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Yamashita Y, Takeuchi T, Endo Y, Goto A, Uno M, Sakaki S, Yamaguchi Y, Takenaka H, Yamashita H. The effect of Dunaliella tertiolecta supplementation on diet-induced obesity in UCP1-deficient mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:16-25. [PMID: 37777845 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Dunaliella tertiolecta (DT) increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and improves diet-induced obesity (DIO) in C57BL/6 J mice at thermoneutrality (30 °C). Here, we investigated whether DT improves DIO in a thermoneutral UCP1-deficient (KO) animal. KO mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with DT for 12 weeks. Compared to control group without DT, body weight was significantly reduced in DT group with no difference in food intake. Dunaliella tertiolecta-supplemented mice exhibited lower adiposity and well-maintained multilocular morphology in BAT, in which a significant increase in gene expression of PR domain containing 16 was detected in DT group compared to control group. Moreover, increase in UCP2 level and/or decrease in ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation were detected in adipose tissues of DT group relative to control group. These results suggest that DT supplementation improves DIO by stimulating UCP1-independent energy dissipation at thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Misa Uno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Setsuko Sakaki
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation , Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation , Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
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2
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Li L. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise and the Underlying Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091787. [PMID: 37174325 PMCID: PMC10178086 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term, high-intensity exercise can trigger stress response pathways in multiple organs, including the heart and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle, and neuroendocrine system, thus affecting their material and energy metabolism, immunity, oxidative stress, and endocrine function, and reducing exercise function. As a natural, safe, and convenient nutritional supplement, probiotics have been a hot research topic in the field of biomedical health in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that probiotic supplementation improves the health of the body through the gut-brain axis and the gut-muscle axis, and probiotic supplementation may also improve the stress response and motor function of the body. This paper reviews the progress of research on the role of probiotic supplementation in material and energy metabolism, intestinal barrier function, immunity, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine function, and the health status of the body, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruhao Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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3
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Srinivas V, Molangiri A, Varma S, Mallepogu A, Kona SR, Ibrahim A, Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid deficiency affects fetal thermogenic development and postnatal musculoskeletal growth in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109218. [PMID: 36375730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) deficiency can affect offspring's adiposity and metabolism by modulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the impact of n-3 PUFA deficiency on the development of fetal thermogenesis and its consequences is not reported. Using an n-3 PUFA deficient mice, we assessed fetal interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), body fat composition, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose transporters (GLUTs), and expression of lipid storage & metabolic proteins in the offspring. The n-3 PUFA deficiency did not change the pups' calorie intake, organ weight, and body weight. However, the offspring's skeletal growth was altered due to excess fat to lean mass, reduced tibia & femur elongation, dysregulated IGF-1 in the mother and pups (P< .05). Localization of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in iBAT exhibited a reduced expression in the deficient fetus. Further, UCP1, GLUT1, GPR120 were downregulated while FABP3, ADRP, GLUT4 expressions were upregulated in the BAT of the deficient offspring (P< .05). The deficiency decreased endogenous conversion of the n-3 LCPUFAs from their precursors and upregulated SCD1, FASN, and MFSD2A mRNAs in the liver (P< .05). An altered musculoskeletal growth in the offspring is associated with impaired browning of the fetal adipose, dysregulated thermogenesis, growth hormone, and expression of glucose and fatty acid metabolic mediators due to maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency. BAT had higher metabolic sensitivity compared to WAT in n-3 PUFA deficiency. Maternal n-3 PUFA intake may prevent excess adiposity by modulating fetal development of thermogenesis and skeletal growth dynamics in the mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilasagaram Srinivas
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Archana Molangiri
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saikanth Varma
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aswani Mallepogu
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanjay Basak
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
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4
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RNAseq Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Thyroid of Newborn Lambs Subjected to Short-Term Cold Exposure Reveals Signs of Early Whitening of Adipose Tissue. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100996. [PMID: 36295898 PMCID: PMC9607389 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early postnatal period, lambs have the ability to thermoregulate body temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue (BAT), which soon after birth begins to transform into white adipose tissue. An RNA seq approach was used to characterize the transcriptome of BAT and thyroid tissue in newborn lambs exposed to cold conditions. Fifteen newborn Romney lambs were selected and divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 3) was a control, and groups 2 and 3 (n = 6 each) were kept indoors for two days at an ambient temperature (20–22 °C) or at a cold temperature (4 °C), respectively. Sequencing was performed using a paired-end strategy through the BGISEQ-500 platform, followed by the identification of differentially expressed genes using DESeq2 and an enrichment analysis by g:Profiler. This study provides an in-depth expression network of the main characters involved in the thermogenesis and fat-whitening mechanisms that take place in the newborn lamb. Data revealed no significant differential expression of key thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein 1, suggesting that the heat production peak under cold exposure might occur so rapidly and in such an immediate way that it may seem undetectable in BAT by day three of life. Moreover, these changes in expression might indicate the start of the whitening process of the adipose tissue, concluding the non-shivering thermogenesis period.
