-Q.Y.)
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.X.); (Y.-Q.Y.)
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21
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Lu P, Wang P, Wu B, Wang Y, Liu Y, Cheng W, Feng X, Yuan X, Atteya MM, Ferro H, Sugi Y, Rydquist G, Esmaily M, Butcher JT, Chang CP, Lenz J, Zheng D, Zhou B. A SOX17-PDGFB signaling axis regulates aortic root development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4065. [PMID: 35831318 PMCID: PMC9279414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental etiologies causing complex congenital aortic root abnormalities are unknown. Here we show that deletion of Sox17 in aortic root endothelium in mice causes underdeveloped aortic root leading to a bicuspid aortic valve due to the absence of non-coronary leaflet and mispositioned left coronary ostium. The respective defects are associated with reduced proliferation of non-coronary leaflet mesenchyme and aortic root smooth muscle derived from the second heart field cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, SOX17 occupies a Pdgfb transcriptional enhancer to promote its transcription and Sox17 deletion inhibits the endothelial Pdgfb transcription and PDGFB growth signaling to the non-coronary leaflet mesenchyme. Restoration of PDGFB in aortic root endothelium rescues the non-coronary leaflet and left coronary ostium defects in Sox17 nulls. These data support a SOX17-PDGFB axis underlying aortic root development that is critical for aortic valve and coronary ostium patterning, thereby informing a potential shared disease mechanism for concurrent anomalous aortic valve and coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xuhui Feng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xinchun Yuan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Miriam M Atteya
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Haleigh Ferro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yukiko Sugi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Grant Rydquist
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mahdi Esmaily
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Ching-Pin Chang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jack Lenz
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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22
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Ang LT, Nguyen AT, Liu KJ, Chen A, Xiong X, Curtis M, Martin RM, Raftry BC, Ng CY, Vogel U, Lander A, Lesch BJ, Fowler JL, Holman AR, Chai T, Vijayakumar S, Suchy FP, Nishimura T, Bhadury J, Porteus MH, Nakauchi H, Cheung C, George SC, Red-Horse K, Prescott JB, Loh KM. Generating human artery and vein cells from pluripotent stem cells highlights the arterial tropism of Nipah and Hendra viruses. Cell 2022; 185:2523-2541.e30. [PMID: 35738284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell research endeavors to generate specific subtypes of classically defined "cell types." Here, we generate >90% pure human artery or vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells within 3-4 days. We specified artery cells by inhibiting vein-specifying signals and vice versa. These cells modeled viral infection of human vasculature by Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are extraordinarily deadly (∼57%-59% fatality rate) and require biosafety-level-4 containment. Generating pure populations of artery and vein cells highlighted that Nipah and Hendra viruses preferentially infected arteries; arteries expressed higher levels of their viral-entry receptor. Virally infected artery cells fused into syncytia containing up to 23 nuclei, which rapidly died. Despite infecting arteries and occupying ∼6%-17% of their transcriptome, Nipah and Hendra largely eluded innate immune detection, minimally eliciting interferon signaling. We thus efficiently generate artery and vein cells, introduce stem-cell-based toolkits for biosafety-level-4 virology, and explore the arterial tropism and cellular effects of Nipah and Hendra viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Teng Ang
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alana T Nguyen
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin J Liu
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaochen Xiong
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Curtis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Renata M Martin
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian C Raftry
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun Yi Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Uwe Vogel
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Angelika Lander
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Benjamin J Lesch
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonas L Fowler
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alyssa R Holman
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy Chai
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siva Vijayakumar
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fabian P Suchy
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joydeep Bhadury
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph B Prescott
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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23
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Predisposition to atrioventricular septal defects may be caused by SOX7 variants that impair interaction with GATA4. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:671-687. [PMID: 35260939 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) are a complicated subtype of congenital heart defects for which the genetic basis is poorly understood. Many studies have demonstrated that the transcription factor SOX7 plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular development. However, whether SOX7 single nucleotide variants are involved in AVSD pathogenesis is unclear. To explore the potential pathogenic role of SOX7 variants, we recruited a total of 100 sporadic non-syndromic AVSD Chinese Han patients and screened SOX7 variants in the patient cohort by targeted sequencing. Functional assays were performed to evaluate pathogenicity of nonsynonymous variants of SOX7. We identified three rare SOX7 variants, c.40C > G, c.542G > A, and c.743C > T, in the patient cohort, all of which were found to be highly conserved in mammals. Compared to the wild type, these SOX7 variants had increased mRNA expression and decreased protein expression. In developing hearts, SOX7 and GATA4 were highly expressed in the region of atrioventricular cushions. Moreover, SOX7 overexpression promoted the expression of GATA4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that SOX7 could directly bind to the GATA4 promoter and luciferase assays demonstrated that SOX7 activated the GATA4 promoter. The SOX7 variants had impaired transcriptional activity relative to wild-type SOX7. Furthermore, the SOX7 variants altered the ability of GATA4 to regulate its target genes. In conclusion, our findings showed that deleterious SOX7 variants potentially contribute to human AVSD by impairing its interaction with GATA4. This study provides novel insights into the etiology of AVSD and contributes new strategies to the prenatal diagnosis of AVSD.
