1
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Shcheblyakov DV, Voronina DV, Favorskaya IA, Esmagambetov IB, Alekseeva IA, Korobkova AI, Ryabova EI, Derkaev AA, Kan VY, Dzharullaeva AS, Tukhvatulin AI, Bandelyuk AS, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Broadly Reactive Nanobody Targeting the H3 Hemagglutinin of the Influenza A Virus. Acta Naturae 2024; 16:101-110. [PMID: 38698957 PMCID: PMC11062109 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antibody fragments are a very promising therapeutic tool to combat infectious diseases. Due to their unique paratope structure, nanobodies (VHHs) hold several advantages over conventional monoclonal antibodies, especially in relation to viral infections. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a major threat to public health. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the main protective and immunodominant antigen of IAVs. In this study, three broadly reactive nanobodies (D9.2, E12.2, and D4.2) to H3N2 influenza strains were isolated and Fc-fusion proteins (VHH-Fcs) were obtained and characterized in vitro. This modification improved the nanobodies' binding activity and allowed for their interaction with a wider range of strains. The D9.2-Fc antibody showed a 100% protection rate against mortality in vivo in a mouse lethal model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the observed protection has to do with Fc-FcγR interactions. These results indicate that D9.2-Fc can serve as an effective antiviral agent against the H3N2 influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Shcheblyakov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - D. V. Voronina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - I. A. Favorskaya
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - I. B. Esmagambetov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - I. A. Alekseeva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. I. Korobkova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - E. I. Ryabova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, 109472 Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Derkaev
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - V. Yu. Kan
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. Sh. Dzharullaeva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. I. Tukhvatulin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. S. Bandelyuk
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - M. M. Shmarov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - D. Yu. Logunov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
| | - A. L. Gintsburg
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation
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2
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Yasuhara A, Yamayoshi S, Kiso M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Okuda M, Kawaoka Y. A broadly protective human monoclonal antibody targeting the sialidase activity of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6602. [PMID: 36329075 PMCID: PMC9632566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved vaccines and antiviral agents that provide better, broader protection against seasonal and emerging influenza viruses are needed. The viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is a primary target for the development of universal influenza vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. The other major surface antigen, neuraminidase (NA), has been less well studied as a potential target and fewer broadly reactive anti-NA antibodies have been identified. In this study, we isolate three human monoclonal antibodies that recognize NA from A/H1N1 subtypes, and find that one of them, clone DA03E17, binds to the NA of A/H3N2, A/H5N1, A/H7N9, B/Ancestral-lineage, B/Yamagata-lineage, and B/Victoria-lineage viruses. DA03E17 inhibits the neuraminidase activity by direct binding to the enzyme active site, and provides in vitro and in vivo protection against infection with several types of influenza virus. This clone could, therefore, be useful as a broadly protective therapeutic agent. Moreover, the neutralizing epitope of DA03E17 could be useful in the development of an NA-based universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Research Center for Global Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Okuda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Research Center for Global Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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3
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Kotaki T, Kurosu T, Grinyo-Escuer A, Davidson E, Churrotin S, Okabayashi T, Puiprom O, Mulyatno KC, Sucipto TH, Doranz BJ, Ono KI, Soegijanto S, Kameoka M. An affinity-matured human monoclonal antibody targeting fusion loop epitope of dengue virus with in vivo therapeutic potency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12987. [PMID: 34155267 PMCID: PMC8217507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), from the genus flavivirus of the family flaviviridae, causes serious health problems globally. Human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAb) can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of DENV infections, leading to the development of a vaccine or therapeutic antibodies. Here, we generated eight HuMAb clones from an Indonesian patient infected with DENV. These HuMAbs exhibited the typical characteristics of weak neutralizing antibodies including high cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses and targeting of the fusion loop epitope (FLE). However, one of the HuMAbs, 3G9, exhibited strong neutralization (NT50 < 0.1 μg/ml) and possessed a high somatic hyper-mutation rate of the variable region, indicating affinity-maturation. Administration of this antibody significantly prolonged the survival of interferon-α/β/γ receptor knockout C57BL/6 mice after a lethal DENV challenge. Additionally, Fc-modified 3G9 that had lost their in vitro ADE activity showed enhanced therapeutic potency in vivo and competed strongly with an ADE-prone antibody in vitro. Taken together, the affinity-matured FLE-targeting antibody 3G9 exhibits promising features for therapeutic application including a low NT50 value, potential for treatment of various kinds of mosquito-borne flavivirus infection, and suppression of ADE. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potency of affinity-matured FLE-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Siti Churrotin
- Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orapim Puiprom
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kris Cahyo Mulyatno
- Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Hari Sucipto
- Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Ken-Ichiro Ono
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soegeng Soegijanto
- Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
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4
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Matsumura T, Amatsu S, Misaki R, Yutani M, Du A, Kohda T, Fujiyama K, Ikuta K, Fujinaga Y. Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies Effectively Neutralizing Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype B. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050302. [PMID: 32392791 PMCID: PMC7291131 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most potent natural toxin known. Of the seven BoNT serotypes (A to G), types A, B, E, and F cause human botulism. Treatment of human botulism requires the development of effective toxin-neutralizing antibodies without side effects such as serum sickness and anaphylaxis. In this study, we generated fully human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against serotype B BoNT (BoNT/B1) using a murine–human chimera fusion partner cell line named SPYMEG. Of these HuMAbs, M2, which specifically binds to the light chain of BoNT/B1, showed neutralization activity in a mouse bioassay (approximately 10 i.p. LD50/100 µg of antibody), and M4, which binds to the C-terminal of heavy chain, showed partial protection. The combination of two HuMAbs, M2 (1.25 µg) and M4 (1.25 µg), was able to completely neutralize BoNT/B1 (80 i.p. LD50) with a potency greater than 80 i.p. LD50/2.5 µg of antibodies, and was effective both prophylactically and therapeutically in the mouse model of botulism. Moreover, this combination showed broad neutralization activity against three type B subtypes, namely BoNT/B1, BoNT/B2, and BoNT/B6. These data demonstrate that the combination of M2 and M4 is promising in terms of a foundation for new human therapeutics for BoNT/B intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Matsumura
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.M.); (S.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sho Amatsu
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.M.); (S.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Ryo Misaki
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Masahiro Yutani
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.M.); (S.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Anariwa Du
- Department of Virology, Center for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.D.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomoko Kohda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Rinkuouraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Center for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.D.); (K.I.)