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5
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Liu X, Tang J, Zhang R, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Wang Y, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Cold exposure induces lipid dynamics and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of goats. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:528. [PMID: 35864448 PMCID: PMC9306100 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important to the maintenance of temperature in newborn mammals. Cold exposure activates gene expression and lipid metabolism to provide energy for BAT thermogenesis. However, knowledge of BAT metabolism in large animals after cold exposure is still limited. Results In this study, we found that cold exposure induced expression of BAT thermogenesis genes and increased the protein levels of UCP1 and PGC1α. Pathway analysis showed that cold exposure activated BAT metabolism, which involved in cGMP-PKG, TCA cycle, fatty acid elongation, and degradation pathways. These were accompanied by decreased triglyceride (TG) content and increased phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content in BAT. Conclusion These results demonstrate that cold exposure induces metabolites involved in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids metabolism in BAT. The present study provides evidence for lipid composition associated with adaptive thermogenesis in goat BAT and metabolism pathways regulated by cold exposure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08765-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Runan Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Endo Y, Hashimoto M, Kusudo T, Okada T, Takeuchi T, Goto A, Yamashita H. CREG1 improves diet-induced obesity via uncoupling protein 1-dependent manner in mice. Genes Cells 2022; 27:202-213. [PMID: 35007381 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and stimulate energy metabolism, protecting against obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) can stimulate thermogenic fat formation, induce UCP1, and reduce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice at normal room temperature. In this study, we investigated the effect of CREG1 administration and the importance of UCP1 in DIO inhibition under thermoneutral conditions at 30°C, which attenuate thermogenic fat formation. Interestingly, subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein via an osmotic pump in C57BL/6J mice for four weeks increased UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), inhibited visceral white fat hypertrophy with partial browning, and reduced DIO compared with that in PBS-treated mice. The mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related genes was significantly increased in the IBAT of CREG1-treated mice compared to that in PBS-treated mice. In contrast, adipocyte-specific overexpression of CREG1 failed to improve DIO in UCP1-knockout mice at thermoneutrality. Our results indicate the therapeutic potential of CREG1 administration for obesity under thermogenic fat-attenuating conditions and highlight the indispensable role of UCP1 in the DIO-inhibitory effect of CREG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
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7
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Wade G, McGahee A, Ntambi JM, Simcox J. Lipid Transport in Brown Adipocyte Thermogenesis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:787535. [PMID: 35002769 PMCID: PMC8733649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis is an energy demanding process that primarily occurs in brown and beige adipose tissue. Beyond regulating body temperature, these thermogenic adipocytes regulate systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Historically, research on thermogenic adipocytes has focused on glycolytic metabolism due to the discovery of active brown adipose tissue in adult humans through glucose uptake imaging. The importance of lipids in non-shivering thermogenesis has more recently been appreciated. Uptake of circulating lipids into thermogenic adipocytes is necessary for body temperature regulation and whole-body lipid homeostasis. A wide array of circulating lipids contribute to thermogenic potential including free fatty acids, triglycerides, and acylcarnitines. This review will summarize the mechanisms and regulation of lipid uptake into brown adipose tissue including protein-mediated uptake, lipoprotein lipase activity, endocytosis, vesicle packaging, and lipid chaperones. We will also address existing gaps in knowledge for cold induced lipid uptake into thermogenic adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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8
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Kataoka N, Takeuchi T, Kusudo T, Li Y, Endo Y, Yamashita H. Lack of UCP1 stimulates fatty liver but mediates UCP1-independent action of beige fat to improve hyperlipidemia in Apoe knockout mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165762. [PMID: 32179129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a critical role in lipid metabolism and may protect from hyperlipidemia; however, its beneficial effect appears to depend on the ambient temperature of the environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) deficiency on lipid metabolism, including the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia, in apolipoprotein E knockout (APOE-KO) mice at a normal (23 °C) and thermoneutral (30 °C) temperature. Unexpectedly, UCP1 deficiency caused improvements in hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and glucose metabolism, regardless of an increase in hepatic lipid deposition, in Ucp1/Apoe double-knockout (DKO) mice fed a high-fat diet at 23 °C, with BAT hyperplasia and robust browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) observed. Proteomics and gene expression analyses revealed significant increases in many proteins involved in energy metabolism and strong upregulation of brown/beige adipocyte-related genes and fatty acid metabolism-related genes in browned IWAT, suggesting an induction of beige fat formation and stimulation of lipid metabolism in DKO mice at 23 °C. Conversely, mRNA levels of fatty acid oxidation-related genes decreased in the liver of DKO mice. The favorable phenotypic changes were lost at 30 °C, with BAT whitening and disappearance of IWAT browning, while fatty liver further deteriorated in DKO mice compared with that in APOE-KO mice. Finally, longevity analysis revealed a significant lifespan extension of DKO mice compared with that of APOE-KO mice at 23 °C. Irrespective of the fundamental role of UCP1 thermogenesis, our results highlight the importance of beige fat for the improvement of hyperlipidemia and longevity under the atherogenic status at normal room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; Faculty of Human Science, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai 590-0113, Japan
