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Kern K, Delaroque N, Boysen A, Puder M, Wendt R, Kölsch A, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Stærk K, Andersen TE, Andersen K, Lund L, Szardenings M. Glycosylation of bacterial antigens changes epitope patterns. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258136. [PMID: 37954588 PMCID: PMC10637626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unlike glycosylation of proteins expressed in mammalian systems, bacterial glycosylation is often neglected in the development of recombinant vaccines. Methods Here, we compared the effects of glycosylation of YghJ, an Escherichia coli protein important for mucus attachment of bacteria causing in urinary tract infections (UTIs). A novel method based on statistical evaluation of phage display for the identification and comparison of epitopes and mimotopes of anti-YghJ antibodies in the sera was used. This is the first time that the effect of glycosylation of a recombinant bacterial antigen has been studied at the peptide epitope level. Results The study identifies differences in the immune response for (non)-glycosylated antigens in rabbits and pigs and compares them to a large group of patients with UTI, which have been diagnosed as positive for various bacterial pathogens. We identified glycosylation-specific peptide epitopes, a large immunological similarity between different UTI pathogens, and a broad peptide epitope pattern in patients and animals, which could result in a variable response in patients upon vaccination. Discussion This epitope analysis indicates that the vaccination of rabbits and pigs raises antibodies that translate well into the human immune system. This study underlines the importance of glycosylation in bacterial vaccines and provides detailed immune diagnostic methods to understand individual immune responses to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Kern
- Ligand Development Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Epitopic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Delaroque
- Ligand Development Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralph Wendt
- Department of Nephrology, St. Georg Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Kölsch
- MicroDiagnostics Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Ehrentreich-Förster
- Molekulare und Zelluläre Bioanalytik Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Golm, Germany
| | - Kristian Stærk
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Emil Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karin Andersen
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Lund
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Szardenings
- Ligand Development Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Epitopic, Leipzig, Germany
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Szardenings M, Delaroque N, Kern K, Ramirez-Caballero L, Puder M, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Beige J, Zürner S, Popp G, Wolf J, Borte S. Detection of Antibodies against Endemic and SARS-CoV-2 Coronaviruses with Short Peptide Epitopes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1403. [PMID: 37766081 PMCID: PMC10535424 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Coronavirus proteins are quite conserved amongst endemic strains (eCoV) and SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate whether peptide epitopes might serve as useful diagnostic biomarkers to stratify previous infections and COVID-19. (2) Methods: Peptide epitopes were identified at an amino acid resolution that applied a novel statistical approach to generate data sets of potential antibody binding peptides. (3) Results: Data sets from more than 120 COVID-19 or eCoV-infected patients, as well as vaccinated persons, have been used to generate data sets that have been used to search in silico for potential epitopes in proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and eCoV. Peptide epitopes were validated with >300 serum samples in synthetic peptide micro arrays and epitopes specific for different viruses, in addition to the identified cross reactive epitopes. (4) Conclusions: Most patients develop antibodies against non-structural proteins, which are useful general markers for recent infections. However, there are differences in the epitope patterns of COVID-19, and eCoV, and the S-protein vaccine, which can only be explained by a high degree of cross-reactivity between the viruses, a pre-existing immune response against some epitopes, and even an alternate processing of the vaccine proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Szardenings
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.D.); (K.K.); (S.Z.); (G.P.)
- epitopic GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nicolas Delaroque
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.D.); (K.K.); (S.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Karolin Kern
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.D.); (K.K.); (S.Z.); (G.P.)
- epitopic GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Lisbeth Ramirez-Caballero
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.D.); (K.K.); (S.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Marcus Puder
- epitopic GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Eva Ehrentreich-Förster
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Joachim Beige
- Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, Medical Clinic 2, 06112 Halle, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Zürner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.D.); (K.K.); (S.Z.); (G.P.)
- WINF/Informationsmanagement, University Leipzig, Grimmaische Straße 12, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Popp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.D.); (K.K.); (S.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Johannes Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Delitzscher Strasse 141, 04129 Leipzig, Germany; (J.W.); (S.B.)