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yukako Fujinaga
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.M.); (S.A.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-265-2200
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5
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Poursiami M, Moazen S, Nejatollahi F, Moatari A. Isolation of Neutralizing Human Single Chain Antibodies Against Conserved Hemagglutinin Epitopes of Influenza a Virus H3N2 Strain. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:301-309. [PMID: 32274402 PMCID: PMC7103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapies using monoclonal antibodies against influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) has been an effective means for controlling Influenza spread. An alternative method for viral prophylaxis and treatment is the development of human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies with no human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response and high specificity. In the present study, two highly conserved sequences of HA were used to select specific neutralizing scFvs against H3N2 strain of influenza A virus. METHODS Biopanning process was performed to isolate specific scFv antibodies against highly conserved HA sequences, aa173-181 and 227-239, of the influenza A H3N2 strain from a scFv library. The peptide-binding specificity of the selected clones was examined via phage ELISA. The soluble forms of the clones were prepared and assessed using western blot analysis and neutralization efficiency of the selected clones were examined by TCID50 neutralizing assay and real-time PCR. RESULTS scFv 1 and scFv 2 were selected against HA of H3N2 influenza A virus with frequencies of 95% and 30% in the panning process, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed the scFv band size. Significant neutralization in the presence of scFv 1 and scFv 2 were obtained. Real time PCR revealed significant decrease in viral copy number. CONCLUSION Two specific neutralizing scFvs against two highly conserved neutralizing epitopes of the influenza A virus HA glycoprotein were selected. A strong neutralization effect of scFv1, showed the potential of this antibody for H3N2 influenza A controlling in the viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Poursiami
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Setareh Moazen
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afagh Moatari
- Department of Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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6
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Yamada S, Yasuhara A, Kawaoka Y. Soluble Recombinant Hemagglutinin Protein of H1N1pdm09 Influenza Virus Elicits Cross-Protection Against a Lethal H5N1 Challenge in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2031. [PMID: 31551968 PMCID: PMC6737379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, influenza vaccines are produced using embryonated chicken eggs. Recently, recombinant influenza vaccines have been developed as a potential alternative to egg-grown vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of soluble recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) protein produced in human cell culture (Expi293F cells) as an influenza vaccine against homosubtypic and heterosubtypic influenza virus challenges in mice. Mice were immunized intramuscularly with purified soluble HA protein of H1N1pdm09 virus and then challenged with a lethal dose of H1N1pdm09, seasonal H3N2, or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. Vaccinated mice showed better morbidity than mock-vaccinated mice following H1N1pdm09 challenge. By contrast, all mice died following H3N2 challenge. Interestingly, all vaccinated mice survived challenge with H5N1 virus, whereas all mock-vaccinated mice died. These results suggest that intramuscular immunization with recombinant HA proteins produced in Expi 293F cells could be of value in influenza vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamada
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Subclade 2.2.1-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize an Epitope in Antigenic Site A of Influenza A(H5) Virus HA Detected between 2015 and 2018. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040321. [PMID: 30987023 PMCID: PMC6521261 DOI: 10.3390/v11040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian H5 influenza viruses persist among poultry and wild birds throughout the world. They sometimes cause interspecies transmission between avian and mammalian hosts. H5 viruses possessing the HA of subclade 2.3.4.4, 2.3.2.1, 2.2.1, or 7.2 were detected between 2015 and 2018. To understand the neutralizing epitopes of H5-HA, we characterized 15 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HA of H5 viruses, which were obtained from volunteers who received the H5N1 vaccine that contains a subclade 2.2.1 or 2.1.3.2 virus as an antigen. Twelve mAbs were specific for the HA of subclade 2.2.1, two mAbs were specific for the HA of subclade 2.1.3.2, and one mAb was specific for the HA of both. Of the 15 mAbs analyzed, nine, which were specific for the HA of subclade 2.2.1, and shared the VH and VL genes, possessed hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing activities, whereas the others did not. A single amino acid substitution or insertion at positions 144–147 in antigenic site A conferred resistance against these nine mAbs to the subclade 2.2.1 viruses. The amino acids at positions 144–147 are highly conserved among subclade 2.2.1, but differ from those of other subclades. These results show that the neutralizing epitope including amino acids at positions 144–147 is targeted by human antibodies, and plays a role in the antigenic difference between subclade 2.2.1 and other subclades.
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8
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Antigenic drift originating from changes to the lateral surface of the neuraminidase head of influenza A virus. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1024-1034. [PMID: 30886361 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses possess two surface glycoproteins, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA). Although haemagglutinin plays a major role as a protective antigen, immunity to NA also contributes to protection. The NA protein consists of a stalk and a head portion, the latter of which possesses enzymatic NA (or sialidase) activity. Like haemagglutinin, NA is under immune pressure, which leads to amino acid alterations and antigenic drift. Amino acid changes accumulate around the enzymatic active site, which is located at the top of the NA head. However, amino acid alterations also accumulate at the lateral surface of the NA head. The reason for this accumulation remains unknown. Here, we isolated seven anti-NA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from individuals infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. We found that amino acid mutations on the lateral surface of the NA head abolished the binding of all of these mAbs. All seven mAbs activated Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated signalling pathways in effector cells and five mAbs possessed NA inhibition activity, but the other two did not; however, all seven protected mice from lethal challenge infection through their NA inhibition activity and/or FcγR-mediated antiviral activity. Serological analysis of individuals infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus revealed that some possessed or acquired the anti-NA-lateral-surface antibodies following infection. We also found antigenic drift on the lateral surface of the NA head of isolates from 2009 and 2015. Our results demonstrate that anti-lateral-surface mAbs without NA inhibition activity can provide protection by activating FcγR-mediated antiviral activity and can drive antigenic drift at the lateral surface of the NA head. These findings have implications for NA antigenic characterization in that they demonstrate that traditional NA inhibition assays are inadequate to fully characterize NA antigenicity.
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9
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Yasuhara A, Yamayoshi S, Ito M, Kiso M, Yamada S, Kawaoka Y. Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Hemagglutinin Receptor-Binding Site and Rarely Yield Escape Mutant Viruses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2660. [PMID: 30443246 PMCID: PMC6222141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus rapidly mutates to escape from antibodies. Here, we isolated and characterized three human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Generation of escape mutant viruses suggested that these antibodies recognized conserved residues of the receptor-binding site (RBS) of hemagglutinin (HA) and that mutant viruses that escaped from these mAbs rarely appeared. Moreover, the escape mutant viruses grew significantly slower than wild-type virus, indicating their reduced fitness. These results indicate that these three human mAbs against the RBS of HA have the potential to be anti-influenza agents with a low propensity for the development of resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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10
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Yamayoshi S, Yasuhara A, Ito M, Uraki R, Kawaoka Y. Differences in the ease with which mutant viruses escape from human monoclonal antibodies against the HA stem of influenza A virus. J Clin Virol 2018; 108:105-111. [PMID: 30292135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broadly protective human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the conserved epitopes in the HA of influenza A virus are being developed as therapeutic agents. Emergence of resistant viruses must always be considered when developing therapeutic agents against influenza. OBJECTIVES We examined human hetero-reactive mAbs against the HA stem of influenza A virus for the ease with which escape mutant viruses emerged. STUDY DESIGN We attempted to generate the mutant viruses escaped from the hetero-reactive anti-HA stem antibodies. We also evaluated their protective efficacy, binding affinity, and epitopes. RESULTS We obtained several human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that react with the HA of different HA subtypes of influenza A virus belonging to group 1. Upon attempting to generate escape mutant viruses, we found that the ease with which such viruses emerged differed among the mAbs; viruses barely escaped from two of the mAbs (clones S9-3-37 and F20C77), whereas escape from the third mAb (clone F5B7) occurred readily. Comparisons of the mAbs revealed that the HA stem epitopes, in vitro neutralization potency, binding affinity to H1-HA, and protective efficacy against lethal challenge with H1N1pdm09 virus were all comparable. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the importance of determining the ease with which escape mutant viruses emerge when evaluating anti-HA stem antibodies as antiviral agents during preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
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11
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Soni P, Yasuhara A, Takenaga T, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Uraki R, Ito M, Sasaki T, Ikuta K, Yamayoshi S, Kawaoka Y. Evaluation of the fusion partner cell line SPYMEG for obtaining human monoclonal antibodies against influenza B virus. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1020-1024. [PMID: 29669959 PMCID: PMC6021880 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus has been known to infect humans and other animals, including seals.