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24
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The Balance between Differentiation and Terminal Differentiation Maintains Oral Epithelial Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205123. [PMID: 34680271 PMCID: PMC8534139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral cancer affecting the oral cavity represents the most common cancer of the head and neck region. Oral cancer develops in a multistep process in which normal cells gradually accumulate genetic and epigenetic modifications to evolve into a malignant disease. Mortality for oral cancer patients is high and morbidity has a significant long-term impact on the health and wellbeing of affected individuals, typically resulting in facial disfigurement and a loss of the ability to speak, chew, taste, and swallow. The limited scope to which current treatments are able to control oral cancer underlines the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the molecular differences between oral cell proliferation, differentiation and terminal differentiation, defines terminal differentiation as an important tumour suppressive mechanism and establishes a rationale for clinical investigation of differentiation-paired therapies that may improve outcomes in oral cancer. Abstract The oral epithelium is one of the fastest repairing and continuously renewing tissues. Stem cell activation within the basal layer of the oral epithelium fuels the rapid proliferation of multipotent progenitors. Stem cells first undergo asymmetric cell division that requires tightly controlled and orchestrated differentiation networks to maintain the pool of stem cells while producing progenitors fated for differentiation. Rapidly expanding progenitors subsequently commit to advanced differentiation programs towards terminal differentiation, a process that regulates the structural integrity and homeostasis of the oral epithelium. Therefore, the balance between differentiation and terminal differentiation of stem cells and their progeny ensures progenitors commitment to terminal differentiation and prevents epithelial transformation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A recent comprehensive molecular characterization of OSCC revealed that a disruption of terminal differentiation factors is indeed a common OSCC event and is superior to oncogenic activation. Here, we discuss the role of differentiation and terminal differentiation in maintaining oral epithelial homeostasis and define terminal differentiation as a critical tumour suppressive mechanism. We further highlight factors with crucial terminal differentiation functions and detail the underlying consequences of their loss. Switching on terminal differentiation in differentiated progenitors is likely to represent an extremely promising novel avenue that may improve therapeutic interventions against OSCC.
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Wang TM, Wang SS, Xu YJ, Zhao CM, Qiao XH, Yang CX, Liu XY, Yang YQ. SOX17 Loss-of-Function Mutation Underlying Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int Heart J 2021; 62:566-574. [PMID: 33952808 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) refers to a rare, progressive disorder that is characterized by occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling, resulting in increased pulmonary arterial pressure, right-sided heart failure, and eventual death. Emerging evidence from genetic investigations of pediatric-onset PAH highlights the strong genetic basis underpinning PAH, and deleterious variants in multiple genes have been found to cause PAH. Nevertheless, PAH is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic defects underlying PAH in the overwhelming majority of cases remain elusive. In this investigation, a consanguineous family suffering from PAH transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait was identified. Through whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses as well as Sanger sequencing analyses of the PAH family, a novel heterozygous SOX17 mutation, NM_022454.4: c.379C>T; p. (Gln127*), was found to co-segregate with the disease in the family, with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation was neither observed in 612 unrelated healthy volunteers nor retrieved in the population genetic databases encompassing the Genome Aggregation Database, the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database. Biological analyses using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system revealed that the Gln127*-mutant SOX17 protein lost the ability to transcriptionally activate its target gene NOTCH1. Moreover, the Gln127*-mutant SOX17 protein exhibited no inhibitory effect on the function of CTNNB1-encode β-catenin, which is a key player in vascular morphogenesis. This research firstly links SOX17 loss-of-function mutation to familial PAH, which provides novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of PAH, suggesting potential implications for genetic and prognostic risk evaluation as well as personalized prophylaxis of the family members affected with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University.,Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University
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Zhao L, Jiang WF, Yang CX, Qiao Q, Xu YJ, Shi HY, Qiu XB, Wu SH, Yang YQ. SOX17 loss-of-function variation underlying familial congenital heart disease. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104211. [PMID: 33794346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the most prevalent form of human birth defect, congenital heart disease (CHD) contributes to substantial morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic burden worldwide. Aggregating evidence has convincingly demonstrated that genetic defects exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CHD, and causative mutations in multiple genes have been causally linked to CHD. Nevertheless, CHD is of pronounced genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic components underpinning CHD in the overwhelming majority of patients remain obscure. In this research, a four-generation consanguineous family suffering from CHD transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode was recruited. By whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses as well as Sanger sequencing analyses of the family members, a new heterozygous SOX17 variation, NM_022454.4: c.553G > T; p.