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Gelatin Meshes Enriched with Graphene Oxide and Magnetic Nanoparticles Support and Enhance the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010555. [PMID: 36613995 PMCID: PMC9820391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is constantly evolving due to the fabrication of novel platforms that promise to stimulate tissue regeneration in the scenario of accidents. Here, we describe the fabrication of fibrous nanostructured substrates based on fish gelatin (FG) and enriched with graphene oxide (GO) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and demonstrate its biological properties in terms of cell viability and proliferation, cell adhesion, and differentiation. For this purpose, electrospun fibers were fabricated using aqueous precursors containing either only GO and only MNP nanospecies, or both of them within a fish gelatin solution. The obtained materials were investigated in terms of morphology, aqueous media affinity, tensile elasticity, and structural characteristics. The biological evaluation was assessed against adipose-derived stem cells by MTT, LDH, Live/Dead assay, cytoskeleton investigation, and neuronal trans-differentiation. The results indicate an overall good interaction and show that these materials offer a biofriendly environment. A higher concentration of both nanospecies types induced some toxic effects, thus 0.5% GO, MNPs, and GO/MNPs turned out to be the most suitable option for biological testing. Moreover, a successful neuronal differentiation has been shown on these materials, where cells presented a typical neuronal phenotype. This study demonstrates the potential of this scaffold to be further used in tissue engineering applications.
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2
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Glover JC, Aswendt M, Boulland JL, Lojk J, Stamenković S, Andjus P, Fiori F, Hoehn M, Mitrecic D, Pavlin M, Cavalli S, Frati C, Quaini F. In vivo Cell Tracking Using Non-invasive Imaging of Iron Oxide-Based Particles with Particular Relevance for Stem Cell-Based Treatments of Neurological and Cardiac Disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1469-1488. [PMID: 31802361 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutics is a rapidly developing field associated with a number of clinical challenges. One such challenge lies in the implementation of methods to track stem cells and stem cell-derived cells in experimental animal models and in the living patient. Here, we provide an overview of cell tracking in the context of cardiac and neurological disease, focusing on the use of iron oxide-based particles (IOPs) visualized in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We discuss the types of IOPs available for such tracking, their advantages and limitations, approaches for labeling cells with IOPs, biological interactions and effects of IOPs at the molecular and cellular levels, and MRI-based and associated approaches for in vivo and histological visualization. We conclude with reviews of the literature on IOP-based cell tracking in cardiac and neurological disease, covering both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Glover
- Laboratory for Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1105, Blindern, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Boulland
- Laboratory for Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1105, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jasna Lojk
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Stamenković
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, PB 52, 10001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, PB 52, 10001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fabrizio Fiori
- Department of Applied Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Di.S.C.O., Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dinko Mitrecic
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefano Cavalli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Shasha C, Krishnan KM. Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Applications in Biomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1904131. [PMID: 32557879 PMCID: PMC7746587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are currently the focus of investigation for a wide range of biomedical applications that fall into the categories of imaging, sensing, and therapeutics. A deep understanding of nanoparticle magnetization dynamics is fundamental to optimization and further development of these applications. Here, a summary of theoretical models of nanoparticle dynamics is presented, and computational nonequilibrium models are outlined, which currently represent the most sophisticated methods for modeling nanoparticle dynamics. Nanoparticle magnetization response is explored in depth; the effect of applied field amplitude, as well as nanoparticle size, on the resulting rotation mechanism and timescale is investigated. Two applications in biomedicine, magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Shasha
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kannan M Krishnan
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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4
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Abdulwahab M, Khan AA, Abdallah SH, Khattak MNK, Workie B, Chehimi MM, Mohamed AA. Arylated gold nanoparticles have no effect on the adipogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells nor regulate any key signaling pathway during the differentiation. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:192. [PMID: 34011402 PMCID: PMC8132363 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MG-63 cells that have osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation potential were evaluated for internalization, and adipogenic differentiation in the presence and absence of the covalently functionalized aryl gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-C6H4-4-COOH). RESULTS Inductively coupled plasma, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses confirmed that gold nanoparticles were easily internalized by MG-63 cells. The MG-63 cells were differentiated into adipocytes without gold-aryl nanoparticles and with the gold-aryl nanoparticles at 5 µM concentration in both induction and maintenance media. The lipid content assay and the relative expressions of PPAR-γ, ADR1, GLUT1 and GLUT4 genes showed no significant variation with and without the gold nanoparticles treatment. Differential phosphorylation levels of 43 kinases phosphorylation sites were evaluated using the human phospho-kinase array to assess the effect of the gold nanoparticles on the signaling pathways during the differentiation. No kinase phosphorylation site was differentially phosphorylated with two or more folds after the nanoparticles treatment after the first day as well as at the end of MG-63 cells differentiation. The gold-aryl nanoparticles do not affect MG-63 cells differentiation into adipocytes neither do they affect any key signaling pathway. These properties make these gold nanoparticles suitable for future drug delivery and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdulwahab
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
- Human Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
| | - Sallam Hasan Abdallah
- Human Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Human Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Bizuneh Workie
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, 1200 North DuPont Highway, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Ali Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
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5
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Nazari H, Heirani-Tabasi A, Hajiabbas M, Salimi Bani M, Nazari M, Pirhajati Mahabadi V, Rad I, Kehtari M, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Soleimani M. Incorporation of SPION-casein core-shells into silk-fibroin nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2981-2993. [PMID: 31724234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) of myocardium is necessary for fabrication of functional cardiac tissue. The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, Fe3 O4 ), as new generation of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), are highly intended in biomedical studies. Here, SPION NPs (1 wt%) were synthesized and incorporated into silk-fibroin (SF) electrospun nanofibers to enhance mechanical properties and topography of the scaffolds. Then, the mouse embryonic cardiac cells (ECCs) were seeded on the scaffolds for in vitro studies. The SPION NPs were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). SF nanofibers were characterized after incorporation of SPIONs by SEM, TEM, water contact angle measurement, and tensile test. Furthermore, cytocompatibility of scaffolds was confirmed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. SEM images showed that ECCs attached to the scaffolds with elongated morphologies. Also, the real-time PCR and immunostaining studies approved upregulation of cardiac functional genes in ECCs seeded on the SF/SPION-casein scaffolds including GATA-4, cardiac troponin T, Nkx 2.5, and alpha-myosin heavy chain, compared with the ones in SF. In conclusion, incorporation of core-shells in SF supports cardiac differentiation, while has no negative impact on ECCs' proliferation and self-renewal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Nazari
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajiabbas
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Salimi Bani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nazari
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iman Rad
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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The Effect of Uncoated SPIONs on hiPSC-Differentiated Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143536. [PMID: 31331030 PMCID: PMC6678752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were indicated in vascular repair, angiogenesis of ischemic organs, and inhibition of formation of initial hyperplasia. Differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) provides an unlimited supply for clinical application. Furthermore, magnetic cell labelling offers an effective way of targeting and visualization of hiPSC-ECs and is the next step towards in vivo studies. Methods: ECs were differentiated from hiPSCs and labelled with uncoated superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (uSPIONs). uSPION uptake was compared between hiPSC-ECs and mature ECs isolated from patients by software analysis of microscopy pictures after Prussian blue cell staining. The acute and long-term cytotoxic effects of uSPIONs were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) and Annexin assay. Results: We showed, for the first time, uptake of uncoated SPIONs (uSPIONs) by hiPSC-ECs. In comparison with mature ECs of identical genetic background hiPSC-ECs showed lower uSPION uptake. However, all the studied endothelial cells were effectively labelled and showed magnetic properties even with low labelling concentration of uSPIONs. uSPIONs prepared by microwave plasma synthesis did not show any cytotoxicity nor impair endothelial properties. Conclusion: We show that hiPSC-ECs labelling with low concentration of uSPIONs is feasible and does not show any toxic effects in vitro, which is an important step towards animal studies.