Vaccination efficacy varies across seasons. Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be
useful for developing novel vaccines, guided by epitope analysis, and can be used
therapeutically. Hybridoma technology has been used to make mAbs. Here we evaluated SPYMEG
as a fusion partner cell line for human mAb generation specific to influenza B
hemagglutinin (HA). SPYMEG is a human/murine myeloma partner cell line that has previously
been used to generate human mAbs that recognize the HA of influenza A and B viruses.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 16 volunteers, previously vaccinated
with the 2014–2015 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, and were fused with SPYMEG to
yield hybridomas. The resulting hybridomas were screened for antigen-specific antibody
secretion and cloned by limiting dilution. We obtained 32 stable clones secreting
anti-influenza B HA human IgG, although most of these clones were obtained from one
volunteer (SeaV-29) who had a robust immune response. We conclude that SPYMEG is a good
fusion partner cell line, although cloning by limiting dilution may lead to significant
loss of hybridomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Soni
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toru Takenaga
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, U.S.A.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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12
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Diversity of antigenic mutants of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus escaped from human monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17735. [PMID: 29255273 PMCID: PMC5735164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2017 Southern Hemisphere influenza season, the A(H1N1)pdm09-like virus recommended for use in the vaccine was changed because human, but not ferret, sera distinguish A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated after 2013 from the previously circulating strains. An amino acid substitution, lysine to glutamine, at position 166 (H3 numbering) in the major antigenic site of HA was reported to be responsible for the antigenic drift. Here, we obtained two anti-A(H1N1)pdm09 HA monoclonal antibodies that failed to neutralize viruses isolated after 2013 from a vaccinated volunteer. Escape mutations were identified at position 129, 165, or 166 in the major antigenic site of HA. Competitive growth of the escape mutant viruses with the wild-type virus revealed that some escape mutants possessing an amino acid substitution other than K166Q showed superior growth to that of the wild-type virus. These results suggest that in addition to the K166Q mutation that occurred in epidemic strains, other HA mutations can confer resistance to antibodies that recognize the K166 area, leading to emergence of epidemic strains with such mutations.
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13
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Human protective monoclonal antibodies against the HA stem of group 2 HAs derived from an H3N2 virus-infected human. J Infect 2017; 76:177-185. [PMID: 29248585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies against the HA stem of influenza A virus are being developed as therapeutic agents as well as to understand the epitopes that are essential for a universal influenza virus vaccine. METHODS We isolated and characterized two hetero-reactive human monoclonal antibodies from an H3N2 virus-infected human. RESULTS These antibodies, which are predominantly bound to the HA stem of group 2 HAs, used IGHV3-66 and IGHV4-38-2 germline genes, respectively. They possessed in vitro neutralizing ability, and in vivo protective efficacy against lethal infection with H3N2 or H7N9 virus. Escape mutations revealed that one of the protective antibodies recognized the α-helix A of HA2, and the other recognized the C-terminal portion of the fusion peptide and the β-sheet that precedes the α-helix A of HA2. CONCLUSIONS Of many human protective monoclonal antibodies against the HA stem, two human protective monoclonal antibodies were isolated in this study that predominantly recognize epitopes on the HA stem of group 2 and use unique IGHV3-66 and IGHV4-38-2 germline genes.
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14
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Hiroi S, Kuhara M, Kishi Y, Ono KI, Matsuzawa S, Yamamoto N, Komano J. Human monoclonal antibodies neutralizing influenza virus A/H1N1pdm09 and seasonal A/H1N1 strains - Distinct Ig gene repertoires with a similar action mechanism. Immunobiology 2017; 223:319-326. [PMID: 29107382 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus causes acute respiratory infection in humans, and is a major public health concern globally. Antibodies play a central role in host protection against influenza virus. We isolated human monoclonal antibodies (hMAb) 206-2-4 and 201-6-8 by a human hybridoma protocol that neutralized various but distinct influenza virus (IFV) A/H1N1 strains, including 2009 pandemic strains. The half-inhibitory concentration of 206-2-4 and 201-6-8 against A/H1N1pdm09 strains was 2-100ng/mL and 5-20μg/mL, respectively. Prophylactic and therapeutic potencies of 206-2-4 were demonstrated in a mouse model of IFV infection at i.p. dosages of 0.25 and 2.5mg/kg, respectively, suggesting that 206-2-4 is one of the most potent hnMAbs against IFV reported thus far. The Ig genes of 206-2-4 and 201-6-8 were originated from distinct germ line repertoires, and accompanied by 63 and 23 somatic hypermutations, respectively. The hemagglutination inhibitory activity indicated that the mechanism of neutralization was to interfere the virus-receptor interaction. The binding epitope of the two antibodies was mapped to hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) amino acid residues 111-120. Additional interaction between the antibody and the HA1 globular head was necessary for neutralization. Such hnMAbs bearing distinct binding epitope have been rarely reported. The potency is likely due to the coverage of a wide surface area of HA protein by these hnMABs. IFV is a highly variable. Our knowledge on the mechanisms by which these cross-reactive hnMAbs function should help design a novel immunogen for the development of a vaccine effective against broader spectrum of IFV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hiroi
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 3-69, Nakamachi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Motoki Kuhara
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Technical Development Department, 1063-103, Terasawaoka, Ina, Nagano, 396-0002 Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kishi
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Technical Development Department, 1063-103, Terasawaoka, Ina, Nagano, 396-0002 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Ono
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Technical Development Department, 1063-103, Terasawaoka, Ina, Nagano, 396-0002 Japan
| | - Shun Matsuzawa
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Technical Development Department, 1063-103, Terasawaoka, Ina, Nagano, 396-0002 Japan
| | - Naomasa Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1, Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Komano
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 3-69, Nakamachi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Research Center. 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya Medical Center. 1-1 4-chome, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan.