(Glu185*), was identified to co-segregate with CHD in the family, with complete penetrance. The nonsense variation was neither detected in 310 unrelated healthy volunteers used as controls nor retrieved in such population genetics databases as the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, Genome Aggregation Database, and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database. Functional assays by utilizing a dual-luciferase reporter assay system unveiled that the Glu185*-mutant SOX17 protein had no transcriptional activity on its two target genes NOTCH1 and GATA4, which have been reported to cause CHD. Furthermore, the mutation abrogated the synergistic transactivation between SOX17 and NKX2.5, another established CHD-causing transcription factor. These findings firstly indicate SOX17 loss-of-function mutation predisposes to familial CHD, which adds novel insight to the molecular mechanism of CHD, implying potential implications for genetic risk appraisal and individualized prophylaxis of the family members affected with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang X, Li T, Li B, Wei W, Li F, Chen S, Xu R, Sun K. SOX7 suppresses endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions by enhancing VE-cadherin expression during outflow tract development. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:829-846. [PMID: 33720353 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a critical process that occurs during the development of the outflow tract (OFT). Malformations of the OFT can lead to the occurrence of conotruncal defect (CTD). SOX7 duplication has been reported in patients with congenital CTD, but its specific role in OFT development remains poorly understood. To decipher this, histological analysis showed that SRY-related HMG-box 7 (SOX7) was regionally expressed in the endocardial endothelial cells and in the mesenchymal cells of the OFT, where EndMT occurs. Experiments, using in vitro collagen gel culture system, revealed that SOX7 was a negative regulator of EndMT that inhibited endocardial cell (EC) migration and resulted in decreased number of mesenchymal cells. Forced expression of SOX7 in endothelial cells blocked further migration and improved the expression of the adhesion protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin (VE-cadherin). Moreover, a VE-cadherin knockdown could partly reverse the SOX7-mediated repression of cell migration. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that SOX7 up-regulated VE-cadherin by directly binding to the gene's promoter in endothelial cells. The coding exons and splicing regions of the SOX7 gene were also scanned in the 536 sporadic CTD patients and in 300 unaffected controls, which revealed four heterozygous SOX7 mutations. Luciferase assays revealed that two SOX7 variants weakened the transactivation of the VE-cadherin promoter. In conclusion, SOX7 inhibited EndMT during OFT development by directly up-regulating the endothelial-specific adhesion molecule VE-cadherin. SOX7 mutations can lead to impaired EndMT by regulating VE-cadherin, which may give rise to the molecular mechanisms associated with SOX7 in CTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bojian Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Wu Y, Wharton J, Walters R, Vasilaki E, Aman J, Zhao L, Wilkins MR, Rhodes CJ. The pathophysiological role of novel pulmonary arterial hypertension gene SOX17. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.04172-2020. [PMID: 33632800 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04172-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease predominantly targeting pre-capillary blood vessels. Adverse structural remodelling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance result in cardiac hypertrophy and ultimately failure of the right ventricle. Recent whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing studies have identified SOX17 as a novel risk gene in PAH, with a dominant mode of inheritance and incomplete penetrance. Rare deleterious variants in the gene and more common variants in upstream enhancer sites have both been associated with the disease, and a deficiency of SOX17 expression may predispose to PAH. This review aims to consolidate the evidence linking genetic variants in SOX17 to PAH, and explores the numerous targets and effects of the transcription factor, focusing on the pulmonary vasculature and the pathobiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Walters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jurjan Aman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,VUmc, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Anani M, Nobuhisa I, Taga T. Sry-related High Mobility Group Box 17 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Antagonizing the Wingless-related Integration Site Pathway. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:204-212. [PMID: 33409253 PMCID: PMC7783240 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.4.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A transcription factor Sry-related high mobility group box (Sox) 17 is involved in developmental processes including spermatogenesis, cardiovascular system, endoderm formation, and so on. In this article, we firstly review the studies on the relation between the Sox17 expression and tumor malignancy. Although Sox17 positively promotes various tissue development, most of the cancers associated with Sox17 show decreased expression levels of Sox17, and an inverse correlation between Sox17 expression and malignancy is revealed. We briefly discuss the mechanism of such Sox17 down-regulation by focusing on DNA methylation of CpG sites located in the Sox17 gene promoter. Next, we overview the function of Sox17 in the fetal hematopoiesis, particularly in the dorsal aorta in midgestation mouse embryos. The Sox17 expression in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-containing intra-aortic hematopoietic cell cluster (IAHCs) is important for the cluster formation with the hematopoietic ability. The sustained expression of Sox17 in adult bone marrow HSCs and the cells in IAHCs of the dorsal aorta indicate abnormalities that are low lymphocyte chimerism and the aberrant proliferation of common myeloid progenitors in transplantation experiments. We then summarize the perspectives of Sox17 research in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Anani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Olbromski M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P. Role of SOX Protein Groups F and H in Lung Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113235. [PMID: 33152990 PMCID: PMC7692225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of SOX proteins has been demonstrated in many tissues at various stages of embryogenesis, where they play the role of transcription factors. The SOX18 protein (along with SOX7 and SOX17) belongs to the SOXF group and is mainly involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, where its expression was found in the endothelium. SOX18 expression was also demonstrated in neoplastic lines of gastric, pancreatic and colon adenocarcinomas. The prognostic role of SOX30 expression has only been studied in lung