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7
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Marycz K, Kornicka K, Röcken M. Static Magnetic Field (SMF) as a Regulator of Stem Cell Fate - New Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine Arising from an Underestimated Tool. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:785-792. [PMID: 30225821 PMCID: PMC6223715 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies are one of the most rapidly developing fields in medical sciences. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the development of new drug-delivery systems characterized by low cytotoxicity, high efficiency and controlled release. One of the possible strategies to achieve these goals is the application of magnetic field and/or magnetic nanoparticles, which have been shown to exert a wide range of effects on cellular metabolism. Static magnetic field (SMF) has been commonly used in medicine as a tool to increase wound healing, bone regeneration and as a component of magnetic resonance technique. However, recent data shed light on deeper mechanism of SMF action on physiological properties of different cell populations, including stem cells. In the present review, we focused on SMF effects on stem cell biology and its possible application as a tool for controlled drug delivery. We also highlighted the perspectives, in which SMF can be used in future therapies in tissue engineering due to its easy application and a wide range of possible effects on cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - K Kornicka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
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8
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Naseroleslami M, Aboutaleb N, Parivar K. The effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-labeled mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of a magnetic field on attenuation of injury after heart failure. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1214-1225. [PMID: 30128798 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Migration of stem cells after transplantation reduces their therapeutic effects. In this study, we hypothesized that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence of magnetic field may have a capability to increase regenerative ability after heart failure (HF). A rat model of ISO (isoproterenol)-HF was established to investigate the effects of SPION-labeled MSCs on tissue regeneration in the presence and absence of magnetic field. Hydrodynamic size, shape, and formation of chemical bonds between SPION and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The MRI was used to monitor SPION-labeled MSCs in vivo. Cell and tissue uptake of nanoparticles were determined by Prussian blue staining, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). Purity of the MSCs, heart function, myocardial fibrosis, and histologic damage were evaluated using flow-cytometry, echocardiography, Masson's trichrome, and H&E staining respectively. Various spectroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed that hydrodynamic size of SPION was 40 ± 2 and their shape was spherical. FTIR confirmed the presence of PEG on the surface of nanoparticles. The presence of magnetic field significantly increased cell homing. Highly purified MSCs population was detected by flow-cytometry. Using SPION-labeled MSCs in the presence of magnetic field markedly improved heart function and myocardial hypertrophy and reduced fibrosis (p < 0.05). Collectively, our results demonstrated that SPION-labeled MSCs in the presence of magnetic field might contribute to regeneration after HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naseroleslami
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Ort C, Dayekh K, Xing M, Mequanint K. Emerging Strategies for Stem Cell Lineage Commitment in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3644-3657. [PMID: 33429592 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have transformed the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and their potential to further advance these fields cannot be overstated. The stem cell niche is a dynamic microenvironment that determines cell fate during development and tissue repair following an injury. Classically, stem cells were studied in isolation of their microenvironment; however, contemporary research has produced a myriad of evidence that shows the importance of multiple aspects of the stem cell niche in regulating their processes. In the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies, the niche is an artificial environment provided by culture conditions. In vitro culture conditions may involve coculturing with other cell types, developing specific biomaterials, and applying relevant forces to promote the desired lineage commitment. Considerable advance has been made over the past few years toward directed stem cell differentiation; however, the unspecific differentiation of stem cells yielding a mixed population of cells has been a challenge. In this review, we provide a systematic review of the emerging strategies used for lineage commitment within the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These strategies include scaffold pore-size and pore-shape gradients, stress relaxation, sonic and electromagnetic effects, and magnetic forces. Finally, we provide insights and perspectives into future directions focusing on signaling pathways activated during lineage commitment using external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
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10
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Du V, Luciani N, Richard S, Mary G, Gay C, Mazuel F, Reffay M, Menasché P, Agbulut O, Wilhelm C. A 3D magnetic tissue stretcher for remote mechanical control of embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:400. [PMID: 28900152 PMCID: PMC5596024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to create a 3D tissue structure from individual cells and then to stimulate it at will is a major goal for both the biophysics and regenerative medicine communities. Here we show an integrated set of magnetic techniques that meet this challenge using embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We assessed the impact of magnetic nanoparticles internalization on ESCs viability, proliferation, pluripotency and differentiation profiles. We developed magnetic attractors capable of aggregating the cells remotely into a 3D embryoid body. This magnetic approach to embryoid body formation has no discernible impact on ESC differentiation pathways, as compared to the hanging drop method. It is also the base of the final magnetic device, composed of opposing magnetic attractors in order to form embryoid bodies in situ, then stretch them, and mechanically stimulate them at will. These stretched and cyclic purely mechanical stimulations were sufficient to drive ESCs differentiation towards the mesodermal cardiac pathway. The development of embryoid bodies that are responsive to external stimuli is of great interest in tissue engineering. Here, the authors culture embryonic stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles and show that the presence of magnetic fields could affect their aggregation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicard Du
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nathalie Luciani
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sophie Richard
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Gaëtan Mary
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Cyprien Gay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - François Mazuel
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Myriam Reffay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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11
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Mou Y, Lv S, Xiong F, Han Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Gu N, Zhou J. Effects of different doses of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-modified Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles on intercalated discs in engineered cardiac tissues. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 106:121-130. [PMID: 27889952 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although iron oxide nanoparticles (IRONs) were applied in clinical magnetic resonance imaging in vivo and magnetic tissue engineering in vitro widely, the underlying effects of IRONs on the development of cardiomyocytes especially the intercellular junctions, intercalated discs (IDs), remain an unknown issue. Given the critical role of three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) in evaluation of nanoparticles toxicology, it remained necessary to understand the effects of IRONs on IDs assembly of cardiomyocytes in 3D environment. In this study, we first reconstituted collagen/Matrigel based ECTs in vitro and prepared IRONs with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA-IRONs). We found that the internalization of DMSA-IRONs by cardiac cells in dose-dependent manner was not associated with the cell distribution in 3D environment by determination of Prussian blue staining and transmission electronic microscopy. Significantly, through determination of western blotting and immunofluorescence of connexin 43, N-cadherin, desmoplakin, and plakoglobin, DMSA-IRONs enhanced the assembly of gap junctions, decreased mechanical junctions (adherens junctions and desmosomes) of cardiac cells but not in dose-dependent manner in ECTs at seventh day. In addition, DMSA-IRONs increased the vesicles secretion of cardiac cells in ECTs apparently compared to control groups. Overall, we conclude that the internalization of DMSA-IRONs by cardiac cells in dose-dependent manner enhanced the assembly of electrochemical junctions and decreased the mechanical related microstructures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 121-130, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Mou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghong Lv
- Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Han
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Naseroleslami M, Parivar K, Khoei S, Aboutaleb N. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human-Derived Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells Using PEGylated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:332-9. [PMID: 27602314 PMCID: PMC5011320 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The label and detection of cells injected into target tissues is an area of focus for researchers. Iron oxide nanoparticles can be used to label cells as they have special characteristics. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on human-derived amniotic membrane stem cell (hAMCs) survival and to investigate the magnetic properties of these nanoparticles with increased contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we initially isolated mesenchymal stem cells from amniotic membranes and analyzed them by flow cytometry. In addition, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and characterized them by various methods. The SPIONs were incubated with hAMCs at concentrations of 25-800 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on hAMCs was measured by the MTT assay. Next, we evaluated the effectiveness of the magnetic nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents. Solutions of SPION were prepared in water at different iron concentrations for relaxivity measurements by a 1.5 Tesla clinical MRI instrument. RESULTS The isolated cells showed an adherent spindle shaped morphology. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated SPIONs exhibited a spherical morphology. The average particle size was 20 nm and magnetic saturation was 60 emu/g. Data analysis showed no significant reduction in the percentage of viable cells (97.86 ± 0.41%) after 72 hours at the 125 μg/ml concentration compared with the control. The relaxometry results of this SPION showed a transverse relaxivity of 6.966 (μg/ml.s)(-1). CONCLUSION SPIONs coated with PEG used in this study at suitable concentrations had excellent labeling efficiency and biocompatibility for hAMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naseroleslami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Vukova TI, Dimitrov SD, Gagov HS, Dimitrova DZ. In focus: Fe3O4 nanoparticles and human mesenteric artery interaction in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:921-32. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The growing implementation of iron oxide nanoparticles in medicine requires a thorough investigation of their physiological influence. Therefore, effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on isometric contractions of healthy human mesenteric artery in vitro were investigated. Materials & methods: The effect of increasing concentrations (0.023, 0.069, 0.23, 0.69 and 2.31 μg/μl) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (50–100 nm) on the contractility of mesenteric artery ring preparations was studied using wire myography technique. Results & conclusion: A lack of effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (50–100 nm) on isometric contractions of human mesenteric artery segments both in conditions of basal tension and precontraction was found. The observed unresponsiveness of human mesenteric arteries in vitro to Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be attributed to their safe mode of use in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora I Vukova
- Department Excitable Structures, Institute of Biophysics & Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav D Dimitrov
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Military Medical Academy, St. Georgi Sofyiski Street, 3, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo S Gagov
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 D. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Z Dimitrova
- Department Excitable Structures, Institute of Biophysics & Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Stem Cell Tracking with Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine Purposes: An Overview. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:7920358. [PMID: 26839568 PMCID: PMC4709786 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7920358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and noninvasive stem cell tracking is one of the most important needs in regenerative medicine to determine both stem cell destinations and final differentiation fates, thus allowing a more detailed picture of the mechanisms involved in these therapies.