| | - Yongxue Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
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9
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Nedergaard J, Cannon B. Brown adipose tissue as a heat-producing thermoeffector. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 156:137-152. [PMID: 30454587 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Extra heat for defense of body temperature can be obtained from shivering or nonshivering thermogenesis. Nonshivering thermogenesis is a facultative (i.e., only occurring when needed) and adaptive (i.e., being augmented when the demand is chronically higher) process that, in mammals, is the result of the activity of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in brown and brownish adipose tissues; no other quantitatively significant mechanism that fulfills the above criteria has been established. Measurement of heat production is generally indirect, based on oxygen consumption. Heat from brown adipose tissue is generated in mammals adapted to cold, in mammalian neonates, and in mammalian hibernators during arousal; brown adipose tissue may also be active in obese mammals and thus partially protect against further obesity. UCP1 is innately inhibited by cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is likely activated by fatty acids released from triglycerides within the cells; this lipolysis is stimulated by norepinephrine released from the sympathetic nerves innervating the tissue. For prolonged thermogenesis, substrate is delivered by the circulation as chylomicrons, lipoproteins, fatty acids, and glucose. The proton gradient over the mitochondrial membrane created by the respiratory chain is dispersed through the activity of UCP1; brown adipose tissue is nearly devoid of ATP synthase (as compared to respiratory chain activity). UCP1 developed likely at the dawn of mammalian evolution; most mammalian species still retain functional UCP1. Other members of the uncoupling protein family cannot uncouple. Both newborn and adult humans possess active brown adipose tissue but the significance of the tissue for adult human metabolism is not established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Cao J, Zhu Q, Liu L, Glazier BJ, Hinkel BC, Liang C, Shi H. Global Transcriptome Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041095. [PMID: 29642370 PMCID: PMC5979511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes the development of obesity, a disease resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has thermogenic capacity that burns calories to produce heat, and it is a potential target for the treatment and prevention of obesity. There is limited information regarding the impact of HFD on the BAT transcriptome. We hypothesized that HFD-induced obesity would lead to transcriptional regulation of BAT genes. RNA sequencing was used to generate global transcriptome profiles from BAT of lean mice fed with a low-fat diet (LFD) and obese mice fed with a HFD. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in biological processes (BP) related to immune responses, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in chemokine activity; decreased expression of genes involved in BP related to ion transport and muscle structure development, which reduced MF in channel and transporter activity and structural binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated that pathways associated with innate immunity were enhanced by HFD, while pathways associated with muscle contraction and calcium signaling were suppressed by HFD. Collectively, these results suggest that diet-induced obesity changes transcriptomic signatures of BAT, leading to dysfunction involving inflammation, calcium signaling, ion transport, and cell structural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cao
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Qi Zhu
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Bradley J Glazier
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Hinkel
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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11
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Huang L, Tepaamorndech S, Kirschke CP, Newman JW, Keyes WR, Pedersen TL, Dumnil J. Aberrant fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle contributes to insulin resistance in zinc transporter 7 ( znt7)-knockout mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7549-7563. [PMID: 29555680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnT7 (Slc30a7) is a widely expressed zinc transporter involved in sequestration of zinc into the Golgi apparatus and vesicular compartments. znt7-knockout (KO) mice are mildly zinc-deficient and lean. Despite their lean phenotype, adult male znt7-KO mice are prone to insulin resistance. We hypothesized that fat partitioning from adipose to nonadipose tissues causes insulin resistance in znt7-KO mice. Here, we used biological and biochemical methods, including fatty acid and oxylipin profiling, EM, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis, to identify the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance in znt7-KO mice. We found that insulin resistance in this model was primarily associated with increased intracellular fatty acid levels in the skeletal muscle, which promoted intracellular lipid accumulation and production of bioactive lipid mediators, such as 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). The expression of fatty acid-binding protein 3 (Fabp3) was dramatically up-regulated in the znt7-KO muscle cells accompanied by increased expression of Cd36, Slc27a1, and Slc27a4, the three major fatty acid transporters in the skeletal muscle. We also demonstrated that znt7-KO muscle cells had increased fatty acid oxidative capacity, indicated by enlarged mitochondria and increased mRNA or protein expression of key enzymes involved in the fatty acid mitochondrial shuttle and β-oxidation. We conclude that increased fatty acid uptake in the znt7-KO skeletal muscle is a key factor that contributes to the excessive intracellular lipid deposit and elevated production of bioactive lipid mediators. These mediators may play pivotal roles in oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- From the Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616, .,Department of Nutrition and.,Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Surapun Tepaamorndech
