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Jiao M, Zhang Y, Song X, Xu B. The role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in disease progression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354952. [PMID: 38629066 PMCID: PMC11019510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain containing protein-5 (TXNDC5), also known as endothelial protein-disulfide isomerase (Endo-PDI), is confined to the endoplasmic reticulum through the structural endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL), is a member of the PDI protein family and is highly expressed in the hypoxic state. TXNDC5 can regulate the rate of disulfide bond formation, isomerization and degradation of target proteins through its function as a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), thereby altering protein conformation, activity and improving protein stability. Several studies have shown that there is a significant correlation between TXNDC5 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, fibrosis and tumors. In this paper, we detail the expression characteristics of TXNDC5 in a variety of diseases, summarize the mechanisms by which TXNDC5 promotes malignant disease progression, and summarize potential therapeutic strategies to target TXNDC5 for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Jiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yeyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Bidooki SH, Sánchez-Marco J, Martínez-Beamonte R, Herrero-Continente T, Navarro MA, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Osada J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein TXNDC5 Interacts with PRDX6 and HSPA9 to Regulate Glutathione Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation in the Hepatic AML12 Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17131. [PMID: 38138960 PMCID: PMC10743020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or steatosis is an accumulation of fat in the liver. Increased amounts of non-esterified fatty acids, calcium deficiency, or insulin resistance may disturb endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, which leads to the abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins, activating the unfolded protein response. The ER is the primary location site for chaperones like thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5). Glutathione participates in cellular oxidative stress, and its interaction with TXNDC5 in the ER may decrease the disulfide bonds of this protein. In addition, glutathione is utilized by glutathione peroxidases to inactivate oxidized lipids. To characterize proteins interacting with TXNDC5, immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used. Lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, inducible phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) and hepatic transcriptome were assessed in the AML12 and TXNDC5-deficient AML12 cell lines. The results showed that HSPA9 and PRDX6 interact with TXNDC5 in AML12 cells. In addition, TXNDC5 deficiency reduced the protein levels of PRDX6 and HSPA9 in AML12. Moreover, lipid peroxidation, glutathione and iPLA2 activities were significantly decreased in TXNDC5-deficient cells, and to find the cause of the PRDX6 protein reduction, proteasome suppression revealed no considerable effect on it. Finally, hepatic transcripts connected to PRDX6 and HSPA9 indicated an increase in the Dnaja3, Mfn2 and Prdx5 and a decrease in Npm1, Oplah, Gstp3, Gstm6, Gstt1, Serpina1a, Serpina1b, Serpina3m, Hsp90aa1 and Rps14 mRNA levels in AML12 KO cells. In conclusion, the lipid peroxidation system and glutathione mechanism in AML12 cells may be disrupted by the absence of TXNDC5, a novel protein-protein interacting partner of PRDX6 and HSPA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hesamoddin Bidooki
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (T.H.-C.); (M.A.N.)
- CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64 000 Pau, France
- MANTA—Marine Materials Research Group, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64 600 Anglet, France
| | - Javier Sánchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (T.H.-C.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (T.H.-C.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Herrero-Continente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (T.H.-C.); (M.A.N.)