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig (IDCL), Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, Delitzscher Strasse 141, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Borte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Delitzscher Strasse 141, 04129 Leipzig, Germany; (J.W.); (S.B.)
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig (IDCL), Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, Delitzscher Strasse 141, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Szardenings M, Delaroque N, Fischer M, Kern K, Puder M, Caballero LR, Wehrmann D, Ehrentreich-Förster E. PERSONALIZED IMMUNE DIAGNOSTICS: EPITOPE MAPPING OF THE IMMUNOME. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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4
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Memczak H, Lauster D, Kar P, Di Lella S, Volkmer R, Knecht V, Herrmann A, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF, Stöcklein WFM. Anti-Hemagglutinin Antibody Derived Lead Peptides for Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Binding. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159074. [PMID: 27415624 PMCID: PMC4944999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against spike proteins of influenza are used as a tool for characterization of viruses and therapeutic approaches. However, development, production and quality control of antibodies is expensive and time consuming. To circumvent these difficulties, three peptides were derived from complementarity determining regions of an antibody heavy chain against influenza A spike glycoprotein. Their binding properties were studied experimentally, and by molecular dynamics simulations. Two peptide candidates showed binding to influenza A/Aichi/2/68 H3N2. One of them, termed PeB, with the highest affinity prevented binding to and infection of target cells in the micromolar region without any cytotoxic effect. PeB matches best the conserved receptor binding site of hemagglutinin. PeB bound also to other medical relevant influenza strains, such as human-pathogenic A/California/7/2009 H1N1, and avian-pathogenic A/Mute Swan/Rostock/R901/2006 H7N1. Strategies to improve the affinity and to adapt specificity are discussed and exemplified by a double amino acid substituted peptide, obtained by substitutional analysis. The peptides and their derivatives are of great potential for drug development as well as biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Memczak
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Volker Knecht
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Ehrentreich-Förster
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank F. Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Biosystem Integration and Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Walter F. M. Stöcklein
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
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5
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Kozma P, Lehmann A, Wunderlich K, Michel D, Schumacher S, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF. A novel handheld fluorescent microarray reader for point-of-care diagnostic. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:415-20. [PMID: 23612063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel handheld optical sensor for quantification of fluorescent microarrays, the so-called portMD-113 has been developed. On the surface of a planar waveguide, the spots of different fluorescently labeled biological complexes are excited by the evanescent field of the guided light. The emitted fluorescence signals of the spots are independently and simultaneously detected applying our system, which consists of a pinehole array, a microlens array, an interference filter and a detector array. As it is demonstrated in comparative measurements, the detection limit of this sensor is close to that of commercial top microarray readers, e.g. of modern laser scanners, while it has remarkable and important advantages over them. Namely, the device comprises only a few low-cost, lightweight and small components without applying any moving or energy-intensive elements, which results in turn in a commercially competitive, handheld and compact design and in the possibility to be supplied simply by a battery or a personal computer. These advantageous properties open prospects e.g. for point-of-care medical checks, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kozma
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Schumacher S, Sartorius D, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF. Miniaturization for Point-of-Care Analysis: Platform Technology for Almost Every Biomedical Assay. EJIFCC 2012; 23:70-5. [PMID: 27683418 PMCID: PMC4975254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Platform technologies for the changing need of diagnostics are one of the main challenges in medical device technology. From one point-of-view the demand for new and more versatile diagnostic is increasing due to a deeper knowledge of biomarkers and their combination with diseases. From another point-of-view a decentralization of diagnostics will occur since decisions can be made faster resulting in higher success of therapy. Hence, new types of technologies have to be established which enables a multiparameter analysis at the point-of-care. Within this review-like article a system called Fraunhofer ivD-platform is introduced. It consists of a credit-card sized cartridge with integrated reagents, sensors and pumps and a read-out/processing unit. Within the cartridge the assay runs fully automated within 15-20 minutes. Due to the open design of the platform different analyses such as antibody, serological or DNA-assays can be performed. Specific examples of these three different assay types are given to show the broad applicability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Schumacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Branch Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam, Germany www.ivd-plattform.de
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7
