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Prudinnik DS, Kussanova A, Vorobjev IA, Tikhonov A, Ataullakhanov FI, Barteneva NS. Deformability of Heterogeneous Red Blood Cells in Aging and Related Pathologies. Aging Dis 2025:AD.2024.0526. [PMID: 39012672 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is interrelated with changes in red blood cell parameters and functionality. In this article, we focus on red blood cells (RBCs) and provide a review of the known changes associated with the characterization of RBC deformability in aging and related pathologies. The biophysical parameters complement the commonly used biochemical parameters and may contribute to a better understanding of the aging process. The power of the deformability measurement approach is well established in clinical settings. Measuring RBCs' deformability has the advantage of relative simplicity, and it reflects the complex effects developing in erythrocytes during aging. However, aging and related pathological conditions also promote heterogeneity of RBC features and have a certain impact on the variance in erythrocyte cell properties. The possible applications of deformability as an early biophysical biomarker of pathological states are discussed, and modulating PIEZO1 as a therapeutic target is suggested. The changes in RBCs' shape can serve as a proxy for deformability evaluation, leveraging single-cell analysis with imaging flow cytometry and artificial intelligence algorithms. The characterization of biophysical parameters of RBCs is in progress in humans and will provide a better understanding of the complex dynamics of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Prudinnik
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Kussanova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Tikhonov
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Fazly I Ataullakhanov
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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2
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Acousto-holographic reconstruction of whole-cell stiffness maps. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7351. [PMID: 36446776 PMCID: PMC9709086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of cell stiffness distribution is essential due to the critical role of cell mechanobiology in regulation of vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, migration, and motility. Stiffness provides critical information in understanding onset and progress of various diseases, including metastasis and differentiation of cancer. Atomic force microscopy and optical trapping set the gold standard in stiffness measurements. However, their widespread use has been hampered with long processing times, unreliable contact point determination, physical damage to cells, and unsuitability for multiple cell analysis. Here, we demonstrate a simple, fast, label-free, and high-resolution technique using acoustic stimulation and holographic imaging to reconstruct stiffness maps of single cells. We used this acousto-holographic method to determine stiffness maps of HCT116 and CTC-mimicking HCT116 cells and differentiate between them. Our system would enable widespread use of whole-cell stiffness measurements in clinical and research settings for cancer studies, disease modeling, drug testing, and diagnostics.
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Montoya-Navarrete AL, Guerrero-Barrera AL, Quezada-Tristán T, Valdivia-Flores AG, Cano-Rábano MJ. Red blood cells morphology and morphometry in adult, senior, and geriatricians dogs by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:998438. [PMID: 36439358 PMCID: PMC9685804 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.998438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) morphologic evaluation through microscopy optical (OM) and SEM, provides information to forecast, evaluate, and monitor the functioning of many organs. Factors, such aging and diseases affect RBC morphology in both, human and animals. SEM is useful to evaluate RBC morphology, although its use in diagnosis and evaluation in dogs is limited, due to the availability and cost. The aim of this research was to assess the normal RBC morphology in adult, senior and geriatrician dogs, clinically healthy by OM and SEM. In addition to evaluating the age effect, sex, body size, and their interaction on erythrocyte morphometry. To carry out the research 152 blood samples were evaluated from dogs of different sexes and body sizes (small, medium, and large). Three groups were made based on dogs age: group I adults (1-7.9 years old), group II senior (8-11.9 years old), and group III geriatricians (>12 years old). Erythrocyte parameters were evaluated by OM (diameter, height, and axial ratio). Per each dog, the parameters of 20 erythrocytes were measured. A total of 2,600 cells were scanned with the AmScope™ Software scale. In addition, the RBC morphology was evaluated by SEM. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance and a general linear model, which allows the comparison of multiple factors at two or more levels (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that diameter and height were lower in adult dogs than in senior and geriatrician dogs (p < 0.05). Whereas, sex, body size, and the interaction did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05). Additionally, some images of anisocytosis, polychromasia, and poikilocytosis (echinocytes, acanthocytes, codocytes, spherocytes, stomatocytes, dacryocytes quatrefoil, and elliptocytes) were obtained by OM and SEM. Our study provides information about the morphological and morphometry alterations of adult, senior, and geriatrician dogs RBC. This work contributes to future investigations and the diagnosing diseases, where it is necessary to evaluate the morphology of RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Montoya-Navarrete
- Morphology Department, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Teódulo Quezada-Tristán
- Veterinary Sciences Department, Agricultural Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Arturo G. Valdivia-Flores
- Veterinary Sciences Department, Agricultural Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - María J. Cano-Rábano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, León, Spain
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Long L, Chen H, He Y, Mu L, Luan Y. Lingering Dynamics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Red Blood Cells in Retinal Arteriolar Bifurcations. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040205. [PMID: 36412846 PMCID: PMC9680457 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that the deformability of red blood cells (RBC) is reduced owing to changes in mechanical properties, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. To probe the effects of RBC morphological and physical parameters on the flow field in bifurcated arterioles, three types of RBC models with various degrees of biconcave shapes were built based on the in vitro experimental data. The dynamic behaviors of the RBCs in shear flow were simulated to validate the feasibility of the finite element-Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method with a moving mesh. The influences of the shear rate and viscosity ratios on RBC motions were investigated. The motion of RBCs in arteriolar bifurcations was further simulated. Abnormal variations in the morphological and physical parameters of RBCs may lead to diminished tank-tread motion and enhanced tumbling motion in shear flow. Moreover, abnormal RBC variations can result in slower RBC motion at the bifurcation with a longer transmit time and greater flow resistance, which may further cause inadequate local oxygen supply. These findings would provide useful insights into the microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Long
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lizhong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yong Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Loyola-Leyva A, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Barquera S, González FJ, Camacho-Lopez S, Terán-Figueroa Y. Differences in erythrocytes size and shape in prediabetes and diabetes assessed by two microscopy techniques and its association with dietary patterns. Pilot study. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3726-3735. [PMID: 36165223 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hemorheology and microcirculation alterations are caused by erythrocyte size and shape (ESS) modifications. People´s diets can alter erythrocyte functions and membrane fluidity by changing cell membrane components. The aim was to identify differences in ESS obtained by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and assess their relationship with dietary patterns. The study population included 31 participants (14 healthy, 11 with prediabetes, and 6 with T2DM). Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. ESS (diameter, height, axial ratio, thickness, and concave depth) were obtained by SEM and AFM. Differences in ESS between groups were observed with SEM (height) and AFM (height, axial ratio, and concave depth). T2DM presented smaller erythrocytes, more elongated and more altered forms. Two dietary patterns were identified: (1) Unhealthy: more refined cereals, high-fat dairy, fast food, sugary beverages, and fewer fruits, fish, seafood, low-fat dairy, and water. (2) Prudent: higher consumption of refined cereals, vegetables, poultry, low-fat dairy and nuts, and lower tortillas, eggs, high-fat dairy, and legumes. Tertile 3 of the Unhealthy dietary pattern had 80% of healthy participants. A difference in diameter and height (0.44 and 0.32 μm, respectively) obtained by SEM was observed when comparing tertile 2 (smaller erythrocytes) versus tertile 3 in the Unhealthy dietary pattern. SEM and AFM are excellent tools to assess ESS. Unhealthy dietary patterns might be associated with altered ESS. HIGHLIGHTS: SEM and AFM are excellent tools to assess erythrocyte size and shape modifications. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy and prudent. Smaller erythrocytes were observed in the second tertile of the unhealthy pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Terahertz Science and Technology National Lab, Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Simon Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier González
- Terahertz Science and Technology National Lab, Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Santiago Camacho-Lopez
- Department of Optics, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Terán-Figueroa