| | - María A. Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (T.H.-C.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (T.H.-C.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kocatürk B. Identification of thioredoxin domain containing family members' expression pattern and prognostic value in diffuse gliomas via in silico analysis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:3830-3844. [PMID: 36106447 PMCID: PMC9939227 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the central nervous system. Their aggressive nature and the obstacles arising during therapy highlights the importance of finding new prognostic markers and therapy targets for gliomas. TXNDC genes are members of the thioredoxin superfamily and were shown to play a role in redox homeostasis, protein folding, electron transfer and also acting as cellular adapters. The well known contribution of these processes in cancer progression prompted us to investigate if TXNDC family members may also play a role in carcinogenesis, in particular diffuse gliomas. METHODS The present study used in silico analysis tools GEPIA, UCSC Xena, Gliovis, cBioPortal, and Ivy GAP to evaluate the expression pattern, prognostic value and clinical significance of TXNDC family members in diffuse gliomas. RESULTS Our analysis showed that TXNDC family members' expression pattern differ between tumors and healthy tissues and among tumors with different grades. The detailed analysis of TXNDC5 in glioma pathogenesis revealed that TXNDC5 expression is associated with more aggressive clinical and molecular features and poor therapy success both in LGG and GBM samples. Kaplan-Meier survival curves represented a worse prognosis for patients with leveated TXNDC5 levels in LGG and all grade glioma patients. The levels of TXNDC5 was shown to be possibly regulated by hypoxia-ER stress axis and a potential mechanism for TXNDC5-driven glioma progression was found to be extracellular matrix (ECM) production which is known to promote tumor aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncovered the previously unknown role of TXNDC family members in glioma pathogenesis and showed that TXNDC5 levels could serve as a predictor of clinical outcome and therapy success and may very well be used for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Kocatürk
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Jiang H, Thapa P, Hao Y, Ding N, Alshahrani A, Wei Q. Protein Disulfide Isomerases Function as the Missing Link Between Diabetes and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1191-1205. [PMID: 36000195 PMCID: PMC9805878 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetes has long been recognized as an independent risk factor for cancer, but there is insufficient mechanistic understanding of biological mediators that bridge two disorders together. Understanding the pathogenic association between diabetes and cancer has become the focus of many studies, and findings are potentially valuable for the development of effective preventive or therapeutic strategies for both disorders. Recent Advances: A summary of literature reveals a possible connection between diabetes and cancer through the family of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Historical as well as the most recent findings on the structure, biochemistry, and biology of the PDI family were summarized in this review. Critical Issues: PDIs in general function as redox enzymes and protein chaperones to control the quality of proteins by correcting or otherwise eliminating misfolded proteins in conditions of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, respectively. However, individual members of the PDI family may contribute uniquely to the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer. Studies of exemplary members such as protein disulfide isomerase-associated (PDIA) 1, PDIA6, and PDIA15 were reviewed to highlight their contributions in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer and how they can be potential links bridging the two disorders through the cross talk of signaling pathways. Future Directions: Apparently ubiquitous presence of the PDIs creates difficulties and challenges for scientific community to develop targeted therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and cancer simultaneously. Understanding molecular contribution of individual PDI in the context of specific disease may provide some insights into the development of mechanism-based target-directed therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1191-1205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pratik Thapa
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yanning Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Wang X, Li H, Chang X. The role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in diseases. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:145. [PMID: 35934705 PMCID: PMC9358121 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. It can promote the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds, ensuring proper protein folding. TXNDC5 has three Trx-like domains, which can act independently to introduce disulfide bonds rapidly and disorderly. TXNDC5 is abnormally expressed in various diseases, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. It can protect cells from oxidative stress, promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and promote the progression of disease. Aberrant expression of TXNDC5 in different diseases suggests its role in disease diagnosis. In addition, targeting TXNDC5 in the treatment of diseases has shown promising application prospects. This article reviews the structure and function of TXNDC5 as well as its role and mechanism in cancer, RA and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, China.