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Ettlinger J, Schenk JA, Micheel B, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Gajovic-Eichelmann N. A Direct Competitive Homogeneous Immunoassay for Progesterone - the Redox Quenching Immunoassay. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Schumacher S, Nestler J, Otto T, Wegener M, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Michel D, Wunderlich K, Palzer S, Sohn K, Weber A, Burgard M, Grzesiak A, Teichert A, Brandenburg A, Koger B, Albers J, Nebling E, Bier FF. Highly-integrated lab-on-chip system for point-of-care multiparameter analysis. Lab Chip 2012; 12:464-73. [PMID: 22038328 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel innovative approach towards a marketable lab-on-chip system for point-of-care in vitro diagnostics is reported. In a consortium of seven Fraunhofer Institutes a lab-on-chip system called "Fraunhofer ivD-platform" has been established which opens up the possibility for an on-site analysis at low costs. The system features a high degree of modularity and integration. Modularity allows the adaption of common and established assay types of various formats. Integration lets the system move from the laboratory to the point-of-need. By making use of the microarray format the lab-on-chip system also addresses new trends in biomedicine. Research topics such as personalized medicine or companion diagnostics show that multiparameter analyses are an added value for diagnostics, therapy as well as therapy control. These goals are addressed with a low-cost and self-contained cartridge, since reagents, microfluidic actuators and various sensors are integrated within the cartridge. In combination with a fully automated instrumentation (read-out and processing unit) a diagnostic assay can be performed in about 15 min. Via a user-friendly interface the read-out unit itself performs the assay protocol, data acquisition and data analysis. So far, example assays for nucleic acids (detection of different pathogens) and protein markers (such as CRP and PSA) have been established using an electrochemical read-out based on redoxcycling or an optical read-out based on total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF). It could be shown that the assay performance within the cartridge is similar to that found for the same assay in a microtiter plate. Furthermore, recent developments are the integration of sample preparation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on-chip. Hence, the instrument is capable of providing heating-and-cooling cycles necessary for DNA-amplification. In addition to scientific aspects also the production of such a lab-on-chip system was part of the development since this heavily affects the success of a later market launch. In summary, the Fraunhofer ivD-platform covers the whole value chain ranging from microfluidics, material and polymer sciences, assay and sensor development to the production and assembly design. In this consortium the gap between diagnostic needs and available technologies can be closed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Schumacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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9
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Schumacher S, Lüdecke C, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF. Platform technologies for molecular diagnostics near the patient's bedside. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23192590 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is believed Lab-on-Chip systems will become a mainstream technology within the next centuries. Especially because of new findings in molecular medicine and global trends such as the changing global population in third world countries and an ageing population in industrial countries, the need for fast and reliable diagnostics is rising tremendously. Hence, diagnostics have to become more frequently and more easily available. In this regard, technologies have to be found that enable the cost-effective production and hence an affordable price. In a joint-project between seven Fraunhofer institutes a Lab-on-Chip system was developed which consists of a credit-card-sized cartridge and a base station. The cartridges contain besides the reagents necessary for a specific assay also functionalities such as pumping or heating enabling a self-contained system without any fluidic interfaces, which tend to be error-prone. Because of the modularity of the system it is possible to integrate an optical sensor as well an electrochemical sensor into the cartridge. Hence, the system can be customized to serve the needs of the particular assays. This chapter will describe the system including generic design rules for such Lab-on-Chip systems, the development of these rules into a modular Lab-on-Chip system, the integration of biomedical assays, and the production possibility of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Schumacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Branch Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany,
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10
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Griessner M, Hartig D, Christmann A, Pohl C, Schellhase M, Ehrentreich-Förster E. Development and characterization of a disposable plastic microarray printhead. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 13:533-8. [PMID: 21374067 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade microarrays have become a powerful analytical tool. Commonly microarrays are produced in a non-contact manner using silicone printheads. However, silicone printheads are expensive and not able to be used as a disposable. Here, we show the development and functional characterization of 8-channel plastic microarray printheads that overcome both disadvantages of their conventional silicone counterparts. A combination of injection-molding and laser processing allows us to produce a high quantity of cheap, customizable and disposable microarray printheads. The use of plastics (e.g., polystyrene) minimizes the need for surface modifications required previously for proper printing results. Time-consuming regeneration processes, cleaning procedures and contaminations caused by residual samples are avoided. The utilization of plastic printheads for viscous liquids, such as cell suspensions or whole blood, is possible. Furthermore, functional parts within the plastic printhead (e.g., particle filters) can be included. Our printhead is compatible with commercially available TopSpot devices but provides additional economic and technical benefits as compared to conventional TopSpot printheads, while fulfilling all requirements demanded on the latter. All in all, this work describes how the field of traditional microarray spotting can be extended significantly by low cost plastic printheads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Griessner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Am Mühlenberg 13, Potsdam, Germany.