adenocarcinomas, where a low expression of this factor in the stromal tumor was associated with a worse prognosis for patients. Because of the complexity of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development, the role of the SOX proteins in this malignancy is still not fully understood. Many recently published papers show that SOX family protein members play a crucial role in the progression of NSCLC. Abstract The SOX family proteins are proved to play a crucial role in the development of the lymphatic ducts and the cardiovascular system. Moreover, an increased expression level of the SOX18 protein has been found in many malignances, such as melanoma, stomach, pancreatic breast and lung cancers. Another SOX family protein, the SOX30 transcription factor, is responsible for the development of male germ cells. Additionally, recent studies have shown its proapoptotic character in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our preliminary studies showed a disparity in the amount of mRNA of the SOX18 gene relative to the amount of protein. This is why our attention has been focused on microRNA (miRNA) molecules, which could regulate the SOX18 gene transcript level. Recent data point to the fact that, in practically all types of cancer, hundreds of genes exhibit an abnormal methylation, covering around 5–10% of the thousands of CpG islands present in the promoter sequences, which in normal cells should not be methylated from the moment the embryo finishes its development. It has been demonstrated that in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases there is a large heterogeneity of the methylation process. The role of the SOX18 and SOX30 expression in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is not yet fully understood. However, if we take into account previous reports, these proteins may be important factors in the development and progression of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-841-354; Fax: +48-717-840-082
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Welch CL, Chung WK. Genetics and Genomics of Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1213. [PMID: 33081265 PMCID: PMC7603012 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with high mortality despite recent therapeutic advances. The disease is caused by both genetic and environmental factors and likely gene-environment interactions. While PAH can manifest across the lifespan, pediatric-onset disease is particularly challenging because it is frequently associated with a more severe clinical course and comorbidities including lung/heart developmental anomalies. In light of these differences, it is perhaps not surprising that emerging data from genetic studies of pediatric-onset PAH indicate that the genetic basis is different than that of adults. There is a greater genetic burden in children, with rare genetic factors contributing to ~42% of pediatric-onset PAH compared to ~12.5% of adult-onset PAH. De novo variants are frequently associated with PAH in children and contribute to at least 15% of all pediatric cases. The standard of medical care for pediatric PAH patients is based on extrapolations from adult data. However, increased etiologic heterogeneity, poorer prognosis, and increased genetic burden for pediatric-onset PAH calls for a dedicated pediatric research agenda to improve molecular diagnosis and clinical management. A genomics-first approach will improve the understanding of pediatric PAH and how it is related to other rare pediatric genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Lv Q, Le L, Xiang J, Jiang B, Chen S, Xiao P. Liver Transcriptomic Reveals Novel Pathways of Empagliflozin Associated With Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 32256445 PMCID: PMC7092631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoglycaemic target of empagliflozin (EMP), as a novel inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2), is clear. However, recent studies have shown that EMP also has an important role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. The liver plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), although whether EMP affects liver glucose metabolism is currently not reported. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of EMP on hepatic glucose metabolism in T2D and the underlying mechanism. A model of T2D was established by a high-fat and glucose diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. Serum samples were collected to measure biochemical indicators, and liver samples were extracted for RNA-seq assay. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to further verify the gene expression levels detected by the RNA-seq assay. The EMP group showed significantly decreased blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in serum compared with the type 2 diabetes model (MOD) group. Furthermore, EMP decreased the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the serum compared to the MOD. Liver transcriptome analysis showed EMP affects a large number of upregulated and downregulated genes. Some of these genes are novel and involve in the metal ion binding pathway and the negative regulation of transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter pathway, which are also closely related to glucolipid metabolism and insulin signaling. Our study provides new knowledge about the mechanism through which SGLT inhibitor can offer beneficial effects in T2D and especially in the hepatic metabolism. These genes found in this study also laid a solid foundation for further research on the new roles and mechanisms of EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Le
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamei Xiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sibao Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Skip is essential for Notch signaling to induce Sox2 in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Cell Signal 2020; 68:109537. [PMID: 31927035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling and Sry-box (Sox) family transcriptional factors both play critical roles in endothelial cell (EC) differentiation in vascularization. Recent studies have shown that excessive Notch signaling induces Sox2 to cause cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Here, we examine human pulmonary AVMs and find no induction of Sox2. Results of epigenetic studies also show less alteration of Sox2-DNA binding in pulmonary AVMs than in cerebral AVMs. We identify high expression of ski-interacting protein (Skip) in brain ECs, a Notch-associated chromatin-modifying protein that is lacking in lung ECs. Knockdown of Skip abolished Notch-induction of Sox2 in brain ECs, while restoration of Skip in lung ECs enabled Notch-mediated Sox2 induction. The results suggest that Skip is a key factor for induction of Sox2 in cerebral AVMs.