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15
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Divergent Requirement of Fc-Fcγ Receptor Interactions for In Vivo Protection against Influenza Viruses by Two Pan-H5 Hemagglutinin Antibodies. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02065-16. [PMID: 28331095 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02065-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Fc-Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interactions are required for in vivo protection against influenza viruses by broadly reactive anti-hemagglutinin (HA) stem, but not virus strain-specific, anti-receptor binding site (RBS), antibodies (Abs). Since only a few Abs recognizing epitopes in the head region but outside the RBS have been tested against single-challenge virus strains, it remains unknown whether Fc-FcγR interactions are required for in vivo protection by Abs recognizing epitopes outside the RBS and whether the requirement is virus strain specific or epitope specific. In the present study, we therefore investigated the requirements for in vivo protection using two pan-H5 Abs, 65C6 and 100F4. We generated chimeric Abs, 65C6/IgG2a and 100F4/IgG2a, which preferentially engage activating FcγRs, and isogenic forms, 65C6/D265A and 100F4/D265A, which do not bind FcγR. Virus neutralizing activity, binding, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and in vivo protection of these Abs were compared using three H5 strains, A/Shenzhen/406H/2006 (SZ06), A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006 (SX06), and A/chicken/Netherlands/14015526/2014 (NE14). We found that all four chimeric Abs bound and neutralized the SZ06 and NE14 strains but poorly inhibited the SX06 strain. 65C6/IgG2a and 100F4/IgG2a, but not 65C6/D265A and 100F4/D265A, mediated ADCC against target cells expressing HA derived from all three virus strains. Interestingly, both 65C6/IgG2a and 65C6/D265A demonstrated comparable protection against all three virus strains in vivo; however, 100F4/IgG2a, but not 100F4/D265A, showed in vivo protection. Thus, we conclude that Fc-FcγR interactions are required for in vivo protection by 100F4, but not by 65C6, and therefore, protection is not virus strain specific but epitope specific.IMPORTANCE Abs play an important role in immune protection against influenza virus infection. Fc-FcγR interactions are required for in vivo protection by broadly neutralizing antistem, but not by virus strain-specific, anti-receptor binding site (RBS), Abs. Whether such interactions are necessary for protection by Abs that recognize epitopes outside RBS is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated in vivo protection mechanisms against three H5 strains by two pan-H5 Abs, 65C6 and 100F4. We show that although these two Abs have similar neutralizing, binding, and ADCC activities against all three H5 strains in vitro, they have divergent requirements for Fc-FcγR interactions to protect against the three H5 strains in vivo The Fc-FcγR interactions are required for in vivo protection by 100F4, but not by 65C6. Thus, we conclude that Fc-FcγR interactions for in vivo protection by pan-H5 Abs is not strain specific, but epitope specific.
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16
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Yamayoshi S, Uraki R, Ito M, Kiso M, Nakatsu S, Yasuhara A, Oishi K, Sasaki T, Ikuta K, Kawaoka Y. A Broadly Reactive Human Anti-hemagglutinin Stem Monoclonal Antibody That Inhibits Influenza A Virus Particle Release. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:182-191. [PMID: 28286060 PMCID: PMC5360590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) stem of influenza A virus have been developed for therapeutic applications. These antibodies typically inhibit viral entry steps, especially the HA conformational change that is required for membrane fusion. To better understand the mechanisms by which such antibodies inhibit viral replication, we established broadly reactive human anti-HA stem antibodies and determined the properties of these antibodies by examining their reactivity with 18 subtypes of HA, evaluating their in vivo protective efficacy, identifying their epitopes, and characterizing their inhibitory mechanisms. Among the eight human monoclonal antibodies we generated, which recognized at least 3 subtypes of the soluble HA antigens tested, clone S9-1-10/5-1 reacted with 18 subtypes of HA and protected mice from lethal infection with H1N1pdm09, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9 viruses. This antibody recognized the HA2 helix A in the HA stem, and inhibited virus particle release from infected cells but did not block viral entry completely. These results show that broadly reactive human anti-HA stem antibodies can exhibit protective efficacy by inhibiting virus particle release. These findings expand our knowledge of the mechanisms by which broadly reactive stem-targeting antibodies inhibit viral replication and provide valuable information for universal vaccine development. A broadly mouse-protective anti-HA stem antibody, S9-1-10/5-1, was isolated. S9-1-10/5-1 mainly inhibited virus release rather than virus entry. S9-1-10/5-1 tethers virions via crosslinking HA molecules between neighboring virions.
Broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies against the influenza HA stem have received attention because of their potential utility against multiple HA subtypes. Some of these antibodies inhibit virus entry and/or protect mice via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Here, we identified a human monoclonal antibody that suppresses virus propagation in vitro and in vivo by primarily inhibiting virus particle release. This finding provides another inhibitory mechanism of action for the anti-HA stem antibodies, indicating that the anti-HA stem antibodies could be potent anti-virals due to their pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiho Nakatsu
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Oishi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan; ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan.
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17
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Recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. Biologicals 2016; 44:394-402. [PMID: 27464991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin G, the antibodies 5E4 and 5A7 against influenza A and B virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, SPYMEG. In the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5E4 and 5A7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Our N-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 have one N-glycan and the typical mammalian-type N-glycan structures similar to those in hybridomas. However, the glycan distribution was slightly different among these antibodies. The amount of high-mannose-type structures was under 10% of the total N-glycans of recombinant 5E4 and 5A7, compared to 20% of the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas. The amount of galactosylated N-glycans was increased in recombinants. Approximately 80% of the N-glycans of all antibodies was fucosylated, and no sialylated N-glycan was found. Recombinant 5E4 and 5A7 neutralized pandemic influenza A virus specifically, and influenza B virus broadly, quite similar to the 5E4 and 5A7 produced in hybridomas, respectively. Here we demonstrated that recombinants of antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with SPYMEG have normal N-glycans and that their neutralizing activities bear comparison with those of the original antibodies.
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18
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Memczak H, Lauster D, Kar P, Di Lella S, Volkmer R, Knecht V, Herrmann A, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF, Stöcklein WFM. Anti-Hemagglutinin Antibody Derived Lead Peptides for Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Binding. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159074. [PMID: 27415624 PMCID: PMC4944999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against spike proteins of influenza are used as a tool for characterization of viruses and therapeutic approaches. However, development, production and quality control of antibodies is expensive and time consuming. To circumvent these difficulties, three peptides were derived from complementarity determining regions of an antibody heavy chain against influenza A spike glycoprotein. Their binding properties were studied experimentally, and by molecular dynamics simulations. Two peptide candidates showed binding to influenza A/Aichi/2/68 H3N2. One of them, termed PeB, with the highest affinity prevented binding to and infection of target cells in the micromolar region without any cytotoxic effect. PeB matches best the conserved receptor binding site of hemagglutinin. PeB bound also to other medical relevant influenza strains, such as human-pathogenic A/California/7/2009 H1N1, and avian-pathogenic A/Mute Swan/Rostock/R901/2006 H7N1. Strategies to improve the affinity and to adapt specificity are discussed and exemplified by a double amino acid substituted peptide, obtained by substitutional analysis. The peptides and their derivatives are of great potential for drug development as well as biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Memczak
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Volker Knecht
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Ehrentreich-Förster
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank F. Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Biosystem Integration and Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Walter F. M. Stöcklein
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Ren H, Zhou P. Epitope-focused vaccine design against influenza A and B viruses. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 42:83-90. [PMID: 27343703 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The threat of influenza A and B variants via antigenic drift and emerging novel influenza A and B strains in the human population via antigenic shift has spurred research efforts to improve upon current seasonal influenza vaccines. In recent years, a wave of novel technological breakthroughs has lead to the identification of many broadly anti-influenza hemagglutinin (HA) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the elucidation of the conserved epitopes recognized by these mAbs in both the head and the stem of HA as well as the mechanisms of inhibition. These discoveries along with an improved understanding of how the immune system responds to influenza infection and vaccination has spurred great efforts on stem-based cross-subtype ('universal') vaccine design as well as RBS-based HA subtype-specific vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ren
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Paul Zhou
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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20
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Use of Human Hybridoma Technology To Isolate Human Monoclonal Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 3:AID-0027-2014. [PMID: 26104564 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.aid-0027-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human hybridoma technique offers an important approach for isolation of human monoclonal antibodies. A diversity of approaches can be used with varying success. Recent technical advances in expanding the starting number of human antigen-specific B cells, improving fusion efficiency, and isolating new myeloma partners and new cell cloning methods have enabled the development of protocols that make the isolation of human monoclonal antibodies from blood samples feasible. Undoubtedly, additional innovations that could improve efficiency are possible.