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Wang Z, Chen Z, Fang F, Qiu W. The role of adiponectin in periodontitis: Current state and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111358. [PMID: 33561644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), which is an adipokine primarily secreted by adipose tissue into the peripheral blood, exerts anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory functions in many systemic inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a localized inflammatory disease and is also the sixth-leading complication of diabetes. Uncontrolled periodontal inflammation gradually destructs the periodontal supporting apparatus and leads to the consequent loss of teeth. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed an association between APN and periodontitis. Herein, we summarize the basic information of APN and its receptor agonists. We also overview current studies considering the role of APN in periodontitis and discuss the potential mechanisms in terms of inflammation and bone metabolism. At last, we outline the correlation between APN and systemic diseases related periodontitis. Above all, APN and its agonists are promising candidates for the treatment of periodontitis, while the underlying mechanisms and clinical translational application require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zehao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Sandamalika WMG, Samaraweera AV, Yang H, Lee J. A newly discovered teleost disulfide isomerase, thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), from big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis): Insights into its molecular and functional properties and immune regulatory functions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103827. [PMID: 32805308 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a recently discovered member of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI), which is mainly involved in the proper folding of and the correct formation of disulfide bonds in newly synthesized proteins via its disulfide isomerase and chaperone activities. Although the structural and functional features of mammalian TXNDC5 have been explored in previous studies, no studies have reported the functional characteristics of TXNDC5 in teleost fish. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of TXNDC5 from big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) (ShTXNDC5) accompanied by functional studies. The in-silico analysis revealed that the gene encodes a 433 amino acid (aa) long polypeptide chain with a predicted molecular weight of 49.3 kDa. According to homology analysis, ShTXNDC5 shares more than 55% sequence similarity with other teleost TXNDC5 proteins, and the alignment of the gene sequence convincingly reflects the accepted phylogeny of teleost. Analysis of the spatial distribution of ShTXNDC5 expression showed that its highest expression was observed in the ovary, gill, and pouch of seahorses. Moreover, significant upregulation of ShTXNDC5 transcription was noted in seahorse blood and kidney tissues in a time-dependent manner upon viral and bacterial immune challenges. Furthermore, considerable NADPH turnover, insulin reduction ability and significant cell survival effects of ShTXNDC5 were determined by the functional assay, revealing its capability to overcome cellular oxidative stress. Altogether, these findings expand our understanding of TXNDC5 at the molecular and functional levels, and its putative role in seahorse immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Gayashani Sandamalika
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Anushka Vidurangi Samaraweera
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Role of Adiponectin in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218265. [PMID: 33158216 PMCID: PMC7662687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, characterized by progressive articular damage and joint dysfunction. One of the symptoms of this disease is persistent inflammatory infiltration of the synovial membrane, the principle site of inflammation in RA. In the affected conditions, the cells of the synovial membrane, fibroblast-like synoviocytes and macrophage-like synovial cells, produce enzymes degrading cartilage and underlining bone tissue, as well as cytokines increasing the infiltration of immune cells. In patients with RA, higher levels of adiponectin are measured in the serum and synovial fluid. Adiponectin, a secretory product that is mainly white adipose tissue, is a multifunctional protein with dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties. Several studies underline the fact that adiponectin can play an important pro-inflammatory role in the pathophysiology of RA via stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. This narrative review is devoted to the presentation of recent knowledge on the role played by one of the adipokines produced by adipose tissue—adiponectin—in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Ge W, Huang S, Liu S, Sun J, Liu Z, Yang W, Wang L, Song L. A novel Adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) involved in regulating cytokines production and apoptosis of haemocytes in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 110:103727. [PMID: 32387471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) comprise a seven-transmembrane domain-containing protein family, which specifically recognize adiponectin (APN) and play critical roles in the immunological and physiological processes in vertebrates. In the present study, a novel AdipoR is identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated as CgAdipoR). The full-length cDNA of CgAdipoR is of 1209 bp encoding a polypeptide of 343 amino acids. There is an N-terminal domain, a Hly III domain, and a C-terminal domain in CgAdipoR. After the transfection of CgAdipoR, the level of intracellular Ca2+ into HEK293T cells increases significantly (1.36-fold, p < 0.05) after APN incubation. The mRNA transcripts of CgAdipoR are widely distributed in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression level in haemocytes (3.20-fold of that in hepatopancreas, p < 0.05). After lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Vibrio splendidus and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) stimulations, the mRNA expression of CgAdipoR in haemocytes is significantly up-regulated and reached the highest level at 24 h (15.07-fold, p < 0.01), 6 h (4.39-fold, p < 0.01) and 24 h (5.62-fold, p < 0.01) compared to control group, respectively. After CgAdipoR is interfered by specific CgAdipoR-dsRNA, the expression level of interleukins (CgIL17-1, CgIL17-2, CgIL17-3 and CgIL17-5) in haemocytes decreases significantly (p < 0.01) at 24 h post LPS stimulation, while the expression level of CgTNF-1 increases significantly (1.68-fold, p < 0.01), compared to that in the dsEGFP group. In CgAdipoR dsRNA-injected oysters, the mRNA expressions of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in haemocytes significantly decreases at 24 h after LPS challenge, which is (0.58-fold, p < 0.05) of that in dsEGFP-injected oysters, while the apoptotic rate of haemocytes is significantly up-regulated (1.93-fold of that in dsEGFP group, p < 0.05). These results collectively suggest that CgAdipoR plays an important role in the immune response of oysters by regulating the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and haemocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ge
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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CTRP9: An emerging potential anti-aging molecule in brain. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109694. [PMID: 32540339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related proteins (CTRPs) particularly CTRP9, have been established to be as adiponectin (APN) highly conserved paralogs which assemble several APN regulatory functions. Recently, growing body of evidences drawn significant attention to evaluate metabolic and cardiovascular effect of CTRP9. However, the potential role of CTRP9 in brain tissue has not yet fully illustrated. Here, we aimed to uncover latest advances regarding the CTRP9 related signaling pathways and during brain aging process.