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, UASLP), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Sun X, Zhao X, Li H, Liu Y, Tian J, Hao X, Kong X, Wang Z, Yang J, Su Y. The Development of Microscopic Imaging Technology and its Application in Micro- and Nanotechnology. Front Chem 2022; 10:931169. [PMID: 35864864 PMCID: PMC9294601 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.931169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical microscopic imaging technology, the emergence of the microscope has accelerated the pace of human exploration of the micro world. With the development of science and technology, microscopes have developed from the optical microscopes at the time of their invention to electron microscopes and even atomic force microscopes. The resolution has steadily improved, allowing humans to expand the field of research from the initial animal and plant tissues to microorganisms such as bacteria, and even down to the nanolevel. The microscope is now widely used in life science, material science, geological research, and other fields. It can be said that the development of microscopes also promotes the development of micro- and nanotechnology. It is foreseeable that microscopes will play a significant part in the exploration of the microworld for a long time to come. The development of microscope technology is the focus of this study, which summarized the properties of numerous microscopes and discussed their applications in micro and nanotechnology. At the same time, the application of microscopic imaging technology in micro- and nanofields was investigated based on the properties of various microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Technology Innovation Center of Remote Sensing and Precise Measurement, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiushuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Technology Innovation Center of Remote Sensing and Precise Measurement, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Torch High Technology Industry Development Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Technology Innovation Center of Remote Sensing and Precise Measurement, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Technology Innovation Center of Remote Sensing and Precise Measurement, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorui Hao
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofei Kong
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqing Su
- Laboratory of Optical Detection and Imaging, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- Quantum Physics Laboratory, School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
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7
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Amorim MDSDN, Batista JA, Junior FM, Fontes A, Santos-Oliveira R, Rebelo Alencar LM. New Insights into Hemolytic Anemias: Ultrastructural and Nanomechanical Investigation of Red Blood Cells Showed Early Morphological Changes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:405-421. [PMID: 35484760 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases are characterized by changes in the mechanical properties of erythrocytes. Hemolytic anemias are an example of these diseases. Among the hemolytic anemias, Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia are the most common, characterized by alterations in the structure of their hemoglobin. Sickle cell disease has a pathological origin in synthesizing abnormal hemoglobin, HbS. In contrast, thalassemia results in extinction or decreased synthesis of α and β hemoglobin chains. This work presents a detailed study of biophysical and ultrastructural early erythrocytes membrane alterations at the nanoscale using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Cells from individuals with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia mutations were studied. The analysis methodology in the AFM was given by blood smear and exposure of the inner membrane for ghost analysis. A robust statistic was used with 65,536 force curves for each map, ten cells of each type, with three individuals for each sample group. The results showed significant differences in cell rigidity, adhesion, volume, and roughness at early morphological alterations, bringing new perspectives for understanding pathogenesis. The sickle cell trait (HbAS) results stand out. Significant alterations were observed in the membrane properties, bringing new perspectives for the knowledge of this mutation. This work presents ultrastructural and biomechanical signatures of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia genotypes, which may help determine a more accurate biophysical description and clinical prognosis for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Socorro do N Amorim
- Federal University of Maranhão, Department of Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Jerias A Batista
- Federal University of Maranhão, Department of Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Francisco Maia Junior
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, 59625-900, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-011, Brazil
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Zona Oeste State University, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Radiopharmacy, Rio de Janeiro, 23070200, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Rebelo Alencar
- Federal University of Maranhão, Department of Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Maranhão, Brazil
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Sutlive J, Xiu H, Chen Y, Gou K, Xiong F, Guo M, Chen Z. Generation, Transmission, and Regulation of Mechanical Forces in Embryonic Morphogenesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103466. [PMID: 34837328 PMCID: PMC8831476 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic morphogenesis is a biological process which depicts shape forming of tissues and organs during development. Unveiling the roles of mechanical forces generated, transmitted, and regulated in cells and tissues through these processes is key to understanding the biophysical mechanisms governing morphogenesis. To this end, it is imperative to measure, simulate, and predict the regulation and control of these mechanical forces during morphogenesis. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances on mechanical properties of cells and tissues, generation of mechanical forces in cells and tissues, the transmission processes of these generated forces during cells and tissues, the tools and methods used to measure and predict these mechanical forces in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, and to better understand the corresponding regulation and control of generated forces. Understanding the biomechanics and mechanobiology of morphogenesis will not only shed light on the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying these concerted biological processes during normal development, but also uncover new information that will benefit biomedical research in preventing and treating congenital defects or tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sutlive
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haning Xiu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kun Gou
- Department of Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224
| | - Fengzhu Xiong
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Morphometry and Stiffness of Red Blood Cells—Signatures of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010227. [PMID: 35008653 PMCID: PMC8745649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) are unique cells with the remarkable ability to deform, which is crucial for their oxygen transport function, and which can be significantly altered under pathophysiological conditions. Here we performed ultrastructural analysis of RBCs as a peripheral cell model, looking for specific signatures of the neurodegenerative pathologies (NDDs)—Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), utilizing atomic force (AFM) and conventional optical (OM) microscopy. We found significant differences in the morphology and stiffness of RBCs isolated from patients with the selected NDDs and those from healthy individuals. Neurodegenerative pathologies’ RBCs are characterized by a reduced abundance of biconcave discoid shape, lower surface roughness and a higher Young’s modulus, compared to healthy cells. Although reduced, the biconcave is still the predominant shape in ALS and AD cells, while the morphology of PD is dominated by crenate cells. The features of RBCs underwent a marked aging-induced transformation, which followed different aging pathways for NDDs and normal healthy states. It was found that the diameter, height and volume of the different cell shape types have different values for NDDs and healthy cells. Common and specific morphological signatures of the NDDs were identified.
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Liu L, Liu Y, Li T, Li L, Qian X, Liu Z. A feasible method for independently evaluating the mechanical properties of glial LC and RGC axons by combining atomic force microscopy measurement with image segmentation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105041. [PMID: 34953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The deformation of lamina cribrosa (LC) under the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) might squeeze the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and impair the visual function. Mechanical behaviors of LC and RGC axons are supposed to be related to the optic nerve damage of glaucoma patients. However, they cannot be independently studied with the existing methods because the LC and RGC axons intertwine in the LC area. This study proposed a feasible method to evaluate the respective mechanical properties of glial LC and RGC axons of rats. METHODS The atomic force microscope (AFM) nano-indentation experiment was performed on unfixed cryosection samples acquired from the glial LC tissues of eight eyes from four rats. For each sample, three regions of interests (ROIs) with sizes of 20 × 20 μm2 were selected from the ventral, central and dorsal regions of the sample, respectively, and the nano-indentation was performed on 128 × 128 points within each ROI to obtain a Young's modulus image. The glial LC and RGC axons were segmented on each modulus images using Otsu thresholding segmentation method, and their respective Young's modulus was further extracted for statistical analysis. RESULTS Young's modulus of glial LC and RGC axons are 297 ± 98 kPa and 76 ± 36 kPa in ventral regions, 342 ± 84 kPa and 84 ± 32 kPa in central regions, 280 ± 104 kPa and 75 ± 30 kPa in dorsal regions, respectively. No significant differences are found among the Young's modulus of different regions, both for glial LC and RGC axons. CONCLUSIONS This study takes the nature property of the LC area as a composite material into consideration, and proposes a feasible method to distinguish between the glial LC and RGC axons and measure their respective Young's modulus. These findings may provide useful information for establishing finite element models of the optic nerve head and promote the study on the deformation of the optic nerve under high intraocular pressure, and finally contribute to the early diagnosis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Yushu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Tan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Beijing, China.