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Die In-vitro-Diagnostik nimmt aufgrund der Erkenntnisse der molekularen Medizin und Genomforschung der letzten Jahre in der medizinischen Versorgung eine zunehmend zentrale Rolle ein. Gleichzeitig gibt es einen Trend, nach der Zentralisierung der Diagnostik in großen Laboratorien, näher an den Patienten heranzurücken und eine Analyse, auch komplexer Parameter, vor Ort durchzuführen. In einer aktuellen Frost & Sullivan Studie wurde der sogenannte „Point-of-Care“-Markt mit einem Marktvolumen von ca. 5 Mrd. US$ bei einer durchschnittlichen jährlichen Wachstumsrate von 10,5% bis 2012 beziffert. Das Point-of-Care-Segment wird zusammen mit dem Teilmarkt für molekulare Diagnostik als das am schnellsten wachsende Segment im In-vitro-Diagnostik-Markt (Weltmarktvolumen in 2007 circa 30 Mrd. US$) angesehen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennie Andresen
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik (IBMT), Potsdam, Deutschland
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12
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Nagel T, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF. Label-free serodiagnosis on a grating coupler. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 503:189-200. [PMID: 19151942 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-567-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The unique feature of the label-free measurement techniques for screening specific binding molecules against a certain ligand is that knowledge about the analyte is not required. Due to the direct monitoring of the binding event, no further detection step, e.g., by a fluorescently labeled antibody, is necessary. This technique enables not only the analysis of binding properties, but also applications in serodiagnosis and in primary screening in drug discovery. Especially when complex biological solutions such as blood serum are used as sample fluids, the minimization of unspecific attachment is the crucial point of the assay. In this chapter, the basic handling of the grating coupler as an example of a label-free transducer is described, together with a simple protocol to minimize unspecific attachment when measuring undiluted blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nagel
- Department of Molecular Bioanalytics & Bioelectronics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Antwerpen MH, Schellhase M, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier F, Witte W, Nübel U. DNA microarray for detection of antibiotic resistance determinants in Bacillus anthracis and closely related Bacillus cereus. Mol Cell Probes 2006; 21:152-60. [PMID: 17118627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a multiplex PCR for amplification of ten genes involved in resistance to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, rifampin, and vancomycin in Bacillus anthracis and closely related Bacillus cereus. Enzymatic labelling of PCR products followed by hybridization to oligonucleotide probes on a DNA microarray enabled simultaneous detection of resistance genes tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, vanA, and vanB and resistance-mediating point mutations in genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and rpoB. The presented assay allows detection of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance determinants within 4h and can be used as a time-saving tool supporting conventional culture-based diagnostics.