Given the great importance and advances in the field of nanotechnology for stem cell imaging, currently, several nanoparticles have become standardized products and have been undergoing fast commercialization. This review has been intended to summarize the current use of different engineered nanoparticles in stem cell tracking for regenerative medicine purposes, in particular by detailing their main features and exploring their biosafety aspects, the first step for clinical application. Moreover, this review has summarized the advantages and applications of stem cell tracking with nanoparticles in experimental and preclinical studies and investigated present limitations for their employment in the clinical setting.
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15
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Zheng B, Vazin T, Goodwill PW, Conway A, Verma A, Saritas EU, Schaffer D, Conolly SM. Magnetic Particle Imaging tracks the long-term fate of in vivo neural cell implants with high image contrast. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14055. [PMID: 26358296 PMCID: PMC4566119 DOI: 10.1038/srep14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) enables monitoring of cellular grafts with high contrast, sensitivity, and quantitativeness. MPI directly detects the intense magnetization of iron-oxide tracers using low-frequency magnetic fields. MPI is safe, noninvasive and offers superb sensitivity, with great promise for clinical translation and quantitative single-cell tracking. Here we report the first MPI cell tracking study, showing 200-cell detection in vitro and in vivo monitoring of human neural graft clearance over 87 days in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tandis Vazin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Patrick W Goodwill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Magnetic Insight, Inc., Newark, CA 94560, USA
| | - Anthony Conway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aradhana Verma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emine Ulku Saritas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steven M Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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16
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Parsa H, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour A, Akbarzadeh P, Amoghli Tabrizi B, Dehdilani N, Lotfinegad P, Soleimanloo F. Effect of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Labeling on Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26199901 PMCID: PMC4503836 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been used to label mammalian cells and to monitor their fate in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the effectiveness of phenotype of labeled cells by SPIONs is still a matter of question. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency and biological effects of labeled mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using ferumoxide- protamine sulfate complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an experimental study, undifferentiated mESCs, C571 line, a generous gift of Stem Cell Technology Company, were cultured on gelatin-coated flasks. The proliferation and viability of SPION-labeled cells were compared with control. ESCs and embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from differentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were analyzed for stage-specific cell surface markers using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS Our observations showed that SPIONs have no effect on the self-renewal ability of mESCs. Reverse microscopic observations and prussian blue staining revealed 100% of cells were labeled with iron particles. SPION-labeled mESCs did not significantly alter cell viability and proliferation activity. Furthermore, labeling did not alter expression of representative surface phenotypic markers such as stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1) and cluster of differentiation 117 (CD117) on undifferentiated ESC and CD34, CD38 on HSCs, as measured by flowcytometry. CONCLUSION According to the results of the present study, SPIONs-labeling method as MRI agents in mESCs has no negative effects on growth, morphology, viability, proliferation and differentiation that can be monitored in vivo, noninvasively. Noninvasive cell tracking methods are considered as new perspectives in cell therapy for clinical use and as an easy method for evaluating the placement of stem cells after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Parsa
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Amoghli Tabrizi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Dehdilani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Lotfinegad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Soleimanloo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Sharifi S, Seyednejad H, Laurent S, Atyabi F, Saei AA, Mahmoudi M. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 10:329-55. [PMID: 25882768 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g. cell tracking, biosensing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering) have been increasingly developed. Among the various NP types, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) have attracted considerable attention for early detection of diseases due to their specific physicochemical properties and their molecular imaging capabilities. A comprehensive review is presented on the recent advances in the development of in vitro and in vivo SPION applications for molecular imaging, along with opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Sharifi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Hajar Seyednejad
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 19, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.,CMMI - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Valdiglesias V, Kiliç G, Costa C, Fernández-Bertólez N, Pásaro E, Teixeira JP, Laffon B. Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:125-48. [PMID: 25209650 DOI: 10.1002/em.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) with superparamagnetic properties hold great promise for use in various biomedical applications; specific examples include use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, in targeted drug delivery, and for induced hyperthermia cancer treatments. Increasing potential applications raise concerns over their potential effects on human health. Nevertheless, very little is currently known about the toxicity associated with exposure to these nanoparticles at different levels of biological organization. This article provides an overview of recent studies evaluating ION cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity. Although the results of these studies are sometimes controversial, they generally indicate that surface coatings and particle size seem to be crucial for the observed ION-induced effects, as they are critical determinants of cellular responses and intensity of effects, and influence potential mechanisms of toxicity. The studies also suggest that some ION are safe for certain biomedical applications, while other uses need to be considered more carefully. Overall, the available studies provide insufficient evidence to fully assess the potential risks for human health related to ION exposure. Additional research in this area is required including studies on potential long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
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19
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Meganathan K, Sotiriadou I, Natarajan K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A. Signaling molecules, transcription growth factors and other regulators revealed from in-vivo and in-vitro models for the regulation of cardiac development. Int J Cardiol 2015; 183:117-28. [PMID: 25662074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several in-vivo heart developmental models have been applied to decipher the cardiac developmental patterning encompassing early, dorsal, cardiac and visceral mesoderm as well as various transcription factors such as Gata, Hand, Tin, Dpp, Pnr. The expression of cardiac specific transcription factors, such as Gata4, Tbx5, Tbx20, Tbx2, Tbx3, Mef2c, Hey1 and Hand1 are of fundamental significance for the in-vivo cardiac development. Not only the transcription factors, but also the signaling molecules involved in cardiac development were conserved among various species. Enrichment of the bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm is essential for the initiation of myocardial differentiation and the cardiac developmental process. Moreover, the expression of a number of cardiac transcription factors and structural genes initiate cardiac differentiation in the medial mesoderm. Other signaling molecules such as TGF-beta, IGF-1/2 and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) play a significant role in cardiac repair/regeneration, ventricular heart development and specification of early cardiac mesoderm, respectively. The role of the Wnt signaling in cardiac development is still controversial discussed, as in-vitro results differ dramatically in relation to the animal models. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) were utilized as an important in-vitro model for the elucidation of the cardiac developmental processes since they can be easily manipulated by numerous signaling molecules, growth factors, small molecules and genetic manipulation. Finally, in the present review the dynamic role of the long noncoding RNA and miRNAs in the regulation of cardiac development are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Meganathan
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Isaia Sotiriadou
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Karthick Natarajan
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany.