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and.,Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Catherine P Kirschke
- From the Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616
| | - John W Newman
- From the Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616.,Department of Nutrition and
| | - William R Keyes
- From the Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616
| | - Theresa L Pedersen
- From the Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jureeporn Dumnil
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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12
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Otaki Y, Watanabe T, Kubota I. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in cardiovascular disease: A systemic review. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:44-53. [PMID: 28911997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins, whose clinical applications have been studied, are a family of proteins that reflect tissue injury. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a marker of ongoing myocardial damage and useful for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the past decade, compared to other cardiac enzymes, H-FABP has shown more promise as an early detection marker for AMI. However, the role of H-FABP is being re-examined due to recent refinement in the search for newer biomarkers, and greater understanding of the role of high-sensitivity troponin. We discuss the current role of H-FABP as an early marker for AMI in the era of high sensitive troponin. H-FABP is highlighted as a prognostic marker for a broad spectrum of fatal diseases, viz., AMI, heart failure, arrhythmia, and pulmonary embolism that could be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Because the cut-off value of what constitutes an abnormal H-FABP potentially differs for each cardiovascular event and depends on the clinical setting, an optimal cut-off value has not been clearly established. Of note, several factors such as age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors, which affect H-FABP levels need to be considered in this context. In this review, we discuss the clinical applications of H-FABP as a prognostic marker in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Otaki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Isao Kubota
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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13
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Pramme-Steinwachs I, Jastroch M, Ussar S. Extracellular calcium modulates brown adipocyte differentiation and identity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8888. [PMID: 28827782 PMCID: PMC5567186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are important in regulating non-shivering thermogenesis, whole body glucose and lipid homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports an important role of metabolites as well as macro- and micronutrients in brown adipocyte differentiation and function. Calcium is one of the most abundant ions in the body regulating multiple cellular processes. We observed that increasing extracellular calcium concentration during brown adipocyte differentiation blocks lipid accumulation and suppresses induction of major adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ and C/EBPα. In contrast, the depletion of calcium in the medium enhances adipogenesis and expression of brown adipocyte selective genes, such as UCP1. Mechanistically, we show that elevated extracellular calcium inhibits C/EBPβ activity through hyperactivation of ERK, a process that is independent of intracellular calcium levels and reversibly halts differentiation. Moreover, increased extracellular calcium solely after the induction phase of differentiation specifically suppresses gene expression of UCP1, PRDM16 and PGC1-α. Notably, depleting extracellular calcium provokes opposite effects. Together, we show that modulating extracellular calcium concentration controls brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic gene expression, highlighting the importance of tissue microenvironment on brown adipocyte heterogeneity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pramme-Steinwachs
- JRG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- JRG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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14
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Calderon-Dominguez M, Mir JF, Fucho R, Weber M, Serra D, Herrero L. Fatty acid metabolism and the basis of brown adipose tissue function. Adipocyte 2016; 5:98-118. [PMID: 27386151 PMCID: PMC4916887 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, leading to severe associated pathologies such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue has become crucial due to its involvement in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance, and traditionally white adipose tissue has captured the most attention. However in the last decade the presence and activity of heat-generating brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has been rediscovered. BAT decreases with age and in obese and diabetic patients. It has thus attracted strong scientific interest, and any strategy to increase its mass or activity might lead to new therapeutic approaches to obesity and associated metabolic diseases. In this review we highlight the mechanisms of fatty acid uptake, trafficking and oxidation in brown fat thermogenesis. We focus on BAT's morphological and functional characteristics and fatty acid synthesis, storage, oxidation and use as a source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan F. Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fucho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minéia Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Valente A, Carrillo AE, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Tsatsakis AM, Kenny GP, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ, Flouris AD. The absorption and metabolism of a single L-menthol oral versus skin administration: Effects on thermogenesis and metabolic rate. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:262-73. [PMID: 26429629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the absorption and metabolism pharmacokinetics of a single L-menthol oral versus skin administration and the effects on human thermogenesis and metabolic rate. Twenty healthy adults were randomly distributed into oral (capsule) and skin (gel) groups and treated with 10 mg kg(-1) L-menthol (ORALMENT; SKINMENT) or control (lactose capsule: ORALCON; water application: SKINCON) in a random order on two different days. Levels of serum L-menthol increased similarly in ORALMENT and SKINMENT (p > 0.05). L-menthol glucuronidation was greater in ORALMENT than SKINMENT (p < 0.05). Cutaneous vasoconstriction, rectal temperature and body heat storage showed greater increase following SKINMENT compared to ORALMENT and control conditions (p < 0.05). Metabolic rate increased from baseline by 18% in SKINMENT and 10% in ORALMENT and respiratory exchange ratio decreased more in ORALMENT (5.4%) than SKINMENT (4.8%) compared to control conditions (p < 0.05). Levels of plasma adiponectin and leptin as well as heart rate variability were similar to control following either treatment (p > 0.05). Participants reported no cold, shivering, discomfort, stress or skin irritation. We conclude that a single L-menthol skin administration increased thermogenesis and metabolic rate in humans. These effects are minor following L-menthol oral administration probably due to faster glucuronidation and greater blood menthol glucuronide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Valente
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Greece; Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | | | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Kusudo T, Hashida Y, Ando F, Shimokata H, Yamashita H. Asp3Gly polymorphism affects fatty acid-binding protein 3 intracellular stability and subcellular localization. FEBS Lett 2015. [PMID: 26206228 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) play a crucial role in intracellular fatty acid transportation and metabolism. In this study, we investigate the effects of the FABP3 Asp3Gly (D3G) polymorphism on protein structure and function. Although the mutation did not alter protein secondary structure or the ability to bind 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid and palmitate, the intracellular stability of the D3G mutant was significantly decreased. Immunocytochemical analysis reveals that the mutation alters FABP3 subcellular localization. Our results suggest that the D3G polymorphism may impact energy metabolism and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Hashida
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute 480-1197, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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17
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Cooper DE, Young PA, Klett EL, Coleman RA. Physiological Consequences of Compartmentalized Acyl-CoA Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20023-31. [PMID: 26124277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.663260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the complex physiological demands of mammalian life requires strict control of the metabolism of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs because of the multiplicity of their cellular functions. Acyl-CoAs are substrates for energy production; stored within lipid droplets as triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, and retinol esters; esterified to form membrane phospholipids; or used to activate transcriptional and signaling pathways. Indirect evidence suggests that acyl-CoAs do not wander freely within cells, but instead, are channeled into specific pathways. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for acyl-CoA compartmentalization, highlight the key modes of acyl-CoA regulation, and diagram potential mechanisms for controlling acyl-CoA partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric L Klett
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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18
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Proteomics approaches shed new light on hibernation physiology. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 185:607-27. [PMID: 25976608 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The broad phylogenetic distribution and rapid phenotypic transitions of mammalian hibernators imply that hibernation is accomplished by differential expression of common genes. Traditional candidate gene approaches have thus far explained little of the molecular mechanisms underlying hibernation, likely due to (1) incomplete and imprecise sampling of a complex phenotype, and (2) the forming of hypotheses about which genes might be important based on studies of model organisms incapable of such dynamic physiology. Unbiased screening approaches, such as proteomics, offer an alternative means to discover the cellular underpinnings that permit successful hibernation and may reveal previously overlooked, important pathways. Here, we review the findings that have emerged from proteomics studies of hibernation. One striking feature is the stability of the proteome, especially across the extreme physiological shifts of torpor-arousal cycles during hibernation. This has led to subsequent investigations of the role of post-translational protein modifications in altering protein activity without energetically wasteful removal and rebuilding of protein pools. Another unexpected finding is the paucity of universal proteomic adjustments across organ systems in response to the extreme metabolic fluctuations despite the universality of their physiological challenges; rather each organ appears to respond in a unique, tissue-specific manner. Additional research is needed to extend and synthesize these results before it will be possible to address the whole body physiology of hibernation.