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Andresen H, Zarse K, Grötzinger C, Hollidt JM, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF, Kreuzer OJ. Development of peptide microarrays for epitope mapping of antibodies against the human TSH receptor. J Immunol Methods 2006; 315:11-8. [PMID: 16920148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Accurate characterization of the antigen binding region of antibodies is of great value in many fields of research, assay development and clinical diagnostics. Up to now, there is an unmet clinical need to use antibodies as diagnostic markers for the prediction of both prognosis and therapeutic response. To this end, comprehensive but differentiated immunoassays need to be generated. We have developed a peptide microarray for the diagnosis and epitope mapping of anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies. The primary sequence of the human thyrotropin receptor (hTSHR) was represented by a library of 251 synthetic peptides. The peptides were site-specifically immobilized in a two-step procedure first by coupling of biotinylated peptides to hydrazide-modified streptavidin and then utilizing a subsequent chemoselective reaction between the hydrazide linkers of the streptavidin and an aldehyde coated glass surface. The technology was used to map the epitopes of seven commercially available murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the human TSH receptor (mTSHRAb). A previously unknown epitope recognized by mTSHRAb 4C1 was identified at amino acids (AA) 379 through 384 and the epitope recognized by mTSHRAb A9 was also localized (AA 214-222). Previously identified epitopes recognized by mTSHRAbs 2C11 (AA 349-360), 28 (AA 34-39), 49 (AA 289-297), A7 (AA 406-411) and A10 (AA 34-39) were confirmed. The peptide microarray exhibited excellent performance in single and multiplex antibody analysis and high specificity. This technology may have potential as a multi-determinate in vitro diagnostic assay for the differential analysis of a heterogeneity of antibodies involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Andresen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department Molecular Bioanalytics and Bioelectronics, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany.
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Abstract
Peptide microarrays displaying biologically active small synthetic peptides in a high-density format provide an attractive technology to probe complex samples for the presence and/or function of protein analytes. We present a new approach for manufacturing functional peptide microarrays for molecular immune diagnostics. Our method relies on the efficiency of site-specific solution-phase coupling of biotinylated synthetic peptides to NeutrAvidin (NA) and localized microdispensing of peptide-NA-complexes onto activated glass surfaces. Antibodies are captured in a sandwich manner between surface immobilized peptide probes and fluorescence-labeled secondary antibodies. Our work includes a total of 54 peptides derived from immunodominant linear epitopes of the T7 phage capsid protein, Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, c-myc protein, and three domains of the Human coronavirus polymerase polyprotein and their cognate mAbs. By using spacer molecules of different type and length for NA-mediated peptide presentation, we show that the incorporation of a minimum spacer length is imperative for antibody binding, whereas the peptide immobilization direction has only secondary importance for antibody affinity and binding. We further demonstrate that the peptide array is capable of detecting low-picomolar concentrations of mAbs in buffered solutions and diluted human serum with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Andresen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular Bioanalytics & Bioelectronics, Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany.
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16
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Andresen H, Grötzinger C, Zarse K, Birringer M, Hessenius C, Kreuzer OJ, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF. Peptide microarrays with site-specifically immobilized synthetic peptides for antibody diagnostics. Sens Actuators B Chem 2006; 113:655-663. [PMID: 32288236 PMCID: PMC7127650 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2005.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Peptide microarrays bear the potential to discover molecular recognition events on protein level, particularly in the field of molecular immunology, in a manner and with an efficiency comparable to the performance of DNA microarrays. We developed a novel peptide microarray platform for the detection of antibodies in liquid samples. The system comprises site-specific solution phase coupling of biotinylated peptides to NeutrAvidin, localized microdispensing of peptide-NeutrAvidin conjugates onto activated glass slides and a fluorescence immuno sandwich assay format for antibody capture and detection. Our work includes synthetic peptides deduced from amino acid sequences of immunodominant linear epitopes, such as the T7 phage capsid protein, Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, c-myc protein and three domains of the Human coronavirus 229E polymerase polyprotein. We demonstrate that our method produces peptide arrays with excellent spot morphology which are capable of specific and sensitive detection of monoclonal antibodies from fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Andresen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular Bioanalytics & Bioelectronics, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- peptides&elephants GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Hospital, Dept. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Zarse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular Bioanalytics & Bioelectronics, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
- peptides&elephants GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- peptides&elephants GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Carsten Hessenius