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21
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Air GM. Influenza virus antigenicity and broadly neutralizing epitopes. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 11:113-21. [PMID: 25846699 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine formulation that would be effective against all strains of influenza virus has long been a goal of vaccine developers, but antibodies after infection or vaccination were seen to be strain specific and there was little evidence of cross-reactive antibodies that neutralized across subtypes. Recently a number of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been characterized. This review describes the different classes of broadly neutralizing antibodies and discusses the potential of their therapeutic use or for design of immunogens that induce a high proportion of broadly neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Air
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, PO Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, United States.
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22
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Boonsathorn N, Panthong S, Koksunan S, Chittaganpitch M, Phuygun S, Waicharoen S, Prachasupap A, Sasaki T, Kubota-Koketsu R, Yasugi M, Ono KI, Arai Y, Kurosu T, Sawanpanyalert P, Ikuta K, Watanabe Y. A human monoclonal antibody derived from a vaccinated volunteer recognizes heterosubtypically a novel epitope on the hemagglutinin globular head of H1 and H9 influenza A viruses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:865-70. [PMID: 25204499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most neutralizing antibodies elicited during influenza virus infection or by vaccination have a narrow spectrum because they usually target variable epitopes in the globular head region of hemagglutinin (HA). In this study, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (HuMAb), 5D7, that was prepared from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a vaccinated volunteer using the fusion method. The HuMAb heterosubtypically neutralizes group 1 influenza A viruses, including seasonal H1N1, 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) and avian H9N2, with a strong hemagglutinin inhibition activity. Selection of an escape mutant showed that the HuMAb targets a novel conformational epitope that is located in the HA head region but is distinct from the receptor binding site. Furthermore, Phe114Ile substitution in the epitope made the HA unrecognizable by the HuMAb. Amino acid residues in the predicted epitope region are also highly conserved in the HAs of H1N1 and H9N2. The HuMAb reported here may be a potential candidate for the development of therapeutic/prophylactic antibodies against H1 and H9 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphatsawan Boonsathorn
- Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumolrat Panthong
- Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarawut Koksunan
- Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Malinee Chittaganpitch
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Siripaporn Phuygun
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sunthareeya Waicharoen
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Apichai Prachasupap
- Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mayo Yasugi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Ono
- Ina Laboratory, Medical & Biological Laboratories Corporation, Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuha Arai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pathom Sawanpanyalert
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Human monoclonal antibodies derived from a patient infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A virus broadly cross-neutralize group 1 influenza viruses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:42-8. [PMID: 24858683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a continuous threat to human public health because of their ability to evolve rapidly through genetic drift and reassortment. Three human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) were generated in this study, 1H11, 2H5 and 5G2, and they cross-neutralize a diverse range of group 1 influenza A viruses, including seasonal H1N1, 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) and avian H5N1 and H9N2. The three HuMAbs were prepared by fusing peripheral blood lymphocytes from an H1N1pdm-infected patient with a newly developed fusion partner cell line, SPYMEG. All the HuMAbs had little hemagglutination inhibition activity but had strong membrane-fusion inhibition activity against influenza viruses. A protease digestion assay showed the HuMAbs targeted commonly a short α-helix region in the stalk of the hemagglutinin. Furthermore, Ile45Phe and Glu47Gly double substitutions in the α-helix region made the HA unrecognizable by the HuMAbs. These two amino acid residues are highly conserved in the HAs of H1N1, H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. The HuMAbs reported here may be potential candidates for the development of therapeutic antibodies against group 1 influenza viruses.
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24
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Chaichana P, Okabayashi T, Puiprom O, Sasayama M, Sasaki T, Yamashita A, Ramasoota P, Kurosu T, Ikuta K. Low levels of antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro using viruses and plasma from dengue patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92173. [PMID: 24642752 PMCID: PMC3958444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of dengue patients infected with any serotype of dengue virus (DENV) are asymptomatic, but the remainder may develop a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Severe cases occur more often in patients who experience a secondary infection with a different virus serotype. A phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been proposed to explain the onset of these severe cases, but the exact mechanism of ADE remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Finding Virus neutralization and ADE assays were performed using ultracentrifugation supernatants of acute-phase sera from patients with secondary infections or human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) as anti-DENV antibodies. Virus sources included infectious serum-derived viruses from the ultracentrifugation precipitates, laboratory-culture adapted DENV, or recombinant DENVs derived from patient sera. In contrast to the high levels of ADE observed with laboratory virus strains, low ADE was observed with autologous patient-derived viruses, when patient sera were used to provide the antibody component in the ADE assays. Similar results were obtained using samples from DF and DHF patients. Recombinant-viruses derived from DHF patients showed only minor differences in neutralization and ADE activity in the presence of HuMAbs or plasma derived from the same DHF patient. Conclusion/Significance Serum or plasma taken from patients during the acute phase of a secondary infection showed high levels of ADE, but no neutralization activity, when assayed in the presence of laboratory-adapted virus strains. By contrast, serum or plasma from the same patient showed high levels of neutralization activity but failed to induce significant ADE when the assays were performed with autologous virus. These results demonstrate the significance of the virus source when measuring ADE. They also suggest that repeated passage of DENV in cell culture has endowed it with the capacity to induce high levels of ADE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjaporn Chaichana
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orapim Puiprom
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mikiko Sasayama
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- JST/JICA, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- JST/JICA, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research (CEAR), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- JST/JICA, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- JST/JICA, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- JST/JICA, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Ideno S, Sakai K, Yunoki M, Kubota-Koketsu R, Inoue Y, Nakamura S, Yasunaga T, Okuno Y, Ikuta K. Immunization of rabbits with synthetic peptides derived from a highly conserved β-sheet epitope region underneath the receptor binding site of influenza A virus. Biologics 2013; 7:233-41. [PMID: 24235814 PMCID: PMC3821756 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s50870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing concern about the speed with which health care providers can administer prophylaxis and treatment in an influenza pandemic. Generally, it takes several months to manufacture an influenza vaccine by propagation of the virus in chicken eggs or cultured cells. Newer, faster protocols for the production of vaccines that induce broad-spectrum immunity are therefore highly desirable. We previously developed human monoclonal antibody B-1 that shows broadly neutralizing activity against influenza A virus H3N2. B-1 recognizes an epitope region that includes an antiparallel β-sheet structure underneath the receptor binding site of influenza hemagglutinin (HA). In this study, the efficacy of a synthetic peptide vaccine derived from this epitope region against influenza A was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two peptides were synthesized, the upper and lower peptides. These peptides comprise amino acid residues 167-187 and 225-241, respectively, of the B-1 epitope region of HA, which is involved in forming the β-sheet structure. Both peptides were then coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and the peptides, alone or in combination, were used to immunize rabbits. The resulting antibody responses were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The upper peptide, but not the lower peptide, elicited antibodies that were reactive to HA. Interestingly, the use of both peptides together could elicit antibodies with a higher reactivity to HA than either peptide alone. The antibodies were found to react to HA at the N-terminus of the upper peptide, which is exposed at the surface of trimeric HA on influenza virions. DISCUSSION The higher production of HA-reactive antibodies following immunization with both peptides suggests that the upper peptide forms the effective epitope structure in the binding state, and the lower peptide enhances the production of HA antibodies. This study could be the first step towards the development of pandemic viral vaccines that can be produced within short time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Ideno