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20
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Sart S, Bejarano FC, Baird MA, Yan Y, Rosenberg JT, Ma T, Grant SC, Li Y. Intracellular labeling of mouse embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitor aggregates with micron-sized particles of iron oxide. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Mou Y, Zhou J, Xiong F, Li H, Sun H, Han Y, Gu N, Wang C. Effects of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid modified Fe2O3 nanoparticles on microstructure and biological activity of cardiomyocytes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles did not interfere with the microstructure, but decreased the intracellular ROS content of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Mou
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- P.R. China
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- P.R. China
| | - Yao Han
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- P.R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P.R. China
| | - Changyong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- P.R. China
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
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22
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Insulin-producing cells from embryonic stem cells rescues hyperglycemia via intra-spleen migration. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7586. [PMID: 25533571 PMCID: PMC4274503 DOI: 10.1038/srep07586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantation of embryonic stem cells (ESC)-derived insulin-producing cells has been extensively investigated for treatment of diabetes in animal models. However, the in vivo behavior and migration of transplanted cells in diabetic models remains unclear. Here we investigated the location and migration of insulin-producing cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) using a dynamic MRI tracking method. SPIO labeled cells showed hypointense signal under the kidney subcapsules of diabetic mice on MRI, and faded gradually over the visiting time. However, new hypointense signal appeared in the spleen 1 week after transplantation, and became obvious with the time prolongation. Further histological examination proved the immigrated cells were insulin and C-peptide positive cells which were evenly distributed throughout the spleen. These intra-spleen insulin-producing cells maintained their protective effects against hyperglycemia in vivo, and these effects were reversed upon spleen removal. Transplantation of insulin-producing cells through spleen acquired an earlier blood glucose control as compared with that through kidney subcapsules. In summary, our data demonstrate that insulin-producing cells transplanted through kidney subcapsules were not located in situ but migrated into spleen, and rescues hyperglycemia in diabetic models. MRI may provide a novel tracking method for preclinical cell transplantation therapy of diabetes continuously and non-invasively.
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23
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Liu J, Wang L, Cao J, Huang Y, Lin Y, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhang F, Xu X, Liu G. Functional investigations on embryonic stem cells labeled with clinically translatable iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9025-33. [PMID: 24969040 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell based therapies offer significant potential in the field of regenerative medicine. The development of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle labeling and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been increasingly used to track the transplanted cells, enabling in vivo determination of cell fate. However, the impact of SPIO-labeling on the cell phenotype and differentiation capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains unclear. In this study, we wrapped SPIO nanoparticles with stearic acid grafted PEI600, termed as Stearic-LWPEI-SPIO, to generate efficient and non-toxic ESC labeling tools. Our results showed that efficient labeling of ESCs at an optimized low dosage of Stearic-LWPEI-SPIO nanoparticles did not alter the differentiation and self-renewal properties of ESCs. The localization of the transplanted ESCs observed by MRI correlated well with histological studies. These findings demonstrate that Stearic-LWPEI-SPIO nanoparticles have potential to be clinically translatable MRI probes and may enable non-invasive in vivo tracking of ESCs in experimental and clinical settings during cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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24
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Luo C, Li Y, Yang L, Wang X, Long J, Liu J. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles exacerbate the risks of reactive oxygen species-mediated external stresses. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:357-69. [PMID: 24847785 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been widely applied in numerous biomedical fields. The evaluation of the toxicity of IONPs to the environment and human beings is indispensable to guide their applications. IONPs are usually considered to have good biocompatibility; however, some literatures have reported the toxicity of IONPs in vitro and in vivo. The controversy surrounding the biocompatibility of IONPs prompted us to carefully consider the biological effects of IONPs, especially under stress conditions. However, the potential risks of IONPs under stress conditions have not yet been evaluated in depth. Acrolein is widespread in the environment and modulates stress-induced gene activation and cell death in many organs and tissues. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity of H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells embedded with IONPs to acrolein and investigated the possible molecular mechanisms involved in this sensitivity. IONPs, which alone exhibited no toxicity, sensitized the H9c2 cardiomyocytes to acrolein-induced dysfunction. The IONP/acrolein treatment induced a loss of viability, membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Erk activation, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, and necrosis in H9c2 cells. Treatment with an ROS generation inhibitor (diphenyleneiodonium) or an iron chelator (deferoxamine) prevented the IONP/acrolein-induced loss of viability, suggesting that ROS and IONP degradation facilitated the toxicity of the IONP/acrolein treatment in H9c2 cells. Our data suggest that cells embedded in IONPs are more vulnerable to oxidative stress, which confirms the hypothesis that nanoparticles can sensitize cells to the adverse effects of external stimulation. The present work provides a new perspective from which to evaluate the interactions between nanoparticles and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China,
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25
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Dunn DA, Hodge AJ, Lipke EA. Biomimetic materials design for cardiac tissue regeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 6:15-39. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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26
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Smith AW, Hoyne JD, Nguyen PK, McCreedy DA, Aly H, Efimov IR, Rentschler S, Elbert DL. Direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts to cardiomyocyte-like cells using Yamanaka factors on engineered poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6559-71. [PMID: 23773820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct reprogramming strategies enable rapid conversion of somatic cells to cardiomyocytes or cardiomyocyte-like cells without going through the pluripotent state. A recently described protocol couples Yamanaka factor induction with pluripotency inhibition followed by BMP4 treatment to achieve rapid reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts to beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. The original study was performed using Matrigel-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), a stiff material that also non-specifically adsorbs serum proteins. Protein adsorption-resistant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) materials can be covalently modified to present precise concentrations of adhesion proteins or peptides without the unintended effects of non-specifically adsorbed proteins. Here, we describe an improved protocol that incorporates custom-engineered materials. We first reproduced the Efe et al. protocol on Matrigel-coated TCPS (the original material), reprogramming adult mouse tail-tip mouse fibroblasts (TTF) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) to cardiomyocyte-like cells that demonstrated striated sarcomeric α-actinin staining, spontaneous calcium transients, and visible beating. We then designed poly(ethylene glycol) culture substrates to promote MEF adhesion via laminin and RGD-binding integrins. PEG hydrogels improved proliferation and reprogramming efficiency (evidenced by beating