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19
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Abstract
Long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme As (CoAs) are critical regulatory molecules and metabolic intermediates. The initial step in their synthesis is the activation of fatty acids by one of 13 long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms. These isoforms are regulated independently and have different tissue expression patterns and subcellular locations. Their acyl-CoA products regulate metabolic enzymes and signaling pathways, become oxidized to provide cellular energy, and are incorporated into acylated proteins and complex lipids such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters. Their differing metabolic fates are determined by a network of proteins that channel the acyl-CoAs toward or away from specific metabolic pathways and serve as the basis for partitioning. This review evaluates the evidence for acyl-CoA partitioning by reviewing experimental data on proteins that are believed to contribute to acyl-CoA channeling, the metabolic consequences of loss of these proteins, and the potential role of maladaptive acyl-CoA partitioning in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease and carcinogenesis.
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20
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Valente A, Jamurtas AZ, Koutedakis Y, Flouris AD. Molecular pathways linking non-shivering thermogenesis and obesity: focusing on brown adipose tissue development. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:77-88. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Valente
- FAME Laboratory; Centre for Research and Technology Hellas; Karies Trikala 42100 Greece
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences; University of Thessaly; Trikala 42100 Greece
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences; University of Thessaly; Trikala 42100 Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences; University of Thessaly; Trikala 42100 Greece
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing; University of Wolverhampton; Walsall WS13BD U.K
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory; Centre for Research and Technology Hellas; Karies Trikala 42100 Greece
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21
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Townsend KL, Tseng YH. Brown fat fuel utilization and thermogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:168-77. [PMID: 24389130 PMCID: PMC3972344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy as heat to maintain optimal thermogenesis and to contribute to energy expenditure in rodents and possibly humans. The energetic processes executed by BAT require a readily-available fuel supply, which includes glucose and fatty acids (FAs). FAs become available by cellular uptake, de novo lipogenesis, and multilocular lipid droplets in brown adipocytes. BAT also possesses a great capacity for glucose uptake and metabolism, and an ability to regulate insulin sensitivity. These properties make BAT an appealing target for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. Recent research has provided a better understanding of the processes of fuel utilization carried out by brown adipocytes, which is the focus of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Townsend
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Syamsunarno MRAA, Iso T, Yamaguchi A, Hanaoka H, Putri M, Obokata M, Sunaga H, Koitabashi N, Matsui H, Maeda K, Endo K, Tsushima Y, Yokoyama T, Kurabayashi M. Fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 play a crucial role in thermogenesis under the conditions of fasting and cold stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90825. [PMID: 24603714 PMCID: PMC3946242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is rapidly induced during cold exposure when thermoregulatory mechanisms, including fatty acid (FA) utilization, are disturbed. FA binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5, which are abundantly expressed in adipose tissues and macrophages, have been identified as key molecules in the pathogenesis of overnutrition-related diseases, such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We have recently shown that FABP4/5 are prominently expressed in capillary endothelial cells in the heart and skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in FA utilization in these tissues. However, the role of FABP4/5 in thermogenesis remains to be determined. In this study, we showed that thermogenesis is severely impaired in mice lacking both FABP4 and FABP5 (DKO mice), as manifested shortly after cold exposure during fasting. In DKO mice, the storage of both triacylglycerol in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and glycogen in skeletal muscle (SkM) was nearly depleted after fasting, and a biodistribution analysis using 125I-BMIPP revealed that non-esterified FAs (NEFAs) are not efficiently taken up by BAT despite the robustly elevated levels of serum NEFAs. In addition to the severe hypoglycemia observed in DKO mice during fasting, cold exposure did not induce the uptake of glucose analogue 18F-FDG by BAT. These findings strongly suggest that DKO mice exhibit pronounced hypothermia after fasting due to the depletion of energy storage in BAT and SkM and the reduced supply of energy substrates to these tissues. In conclusion, FABP4/5 play an indispensable role in thermogenesis in BAT and SkM. Our study underscores the importance of FABP4/5 for overcoming life-threatening environments, such as cold and starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mirasari Putri
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Maeda
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Endo
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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23