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11
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Choi G, Tang Z, Guan W. Microfluidic high-throughput single-cell mechanotyping: Devices and
applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
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12
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Hang X, He S, Dong Z, Minnick G, Rosenbohm J, Chen Z, Yang R, Chang L. Nanosensors for single cell mechanical interrogation. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Knychala MA, Garrote-Filho MDS, Batista da Silva B, Neves de Oliveira S, Yasminy Luz S, Marques Rodrigues MO, Penha-Silva N. Red cell distribution width and erythrocyte osmotic stability in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2505-2516. [PMID: 33591627 PMCID: PMC7933938 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and erythrocyte osmotic stability in non‐diabetic and diabetic individuals in both sexes. The study sample (N = 122) was constituted by 53 type 2 diabetics (DM) and 69 non‐diabetics (ND), being 21 and 22 men in each group, respectively. The osmotic stability of erythrocytes was obtained by the variation in saline concentration (dX) capable of determining hypoosmotic lysis. Higher RDW values and lower serum iron concentrations were found in the diabetic group when compared to the non‐diabetic volunteers. In the group of diabetic women, RDW was positively correlated with the reticulocyte index, and both RDW and dX were negatively correlated with iron, haemoglobin, transferrin saturation index, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. In all the groups studied, RDW was positively correlated with dX, especially in the diabetic group, where the correlation was the strongest. RDW elevation in both women and men with type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with decreased serum iron indicators. Furthermore, RDW has a similar meaning to dX, as small erythrocytes have less haemoglobin, resulting in both an increase of RDW and dX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Yasminy Luz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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14
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Wang S, Ju T, Wang J, Yang F, Qu K, Liu W, Wang Z. Migration of BEAS-2B cells enhanced by H1299 cell derived-exosomes. Micron 2021; 143:103001. [PMID: 33508546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that exosomes (Exos) secreted by tumor cells could affect the tumor cells themselves and normal cells. However, the effects of exosomes derived from tumor cells on normal cells' migration and mechanical characteristics are rarely reported. This work explores the effects of H1299 cell-derived exosomes (H1299-Exos) on the migration of BEAS-2B cells, and analyzes possible mechanical mechanisms. In the experiments, exosomes were isolated from the culture supernatants of H1299 cells by ultracentrifugation. The H1299-Exos were confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and western blotting (WB). The BEAS-2B cell migration was assessed using scratch assays. Cytoskeletal structure changes were detected by immunofluorescence. Surface morphology and mechanical properties were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). After incubation with H1299-Exos for 48 h, BEAS-2B cells enhanced migration ability, with increased filopodia and cytoskeletal rearrangements. The changes in the morphology and mechanical properties of the cells caused by H1299-Exos were detected using AFM, including the increase in cell length and the decrease in cell height, Young's modulus and adhesion. In short, H1299-Exos promoted the BEAS-2B cell migrations. It indicates that the morphological and mechanical properties can be used as a means to assess normal cell alterations induced by tumor cell derived-exosomes. This provides a method for studying the effects of exosomes secreted by tumor cells on normal cells and the changes in their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tuoyu Ju
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Fan Yang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Kaige Qu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK.
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15
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Whitehead AJ, Kirkland NJ, Engler AJ. Atomic Force Microscopy for Live-Cell and Hydrogel Measurement. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2299:217-226. [PMID: 34028746 PMCID: PMC9074798 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1382-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a popular method for determining the mechanical properties of cells, their components, and biomaterials. Here, we describe AFM setup and application to obtain stiffness measurements from single indentations for hydrogels and myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Whitehead
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Engler Lab, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natalie J Kirkland
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Engler Lab, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Engler Lab, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Loyola-Leyva A, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Terán-Figueroa Y, Camacho-Lopez S, González FJ, Barquera S. Application of atomic force microscopy to assess erythrocytes morphology in early stages of diabetes. A pilot study. Micron 2020; 141:102982. [PMID: 33227627 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to assess the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate erythrocyte morphology in early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the association with biochemical, anthropometric, diet, and physical activity indicators. This was a pilot cross-sectional study with four groups: healthy individuals, people with prediabetes (PDG), metabolic syndrome (MSG), and diabetes mellitus group (DMG). Blood samples were obtained to assess the erythrocyte morphology and biochemical parameters. Anthropometrical measurements were taken. Besides, a diet and a physical activity questionnaire were applied. The evaluation of the erythrocyte morphology through the AFM showed quantitative and qualitative alterations in the cell's form and size. Compared to the healthy group, the PDG had a reduction in height (-0.80 μm, p < 0.05), and an increase in axial ratio (-0.09 μm, p < 0.05); the MSG had lower concave depth (-0.19 μm, p < 0.05); and the DMG had a decreased height (-0.46 μm, p < 0.05) and concave depth (-0.29 μm, p < 0.05), and higher axial ratio (+0.08 μm) and thickness (+0.32 μm, p < 0.05). The PDG vs. DMG had a statistically significant difference in concave depth (+0.23 μm, p < 0.05) and thickness (-0.26 μm, p < 0.05). The MSG was different than the DMG in variables like axial ratio (-0.05 μm) and thickness (-0.25 μm). Besides, higher values of age, HbA1c, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and physical inactivity were associated with altered erythrocyte morphology. AFM is a promising instrument to assess early but subtle changes in erythrocyte morphology (height, axial ratio, concave depth, thickness) before significant pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. HbA1c might have a major effect in altered morphology, vs. metabolic parameters like high triglycerides, body mass index, waist, and physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Popular Autonomous University of the State of Puebla, 21 sur 1103, Barrio de Santiago, 72410, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda Terán-Figueroa
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Lateral Av. Salvador Nava, Lomas, 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Santiago Camacho-Lopez
- Department of Optics, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918. Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier González
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Address: Av. Universidad No.655 Col Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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17
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Dybas J, Bulat K, Blat A, Mohaissen T, Wajda A, Mardyla M, Kaczmarska M, Franczyk-Zarow M, Malek K, Chlopicki S, Marzec KM. Age-related and atherosclerosis-related erythropathy in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165972. [PMID: 32949768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work we applied a multimodal approach to define the age- and atherosclerosis-related biochemical and functional alterations in red blood cells (RBCs) in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Our results revealed that age-related changes in RBCs, such as decreases in RBC deformability and mean height, were more pronounced in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice than in age-matched control mice (C57BL/6J). The decreases in phospholipid content and level of lipid unsaturation were accompanied by an increase in cholesterol esters and esterified lipids in RBC membranes in aged C57BL/6J mice. The age-related decrease in the phospholipid content was more pronounced in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. In contrast, the increase in the total lipid content in RBC membranes occurred only in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice with advanced atherosclerosis. The age-related alterations also included a decrease in the ratio of turns to α-helices in the secondary structure of hemoglobin (Hb) inside intact RBCs. On the other hand, an increase in the ratio of unordered conformations to α-helices of Hb was observed only in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice and occurred already at the age of 5-weeks. This was related to hypercholesterolemia and resulted in an increased oxygen-carrying capacity. In conclusion, progressive mechanical and functional alterations of RBCs in aged ApoE/LDLR-/- mice were more pronounced than in age-matched C57BL/6J mice. Although, several biochemical changes in RBCs in aged ApoE/LDLR-/- mice recapitulated age-dependent changes observed in control mice, some biochemical features of RBC membranes attributed to hypercholesterolemia were distinct and could contribute to the accelerated deterioration of RBC function in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Blat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wajda
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mardyla
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, 78 Jana Pawła II St., 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaczmarska
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Franczyk-Zarow
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzyńskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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18
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Tang F, Chen D, Zhang S, Hu W, Chen J, Zhou H, Zeng Z, Wang X. Elastic hysteresis loop acts as cell deformability in erythrocyte aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183309. [PMID: 32298678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The decrease in cellular deformability shows strong correlation with erythrocyte aging. Cell deformation can be divided into passive deformation and active deformation; however, the active deformation has been ignored in previous studies. In this work, Young's moduli of age-related erythrocytes were tested by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the deformation and passive and active deformation values were calculated by respective areas. Our results showed that erythrocytes in the densest fraction had the highest values of the Young's modulus, deformation, and active deformation, but the lowest values of passive deformation. Moreover, values of the deformation and active deformation both increased gradually with erythrocyte aging. The present data indicate that the elastic hysteresis loop between the approach and the retract curve could be regarded as erythrocyte deformability, and cellular deformability could be characterized by energy states. In addition, active deformation might be a crucial mechanical factor for clearing aged erythrocytes. This could provide an important information on erythrocyte biomechanics in the removal of aged cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medica University, Guizhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medica University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medica University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Houming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China.