patch number and area, gene expression, and flow cytometry), yielding almost twice the number of sarcomeric α-actinin positive cardiomyocyte-like cells as the originally described substrate. These results illustrate that cellular reprogramming may be enhanced using custom-engineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Siu CW, Lee YK, Ho JCY, Lai WH, Chan YC, Ng KM, Wong LY, Au KW, Lau YM, Zhang J, Lay KW, Colman A, Tse HF. Modeling of lamin A/C mutation premature cardiac aging using patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 4:803-822. [PMID: 23362510 PMCID: PMC3560431 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We identified an autosomal dominant non-sense mutation (R225X) in exon 4 of the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene in a Chinese family spanning 3 generations with familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In present study, we aim to generate induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from an affected patient with R225X and another patient bearing LMNA frame-shift mutation for drug screening. METHODS and RESULTS Higher prevalence of nuclear bleb formation and micronucleation was present in LMNAR225X/WT and LMNAFramshift/WT iPSC-CMs. Under field electrical stimulation, percentage of LMNA-mutated iPSC-CMs exhibiting nuclear senescence and cellular apoptosis markedly increased. shRNA knockdown of LMNA replicated those phenotypes of the mutated LMNA field electrical stress. Pharmacological blockade of ERK1/2 pathway with MEK1/2 inhibitors, U0126 and selumetinib (AZD6244) significantly attenuated the pro-apoptotic effects of field electric stimulation on the mutated LMNA iPSC-CMs. CONCLUSION LMNA-related DCM was modeled in-vitro using patient-specific iPSC-CMs. Our results demonstrated that haploinsufficiency due to R225X LMNA non-sense mutation was associated with accelerated nuclear senescence and apoptosis of iPSC- CMs under electrical stimulation, which can be significantly attenuated by therapeutic blockade of stress-related ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wah Siu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kingham E, Oreffo ROC. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells: understanding, creating, and exploiting the nano-niche for regenerative medicine. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1867-81. [PMID: 23414366 PMCID: PMC3610401 DOI: 10.1021/nn3037094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into any specialized cell type of the human body, and therefore, ESC/iPSC-derived cell types offer great potential for regenerative medicine. However, key to realizing this potential requires a strong understanding of stem cell biology, techniques to maintain stem cells, and strategies to manipulate cells to efficiently direct cell differentiation toward a desired cell type. As nanoscale science and engineering continues to produce novel nanotechnology platforms, which inform, infiltrate, and impinge on many aspects of everyday life, it is no surprise that stem cell research is turning toward developments in nanotechnology to answer research questions and to overcome obstacles in regenerative medicine. Here we discuss recent advances in ESC and iPSC manipulation using nanomaterials and highlight future challenges within this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmajayne Kingham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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Kim HS, Tian L, Lin S, Cha JH, Jung HS, Park KS, Moon WK. Magnetic labeling of pancreaticβ-cells modulates the glucose- and insulin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 8:20-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoe Suk Kim
- Department of Radiology; Seoul National University Hospital; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center; Seoul National University; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
| | - Lianji Tian
- Department of Radiology; Seoul National University Hospital; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
| | - Shunmei Lin
- Department of Radiology; Seoul National University Hospital; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
| | - Joo Hee Cha
- Department of Radiology; Seoul National University Hospital; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Moon
- Department of Radiology; Seoul National University Hospital; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center; Seoul National University; 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea
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Liao SY, Tse HF, Chan YC, Mei-Chu Yip P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li RA. Overexpression of Kir2.1 channel in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes attenuates posttransplantation proarrhythmic risk in myocardial infarction. Heart Rhythm 2012; 10:273-82. [PMID: 23041574 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular replacement strategies using embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) have been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and prevent LV remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI). Nonetheless, the immature electrical phenotypes of ESC-CMs may increase the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) and sudden death. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the forced expression of Kir2.1-encoded inward rectifying K(+) channels that are otherwise absent in ESC-CMs would attenuate their proarrhythmic risk after transplantation post-MI. METHODS Mouse ESC line stably transduced with a lentivirus (LentV)-based doxycycline (DOX)-inducible system coexpressing the transgenes Kir2.1 and a dsRed (LentV-THM-Kir2.1-GFP/LentV-TR-KRAB-dsRed) was differentiated into ESC-CMs with (DOX(+)) or without (DOX(-)) treatment with DOX. Detailed in vitro and in vivo assessments of LV function and cardiac electrophysiology were measured 4 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS ESC-CM DOX(+) with atrial and ventricular phenotype exhibited more hyperpolarizing resting membrane potential than did ESC-CM DOX(-) (P< .05). Transplantations of ESC-CM DOX(-) and ESC-CM DOX(+) both significantly improved LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic diameter, end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, and positive maximal and negative pressure derivative (P< .05) at 4 weeks compared with the MI group; however, the DOX(-) group (22 of 40, 55%) had a significantly higher early sudden death rate than the DOX(+) group (13 of 40, 32.5%; P = .036). Telemetry monitoring revealed that the DOX(-) group (6.09%±3.65%) had significantly more episodes of spontaneous VT compared with the DOX(+) group (0.92%±0.81%; P< .05). In vivo programmed electrical stimulation at 2 weeks resulted in a significantly higher incidence of inducible VT in the DOX(-) group (9 of 16, 56.25%) compared with the DOX(+) group (3 of 16, 18.75%; P = .031). CONCLUSIONS Forced expression of Kir2.1 in ESC-CMs improves their electrical phenotypes and lowers the risk of inducible and spontaneous VT after post-MI transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yan Liao
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Transplantation with autologous mesenchymal stem cells after acute myocardial infarction evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: an experimental study. J Thorac Imaging 2012; 27:125-35. [PMID: 21336180 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0b013e31820446fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to track and investigate the effects of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation after acute myocardial infarction in swine assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Chinese mini-pigs (27±3 kg) were divided into 4 groups, including control groups (groups 1 and 3) and MSCs transplantation groups (group 2, super paramagnetic iron oxide labeled and group 4, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole labeled). Super paramagnetic iron oxide-labeled and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-labeled MSCs (3.0×10⁶ cells/mL) with a volume of 10 mL were injected into the left anterior descending artery by a catheter at 1 week after acute myocardial infarction, respectively. Cell distribution, cardiac functions, and scar tissue were quantitatively assessed by MRI. RESULTS The reduction of the T2* value in the myocardium, spleen, and liver in group 2 was significantly greater than that in group 1. MRI showed that function and scar size at baseline and 3 days after cell infusion were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2. Six weeks later left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.0001), end-systolic volume (P<0.05), the number of dyskinetic segments (P<0.0001), left ventricular weight index (P<0.0001), and the infarcted size (P<0.0001) in group 4 were all improved comparing with those in group 3. CONCLUSIONS The majority of MSCs entrapped by the extracardial organs were mainly in the spleen. Catheter-based delivery of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs into infarcted myocardium is feasible and effective.