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Hindle AG, Martin SL. Intrinsic circannual regulation of brown adipose tissue form and function in tune with hibernation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E284-99. [PMID: 24326419 PMCID: PMC3920013 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00431.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Winter hibernators repeatedly cycle between cold torpor and rewarming supported by nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). In contrast, summer animals are homeotherms, undergoing reproduction, growth, and fattening. This life history confers variability to BAT recruitment and activity. To address the components underlying prewinter enhancement and winter activation, we interrogated the BAT proteome in 13-lined ground squirrels among three summer and five winter states. We also examined mixed physiology in fall and spring individuals to test for ambient temperature and seasonal effects, as well as the timing of seasonal transitions. BAT form and function differ circannually in these animals, as evidenced by morphology and proteome dynamics. This intrinsic pattern distinguished homeothermic groups and early vs. late winter hibernators. Homeothermic variation derived from postemergence delay in growth and substrate biosynthesis. The heterothermic proteome varied less despite extreme winter physiological shifts and was optimized to exploit lipids by enhanced fatty acid binding, β-oxidation, and mitochondrial protein translocation. Surprisingly, ambient temperature did not affect the BAT proteome during transition seasons; rather, the pronounced summer-winter shift preceded environmental changes and phenotypic progression. During fall transition, differential regulation of two fatty acid binding proteins provides further evidence of recruitment and separates proteomic preparation from successful hibernation. Abundance of FABP4 correlates with torpor bout length throughout the year, clarifying its potential function in hibernation. Metabolically active BAT is a target for treating human obesity and metabolic disorders. Understanding the hibernator's extreme and seasonally distinct recruitment and activation control strategies offers untapped potential to identify novel, therapeutically relevant regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson G Hindle
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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24
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Gender-dependent gene expressions in brown adipose tissue of lean and obese rats fed a high fat diet. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Król E, Martin SAM, Huhtaniemi IT, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Negative correlation between milk production and brown adipose tissue gene expression in lactating mice. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:4160-70. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
It has been proposed that the performance of lactating animals is limited by the capacity of the female to dissipate body heat – the heat dissipation limit (HDL) theory. This theory predicts that milk production might be constrained not by intrinsic properties of the mammary glands but rather by competitive heat production such as thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). To test this prediction, we measured the expression of genes linked to thermogenesis in BAT of lactating laboratory mice. The applicability of BAT gene expression to reflect thermogenic activity of BAT was confirmed by a positive relationship between expression levels of several BAT genes (summarised by the first principal component following principal component analysis) and daily energy expenditure in virgin mice. Milk production at peak lactation was strongly and negatively associated with the expression of thermogenic genes in BAT. Downregulation of these genes during lactation was correlated with low levels of circulating leptin and high levels of circulating prolactin. Our results are consistent with the HDL theory. However, we cannot discount the converse interpretation that milk production may reduce BAT activity. If the reduction in BAT activity does facilitate increased milk production, then reducing the heat generated by competitive processes may be a more productive route to increase lactational performance than attempts to improve mammary gland performance in isolation from the other body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Król
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
- Mammal Research Institute PAS, 17-230 Białowieza, Poland
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
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26
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Yang J, Bromage TG, Zhao Q, Xu BH, Gao WL, Tian HF, Tang HJ, Liu DW, Zhao XQ. Functional evolution of leptin of Ochotona curzoniae in adaptive thermogenesis driven by cold environmental stress. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19833. [PMID: 21698227 PMCID: PMC3116822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental stress can accelerate the directional selection and evolutionary rate of specific stress-response proteins to bring about new or altered functions, enhancing an organism's fitness to challenging environments. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), an endemic and keystone species on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, is a high hypoxia and low temperature tolerant mammal with high resting metabolic rate and non-shivering thermogenesis to cope in this harsh plateau environment. Leptin is a key hormone related to how these animals regulate energy homeostasis. Previous molecular evolutionary analysis helped to generate the hypothesis that adaptive evolution of plateau pika leptin may be driven by cold stress. Methodology/Principal Findings To test the hypothesis, recombinant pika leptin was first purified. The thermogenic characteristics of C57BL/6J mice injected with pika leptin under warm (23±1°C) and cold (5±1°C) acclimation is investigated. Expression levels of genes regulating adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and the hypothalamus are compared between pika leptin and human leptin treatment, suggesting that pika leptin has adaptively and functionally evolved. Our results show that pika leptin regulates energy homeostasis via reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure under both warm and cold conditions. Compared with human leptin, pika leptin demonstrates a superior induced capacity for adaptive thermogenesis, which is reflected in a more enhanced β-oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis and heat production. Moreover, leptin treatment combined with cold stimulation has a significant synergistic effect on adaptive thermogenesis, more so than is observed with a single cold exposure or single leptin treatment. Conclusions/Significance These findings support the hypothesis that cold stress has driven the functional evolution of plateau pika leptin as an ecological adaptation to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy G. Bromage