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19
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Kiio TM, Park S. Nano-scientific Application of Atomic Force Microscopy in Pathology: from Molecules to Tissues. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:844-858. [PMID: 32308537 PMCID: PMC7163363 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.41805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in biological research are its high imaging resolution, sensitivity, and ability to operate in physiological conditions. Over the past decades, rigorous studies have been performed to determine the potential applications of AFM techniques in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Many pathological conditions are accompanied by alterations in the morphology, adhesion properties, mechanical compliances, and molecular composition of cells and tissues. The accurate determination of such alterations can be utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Alteration in cell morphology represents changes in cell structure and membrane proteins induced by pathologic progression of diseases. Mechanical compliances are also modulated by the active rearrangements of cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix triggered by disease pathogenesis. In addition, adhesion is a critical step in the progression of many diseases including infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in AFM techniques have demonstrated their ability to obtain molecular composition as well as topographic information. The quantitative characterization of molecular alteration in biological specimens in terms of disease progression provides a new avenue to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease onset and progression. In this review, we have highlighted the application of diverse AFM techniques in pathological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soyeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Han Y, Hua W, Wang Y, You G, Li P, Liao F, Zhao L, Ding Y. Improved flowing behaviour and gas exchange of stored red blood cells by a compound porous structure. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1888-1897. [PMID: 31072140 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1614018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Storage lesions in red blood cells (RBCs) hinder efficient circulation and tissue oxygenation. The absence of flow mechanics and gas exchange may contribute to this problem. To test if in vitro compensation of flow mechanics and gas exchange helps RBC recovery, three-dimensional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) porous structures were fabricated with a sugar mould, simulating lung alveoli. RBC suspensions were passed through the porous structure cyclically, simulating in vivo blood circulation. Acid-base indices, partial gas pressures, ions, glucose and RBC indices were analyzed. An atomic force microscope was used to investigate local mechanical properties of intact RBCs. RBCs suspensions that passed through the porous structures had a higher pH and oxygen partial pressure, and a lower potassium concentration and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Meantime they had better biochemical properties relative to static samples, namely, they exhibited a more homogenous distribution of Young's Modulus. RBCs that passed through a PDMS porous structure were healthier than static ones, giving hints to prevent RBC storage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- a College of Life Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Yusu Han
- b Chinese Medical College , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Wenda Hua
- c National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- d Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies , Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Guoxing You
- d Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies , Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Penglong Li
- d Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies , Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Fulong Liao
- c National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Lian Zhao
- d Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies , Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- a College of Life Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
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21
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Loyola-Leyva A, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Terán Figueroa Y, González FJ, Atzori M, Barquera Cervera S. Altered erythrocyte morphology in Mexican adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated by scanning electron microscope. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019; 68:261-270. [PMID: 30860262 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the erythrocyte morphology in people with prediabetes, T2DM and healthy subjects in a Mexican population and its association with biochemical parameters. METHODS Cross-sectional study consisted of three groups: healthy (HG), people with prediabetes (PG) and with T2DM (DMG). A blood sample was obtained from all participants to assess the erythrocyte morphology, and levels of HbA1c, glucose and lipid profile. Anthropometrical parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS It was observed that compared with healthy individuals, people with prediabetes presented a significant decrease in the diameter (-0.08 μm, P = 0.014) and height (-0.07 μm, P = 0.004), as well as people with T2DM (-0.33 μm, P < 0.001 in diameter; and -0.36 μm, P < 0.001 in height). Besides, it was found a significant difference in diameter (-0.25 μm, P < 0.001) and height (-0.29 μm, P < 0.001) between the PG and DMG. No significant differences in the axial ratio between groups. Also, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference were significantly associated with diameter and height. CONCLUSIONS Erythrocyte morphological alterations can serve as an indicator of early diagnosis of T2DM and a factor implicated in the course of the clinical condition, so the correction of these alterations could serve as a treatment for prediabetes and T2DM. It is essential to promote constantly checkups of biochemical and anthropometrical parameters, as well as erythrocyte morphological alterations to prevent the onset of prediabetes and T2DM and possible clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Avenida Venustiano Carranza 2405, Los Filtros, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guerrero (Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero), Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Terán Figueroa
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Av. Niño Artillero 130. Zona Universitaria, 78240, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Francisco Javier González
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Marco Atzori
- Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Lateral Av. Salvador Nava, Lomas, 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Simón Barquera Cervera
- National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Av. Universidad No.655 Col Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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22
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Fohlerova Z, Mozalev A. Anodic formation and biomedical properties of hafnium-oxide nanofilms. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2300-2310. [PMID: 32254678 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hafnium dioxide (HfO2) is attracting attention for bio-related applications due to its good cytocompatibility, high density, and resistance to corrosion and mechanical damage. Here we synthesize two types of hafnium-oxide thin films on substrates via self-organized electrochemical anodization: (1) an array of hierarchically structured nanorods anchored to a thin oxide layer and (2) a microscopically flat oxide film. The nanostructured film is composed of a unique mixture of HfO2, suboxide Hf2O3, and oxide-hydroxide compound HfO2·nH2O whereas the flat film is mainly HfO2. In vitro interaction of the two films with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and Gram-negative E. coli bacteria is studied for the first time to assess the potential of the films for biomedical application. Both films reveal good cytocompatibility and affinity for proteins, represented by fibronectin and especially albumin, which is absorbed in a nine times larger amount. The morphology and specific surface chemistry of the nanostructured film cause a two-fold enhanced antibacterial effect, better cell attachment, significantly improved proliferation of cells, five-fold rise in the cellular Young's modulus, slightly stronger production of reactive oxygen species, and formation of cell clusters. Compared with the flat film, the nanostructured one features the weakening of AFM-measured adhesion force at the cell/surface interface, probably caused by partially lifting the nanorods from the substrate due to the strong contact with cells. The present findings deepen the understanding of biological processes at the living cell/metal-oxide interface, underlying the role of surface chemistry and the impact of nanostructuring at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Fohlerova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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23
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Abstract