- peptides&elephants GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Oliver J Kreuzer
- peptides&elephants GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Eva Ehrentreich-Förster
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular Bioanalytics & Bioelectronics, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular Bioanalytics & Bioelectronics, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Potsdam-Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany
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Misiakos K, Petrou PS, Kakabakos SE, Ruf HH, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF. A bioanalytical microsystem for protein and DNA sensing based on a monolithic silicon optoelectronic transducer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/10/1/067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schwonbeck S, Krause-Griep A, Gajovic-Eichelmann N, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Meinl W, Glatt H, Bier FF. Cohort analysis of a single nucleotide polymorphism on DNA chips. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:956-66. [PMID: 15530792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed to determine SNPs on DNA chips by applying a flow-through bioscanner. As a practical application we demonstrated the fast and simple SNP analysis of 24 genotypes in an array of 96 spots with a single hybridisation and dissociation experiment. The main advantage of this methodical concept is the parallel and fast analysis without any need of enzymatic digestion. Additionally, the DNA chip format used is appropriate for parallel analysis up to 400 spots. The polymorphism in the gene of the human phenol sulfotransferase SULT1A1 was studied as a model SNP. Biotinylated PCR products containing the SNP (The SNP summary web site: ) (mutant) and those containing no mutation (wild-type) were brought onto the chips coated with NeutrAvidin using non-contact spotting. This was followed by an analysis which was carried out in a flow-through biochip scanner while constantly rinsing with buffer. After removing the non-biotinylated strand a fluorescent probe was hybridised, which is complementary to the wild-type sequence. If this probe binds to a mutant sequence, then one single base is not fully matching. Thereby, the mismatched hybrid (mutant) is less stable than the full-matched hybrid (wild-type). The final step after hybridisation on the chip involves rinsing with a buffer to start dissociation of the fluorescent probe from the immobilised DNA strand. The online measurement of the fluorescence intensity by the biochip scanner provides the possibility to follow the kinetics of the hybridisation and dissociation processes. According to the different stability of the full-match and the mismatch, either visual discrimination or kinetic analysis is possible to distinguish SNP-containing sequence from the wild-type sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schwonbeck
- Department of Molecular Bioanalytics and Bioelectronics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Gajovic-Eichelmann N, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF. Directed immobilization of nucleic acids at ultramicroelectrodes using a novel electro-deposited polymer. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:417-22. [PMID: 14623465 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A two-step method for the directed immobilization of nucleic acids at ultramicroelectrodes with micron-size dimensions is described. The approach is based on the immobilization of streptavidin at the surface of carbon or noble metal electrodes within a novel electro-deposited polymer, formed by electropolymerization of the natural compound scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-coumarin) at potentials between 0.4 and 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Biotin-tagged nucleic acids or proteins are immobilized on top of the modified electrodes in a second step. The new method has some advantages compared to classical electropolymerization approaches (e.g. polypyrrole, polyphenol), because the growing polymer is highly hydrophilic, resulting in efficient incorporation of streptavidin and a high biotin binding capacity of 6 pmol cm(-2). The polymer film seems to be non-conductive but shows good swelling properties in aqueous solutions. The feasibility of the method for the electro-directed biochemical modification of individual microelectrodes has been demonstrated by sequential immobilization of two different single strand oligonucleotides onto interdigitated ultramicroelectrodes. The resulting miniature DNA probe was used for single base mutation detection with two synthetic targets (fluorescence-labeled 17-mer oligomers) by evaluating the fluorescence patterns after hybridisation with the immobilised DNA probes. The new method is useful for the production of microelectrode based DNA chips and for the electro-directed immobilisation of biomolecules at microelectrode structures with high spatial resolution and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Gajovic-Eichelmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, A-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Bergholz-Rehbrucke, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank F Bier
- Department of Molecular Bioanalysis and Bioelectronics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
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Abstract
The progesterone concentration in blood samples can be utilised as a marker for the diagnosis of early pregnancy, endocrinopathy and virilism. Here, we describe a method for progesterone detection and measurement in whole blood samples by a surface sensitive biosensor used in conjunction with an integrated optical grating coupler. This device determines refractive index changes near the biosensor's surface. Hence, biological species bound to a surface layer can be measured in real-time without any label. For the measurements, we have modified the indirect competitive immunoassay principle. The concentration of the progesterone antibody was kept at 1 microg/ml. Progesterone concentration was determined in buffer solution and whole blood in a range between 0.005 and 10 ng/ml. The detection limit was determined to be 3 pM. The relative standard deviation was calculated to be 3.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ehrentreich-Förster