- Infectious Pathogen Research Section, Central Research Laboratory, Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization, Kobe, Japan ; Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Yasugi M, Kubota-Koketsu R, Yamashita A, Kawashita N, Du A, Misaki R, Kuhara M, Boonsathorn N, Fujiyama K, Okuno Y, Nakaya T, Ikuta K. Emerging antigenic variants at the antigenic site Sb in pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus in Japan detected by a human monoclonal antibody. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77892. [PMID: 24147093 PMCID: PMC3797713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The swine-origin pandemic A(H1N1)2009 virus, A(H1N1)pdm09, is still circulating in parts of the human population. To monitor variants that may escape from vaccination specificity, antigenic characterization of circulating viruses is important. In this study, a hybridoma clone producing human monoclonal antibody against A(H1N1)pdm09, designated 5E4, was prepared using peripheral lymphocytes from a vaccinated volunteer. The 5E4 showed viral neutralization activity and inhibited hemagglutination. 5E4 escape mutants harbored amino acid substitutions (A189T and D190E) in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, suggesting that 5E4 recognized the antigenic site Sb in the HA protein. To study the diversity of Sb in A(H1N1)pdm09, 58 viral isolates were obtained during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 winter seasons in Osaka, Japan. Hemagglutination-inhibition titers were significantly reduced against 5E4 in the 2010/11 compared with the 2009/10 samples. Viral neutralizing titers were also significantly decreased in the 2010/11 samples. By contrast, isolated samples reacted well to ferret anti-A(H1N1)pdm09 serum from both seasons. Nonsynonymous substitution rates revealed that the variant Sb and Ca2 sequences were being positively selected between 2009/10 and 2010/11. In 7,415 HA protein sequences derived from GenBank, variants in the antigenic sites Sa and Sb increased significantly worldwide from 2009 to 2013. These results indicate that the antigenic variants in Sb are likely to be in global circulation currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Yasugi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Genome Informatics, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Department of Environmental Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anariwa Du
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Kuhara
- Ina Laboratory, Medical & Biological Laboratories Corporation, Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naphatsawan Boonsathorn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Okuno
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Cabral TM, Baig A, Berhane Y, Schmidt L, Hole K, Leith M, Kobasa D, Corbett CR. Development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the pandemic H1N1 virus (2009) using plasmid DNA immunogen. J Virol Methods 2013; 195:54-62. [PMID: 24060631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is the development and characterization of eighteen mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009). To our knowledge, this is the first report on pandemic (pH1) H1N1 MAbs developed using plasmid DNA encoding the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA). All eighteen MAbs were specific for A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009 HA. Ten MAbs were found to cross-react with A/Swine/Indiana/81 using a dot blot assay. However, there was no cross-reactivity detected against any other strains of influenza A viruses despite screening against all 16 hemagglutinin subtypes. Examination of these MAbs identified individual antibodies suitable for use in several practical applications including ELISA, immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. Analysis of the kinetics of each MAb revealed significant binding affinities (K(D)<10(-8) M) confirming the antibodies are highly specific for A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009 HA. Functional analysis demonstrated the panel of MAbs included antibodies with HA inhibition and virus neutralization activities. Not all MAbs inhibited hemagglutination or neutralized the virus. Furthermore, the panel of MAbs was not found to be cross-reactive against additional strains tested in hemagglutination inhibition assays. Finally, the MAbs were tested in competitive ELISA (cELISA) using reference serum antibodies developed against different clusters of H1 (pH1, α, β, γ, and δ). The developed MAbs outcompeted serum antibodies of pH1 in 16/18, 15/18 (γ), 3/18 (α), 2/18 (δ1) and 1/18 (β) samples. Overall, this panel of MAbs proved specific and highly sensitive for A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009 HA and could potentially serve as immunodiagnostic tools for the rapid detection of this specific strain of influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Cabral
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
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28
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Inoue Y, Kubota-Koketsu R, Yamashita A, Nishimura M, Ideno S, Ono KI, Okuno Y, Ikuta K. Induction of anti-influenza immunity by modified green fluorescent protein (GFP) carrying hemagglutinin-derived epitope structure. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4981-90. [PMID: 23264630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.420547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccination methods that can overcome the emergence of new types of influenza strains caused by escape mutations is desirable to avoid future pandemics. Here, a novel type of immunogen was designed that targeted the conformation of a highly conserved region of influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) composed of two separate sequences that associate to form an anti-parallel β-sheet structure. Our previous study identified this β-sheet region as the structural core in the epitope of a characteristic antibody (B-1) that strongly neutralizes a wide variety of strains within the H3N2 serotype, and therefore this β-sheet region was considered a good target to induce broadly reactive immunity against the influenza A virus. To design the immunogen, residues derived from the B-1 epitope were introduced directly onto a part of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), whose surface is mostly composed of β-sheets. Through site-directed mutagenesis, several modified EGFPs with an epitope-mimicking structure embedded in their surface were prepared. Two EGFP variants, differing from wild-type (parental) EGFP by only five and nine residues, induced mice to produce antibodies that specifically bind to H3-type HA and neutralize H3N2 virus. Moreover, three of five mice immunized with each of these EGFP variants followed by a booster with equivalent mCherry variants acquired anti-viral immunity against challenge with H3N2 virus at a lethal dosage. In contrast to conventional methods, such as split HA vaccine, preparation of this type of immunogen requires less time and is therefore expected to be quickly responsive to newly emerged influenza viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Inoue
- Department of Virology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases Control, Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Yasugi M, Kubota-Koketsu R, Yamashita A, Kawashita N, Du A, Sasaki T, Nishimura M, Misaki R, Kuhara M, Boonsathorn N, Fujiyama K, Okuno Y, Nakaya T, Ikuta K. Human monoclonal antibodies broadly neutralizing against influenza B virus. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003150. [PMID: 23408886 PMCID: PMC3567173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has the ability to evade host immune surveillance through rapid viral genetic drift and reassortment; therefore, it remains a continuous public health threat. The development of vaccines producing broadly reactive antibodies, as well as therapeutic strategies using human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) with global reactivity, has been gathering great interest recently. Here, three hybridoma clones producing HuMAbs against influenza B virus, designated 5A7, 3A2 and 10C4, were prepared using peripheral lymphocytes from vaccinated volunteers, and were investigated for broad cross-reactive neutralizing activity. Of these HuMAbs, 3A2 and 10C4, which recognize the readily mutable 190-helix region near the receptor binding site in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, react only with the Yamagata lineage of influenza B virus. By contrast, HuMAb 5A7 broadly neutralizes influenza B strains that were isolated from 1985 to 2006, belonging to both Yamagata and Victoria lineages. Epitope mapping revealed that 5A7 recognizes 316G, 318C and 321W near the C terminal of HA1, a highly conserved region in influenza B virus. Indeed, no mutations in the amino acid residues of the epitope region were induced, even after the virus was passaged ten times in the presence of HuMAb 5A7. Moreover, 5A7 showed significant therapeutic efficacy in mice, even when it was administered 72 hours post-infection. These results indicate that 5A7 is a promising candidate for developing therapeutics, and provide insight for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza B virus. Influenza virus is classified into types A, B and C. Influenza A virus is further divided into many subtypes, all of which exist in animals, indicating pandemic potential. By contrast, influenza B virus circulates almost exclusively in humans and, as there is no evidence for reassortment with influenza A virus, there is no indication of pandemic potential. Hence, there is far less accumulated research information regarding influenza B virus than influenza A virus. Influenza B virus, which is classified into two phylogenetic lineages, does, however, cause annual epidemics in humans and is therefore as essential to control as influenza A virus. Recently, the development of a universal vaccine and therapeutic strategies using human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) has been gathering great interest. The present study reports a HuMAb neutralizing a wide range of influenza B viruses of both lineages. This HuMAb recognizes the conserved region of hemagglutinin. Moreover, therapeutic efficacy of this HuMAb was also confirmed by in vivo animal experiments. Thus, this study provides insight for the development of broad-spectrum therapeutics and a universal prophylactic vaccine against influenza B virus.