As a high-resolution imaging technique, AFM has been found to be a novel tool for cell topography and its quantitative imaging. This chapter is focused on the introduction of AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, which includes the basic principle of AFM imaging, basic operation modes of AFM imaging, AFM imaging of biological sample, critical tips for AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, applications of AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, and perspective. We believe that this work will help to promote the technological and methodological developments of AFM cell topography and its quantitative imaging, promoting further application of AFM in cell biology, immunology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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S AlSalhi M, Devanesan S, E AlZahrani K, AlShebly M, Al-Qahtani F, Farhat K, Masilamani V. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Erythrocytes: Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectral Investigations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112368. [PMID: 30373127 PMCID: PMC6266196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease indicated by high sugar levels in the blood over a prolonged period. When left untreated, it can lead to long-term complications, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetic retinopathy or foot ulcers. Approximately 415 million people (about 8.3% of the world’s population) had diabetes worldwide in 2015, with 90% of the cases classified as Type 2 DM, which is caused by insulin resistance that arises mostly from being overweight and from a lack of exercise. DM affects every part of the body, including the erythrocytes. The aim of the present report is to gain insight into the damage done to the erythrocytes of patients classified with pre-diabetes and diabetes (plenty are found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a country where young people encompass a large segment of the population). The study presents results on the morphological analysis of erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular investigations by fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). Our results indicate significant differences (in the morphology, size, and hemolytic end products) between the erythrocytes of diabetic patients (HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin, levels of 8–10%) and normal controls. It is well-known that DM and smoking are two major contributory factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and our observations presented in this study suggest that diabetes plays a relatively less damaging role than smoking for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid E AlZahrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 1451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mashael AlShebly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Al-Qahtani
- Hematology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Karim Farhat
- Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vadivel Masilamani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Chang HY, Yazdani A, Li X, Douglas KAA, Mantzoros CS, Karniadakis GE. Quantifying Platelet Margination in Diabetic Blood Flow. Biophys J 2018; 115:1371-1382. [PMID: 30224049 PMCID: PMC6170725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) develop thrombotic abnormalities strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the changes of numerous coagulation factors such as elevated levels of thrombin and fibrinogen, the abnormal rheological effects of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets flowing in blood are crucial in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in T2DM. An important process contributing to the latter is the platelet margination. We employ the dissipative particle dynamics method to seamlessly model cells, plasma, and vessel walls. We perform a systematic study on RBC and platelet transport in cylindrical vessels by considering different cell shapes, sizes, and RBC deformabilities in healthy and T2DM blood, as well as variable flowrates and hematocrit. In particular, we use cellular-level RBC and platelet models with parameters derived from patient-specific data and present a sensitivity study. We find T2DM RBCs, which are less deformable compared to normal RBCs, lower the transport of platelets toward the vessel walls, whereas platelets with higher mean volume (often observed in T2DM) lead to enhanced margination. Furthermore, increasing the flowrate or hematocrit enhances platelet margination. We also investigated the effect of platelet shape and observed a nonmonotonic variation with the highest near-wall concentration corresponding to platelets with a moderate aspect ratio of 0.38. We examine the role of white blood cells (WBCs), whose count is increased notably in T2DM patients. We find that WBC rolling or WBC adhesion tends to decrease platelet margination due to hydrodynamic effects. To the best of our knowledge, such simulations of blood including all blood cells have not been performed before, and our quantitative findings can help separate the effects of hydrodynamic interactions from adhesive interactions and potentially shed light on the associated pathological processes in T2DM such as increased inflammatory response, platelet activation and adhesion, and ultimately thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alireza Yazdani
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Konstantinos A A Douglas
- S. Lepida Biomedical Laboratory, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Kulkarni AH, Chatterjee A, Kondaiah P, Gundiah N. TGF-β induces changes in breast cancer cell deformability. Phys Biol 2018; 15:065005. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aac3ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Li H, Papageorgiou DP, Chang HY, Lu L, Yang J, Deng Y. Synergistic Integration of Laboratory and Numerical Approaches in Studies of the Biomechanics of Diseased Red Blood Cells. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E76. [PMID: 30103419 PMCID: PMC6164935 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In red blood cell (RBC) disorders, such as sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, and diabetes, alterations to the size and shape of RBCs due to either mutations of RBC proteins or changes to the extracellular environment, lead to compromised cell deformability, impaired cell stability, and increased propensity to aggregate. Numerous laboratory approaches have been implemented to elucidate the pathogenesis of RBC disorders. Concurrently, computational RBC models have been developed to simulate the dynamics of RBCs under physiological and pathological conditions. In this work, we review recent laboratory and computational studies of disordered RBCs. Distinguished from previous reviews, we emphasize how experimental techniques and computational modeling can be synergically integrated to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Dimitrios P Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Lu Lu
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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28
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Ghosh S, Roy A, Chakraborty I, Mukhopadhyay M, DasGupta S, Sarkar D. Fractal Dimension of Erythrocyte Membranes: A Highly Useful Precursor for Rapid Morphological Assay. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 46:1362-1375. [PMID: 29796956 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-2050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Morphology of erythrocyte membrane has been recognized as an alternative biomarker of several patho-physiological states. Numerous attempts have been made to upgrade the existing method of primitive manual counting, particularly exploring the light scattering properties of erythrocyte. All the techniques are at best semi-empirical and heavily rely on the effectiveness of the statistical correlations. Precisely, this is due to the lack of a non-empirical scale of the so-called "morphological scores". In this article, fractal dimension of erythrocyte membrane has been used to formulate a suitable scoring scale. Subsequently, the rapid experimental output of flow-cytometry has been functionally related to the mean morphological quantifier of the whole cell population via an optimum neural network model (R2 = 0.98). Moreover, the fractal dimension has been further demonstrated to be an important parameter in early detection of an abnormal patho-physiological state, even without any noticeable poikilocytic transformation in micrometric domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayari Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Arpan Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | | | - Sunando DasGupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Debasish Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India.
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Morphological changes in erythrocytes of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated with atomic force microscopy: A brief review. Micron 2017; 105:11-17. [PMID: 29145008 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death among people with T2DM. Morphological changes in erythrocytes have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a new technique that allows non-invasive imaging of cells and the evaluation of changes in mechanical properties. AIM To evaluate by AFM the erythrocytes morphological changes of people with T2DM METHODS: Search was conducted from in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Lilacs. Erythrocyte, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and, Microscopy, Atomic Force were the keywords used for the search. Papers included were cross-sectional studies performed in humans. RESULTS Five of seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy cells, the erythrocytes from individuals affected by T2DM had morphological changes such as a decreased concave depth, diameter, height and a deformation index, while axial ratio, stiffness, adhesive force, aggregation, and rigidity index were increased. The results regarding the erythrocyte roughness were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS The AFM is an excellent instrument to study the altered erythrocytes of subjects affected by T2DM. Morphology changes in erythrocytes could lead to cardiovascular events, which are major complications in people living with this disease.
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Yeow N, Tabor RF, Garnier G. Atomic force microscopy: From red blood cells to immunohaematology. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:149-162. [PMID: 28515013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers complementary imaging modes that can provide morphological and structural details of red blood cells (RBCs), and characterize interactions between specific biomolecules and RBC surface antigen. This review describes the applications of AFM in determining RBC health by the observation of cell morphology, elasticity and surface roughness. Measurement of interaction forces between plasma proteins and antibodies against RBC surface antigen using the AFM also brought new information to the immunohaematology field. With constant improvisation of the AFM in resolution and imaging time, the reaction of RBC to changes in the physico-chemistry of its environment and the presence of RBC surface antigen specific-biomolecules is achievable.