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Qian Zhao
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Hong Xu
- Microbiology Department, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li Gao
- Microbiology Department, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fang Tian
- Microbiology Department, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jun Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Wu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DWL); (XQZ)
| | - Xin Quan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Biological Evolution and Adaptation, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DWL); (XQZ)
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27
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Kusudo T, Kontani Y, Kataoka N, Ando F, Shimokata H, Yamashita H. Fatty acid-binding protein 3 stimulates glucose uptake by facilitating AS160 phosphorylation in mouse muscle cells. Genes Cells 2011; 16:681-91. [PMID: 21501347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) and obesity in vivo and the effects of FABP3 on signal transduction for glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells in vitro. In obese mice, the level of FABP3 protein in gastrocnemius muscles increased significantly with an increase in body weight and metabolic phenotypes, suggesting a close relationship between FABP3 expression in the muscle and the development of obesity and/or insulin resistance in mice. In experiments using C2C12 myotubes infected with adenoviruses encoding human FABP3, induction stimulated glucose uptake without insulin stimulation in parallel with increases in the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AS160. Insulin enhanced glucose uptake in an additive fashion with increased phosphorylation of Akt and AS160 in FABP3-induced myotubes compared to control cells. This increased glucose uptake in FABP3-induced myotubes with insulin stimulation was found even in the presence of palmitate, in which a significantly higher Akt phosphorylation was detected compared to controls. These results suggest that FABP3 stimulates glucose uptake by facilitating AMPK-dependent AS160 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. FABP3 may also contribute to AS160 phosphorylation by maintaining insulin-dependent Akt activation in the cells under a lipotoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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28
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Vergnes L, Chin R, Young SG, Reue K. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein is essential for efficient brown adipose tissue fatty acid oxidation and cold tolerance. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:380-90. [PMID: 21044951 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.184754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue has a central role in thermogenesis to maintain body temperature through energy dissipation in small mammals and has recently been verified to function in adult humans as well. Here, we demonstrate that the heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, FABP3, is essential for cold tolerance and efficient fatty acid oxidation in mouse brown adipose tissue, despite the abundant expression of adipose-type fatty acid-binding protein, FABP4 (also known as aP2). Fabp3(-/-) mice exhibit extreme cold sensitivity despite induction of uncoupling and oxidative genes and hydrolysis of brown adipose tissue lipid stores. However, using FABP3 gain- and loss-of-function approaches in brown adipocytes, we detected a correlation between FABP3 levels and the utilization of exogenous fatty acids. Thus, Fabp3(-/-) brown adipocytes fail to oxidize exogenously supplied fatty acids, whereas enhanced Fabp3 expression promotes more efficient oxidation. These results suggest that FABP3 levels are a determinant of fatty acid oxidation efficiency by brown adipose tissue and that FABP3 represents a potential target for modulation of energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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29
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Quantitative evaluation of the effects of cold exposure of rats on the expression levels of ten FABP isoforms in brown adipose tissue. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:237-42. [PMID: 20972819 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We quantitatively examined the transcript levels of ten fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) isoforms in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats kept at room temperature and of rats exposed to the cold by Northern blotting using the synthesized RNA of each isoform as an external standard. FABP3-5 were expressed in BAT of both rats maintained at room temperature and those exposed to the cold. FABP4 was the most abundantly expressed isoform, but its transcript level was not significantly affected by cold exposure. FABP3 was slightly expressed in the BAT of rats maintained at room temperature and its transcript level was elevated ten fold by cold exposure. FABP5 was also elevated four fold by cold exposure but the amount of its mRNA in BAT was negligible.
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