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Base Sequence
- Epitope Mapping
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Neutralization Tests
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Yasugi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Genome Informatics, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Department of Environmental Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anariwa Du
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimura
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoki Kuhara
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Ina Laboratory, Medical & Biological Laboratories Corporation, Ltd., Ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naphatsawan Boonsathorn
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, International Center of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Okuno
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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30
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Du L, Li Y, Gao J, Zhou Y, Jiang S. Potential strategies and biosafety protocols used for dual-use research on highly pathogenic influenza viruses. Rev Med Virol 2012; 22:412-9. [PMID: 22987727 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs), particularly the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, have posed a substantial threat to public health worldwide. Although the laboratory generation of the mutant influenza virus H5N1 with airborne transmissibility among mammals, which has been considered as a dual-use research, may benefit the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics against the emerging infectious agents, it may also pose threats to national biosecurity, laboratory biosafety, and/or public health. This review introduces the classification and characterization of IAVs, pinpoints historic pandemics and epidemics caused by IAVs, emphasizes the significance and necessity of biosafety, summarizes currently established biosafety-related protocols for IAV research, and provides potential strategies to improve biosafety protocols for dual-use research on the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and other emerging infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
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Setthapramote C, Sasaki T, Puiprom O, Limkittikul K, Pitaksajjakul P, Pipattanaboon C, Sasayama M, Leuangwutiwong P, Phumratanaprapin W, Chamnachanan S, Kusolsuk T, Jittmittraphap A, Asai A, Arias JF, Hirai I, Kuhara M, Okuno Y, Kurosu T, Ramasoota P, Ikuta K. Human monoclonal antibodies to neutralize all dengue virus serotypes using lymphocytes from patients at acute phase of the secondary infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:867-72. [PMID: 22713454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) has made this virus a major and growing public health concern. Generally, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies derived from primary infection play a significant role in protecting against subsequent infection with the same serotype. By contrast, these pre-existing antibodies are believed to mediate a non-protective response to subsequent heterotypic DENV infections, leading to the onset of dengue illness. In this study, we prepared hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against DENV using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients in the acute phase (around 1 week after the onset of illness) or the convalescent phase (around 2weeks after the onset of illness) of secondary infection. Interestingly, a larger number of hybridoma clones was obtained from patients in the acute phase than from those in the convalescent phase. Most HuMAbs from acute-phase infections were cross-reactive with all four DENV serotypes and showed significant neutralization activity to all four DENV serotypes. Thus, secondary DENV infection plays a significant role in stimulating memory cells to transiently increase the number of antibody-secreting plasma cells in patients in the early phase after the secondary infection. These HuMAbs will enable us to better understand the protective and pathogenic effects of DENV infection, which could vary greatly among secondarily-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanee Setthapramote
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cabral TM, Berhane Y, Schmidt L, Tracz DM, Hole K, Leith M, Corbett CR. Development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the pandemic H1N1 virus (2009). J Virol Methods 2012; 183:25-33. [PMID: 22575685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic was a major international public health crisis which caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The goal of this study was to produce anti-H1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for improving diagnostic immunological assays and to develop potential immunotherapeutics. Nine MAbs were produced after immunizing mice with recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) protein from A/California/06/09. Two spleenocyte myeloma fusions yielded 1588 hybridoma cultures. After screening the hybridoma culture supernatants for antibody reactivity to rHA, nine clones were selected for further characterization. Cross-reactivity studies of the anti-rHA antibodies against a panel of influenza viruses (H1-H16) revealed eight out of nine MAbs were specific to the pandemic H1 subtype, except for MAb F256G2sc1 which also cross-reacted with H5 subtype virus. All MAbs were of the IgG1κ isotype, except F256G2sc1 which was IgG2aκ. The anti-rHA MAbs had binding affinities to rHA that ranged from a K(D) (disassociation constant) of 1.34×10(-9)M (F255G7sc1) to the weakest affinity of 4.60×10(-8)M (F255G4sc1). Interestingly, in a plaque reduction neutralization assay, all MAbs except F255G3sc1 demonstrated neutralizing ability. Furthermore, all MAbs except F255G3sc1 and F255G9sc1 exhibited anti-hemagglutinin activity against pandemic H1N1 viruses, but not against classical North American swine influenza viruses of the same subtype. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) demonstrated that all MAbs except F255G1sc1 and F255G3sc1 were able to detect 2009 pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus- infected MDCK cells. The MAbs were also evaluated for potential use in competitive ELISA (cELISA), and with the exception of F255G3sc1, all MAbs showed competitive activity with serum collected from pigs infected with pandemic H1N1 virus (2009). The developed MAbs have demonstrated utility as immunodiagnostic and research reagents, and their neutralizing capabilities also hold potential for designing antiviral drugs against pandemic influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Cabral
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
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Suarez CE, Noh S. Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Vet Parasitol 2011; 180:109-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Analysis of antigenically important residues in human influenza A virus in terms of B-cell epitopes. J Virol 2011; 85:8548-55. [PMID: 21680505 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00579-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we undertake an analysis of the antigenicity of influenza A virus hemagglutinin. We developed a novel computational approach to the identification of antigenically active regions and showed that the amino acid substitutions between successive predominant seasonal strains form clusters that are consistent, in terms of both their location and their size, with the properties of B-cell epitopes in general and with those epitopes that have been identified experimentally in influenza A virus hemagglutinin to date. Such an interpretation provides a biologically plausible framework for an understanding of the location of antigenically important substitutions that is more specific than the canonical "antigenic site" model and provides an effective basis for deriving models that predict antigenic escape in the H3N2 subtype. Our results support recent indications that antibodies binding to the "stalk" region of hemagglutinin are found in the human population and exert evolutionary pressure on the virus. Our computational approach provides a possible method for identifying antigenic escape through evolution in this region, which in some cases will not be identified by the hemagglutinin inhibition assay.