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31
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Chang HY, Li X, Karniadakis GE. Modeling of Biomechanics and Biorheology of Red Blood Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biophys J 2017; 113:481-490. [PMID: 28746858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with reduced cell deformability and elevated blood viscosity, which contribute to impaired blood flow and other pathophysiological aspects of diabetes-related vascular complications. In this study, by using a two-component red blood cell (RBC) model and systematic parameter variation, we perform detailed computational simulations to probe the alteration of the biomechanical, rheological, and dynamic behavior of T2DM RBCs in response to morphological change and membrane stiffening. First, we examine the elastic response of T2DM RBCs subject to static tensile forcing and their viscoelastic relaxation response upon release of the stretching force. Second, we investigate the membrane fluctuations of T2DM RBCs and explore the effect of cell shape on the fluctuation amplitudes. Third, we subject the T2DM RBCs to shear flow and probe the effects of cell shape and effective membrane viscosity on their tank-treading movement. In addition, we model the cell dynamic behavior in a microfluidic channel with constriction and quantify the biorheological properties of individual T2DM RBCs. Finally, we simulate T2DM RBC suspensions under shear and compare the predicted viscosity with experimental measurements. Taken together, these simulation results and their comparison with currently available experimental data are helpful in identifying a specific parametric model-the first of its kind, to our knowledge-that best describes the main hallmarks of T2DM RBCs, which can be used in future simulation studies of hematologic complications of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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32
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Preedy EC, Perni S, Prokopovich P. Cobalt and titanium nanoparticles influence on mesenchymal stem cell elasticity and turgidity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:146-156. [PMID: 28586727 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone cells are damaged by wear particles originating from total joint replacement implants. We investigated Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) nanomechanical properties when exposed to cobalt and titanium nanoparticles (resembling wear debris) of different sizes for up to 3days using AFM nanoindentation; along with flow-cytometry and MTT assay. The results demonstrated that cells exposed to increasing concentrations of nanoparticles had a lower value of elasticity and spring constant without significant effect on cell metabolic activity and viability but some morphological alteration (bleeping). Cobalt induced greater effects than titanium and this is consistent with the general knowledge of cyto-compatibility of the later. This work demonstrates for the first time that metal nanoparticles do not only influence MSCs enzymes activity but also cell structure; however, they do not result in full membrane damage. Furthermore, the mechanical changes are concentration and particles composition dependent but little influenced by the particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Perni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Polina Prokopovich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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33
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Ding Y, Xu GK, Wang GF. On the determination of elastic moduli of cells by AFM based indentation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45575. [PMID: 28368053 PMCID: PMC5377332 DOI: 10.1038/srep45575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used to measure the mechanical properties of biological cells through indentations. In most of existing studies, the cell is supposed to be linear elastic within the small strain regime when analyzing the AFM indentation data. However, in experimental situations, the roles of large deformation and surface tension of cells should be taken into consideration. Here, we use the neo-Hookean model to describe the hyperelastic behavior of cells and investigate the influence of surface tension through finite element simulations. At large deformation, a correction factor, depending on the geometric ratio of indenter radius to cell radius, is introduced to modify the force-indent depth relation of classical Hertzian model. Moreover, when the indent depth is comparable with an intrinsic length defined as the ratio of surface tension to elastic modulus, the surface tension evidently affects the indentation response, indicating an overestimation of elastic modulus by the Hertzian model. The dimensionless-analysis-based theoretical predictions, which include both large deformation and surface tension, are in good agreement with our finite element simulation data. This study provides a novel method to more accurately measure the mechanical properties of biological cells and soft materials in AFM indentation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Gang-Feng Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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34
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Yanez LZ, Camarillo DB. Microfluidic analysis of oocyte and embryo biomechanical properties to improve outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:235-247. [PMID: 27932552 PMCID: PMC5909856 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of oocyte and embryo biomechanical properties has recently emerged as an exciting new approach to obtain a quantitative, objective estimate of developmental potential. However, many traditional methods for probing cell mechanical properties are time consuming, labor intensive and require expensive equipment. Microfluidic technology is currently making its way into many aspects of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and is particularly well suited to measure embryo biomechanics due to the potential for robust, automated single-cell analysis at a low cost. This review will highlight microfluidic approaches to measure oocyte and embryo mechanics along with their ability to predict developmental potential and find practical application in the clinic. Although these new devices must be extensively validated before they can be integrated into the existing clinical workflow, they could eventually be used to constantly monitor oocyte and embryo developmental progress and enable more optimal decision making in ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Z. Yanez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David B. Camarillo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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35
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Atomic force microscopy for the investigation of molecular and cellular behavior. Micron 2016; 89:60-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Gavara N. A beginner's guide to atomic force microscopy probing for cell mechanics. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:75-84. [PMID: 27676584 PMCID: PMC5217064 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) is becoming a prevalent tool in cell biology and biomedical studies, especially those focusing on the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. The newest generation of bio-AFMs combine ease of use and seamless integration with live-cell epifluorescence or more advanced optical microscopies. As a unique feature with respect to other bionanotools, AFM provides nanometer-resolution maps for cell topography, stiffness, viscoelasticity, and adhesion, often overlaid with matching optical images of the probed cells. This review is intended for those about to embark in the use of bio-AFMs, and aims to assist them in designing an experiment to measure the mechanical properties of adherent cells. In addition to describing the main steps in a typical cell mechanics protocol and explaining how data is analysed, this review will also discuss some of the relevant contact mechanics models available and how they have been used to characterize specific features of cellular and biological samples. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:75-84, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Gavara
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 3NS, UK
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37
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Zhu H, Jin H, Pi J, Bai H, Yang F, Wu C, Jiang J, Cai J. Apigenin induced apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells by destruction membrane structures. SCANNING 2016; 38:322-8. [PMID: 26435325 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin has shown to have killing effects on some kinds of solid tumor cells. However, the changes in cell membrane induced by apigenin on subcellular- or nanometer-level were still unclear. In this work, human esophageal cancer cells (EC9706 and KYSE150 cells) were employed as cell model to detect the cytotoxicity of apigenin, including cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, membrane toxicity, etc. MTT assay showed that apigenin could remarkably inhibit the growth and proliferation in both types of cells. Annexin V/PI-based flow cytometry analysis showed that the cytotoxic effects of apigenin in KYSE150 cells were mainly through early apoptosis induction, while in EC9706 cells, necrosis, and apoptosis were both involved in cell death. The morphological and ultrastructural properties induced by apigenin were investigated at single cellular- or nanometer-level using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured to assess the changes in membrane permeability. The results indicated that apigenin increased the membrane permeability and caused leakage of LDH, which was consistent with damages on membrane ultrastructure detected by AFM. Therefore, membrane toxicity, including membrane ultrastructure damages and enhanced membrane permeability, played vital roles in apigenin induced human esophageal cancer cell apoptosis. SCANNING 38:322-328, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Haihua Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chaomin Wu
- Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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38
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Effect of Porphyrin Sensitizer MgTPPS4 on Cytoskeletal System of HeLa Cell Line-Microscopic Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:419-25. [PMID: 27324041 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are an important group of sensitizers with a porphyrin skeleton. Their photophysical properties are significantly affected by the nature of the central ion. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of a cervix carcinoma cell line which underwent photodynamic treatment (PDT) with MgTPPS4 photosensitzer. Atomic force microscopy alongside confocal microscopy was used to quantify and qualify the structural characteristics before and after PDT. Cells before PDT showed a fine actin network and higher elasticity with the median of Young modulus 12.2 kPa. After PDT, the median of Young modulus was 13.4 kPa and a large redistribution in the actin network was observed.