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Pagliari F, Mandoli C, Forte G, Magnani E, Pagliari S, Nardone G, Licoccia S, Minieri M, Di Nardo P, Traversa E. Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect cardiac progenitor cells from oxidative stress. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3767-75. [PMID: 22524692 DOI: 10.1021/nn2048069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are a promising autologous source of cells for cardiac regenerative medicine. However, CPC culture in vitro requires the presence of microenvironmental conditions (a complex array of bioactive substance concentration, mechanostructural factors, and physicochemical factors) closely mimicking the natural cell surrounding in vivo, including the capability to uphold reactive oxygen species (ROS) within physiological levels in vitro. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are redox-active and could represent a potent tool to control the oxidative stress in isolated CPCs. Here, we report that 24 h exposure to 5, 10, and 50 μg/mL of nanoceria did not affect cell growth and function in cardiac progenitor cells, while being able to protect CPCs from H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity for at least 7 days, indicating that nanoceria in an effective antioxidant. Therefore, these findings confirm the great potential of nanoceria for controlling ROS-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagliari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Ransohoff JD, Wu JC. Imaging stem cell therapy for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012; 10:361-73. [PMID: 22239638 PMCID: PMC3683543 DOI: 10.2174/157016112799959404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapeutic angiogenesis aims to treat ischemic myocardial and peripheral tissues by delivery of recombinant proteins, genes, or cells to promote neoangiogenesis. Concerns regarding the safety, side effects, and efficacy of protein and gene transfer studies have led to the development of cell-based therapies as alternative approaches to induce vascular regeneration and to improve function of damaged tissue. Cell-based therapies may be improved by the application of imaging technologies that allow investigators to track the location, engraftment, and survival of the administered cell population. The past decade of investigations has produced promising clinical data regarding cell therapy, but design of trials and evaluation of treatments stand to be improved by emerging insight from imaging studies. Here, we provide an overview of pre-clinical and clinical experience using cell-based therapies to promote vascular regeneration in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. We also review four major imaging modalities and underscore the importance of in vivo analysis of cell fate for a full understanding of functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D. Ransohoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Colombo M, Carregal-Romero S, Casula MF, Gutiérrez L, Morales MP, Böhm IB, Heverhagen JT, Prosperi D, Parak WJ. Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4306-34. [PMID: 22481569 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review an overview about biological applications of magnetic colloidal nanoparticles will be given, which comprises their synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo applications. The potential future role of magnetic nanoparticles compared to other functional nanoparticles will be discussed by highlighting the possibility of integration with other nanostructures and with existing biotechnology as well as by pointing out the specific properties of magnetic colloids. Current limitations in the fabrication process and issues related with the outcome of the particles in the body will be also pointed out in order to address the remaining challenges for an extended application of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Lee YK, Ng KM, Lai WH, Chan YC, Lau YM, Lian Q, Tse HF, Siu CW. Calcium homeostasis in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 7:976-86. [PMID: 21614516 PMCID: PMC3226695 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiomyocytes generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are suggested as the most promising candidate to replenish cardiomyocyte loss in regenerative medicine. Little is known about their calcium homeostasis, the key process underlying excitation-contraction coupling. OBJECTIVE We investigated the calcium handling properties of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and compared with those from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS AND RESULTS We differentiated cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs (IMR90 and KS1) and hESCs (H7 and HES3) with established protocols. Beating outgrowths from embryoid bodies were typically observed 2 weeks after induction. Cells in these outgrowths were stained positively for tropomyosin and sarcomeric alpha-actinin. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies demonstrated the expressions of cardiac-specific markers in both hiPSC- and hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Calcium handling properties of 20-day-old hiPSC- and hESC-derived cardiomyocytes were investigated using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Compared with hESC-derived cardiomyocytes, spontaneous calcium transients from both lines of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were of significantly smaller amplitude and with slower maximal upstroke velocity. Better caffeine-induced calcium handling kinetics in hESC-CMs indicates a higher sacroplasmic recticulum calcium store. Furthermore, in contrast with hESC-derived cardiomyocytes, ryanodine did not reduce the amplitudes, maximal upstroke and decay velocity of calcium transients of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. In addition, spatial inhomogeneity in temporal properties of calcium transients across the width of cardiomyocytes was more pronounced in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes than their hESC counterpart as revealed line-scan calcium imaging. Expressions of the key calcium-handling proteins including ryanodine recptor-2 (RyR2), sacroplasmic recticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA), junction (Jun) and triadin (TRDN), were significantly lower in hiPSC than in hESCs. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the calcium handling properties of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are relatively immature to hESC counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ki Lee
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Vallée JP, Hauwel M, Lepetit-Coiffé M, Bei W, Montet-Abou K, Meda P, Gardier S, Zammaretti P, Kraehenbuehl TP, Herrmann F, Hubbell JA, Jaconi ME. Embryonic stem cell-based cardiopatches improve cardiac function in infarcted rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197784 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-seeded cardiopatches hold promise for in situ regeneration of infarcted hearts. Here, we describe a novel cardiopatch based on bone morphogenetic protein 2-primed cardiac-committed mouse embryonic stem cells, embedded into biodegradable fibrin matrices and engrafted onto infarcted rat hearts. For in vivo tracking of the engrafted cardiac-committed cells, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were magnetofected into the cells, thus enabling detection and functional evaluation by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Six weeks after transplantation into infarcted rat hearts, both local (p < .04) and global (p < .015) heart function, as well as the left ventricular dilation (p < .0011), were significantly improved (p < .001) as compared with hearts receiving cardiopatches loaded with iron nanoparticles alone. Histological analysis revealed that the fibrin scaffolds had degraded over time and clusters of myocyte enhancer factor 2-positive cardiac-committed cells had colonized most of the infarcted myocardium, including the fibrotic area. De novo CD31-positive blood vessels were formed in the vicinity of the transplanted cardiopatch. Altogether, our data provide evidence that stem cell-based cardiopatches represent a promising therapeutic strategy to achieve efficient cell implantation and improved global and regional cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Vallée
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Wang X, Wei F, Liu A, Wang L, Wang JC, Ren L, Liu W, Tu Q, Li L, Wang J. Cancer stem cell labeling using poly(L-lysine)-modified iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3719-32. [PMID: 22342710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell labeling using magnetic nanoparticles is an increasingly used approach in noninvasive behavior tracking, in vitro separation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and CSC-based research in cancer therapy. However, the impact of magnetic labeling on the biological properties of targeted CSCs, such as self-renewal, proliferation, multi-differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis, remains elusive. The present study sought to explore the potential effects on biological behavior when CSCs are labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles in vitro. The glioblastoma CSCs derived from U251 glioblastoma multiforme were labeled with poly(L-lysine) (PLL)-modified γ-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. The iron uptake of glioblastoma CSCs was confirmed through prussian blue staining, and was further quantified using atomic absorption spectrometry. The cellular viability of the SPIO-labeled glioblastoma CSCs was assessed using a fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide double-staining protocol. The expressed specific markers and multi-differentiation of SPIO-labeled glioblastoma CSCs were comparatively assessed by immunocytochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The effects of magnetic labeling on cell cycle and apoptosis rate of glioblastoma CSCs and their differentiated progenies were assayed using a flow cytometer. The results demonstrated that the cell viability and proliferation capacity of glioblastoma CSCs and their differentiated progenies were not affected by SPIO labeling compared with their unlabeled counterparts. Moreover, the magnetically labeled CSCs displayed an intact multi-differentiation potential, and could be sub-cultured to form new tumor spheres, which indicates the CSCs capacity for self-renewal. In addition, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis rate of the magnetically labeled glioblastoma CSCs, and their differentiated progenies were not impaired. Therefore, the SPIO-labeled CSCs could be a feasible approach in conducting further functional analysis of targeted CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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Dejardin T, de la Fuente J, del Pino P, Furlani EP, Mullin M, Smith CA, Berry CC. Influence of both a static magnetic field and penetratin on magnetic nanoparticle delivery into fibroblasts. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1719-31. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: With regards to nanoparticles, all biomedical applications require cellular uptake, which to date remains a hurdle to further progress. This study aims to compare both the attractive force of a static magnetic field and the cell penetrating capability of penetratin; two techniques currently employed to enhance cell uptake. Materials & Methods: Fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with penetratin and cells were challenged with or without the particles in the presence/absence of a static magnetic field (350 mT). Following analysis of the magnetic field applied, cellular uptake and behavior was assessed in terms of fluorescence microscopy, clathrin and caveolin levels, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Modeling of the field applied demonstrated varying field patterns across the cell culture area, reflected by higher particle uptake at higher field strengths. Both penetratin and the magnetic field increased cell uptake with penetratin proving more efficient. Interestingly, the magnetic field stimulated clathrin-mediated endocytosis and subsequent particle uptake. Original submitted: 18th January 2011; Revised submitted: 27th April 2011
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophile Dejardin
- Center for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow University, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Pablo del Pino
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Universidad de Saragossa, Spain
| | - Edward P Furlani
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics & Biophotonics, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Margaret Mullin
- Center for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow University, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - C-A Smith
- Center for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow University, G12 8QQ, UK
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Castaneda RT, Boddington S, Henning TD, Wendland M, Mandrussow L, Liu S, Daldrup-Link H. Labeling human embryonic stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes for tracking with MR imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2011; 41:1384-92. [PMID: 21594541 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-011-2130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can generate cardiomyocytes (CM), which offer promising treatments for cardiomyopathies in children. However, challenges for clinical translation result from loss of transplanted cell from target sites and high cell death. An imaging technique that noninvasively and repetitively monitors transplanted hESC-CM could guide improvements in transplantation techniques and advance therapies. OBJECTIVE To develop a clinically applicable labeling technique for hESC-CM with FDA-approved superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) by examining labeling before and after CM differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Triplicates of hESC were labeled by simple incubation with 50 μg/ml of ferumoxides before or after differentiation into CM, then imaged on a 7T MR scanner using a T2-weighted multi-echo spin-echo sequence. Viability, iron uptake and T2-relaxation times were compared between groups using t-tests. RESULTS hESC-CM labeled before differentiation demonstrated significant MR effects, iron uptake and preserved function. hESC-CM labeled after differentiation showed no significant iron uptake or change in MR signal (P < 0.05). Morphology, differentiation and viability were consistent between experimental groups. CONCLUSION hESC-CM should be labeled prior to CM differentiation to achieve a significant MR signal. This technique permits monitoring delivery and engraftment of hESC-CM for potential advancements of stem cell-based therapies in the reconstitution of damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda T Castaneda
- Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5654, USA.