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Yang J, Hu Y, Han J, Xiao K, Liu X, Tan C, Zeng Q, Du H. Genome-wide analysis of the Chinese sturgeon sox gene family: identification, characterisation and expression profiles of different tissues. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:175-184. [PMID: 31713865 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sox family is assumed to be responsible for a number of developmental systems. Genome sequencing technology makes it possible to scan sox genes and conduct characteristic analyses of different species. In fish, full characterisation of sox genes at the genome-wide level has been reported for pufferfish Takifugu rubripes, medaka Oryzias latipes, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. However, no systematic investigation of the sox family in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) has been reported to date. This study conducted genome-wide identification of the sox genes in the Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis and profiled their tissue distribution between male and female individuals. In total, 19 sox genes were identified, including soxb1, b2, c, d, e, f and h, in the Chinese sturgeon. Genomic structure analysis indicated relatively conserved exon-intron structures in each sox group and phylogenetic analysis supported the previous classification of the sox family. Most of the sox genes showed a tissue-specific expression pattern, indicating the possible involvement of Chinese sturgeon sox genes at different developmental processes such as cardiac and gonadal development. This study provides a comprehensive resource of Chinese sturgeon sox genes and enables a better understanding of the evolution and function of the sox family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Yacheng Hu
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Jilu Han
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
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35
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Kinnear S, Salamonsen LA, Francois M, Harley V, Evans J. Uterine SOX17: a key player in human endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15495. [PMID: 31664088 PMCID: PMC6820561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The yin and yang of female fertility is a complicated issue; large numbers of women/couples desire fertility and seek assisted reproduction intervention to achieve conception, while others seek to prevent pregnancy. Understanding specific molecules which control endometrial-embryo interactions is essential for both facilitating and preventing pregnancy. SOX17 has recently emerged as an important transcription factor involved in endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. However, studies to date have examined mouse models of pregnancy which do not necessarily translate to the human. Demonstration of a role for ‘implantation factors’ in a human system is critical to provide a rationale for in depth clinical investigation and targeting of such factors. We demonstrate that SOX17is present within the receptive human endometrium and is up-regulated within human endometrial epithelial cells by combined estrogen & progesterone, the hormonal milieu during the receptive window. SOX17 localizes to the point of adhesive contact between human endometrial epithelial cells and a human ‘embryo mimic’ model (trophectodermal spheroid). Targeting SOX17 in endometrial epithelial cells using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown or a SOX-F family inhibitor, MCC177, significantly inhibited adhesion of an trophectodermal spheroids to the epithelial cells thereby preventing ‘implantation’. These data confirm the important role of endometrial SOX17 in human endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kinnear
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vincent Harley
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jemma Evans
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia.
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36
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Hiraide T, Kataoka M, Suzuki H, Aimi Y, Chiba T, Kanekura K, Satoh T, Fukuda K, Gamou S, Kosaki K. SOX17 Mutations in Japanese Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:1231-1233. [PMID: 30044643 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0766le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuki Aimi
- 2 Kyorin University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan and
| | | | | | - Toru Satoh
- 2 Kyorin University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan and
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Igarashi H, Uemura M, Hiramatsu R, Hiramatsu R, Segami S, Pattarapanawan M, Hirate Y, Yoshimura Y, Hashimoto H, Higashiyama H, Sumitomo H, Kurohmaru M, Saijoh Y, Suemizu H, Kanai-Azuma M, Kanai Y. Sox17 is essential for proper formation of the marginal zone of extraembryonic endoderm adjacent to a developing mouse placental disk. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:578-589. [PMID: 29635272 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse conceptus, two yolk-sac membranes, the parietal endoderm (PE) and visceral endoderm (VE), are involved in protecting and nourishing early-somite-stage embryos prior to the establishment of placental circulation. Both PE and VE membranes are tightly anchored to the marginal edge of the developing placental disk, in which the extraembryonic endoderm (marginal zone endoderm: ME) shows the typical flat epithelial morphology intermediate between those of PE and VE in vivo. However, the molecular characteristics and functions of the ME in mouse placentation remain unclear. Here, we show that SOX17, not SOX7, is continuously expressed in the ME cells, whereas both SOX17 and SOX7 are coexpressed in PE cells, by at least 10.5 days postconception. The Sox17-null conceptus, but not the Sox7-null one, showed the ectopic appearance of squamous VE-like epithelial cells in the presumptive ME region, together with reduced cell density and aberrant morphology of PE cells. Such aberrant ME formation in the Sox17-null extraembryonic endoderm was not rescued by the chimeric embryo replaced with the wild-type gut endoderm by the injection of wild-type ES cells into the Sox17-null blastocyst, suggesting the cell autonomous defects in the extraembryonic endoderm of Sox17-null concepti. These findings provide direct evidence of the crucial roles of SOX17 in proper formation and maintenance of the ME region, highlighting a novel entry point to understand the in vivo VE-to-PE transition in the marginal edge of developing placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuto Hiramatsu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Segami
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Hirate
- Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimura
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruo Hashimoto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sumitomo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kurohmaru