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39
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Fang Z, Jiang C, Tang J, He M, Lin X, Chen X, Han L, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Guo Y, Li H, Jiang W. A comprehensive analysis of membrane and morphology of erythrocytes from patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Zhang L, Pi J, Shi Q, Cai J, Yang P, Liang Z. In situ single molecule detection of insulin receptors on erythrocytes from a type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis patient by atomic force microscopy. Analyst 2016; 140:7407-16. [PMID: 26405719 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an insulin-dependent metabolic disorder always associated with ketoacidosis and a high morbidity rate in teenagers. The in situ single molecule detection of insulin receptors on healthy and diseased erythrocytes is helpful to understand the pathomechanism of type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis (T1-DKA), which would also benefit the diagnosis and treatment of T1-DKA. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the single molecule interaction between insulin and insulin receptor on erythrocytes from a healthy volunteer and a T1-DKA patient using high sensitivity atomic force microscopy (AFM) in PBS solution. The single molecule force results demonstrated the decreased binding force and binding probability between insulin and insulin receptor on T1-DKA erythrocytes, implying the deficit of insulin receptor functions in T1-DKA. The binding kinetic parameters calculated from dynamic force spectroscopy indicated that the insulin-insulin receptor complexes on T1-DKA erythrocytes were less stable than those from healthy volunteer. Using high resolution AFM imaging, a decreased roughness was found both in intact T1-DKA erythrocytes and in the purified membrane of T1-DKA erythrocytes, and an increased stiffness was also found in T1-DKA erythrocytes. Moreover, AFM, which was used to investigate the single molecule interactions between insulin-insulin receptor, cell surface ultrastructure and stiffness in healthy and diseased erythrocytes, was expected to develop into a potential nanotool for pathomechanism studies of clinical samples at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu D, Wang X, Qin W, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhuang M, Sun B. Suppressive effect of exogenous carbon monoxide on endotoxin-stimulated platelet over-activation via the glycoprotein-mediated PI3K-Akt-GSK3β pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23653. [PMID: 27020460 PMCID: PMC4810323 DOI: 10.1038/srep23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation is an important event involved in the pathophysiological processes of the coagulation system. Clinical evidence has shown that platelets undergo distinctive pathological processes during sepsis. Unfortunately, how platelets physiologically respond to inflammation or sepsis is not well understood. In this study, we used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated platelet model to systemically investigate alterations in membrane glycoprotein expression, molecular signaling, morphology and critical functions of platelets. We found that platelet adhesion, aggregation, secretion, and spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and the expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins were significantly increased by LPS stimulation, and these changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in cGMP levels and an abnormal distribution of platelet α-granules. Exogenous CO reversed these alterations. Profound morphological changes in LPS-stimulated platelets were observed using atomic force microscopy and phase microscopy. Furthermore, the elevated activities of PI3Ks, AKt and GSK-3β were effectively suppressed by exogenous CO, leading to the improvement of platelet function. Together, these results provide evidence that platelet over-activation persists under LPS-stimulation and that exogenous CO plays an important role in suppressing platelet activation via the glycoprotein-mediated PI3K-Akt-GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiting Qin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingjia Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- School of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhuang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Mukherjee R, Saha M, Routray A, Chakraborty C. Nanoscale Surface Characterization of Human Erythrocytes by Atomic Force Microscopy: A Critical Review. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:625-33. [PMID: 25935044 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2424674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), the most common type of blood cells in humans are well known for their ability in transporting oxygen to the whole body through hemoglobin. Alterations in their membrane skeletal proteins modify shape and mechanical properties resulting in several diseases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a new emerging technique allows non-invasive imaging of cell, its membrane and characterization of surface roughness at micrometer/nanometer resolution with minimal sample preparation. AFM imaging provides direct measurement of single cell morphology, its alteration and quantitative data on surface properties. Hence, AFM studies of human RBCs have picked up pace in the last decade. The aim of this paper is to review the various applications of AFM for characterization of human RBCs topology. AFM has been used for studying surface characteristics like nanostructure of membranes, cytoskeleton, microstructure, fluidity, vascular endothelium, etc., of human RBCs. Various modes of AFM imaging has been used to measure surface properties like stiffness, roughness, and elasticity. Topological alterations of erythrocytes in response to different pathological conditions have also been investigated by AFM. Thus, AFM-based studies and application of image processing techniques can effectively provide detailed insights about the morphology and membrane properties of human erythrocytes at nanoscale.
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Pretorius E, Bester J, Vermeulen N, Alummoottil S, Soma P, Buys AV, Kell DB. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is accompanied by significant morphological and ultrastructural changes in both erythrocytes and in thrombin-generated fibrin: implications for diagnostics. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:30. [PMID: 25848817 PMCID: PMC4364097 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have noted in previous work, in a variety of inflammatory diseases, where iron dysregulation occurs, a strong tendency for erythrocytes to lose their normal discoid shape and to adopt a skewed morphology (as judged by their axial ratios in the light microscope and by their ultrastructure in the SEM). Similarly, the polymerization of fibrinogen, as induced in vitro by added thrombin, leads not to the common ‘spaghetti-like’ structures but to dense matted deposits. Type 2 diabetes is a known inflammatory disease. In the present work, we found that the axial ratio of the erythrocytes of poorly controlled (as suggested by increased HbA1c levels) type 2 diabetics was significantly increased, and that their fibrin morphologies were again highly aberrant. As judged by scanning electron microscopy and in the atomic force microscope, these could be reversed, to some degree, by the addition of the iron chelators deferoxamine (DFO) or deferasirox (DFX). As well as their demonstrated diagnostic significance, these morphological indicators may have prognostic value.
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Haase K, Pelling AE. Investigating cell mechanics with atomic force microscopy. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20140970. [PMID: 25589563 PMCID: PMC4345470 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of mechanical force is crucial for normal cell development and functioning. However, the process of mechanotransduction cannot be studied in isolation from cell mechanics. Thus, in order to understand how cells 'feel', we must first understand how they deform and recover from physical perturbations. Owing to its versatility, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a popular tool to study intrinsic cellular mechanical properties. Used to directly manipulate and examine whole and subcellular reactions, AFM allows for top-down and reconstitutive approaches to mechanical characterization. These studies show that the responses of cells and their components are complex, and largely depend on the magnitude and time scale of loading. In this review, we generally describe the mechanotransductive process through discussion of well-known mechanosensors. We then focus on discussion of recent examples where AFM is used to specifically probe the elastic and inelastic responses of single cells undergoing deformation. We present a brief overview of classical and current models often used to characterize observed cellular phenomena in response to force. Both simple mechanistic models and complex nonlinear models have been used to describe the observed cellular behaviours, however a unifying description of cell mechanics has not yet been resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Haase
- Department of Physics, Centre for Interdisciplinary NanoPhysics, MacDonald Hall, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew E Pelling
- Department of Physics, Centre for Interdisciplinary NanoPhysics, MacDonald Hall, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Science Society and Policy, Desmarais Building, 55 Laurier Ave. East, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Gowd V, Nandini CD. Erythrocytes in the combined milieu of high glucose and high cholesterol shows glycosaminoglycan-dependent cytoadherence to extracellular matrix components. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 73:182-8. [PMID: 25475844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathological conditions are bound to affect the molecules on erythrocytes, and accordingly affect their functions. Chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate (CS/DS), one of the classes of molecules found to be expressed in erythrocytes was previously observed by us to be either overexpressed in diabetic condition or undergo structural changes in hypercholesterolemic condition. Both of them had implications on their binding to extracellular matrix components (ECM). In the present work, we have explored the quantitative changes in erythrocyte glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their role in erythrocyte binding towards ECM components in the combined milieu of both diabetes and hypercholesterolemia (SFHD). Membrane cholesterol was significantly higher in SFHD group compared to control (SFC) and diabetic groups (SFD). Interestingly, there were no quantitative changes in CS/DS compared to SFC erythrocytes, but showed significantly increased cytoadherence to selected ECM components to various extents. Binding was partly dependent on CS/DS as digesting the chains resulted in relatively decreased cytoadherence. It also showed significantly increased binding to chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate. Thus, combined milieu of high glucose and high cholesterol can have more deleterious consequences than either of them independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemana Gowd
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India.