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Ng KM, Chan YC, Lee YK, Lai WH, Au KW, Fung ML, Siu CW, Li RA, Tse HF. Cobalt chloride pretreatment promotes cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells under atmospheric oxygen level. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:527-37. [PMID: 22029419 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated the direct involvement of the HIF-1α subunit in the promotion of cardiac differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We report the use of cobalt chloride to induce HIF-1α stabilization in human ESCs to promote cardiac differentiation. Treatment of undifferentiated hES2 human ESCs with 50 μM cobalt chloride markedly increased protein levels of the HIF-1α subunit, and was associated with increased expression of early cardiac specific transcription factors and cardiotrophic factors including NK2.5, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cardiotrophin-1. When pretreated cells were subjected to cardiac differentiation, a notable increase in the occurrence of beating embryoid bodies and sarcomeric actinin-positive cells was observed, along with increased expression of the cardiac-specific markers, MHC-A, MHC-B, and MLC2V. Electrophysiological study revealed increased atrial- and nodal-like cells in the cobalt chloride-pretreated group. Confocal calcium imaging analysis indicated that the maximum upstroke and decay velocities were significantly increased in both noncaffeine and caffeine-induced calcium transient in cardiomyocytes derived from the cobalt chloride-pretreated cells, suggesting these cells were functionally more mature. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that cobalt chloride pretreatment of hES2 human ESCs promotes cardiac differentiation and the maturation of calcium homeostasis of cardiomyocytes derived from ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwong-Man Ng
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, and Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Republic of China
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Ng KM, Lee YK, Lai WH, Chan YC, Fung ML, Tse HF, Siu CW. Exogenous expression of human apoA-I enhances cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19787. [PMID: 21589943 PMCID: PMC3092777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA-I) are well documented, but their effects in the direction of the cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells are unknown. We evaluated the effects of exogenous apoA-I expression on cardiac differentiation of ESCs and maturation of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes. We stably over-expressed full-length human apoA-I cDNA with lentivirus (LV)-mediated gene transfer in undifferentiated mouse ESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Upon cardiac differentiation, we observed a significantly higher percentage of beating embryoid bodies, an increased number of cardiomyocytes as determined by flow cytometry, and expression of cardiac markers including α-myosin heavy chain, β-myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain 2 ventricular transcripts in LV-apoA-I transduced ESCs compared with control (LV-GFP). In the presence of noggin, a BMP4 antagonist, activation of BMP4-SMAD signaling cascade in apoA-I transduced ESCs completely abolished the apoA-I stimulated cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, co-application of recombinant apoA-I and BMP4 synergistically increased the percentage of beating EBs derived from untransduced D3 ESCs. These together suggests that that pro-cardiogenic apoA-I is mediated via the BMP4-SMAD signaling pathway. Functionally, cardiomyocytes derived from the apoA-I-transduced cells exhibited improved calcium handling properties in both non-caffeine and caffeine-induced calcium transient, suggesting that apoA-I plays a role in enhancing cardiac maturation. This increased cardiac differentiation and maturation has also been observed in human iPSCs, providing further evidence of the beneficial effects of apoA-I in promoting cardiac differentiation. In Conclusion, we present novel experimental evidence that apoA-I enhances cardiac differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs and promotes maturation of the calcium handling property of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes via the BMP4/SMAD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwong-Man Ng
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Program, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yee-Ki Lee
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Hon Lai
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yau-Chi Chan
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Program, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Program, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Wah Siu
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Program, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Cromer Berman SM, Walczak P, Bulte JWM. Tracking stem cells using magnetic nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:343-55. [PMID: 21472999 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies offer great promise for many diseases, especially those without current effective treatments. It is believed that noninvasive imaging techniques, which offer the ability to track the status of cells after transplantation, will expedite progress in this field and help to achieve maximized therapeutic effect. Today's biomedical imaging technology allows for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of grafted stem cells including their biodistribution, migration, survival, and differentiation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of nanoparticle-labeled cells being one of the most commonly used techniques. Among the advantages of MR cell tracking are its high spatial resolution, no exposure to ionizing radiation, and clinical applicability. In order to track cells by MRI, the cells need to be labeled with magnetic nanoparticles, for which many types exist. There are several cellular labeling techniques available, including simple incubation, use of transfection agents, magnetoelectroporation, and magnetosonoporation. In this overview article, we will review the use of different magnetic nanoparticles and discuss how these particles can be used to track the distribution of transplanted cells in different organ systems. Caveats and limitations inherent to the tracking of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Cromer Berman
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ouabain facilitates cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells through ERK1/2 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:52-61. [PMID: 21151160 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the cardiotonic steroid, ouabain, on cardiac differentiation of murine embyronic stem cells (mESCs). METHODS Cardiac differentiation of murine ESCs was enhanced by standard hanging drop method in the presence of ouabain (20 μmol/L) for 7 d. The dissociated ES derived cardiomyocytes were examined by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and confocal calcium imaging. RESULTS Compared with control, mESCs treated with ouabain (20 μmol/L) yielded a significantly higher percentage of cardiomyocytes, and significantly increased expression of a panel of cardiac markers including Nkx 2.5, α-MHC, and β-MHC. The α1 and 2- isoforms Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, on which ouabain acted, were also increased in mESCs during differentiation. Among the three MAPKs involved in the cardiac hypertrophy pathway, ouabain enhanced ERK1/2 activation. Blockage of the Erk1/2 pathway by U0126 (10 μmol/L) inhibited cardiac differentiation while ouabain (20 μmol/L) rescued the effect. Interestingly, the expression of calcium handling proteins, including ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and sacroplasmic recticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2a) was also upregulated in ouabain-treated mESCs. ESC-derived cardiomyocyes (CM) treated with ouabain appeared to have more mature calcium handling. As demonstrated by confocal Ca(2+) imaging, cardiomyocytes isolated from ouabain-treated mESCs exhibited higher maximum upstroke velocity (P<0.01) and maximum decay velocity (P<0.05), as well as a higher amplitude of caffeine induced Ca(2+) transient (P<0.05), suggesting more mature sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). CONCLUSION Ouabain induces cardiac differentiation and maturation of mESC-derived cardiomyocytes via activation of Erk1/2 and more mature SR for calcium handling.