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Saijoh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiakira Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Higashijima Y, Kanki Y. Molecular mechanistic insights: The emerging role of SOXF transcription factors in tumorigenesis and development. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:39-48. [PMID: 31536760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and progress of next-generation sequencers incorporated with classical biochemical analyses have drastically produced novel insights into transcription factors, including Sry-like high-mobility group box (SOX) factors. In addition to their primary functions in binding to and activating specific downstream genes, transcription factors also participate in the dedifferentiation or direct reprogramming of somatic cells to undifferentiated cells or specific lineage cells. Since the discovery of SOX factors, members of the SOXF (SOX7, SOX17, and SOX18) family have been identified to play broad roles, especially with regard to cardiovascular development. More recently, SOXF factors have been recognized as crucial players in determining the cell fate and in the regulation of cancer cells. Here, we provide an overview of research on the mechanism by which SOXF factors regulate development and cancer, and discuss their potential as new targets for cancer drugs while offering insight into novel mechanistic transcriptional regulation during cell lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higashijima
- Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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Novel role of sex-determining region Y-box 7 (SOX7) in tumor biology and cardiovascular developmental biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:49-56. [PMID: 31473269 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y-box 7 (Sox7) is an important member of the SOX F family, which is characterized by a high-mobility-group DNA-binding domain. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of SOX7 in cardiovascular development. SOX7 expression could be detected in normal adult tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of SOX7 were different in different tumors. Most studies showed the downregulation of SOX7 in tumors, while some studies reported its upregulation in tumors. In this review, we first summarized the upstream regulators (including transcription factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and some exogenous regulators) and downstream molecules (including factors in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and some other signaling pathways) of SOX7. Then, the roles of SOX7 in multiple tumors were presented. Finally, the significance of divergent SOX7 expression during cardiovascular development was briefly discussed. The information compiled in this study characterized SOX7 during tumorigenesis and cardiovascular development, which should facilitate the design of future research and promote SOX7 as a therapeutic target.
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Abstract
The formation and remodeling of a functional circulatory system is critical for sustaining prenatal and postnatal life. During embryogenesis, newly differentiated endothelial cells require further specification to create the unique features of distinct vessel subtypes needed to support tissue morphogenesis. In this review, we explore signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators that modulate endothelial cell differentiation and specification, as well as applications of these processes to stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. We also summarize recent technical advances, including the growing utilization of single-cell sequencing to study vascular heterogeneity and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Qiu
- From the Department of Genetics (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- From the Department of Genetics (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.Q., K.K.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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41
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Doyle MJ, Magli A, Estharabadi N, Amundsen D, Mills LJ, Martin CM. Sox7 Regulates Lineage Decisions in Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1089-1103. [PMID: 31154937 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specification of the mesodermal lineages requires a complex set of morphogenetic events orchestrated by interconnected signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks. The transcription factor Sox7 has critical functions in differentiation of multiple mesodermal lineages, including cardiac, endothelial, and hematopoietic. Using a doxycycline-inducible mouse embryonic stem cell line, we have previously shown that expression of Sox7 in cardiovascular progenitor cells promotes expansion of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In this study, we show that the ability of Sox7 to promote endothelial cell fate occurs at the expense of the cardiac lineage. Using ChIP-Seq coupled with ATAC-Seq we identify downstream target genes of Sox7 in cardiovascular progenitor cells and by integrating these data with transcriptomic analyses, we define Sox7-dependent gene programs specific to cardiac and EPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate a protein-protein interaction between SOX7 and GATA4 and provide evidence that SOX7 interferes with the transcriptional activity of GATA4 on cardiac genes. In addition, we show that Sox7 modulates WNT and BMP signaling during cardiovascular differentiation. Our data represent the first genome-wide analysis of Sox7 function and reveal a critical role for Sox7 in regulating signaling pathways that affect cardiovascular progenitor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Doyle
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alessandro Magli
- 2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,3Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nima Estharabadi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Danielle Amundsen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lauren J Mills
- 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cindy M Martin
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Yao J, Wu X, Zhang D, Wang L, Zhang L, Reynolds EX, Hernandez C, Boström KI, Yao Y. Elevated endothelial Sox2 causes lumen disruption and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3121-3133. [PMID: 31232700 DOI: 10.1172/jci125965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen integrity in vascularization requires fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we report that endothelial-mesenchymal transitions (EndMTs) emerged in ECs of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) and caused disruption of the lumen or lumen disorder. We show that excessive Sry-box 2 (Sox2) signaling was responsible for the EndMTs in cerebral AVMs. EC-specific suppression of Sox2 normalized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation and improved the cerebral AVMs. Epigenetic studies showed that induction of Sox2 altered the cerebral-endothelial transcriptional landscape and identified jumonji domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5) as a direct target of Sox2. Sox2 interacted with JMJD5 to induce EndMTs in cerebral ECs. Furthermore, we utilized a high-throughput system to identify the β-adrenergic antagonist pronethalol as an inhibitor of Sox2 expression. Treatment with pronethalol stabilized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation, which limited the cerebral AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lumin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric X Reynolds
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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43