- Department Molecular Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
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22
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Bier FF, Ehrentreich-Förster E. Buchbesprechung: Instrumentelle analytische Chemie. Verfahren, Anwendungen und Qualitätssicherung. Herausgegeben von Karl Cammann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010803)113:15<3013::aid-ange11113013>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bier FF, Kleinjung F, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Scheller FW. Changing functionality of surfaces by directed self-assembly using oligonucleotides--the Oligo-Tag. Biotechniques 1999; 27:752-6, 758, 760. [PMID: 10524318 DOI: 10.2144/99274st06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is presented to modify surfaces for biotechnological applications. Oligonucleotides have been coupled covalently to a pre-activated surface. Complementary oligonucleotides hybridize to the surface, which are conjugated with functionalities. The oligonucleotides serve as "Oligo-Tags" for these functionalities that now are linked specifically and reversibly. The approach might be used to change DNA-arrays into arrays of arbitrary ligands. We demonstrate the method with an optical wave guide grating coupler as a sensing surface using two different haptens as examples for a variety of functionalities. The haptens were 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and atrazin and are recognized by specific antibodies. The surface created was completely regenerable by alkaline washing or temperature increase without any loss of binding capacity. Specificity was demonstrated by competitive binding of antibody in presence and absence of analyte; unspecific binding has not been observed.
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Lisdat F, Ge B, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Reszka R, Scheller FW. Superoxide Dismutase Activity Measurement Using Cytochromec-Modified Electrode. Anal Chem 1999; 71:1359-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac980961k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Analytical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Germany
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Bauer CG, Eremenko AV, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF, Makower A, Halsall HB, Heineman WR, Scheller FW. Zeptomole-detecting biosensor for alkaline phosphatase in an electrochemical immunoassay for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Anal Chem 1996; 68:2453-8. [PMID: 8694255 DOI: 10.1021/ac960218x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A bienzyme substrate-recycling biosensor in a flow injection analysis system is described for the sensitive measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and applied to the fast readout of a competitive immunoassay for the widely used pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The phenol-indicating biosensor consists of a Clark-type electrode covered by a membrane with coentrapped tyrosinase and quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. ALP dephosphorylates phenyl phosphate to phenol (K(m) = 36 microM) outside the flow system. Phenol is oxidized in the sensor membrane by the oxygen-consuming tyrosinase via catechol to o-quinone. The quinone is reconverted to catechol by glucose dehydrogenase. This substrate cycling results in a 350-fold amplified sensor response to phenol. The oxygen consumption of the enzyme couple in the presence of phenol is monitored as a decrease in current. A total of 3.2 fM ALP (320 zmol/ 100 microL) has been detected after a 57.5 min incubation with phenyl phosphate. All involved reagents are stable over the time of measurement. The sensor does not produce any measurable blank signals. The immunoassay detects 0.1 microgram/L 2,4-D, the maximum concentration for pesticides allowed in drinking water by European Community regulations. The applicability of this biosensor for fast immunoassay readout is demonstrated by a 2 min incubation. By comparison, a standard photometric method (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) requires overnight incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Bauer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, University of Potsdam, Berlin-Buch, Germany
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28
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Bier FF, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bauer CG, Scheller FW. High sensitive competitive immunodetection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using enzymatic amplification with electrochemical detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 1996; 354:861-5. [PMID: 15048403 DOI: 10.1007/s0021663540861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/1995] [Revised: 11/29/1995] [Accepted: 12/01/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The amplification cycle consisting of NADH independent oligosaccharide dehydrogenase (ODH) and laccase has been recently reported to be highly sensitive to several catecholamines and p-aminophenol. A competitive immunoassay for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid has been developed by combining this amplification cycle with beta-galactosidase as enzyme label resulting in p-aminophenol as product. The combination of enzymatic amplification cycles with a competitive immunoassay yields a highly sensitive measurement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Using a monoclonal antibody the linear range of the assay was between 0.02 and 100 ng/l and the c(50) was found at 0.2 ng/l; the detection limit was at 5 pg/l (25 fmol/l) corresponding to 5 amol.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Bier
- Analytical Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, University of Potsdam, c/o MDC Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13122, Berlin-Buch, Germany
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