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Lee YK, Ng KM, Chan YC, Lai WH, Au KW, Ho CYJ, Wong LY, Lau CP, Tse HF, Siu CW. Triiodothyronine promotes cardiac differentiation and maturation of embryonic stem cells via the classical genomic pathway. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1728-36. [PMID: 20667986 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes and thus represent a promising cell source for cardiac regenerative therapy. Nevertheless, the therapeutic application of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes is limited by the low efficacy of the current protocol for cardiac differentiation and their immature phenotypes. Although thyroid hormone is essential for normal cardiac development and function, its role in the cardiac differentiation of ESCs, as well as the maturation of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, remains unclear. In this study, we examined the cardiac differentiation of murine ESCs in the presence of T(3) for 7 d using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, cellular electrophysiology study, and confocal calcium imaging. Compared with control conditions, T(3) supplementation increased the number of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes and was accompanied by up-regulation of a panel of cardiac markers, including Nkx2.5, myosin light chain-2V, as well as alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain. More importantly, electrophysiological study revealed that ESC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited more adult-like phenotypes after T(3) supplementation based on action potential characteristics. They also exhibited more adult-like calcium homeostasis properties. These phenotypic changes were associated with up-regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase-2a and ryanodine receptor-2 expression. In addition, the classical (genomic) pathway was shown to be involved in T(3)-induced cardiac differentiation of ESCs. Our results show that T(3) supplementation promotes cardiac differentiation of ESCs and enhances maturation of electrophysiological, as well as calcium homeostasis, properties of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ki Lee
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Yang JX, Tang WL, Wang XX. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles may affect endothelial progenitor cell migration ability and adhesion capacity. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:251-9. [PMID: 20196696 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903446910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles enables non-invasive tracking of transplanted cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SPIO nanoparticles have an effect on endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functional activity and the feasibility of a protocol for labeling swine- and rat-origin EPC using SPIO nanoparticles at an optimized low dosage. METHODS EPC were isolated from the peripheral blood of swine and bone marrow of rat and characterized. After ex vivo cultivation, EPC were labeled with SPIO nanoparticles (to make a series of final concentrations, 50, 100, 200 and 400 microg/mL) or vehicle control. We also investigated the long-term effects of 200 microg/mL SPIO nanoparticles on EPC (4, 8, 12 and 16 days after labeling). The labeling efficiency was tested through Prussian blue (PB) staining and the intracellular iron uptake was also measured quantitatively and confirmed. EPC proliferation and migration were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and transwell chamber assay, respectively. An EPC adhesion assay was performed by replating the cells on fibronectin-coated dishes and then counting the adherent cells. EPC apoptosis was evaluated using an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis kit. RESULTS SPIO nanoparticles impaired EPC migration and promoted EPC adhesion. EPC proliferation and apoptosis were not affected. SPIO nanoparticles could label EPC efficiently at 200 microg/mL overnight without significantly affecting EPC functional activity. CONCLUSIONS SPIO nanoparticles impaired the EPC migration ability and promoted the EPC adhesion capacity. EPC could be labeled efficiently at an appropriate concentration (200 microg/mL) without significantly affecting their functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ransohoff KJ, Wu JC. Advances in cardiovascular molecular imaging for tracking stem cell therapy. Thromb Haemost 2010; 104:13-22. [PMID: 20458434 DOI: 10.1160/th09-08-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality rate associated with cardiovascular disease is partially due to the lack of proliferative cells in the heart. Without adequate repair following myocardial infarction, progressive dilation can lead to heart failure. Stem cell therapies present one promising option for treating cardiovascular disease, though the specific mechanisms by which they benefit the heart remain unclear. Before stem cell therapies can be used safely in human populations, their biology must be investigated using innovative technologies such as multi-modality molecular imaging. The present review will discuss the basic principles, labelling techniques, clinical applications, and drawbacks associated with four major modalities: radionuclide imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, bioluminescence imaging, and fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Ransohoff
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA.
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Cheng K, Li TS, Malliaras K, Davis DR, Zhang Y, Marbán E. Magnetic targeting enhances engraftment and functional benefit of iron-labeled cardiosphere-derived cells in myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2010; 106:1570-81. [PMID: 20378859 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.212589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The success of cardiac stem cell therapies is limited by low cell retention, due at least in part to washout via coronary veins. OBJECTIVE We sought to counter the efflux of transplanted cells by rendering them magnetically responsive and imposing an external magnetic field on the heart during and immediately after injection. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) were labeled with superparamagnetic microspheres (SPMs). In vitro studies revealed that cell viability and function were minimally affected by SPM labeling. SPM-labeled rat CDCs were injected intramyocardially, with and without a superimposed magnet. With magnetic targeting, cells were visibly attracted toward the magnet and accumulated around the ischemic zone. In contrast, the majority of nontargeted cells washed out immediately after injection. Fluorescence imaging revealed more retention of transplanted cells in the heart, and less migration into other organs, in the magnetically targeted group. Quantitative PCR confirmed that magnetic targeting enhanced cell retention (at 24 hours) and engraftment (at 3 weeks) in the recipient hearts by approximately 3-fold compared to nontargeted cells. Morphometric analysis revealed maximal attenuation of left ventricular remodeling, and echocardiography showed the greatest functional improvement, in the magnetic targeting group. Histologically, more engrafted cells were evident with magnetic targeting, but there was no incremental inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic targeting enhances cell retention, engraftment and functional benefit. This novel method to improve cell therapy outcomes offers the potential for rapid translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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El-Sadik AO, El-Ansary A, Sabry SM. Nanoparticle-labeled stem cells: a novel therapeutic vehicle. Clin Pharmacol 2010; 2:9-16. [PMID: 22291483 PMCID: PMC3262361 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s8931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been described as a general purpose technology. It has already generated a range of inventions and innovations. Development of nanotechnology will provide clinical medicine with a range of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities such as medical imaging, medical diagnosis, drug delivery, and cancer detection and management. Nanoparticles such as manganese, polystyrene, silica, titanium oxide, gold, silver, carbon, quantum dots, and iron oxide have received enormous attention in the creation of new types of analytical tools for biotechnology and life sciences. Labeling of stem cells with nanoparticles overcame the problems in homing and fixing stem cells to their desired site and guiding extension of stem cells to specific directions. Although the biologic effects of some nanoparticles have already been assessed, information on toxicity and possible mechanisms of various particle types remains inadequate. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the mechanisms of internalization and distribution of nanoparticles inside stem cells, as well as the influence of different types of nanoparticles on stem cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and cytotoxicity, and to assess the role of nanoparticles in tracking the fate of stem cells used in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir O El-Sadik
- Stem Cell Unit, Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Health Science Colleges, Cairo, Egypt.
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Iancu C, Ilie IR, Georgescu CE, Ilie R, Biris AR, Mocan T, Mocan LC, Zaharie F, Todea-Iancu D, Susman S, Ciuca DR, Biris AS. Applications of Nanomaterials in Cell Stem Therapies and the Onset of Nanomedicine. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02726350903328985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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