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Sybirna A, Wong FCK, Surani MA. Genetic basis for primordial germ cells specification in mouse and human: Conserved and divergent roles of PRDM and SOX transcription factors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 135:35-89. [PMID: 31155363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of sperm and egg that pass on genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next. In mammals, they are induced from a subset of cells in peri-implantation epiblast by BMP signaling from the surrounding tissues. PGCs then initiate a unique developmental program that involves comprehensive epigenetic resetting and repression of somatic genes. This is orchestrated by a set of signaling molecules and transcription factors that promote germ cell identity. Here we review significant findings on mammalian PGC biology, in particular, the genetic basis for PGC specification in mice and human, which has revealed an evolutionary divergence between the two species. We discuss the importance and potential basis for these differences and focus on several examples to illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of critical transcription factors in mouse and human germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sybirna
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Frederick C K Wong
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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44
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Yao Y, Yao J, Boström KI. SOX Transcription Factors in Endothelial Differentiation and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transitions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:30. [PMID: 30984768 PMCID: PMC6447608 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-related HMG box of DNA binding proteins, referred to as SOX transcription factors, were first identified as critical regulators of male sex determination but are now known to play an important role in vascular development and disease. SOX7, 17, and 18 are essential in endothelial differentiation and SOX2 has emerged as an essential mediator of endothelial-mesenchymal transitions (EndMTs), a mechanism that enables the endothelium to contribute cells with abnormal cell differentiation to vascular disease such as calcific vasculopathy. In the following paper, we review published information on the SOX transcription factors in endothelial differentiation and hypothesize that SOX2 acts as a mediator of EndMTs that contribute to vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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45
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Zhang S, Chen X, Wang M, Zhang W, Pan J, Qin Q, Zhong L, Shao J, Sun M, Jiang H, Bian W. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expressional profile of the Sox gene family in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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46
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Zhu N, Welch CL, Wang J, Allen PM, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Ma L, King AK, Krishnan U, Rosenzweig EB, Ivy DD, Austin ED, Hamid R, Pauciulo MW, Lutz KA, Nichols WC, Reid JG, Overton JD, Baras A, Dewey FE, Shen Y, Chung WK. Rare variants in SOX17 are associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease. Genome Med 2018; 10:56. [PMID: 30029678 PMCID: PMC6054746 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by distinctive changes in pulmonary arterioles that lead to progressive pulmonary arterial pressures, right-sided heart failure, and a high mortality rate. Up to 30% of adult and 75% of pediatric PAH cases are associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD), and the underlying etiology is largely unknown. There are no known major risk genes for PAH-CHD. METHODS To identify novel genetic causes of PAH-CHD, we performed whole exome sequencing in 256 PAH-CHD patients. We performed a case-control gene-based association test of rare deleterious variants using 7509 gnomAD whole genome sequencing population controls. We then screened a separate cohort of 413 idiopathic and familial PAH patients without CHD for rare deleterious variants in the top association gene. RESULTS We identified SOX17 as a novel candidate risk gene (p = 5.5e-7). SOX17 is highly constrained and encodes a transcription factor involved in Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling during development. We estimate that rare deleterious variants contribute to approximately 3.2% of PAH-CHD cases. The coding variants identified include likely gene-disrupting (LGD) and deleterious missense, with most of the missense variants occurring in a highly conserved HMG-box protein domain. We further observed an enrichment of rare deleterious variants in putative targets of SOX17, many of which are highly expressed in developing heart and pulmonary vasculature. In the cohort of PAH without CHD, rare deleterious variants of SOX17 were observed in 0.7% of cases. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly implicate SOX17 as a new risk gene contributing to PAH-CHD as well as idiopathic/familial PAH. Replication in other PAH cohorts and further characterization of the clinical phenotype will be important to confirm the precise role of SOX17 and better estimate the contribution of genes regulated by SOX17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Carrie L. Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Jiayao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Philip M. Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Alejandra K. King
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Usha Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Erika B. Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - D. Dunbar Ivy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Eric D. Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of CincinnatiCollege of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Katie A. Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - William C. Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of CincinnatiCollege of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - John D. Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Frederick E. Dewey
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- New York, USA
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47
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Alonso-Martin S, Auradé F, Mademtzoglou D, Rochat A, Zammit PS, Relaix F. SOXF factors regulate murine satellite cell self-renewal and function through inhibition of β-catenin activity. eLife 2018; 7:26039. [PMID: 29882512 PMCID: PMC6021169 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells are the primary source of stem cells for postnatal skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Understanding genetic control of satellite cell formation, maintenance, and acquisition of their stem cell properties is on-going, and we have identified SOXF (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) transcriptional factors as being induced during satellite cell specification. We demonstrate that SOXF factors regulate satellite cell quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation. Moreover, ablation of Sox17 in the muscle lineage impairs postnatal muscle growth and regeneration. We further determine that activities of SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18 overlap during muscle regeneration, with SOXF transcriptional activity requisite. Finally, we show that SOXF factors also control satellite cell expansion and renewal by directly inhibiting the output of β-catenin activity, including inhibition of Ccnd1 and Axin2. Together, our findings identify a key regulatory function of SoxF genes in muscle stem cells via direct transcriptional control and interaction with canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alonso-Martin