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Liu J, Li J. Detection of erythrocytes in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia using atomic force microscopy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:420-5. [PMID: 24675428 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological changes of erythrocytes are detected at the nanometer scale, which is important for revealing the onset of diseases and diagnosis. The aim of this study is to examine the ultrastructural changes of erythrocytes in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) at a nanometer scale. Blood samples were collected from two healthy volunteers, two WM patients, and three multiple myeloma (MM) patients when they were first diagnosed. The changes of morphology in the erythrocytes were studied at the nanometer level by high-resolution atomic force microscopy imaging (AFM). Compared with the healthy controls and the MM patients, there were dramatic deformations in the overall shape and surface membrane of the erythrocytes in WM patients. Healthy, pathological WM, and MM erythrocytes could be distinguished by several morphological parameters, including the width, length, length-to-width ratio, valley, peak, peak-to-valley, and Ra. AFM is able to detect the morphological differences in the red blood cells from WM patients, healthy controls, and MM patients. Therefore, the erythrocyte morphology is an important parameter for the diagnosis of WM, which can be used to distinguish WM from MM. The changes of ultrastructure in red blood cells may provide a clue to reveal the mechanism of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Bester J, Buys AV, Lipinski B, Kell DB, Pretorius E. High ferritin levels have major effects on the morphology of erythrocytes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:88. [PMID: 24367334 PMCID: PMC3853801 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Unliganded iron both contributes to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and also changes the morphology of erythrocytes (RBCs). We tested the hypothesis that these two facts might be linked, i.e., that the RBCs of AD individuals have a variant morphology, that might have diagnostic or prognostic value. Methods: We included a literature survey of AD and its relationships to the vascular system, followed by a laboratory study. Four different microscopy techniques were used and results statistically compared to analyze trends between high and normal serum ferritin (SF) AD individuals. Results: Light and scanning electron microscopies showed little difference between the morphologies of RBCs taken from healthy individuals and from normal SF AD individuals. By contrast, there were substantial changes in the morphology of RBCs taken from high SF AD individuals. These differences were also observed using confocal microscopy and as a significantly greater membrane stiffness (measured using force-distance curves). Conclusion: We argue that high ferritin levels may contribute to an accelerated pathology in AD. Our findings reinforce the importance of (unliganded) iron in AD, and suggest the possibility both of an early diagnosis and some means of treating or slowing down the progress of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Antoinette V Buys
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of Pretoria Arcadia, South Africa
| | | | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester Lancs, UK
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia, South Africa
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48
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Tran R, Myers DR, Ciciliano J, Trybus Hardy EL, Sakurai Y, Ahn B, Qiu Y, Mannino RG, Fay ME, Lam WA. Biomechanics of haemostasis and thrombosis in health and disease: from the macro- to molecular scale. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:579-96. [PMID: 23490277 PMCID: PMC3822810 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the processes of haemostasis and thrombosis have been studied extensively in the past several decades, much of the effort has been spent characterizing the biological and biochemical aspects of clotting. More recently, researchers have discovered that the function and physiology of blood cells and plasma proteins relevant in haematologic processes are mechanically, as well as biologically, regulated. This is not entirely surprising considering the extremely dynamic fluidic environment that these blood components exist in. Other cells in the body such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells have been found to biologically respond to their physical and mechanical environments, affecting aspects of cellular physiology as diverse as cytoskeletal architecture to gene expression to alterations of vital signalling pathways. In the circulation, blood cells and plasma proteins are constantly exposed to forces while they, in turn, also exert forces to regulate clot formation. These mechanical factors lead to biochemical and biomechanical changes on the macro- to molecular scale. Likewise, biochemical and biomechanical alterations in the microenvironment can ultimately impact the mechanical regulation of clot formation. The ways in which these factors all balance each other can be the difference between haemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we review how the biomechanics of blood cells intimately interact with the cellular and molecular biology to regulate haemostasis and thrombosis in the context of health and disease from the macro- to molecular scale. We will also show how these biomechanical forces in the context of haemostasis and thrombosis have been replicated or measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David R Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jordan Ciciliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elaissa L Trybus Hardy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Byungwook Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert G Mannino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lukyanenko LM, Skarabahatava AS, Slobozhanina EI, Kovaliova SA, Falcioni ML, Falcioni G. In vitro effect of AlCl3 on human erythrocytes: changes in membrane morphology and functionality. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013. [PMID: 23199702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum belongs to a group of potential toxic elements capable of penetrating the human body. In this paper, the effect of aluminum concentrations on red blood cell membranes using different fluorescent probes able to localize in various parts of the phospholipid bilayer (TMA-DPH, laurdan and pyrene) were studied. Our results confirm that human erythrocytes exposed to aluminum undergo physico-chemical modifications at the membrane level. A decrease in fluorescence anisotropy of TMA-DPH and in the polarity of the lipid bilayer with a concomitant shift toward a gel phase was observed, and the pyrene excimerization coefficient (kex) increased. Furthermore, the presence of aluminum induced lipid peroxidation and reduced the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSHPx). Al-induced morphological changes on the erythrocyte membrane surface were monitored using atomic force microscopy. These results provide further information on the target of action of different aluminum amounts.
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50
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Buys AV, Van Rooy MJ, Soma P, Van Papendorp D, Lipinski B, Pretorius E. Changes in red blood cell membrane structure in type 2 diabetes: a scanning electron and atomic force microscopy study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:25. [PMID: 23356738 PMCID: PMC3599682 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are highly deformable and possess a robust membrane that can withstand shear force. Previous research showed that in diabetic patients, there is a changed RBC ultrastructure, where these cells are elongated and twist around spontaneously formed fibrin fibers. These changes may impact erythrocyte function. Ultrastructural analysis of RBCs in inflammatory and degenerative diseases can no longer be ignored and should form a fundamental research tool in clinical studies. Consequently, we investigated the membrane roughness and ultrastructural changes in type 2 diabetes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study membrane roughness and we correlate this with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare results of both the techniques with the RBCs of healthy individuals. We show that the combined AFM and SEM analyses of RBCs give valuable information about the disease status of patients with diabetes. Effectiveness of treatment regimes on the integrity, cell shape and roughness of RBCs may be tracked, as this cell’s health status is crucial to the overall wellness of the diabetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette V Buys
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, ARCADIA, Pretoria, South Africa.
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