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Cross-protection of chicken immunoglobulin Y antibodies against H5N1 and H1N1 viruses passively administered in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1083-90. [PMID: 21613458 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05075-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses remain a major threat to global health due to their ability to undergo change through antigenic drift and antigenic shift. We postulated that avian IgY antibodies represent a low-cost, effective, and well-tolerated approach that can easily be scaled up to produce enormous quantities of protective antibodies. These IgY antibodies can be administered passively in humans (orally and intranasally) and can be used quickly and safely to help in the fight against an influenza pandemic. In this study, we raised IgY antibodies against H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 influenza viruses. We demonstrated that, using whole inactivated viruses alone and in combination to immunize hens, we were able to induce a high level of anti-influenza virus IgY in the sera and eggs, which lasted for at least 2 months after two immunizations. Furthermore, we found that by use of in vitro assays to test for the ability of IgY to inhibit hemagglutination (HI test) and virus infectivity (serum neutralization test), IgYs inhibited the homologous as well as in some cases heterologous clades and strains of viruses. Using an in vivo mouse model system, we found that, when administered intranasally 1 h prior to infection, IgY to H5N1 protected 100% of the mice against lethal challenge with H5N1. Of particular interest was the finding that IgY to H5N1 cross-protected against A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) both in vitro and in vivo. Based on our results, we conclude that anti-influenza virus IgY can be used to help prevent influenza virus infection.
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Jiang S, Li R, Du L, Liu S. Roles of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus in viral entry and development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Protein Cell 2010; 1:342-354. [PMID: 21203946 PMCID: PMC4728157 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics caused by influenza A virus (IAV) has resulted in millions of deaths in the world. The development of anti-IAV vaccines and therapeutics is urgently needed for prevention and treatment of IAV infection and for controlling future influenza pandemics. Hemagglutinin (HA) of IAV plays a critical role in viral binding, fusion and entry, and contains the major neutralizing epitopes. Therefore, HA is an attractive target for developing anti-IAV drugs and vaccines. Here we have reviewed the recent progress in study of conformational changes of HA during viral fusion process and development of HA-based antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Jiang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Runming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Abstract
The potential for antibodies to act as "magic bullets" for treatment of human disease was recognized a century ago, but its full realization has began to occur only during the last decade. A key to their current success is the ability to make libraries of antibodies/B cells, isolate a single species, and engineer it to be safe, efficacious and of high quality. Despite this progress, major challenges to the effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a vast majority of diseases remain. Limited success in the development of effective vaccines against diseases such as AIDS and cancer reflects our incomplete understanding of how antibodies are generated and function. Only a miniscule number of antibodies are characterized out of the universe of antibodies generated by the immune system. Knowledge of antibodyomes-the complete sets of antibodies-could help solve these and other challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter S Dimitrov
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Leider JP, Brunker PAR, Ness PM. Convalescent transfusion for pandemic influenza: preparing blood banks for a new plasma product? Transfusion 2010; 50:1384-98. [PMID: 20158681 PMCID: PMC7201862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potential of a severe pandemic to limit efficacy or availability of medical countermeasures, some researchers have begun a search for new interventions that could complement the planned antiviral‐ and vaccine‐based response to an influenza pandemic. One such countermeasure—the transfusion of pandemic influenza‐specific antibodies from surviving patients to the clinically ill—is the focus of this commentary. Passive immunotherapy, which includes the use of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), hyperimmune globulin, or convalescent plasma, had been used before the advent of antibiotics and has recently reentered the limelight due to the accelerating development of MoAb therapies against cancer, a number of microbes, allograft rejection, and a host of other conditions. After the plausible biologic mechanism and somewhat limited data supporting the efficacy for this modality against influenza are reviewed, safety and logistical concerns for utilization of this potential new product (fresh convalescent plasma against influenza [FCP‐Flu]) are discussed. FCP‐Flu could indeed prove useful in a response to a pandemic, but two necessary items must first be satisfied. Most importantly, more research should be conducted to establish FCP‐Flu efficacy against the current and other pandemic strains. Second, and also importantly, blood banks and donor centers should examine whether offering this new product would be feasible in a pandemic and begin planning before a more severe pandemic forces us to respond without adequate preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P Leider
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Yamashita A, Kawashita N, Kubota-Koketsu R, Inoue Y, Watanabe Y, Ibrahim MS, Ideno S, Yunoki M, Okuno Y, Takagi T, Yasunaga T, Ikuta K. Highly conserved sequences for human neutralization epitope on hemagglutinin of influenza A viruses H3N2, H1N1 and H5N1: Implication for human monoclonal antibody recognition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:614-8. [PMID: 20152806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The epitope sequences within the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus H3N2 at amino acid residues 173-181 and 227-239 that forms anti-parallel beta-sheet structure are similarly recognized by human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs), B-1 and D-1 that we recently obtained using the peripheral blood lymphocytes from two influenza-vaccinated volunteers. Both HuMAbs showed strong global neutralization of H3N2 strains. Here we show the significant conservation of the beta-sheet region consisting of the above-mentioned two epitope regions in H3N2. In addition, we also identified the corresponding regions with similar structure in other subtypes such as H1N1 and H5N1. These two regions are similarly located underneath the receptor-binding sites of individual subtypes. Analysis of those regions using sequences available from the Influenza Virus Resource at the National Center for Biotechnology Information revealed that compared with those in the known neutralizing epitopes A-E, those sequences were fairly conserved in human H3N2 (n=7955), swine H1N1 (n=360) and swine H3N2 (n=235); and highly conserved in human H1N1 (n=2722), swine-origin pandemic H1N1 (n=1474), human H5N1 (n=319) and avian H5N1 (n=2349). Phylogenetic tree for these regions formed clearly separable clusters for H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1, irrespective of different host origin. These data may suggest a possible significance of those regions for development of alternative vaccine that could induce neutralizing antibodies reactive against wide-range of influenza virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Genome Informatics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Dharmasiri U, Witek MA, Adams AA, Soper SA. Microsystems for the capture of low-abundance cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:409-31. [PMID: 20636049 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient selection and enumeration of low-abundance biological cells are highly important in a variety of applications. For example, the clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood is recognized as a viable biomarker for the management of various cancers, in which the clinically relevant number of CTCs per 7.5 ml of blood is two to five. Although there are several methods for isolating rare cells from a variety of heterogeneous samples, such as immunomagnetic-assisted cell sorting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, they are fraught with challenges. Microsystem-based technologies are providing new opportunities for selecting and isolating rare cells from complex, heterogeneous samples. Such approaches involve reductions in target-cell loss, process automation, and minimization of contamination issues. In this review, we introduce different application areas requiring rare cell analysis, conventional techniques for their selection, and finally microsystem approaches for low-abundance-cell isolation and enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udara Dharmasiri
- Departments of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA.
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