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955-E10, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Medecine, Créteil, France.,Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maison Alfort, France
| | - Frédéric Auradé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Despoina Mademtzoglou
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955-E10, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Medecine, Créteil, France.,Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maison Alfort, France
| | - Anne Rochat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955-E10, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Medecine, Créteil, France.,Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maison Alfort, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Creteil, France.,APHP, Hopitaux UniversitairesHenri Mondor, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires GNMH, Créteil, France
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48
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Olbromski M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P. Role of the SOX18 protein in neoplastic processes. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1383-1389. [PMID: 30008814 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high demand for anticancer drugs due to the fact that the chemotherapeutics currently used have numerous side effects, which lowers the patient's quality of life. However, the latest antibody therapies are extremely expensive, hence the requirement to identify novel, equally effective but low-toxic treatments that have limited side effects. As a result of this, a number of research centres around the world are attempting to identify novel molecular markers that could be effective targets for anticancer therapy in the future. The SOX18 protein has been suggested to be a significant diagnostic and prognostic marker in various types of cancer. SRY-related HMG-box 18 (SOX18) is an important transcription factor involved in the development of cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels during embryonic development. In addition, it is involved in the progression of atherosclerosis and wound-healing processes. It has been observed that its level is higher in a number of cancer types, including melanoma, pancreas, stomach, liver, breast, lung, ovarian and cervical cancer. Furthermore, an association between a high expression of SOX18 in gastric cancer stromal cells and a poor prognosis has been demonstrated. The literature indicates how complex the pathogenesis of cancer is. Knowing the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of the tumor will allow for the effective use of targeted therapy, which may result in a higher success in treating patients. It is therefore important to identify novel and effective therapies as well as new proteins that could be potential markers. The SOX18 family, represented by the SOX18 protein, seems to be in this respect a promising element in modern anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-617 Wroclaw, Poland
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Saito K, Nobuhisa I, Harada K, Takahashi S, Anani M, Lickert H, Kanai-Azuma M, Kanai Y, Taga T. Maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in fetal intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters by the Sox17-Notch1-Hes1 axis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:145-155. [PMID: 29458175 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, from which definitive hematopoiesis first arises in midgestation mouse embryos, has intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters (IAHCs) containing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We previously reported expression of the transcription factor Sox17 in IAHCs, and overexpression of Sox17 in CD45lowc-KIThigh cells comprising IAHCs maintains the formation of cell clusters and their multipotency in vitro over multiple passages. Here, we demonstrate the importance of NOTCH1 in IAHC formation and maintenance of the HSC/HPC phenotype. We further show that Notch1 expression is positively regulated by SOX17 via direct binding to its gene promoter. SOX17 and NOTCH1 were both found to be expressed in vivo in cells of IAHCs by whole mount immunostaining. We found that cells transduced with the active form of NOTCH1 or its downstream target, Hes1, maintained their multipotent colony-forming capacity in semisolid medium. Moreover, cells stimulated by NOTCH1 ligand, Jagged1, or Delta-like protein 1, had the capacity to form multilineage colonies. Conversely, knockdown of Notch1 and Hes1 led to a reduction of their multipotent colony-forming capacity. These results suggest that the Sox17-Notch1-Hes1 pathway is critical for maintaining the undifferentiated state of IAHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoka Saito
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Kaho Harada
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satomi Takahashi
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Maha Anani
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Suez Canal University, 4.5 km the Ring Road, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Center for Experimental Animals, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 - 8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiakira Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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50
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Morgani SM, Metzger JJ, Nichols J, Siggia ED, Hadjantonakis AK. Micropattern differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells recapitulates embryo regionalized cell fate patterning. eLife 2018; 7:e32839. [PMID: 29412136 PMCID: PMC5807051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During gastrulation epiblast cells exit pluripotency as they specify and spatially arrange the three germ layers of the embryo. Similarly, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) undergo spatially organized fate specification on micropatterned surfaces. Since in vivo validation is not possible for the human, we developed a mouse PSC micropattern system and, with direct comparisons to mouse embryos, reveal the robust specification of distinct regional identities. BMP, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF directed mouse epiblast-like cells to undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and radially pattern posterior mesoderm fates. Conversely, WNT, ACTIVIN and FGF patterned anterior identities, including definitive endoderm. By contrast, epiblast stem cells, a developmentally advanced state, only specified anterior identities, but without patterning. The mouse micropattern system offers a robust scalable method to generate regionalized cell types present in vivo, resolve how signals promote distinct identities and generate patterns, and compare mechanisms operating in vivo and in vitro and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Morgani
- Developmental Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jakob J Metzger
- Center for Studies in Physics and BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric D Siggia
- Center for Studies in Physics and BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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