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11
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Ji R, Xu X, Xiang X, Zhu S, Li Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Regulation of adiponectin on lipid metabolism in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158711. [PMID: 32289502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), an adipose tissue-derived hormone, plays a key role in regulating energy metabolism in mammals. However, its physiological roles in teleosts remain poorly understood. In the present study, the apn gene was cloned from large yellow croaker, which was mainly expressed in the adipose, muscle and liver. Further studies showed that adaptor protein phosphotyrosine interaction PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1) was localized in the cytoplasm near the cell membrane and was directly bounded to adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs). Meanwhile, APN played a crucial role in lipid metabolism of primary muscle cells by promoting the synthesis, oxidation and transport of fatty acids, and the promoting effects were blocked by knockdown of appl1 and AdipoRs. Furthermore, the activation/inhibition of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPARγ) enhanced/suppressed the APN-mediated lipid metabolism. Overall, results showed that APN mediated lipid metabolism through AdipoRs-APPL1 activated PPARγ and further regulated the synthesis, oxidation and transport of FA. This study will facilitate the investigation of APN functions in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis and reveal the evolution of lipids utilization and energy homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
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12
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Soumya D, Swetha D, Momin S, Gowtham RR, Dakshinamurthy E, Bharathi T, Sai Gopal DVR. Role of Adiponectin in Cervical Cancer. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1033-1038. [PMID: 31902354 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200103113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical Cancer (CC) is the most common leading cancer in women globally. This is considered to be the type of cancer that is restricted to women. Any women in the reproductive age range can develop CC. However, women between the ages of 25 and 39 are at a higher risk. OBJECTIVE In comparison with developed countries, the screening and awareness of CC in developing countries are significantly low. Infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of CC, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18. Other than HPV, there are other factors that can contribute to CC, such as Human simplex virus (HSV) infection and immunocompromised patients with HIV. CONCLUSION Cervical cancer can be detected by molecular techniques such as (1) PCR, (2) visual acetic acid method, (3) DNA Hybrid II test, (4) liquid-based cytology, (5) Pap-Smear techniques, and (6) colposcopy techniques. Early detection of CC is very much needed; cryotherapy or LEEP (Loop electro surgical excision procedure) can be conducted during the pre-invasive stage of CC. Some metabolic changes in the human body such as fluctuating levels of insulin and triglycerides and increased activity of adiponectin may lead to CC. These contributing factors, such as adipokines, can be used as biomarkers for CC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dakshinamurthy Swetha
- Department of Pharmacology, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, AP-517561, India
| | - Saimila Momin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, United States
| | - Racherla Rishi Gowtham
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, AP-517507, India
| | | | - Talisetty Bharathi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Govt. Maternity Hospital, Tirupati, AP-517507, India
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13
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Chawsheen HA, Ying Q, Jiang H, Wei Q. A critical role of the thioredoxin domain containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) in redox homeostasis and cancer development. Genes Dis 2018; 5:312-322. [PMID: 30591932 PMCID: PMC6303481 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct folding of nascent peptides occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is a complicate process primarily accomplished by the coordination of multiple redox proteins including members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. As a critical member of the PDI family, thioredoxin domain containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) assists the folding of newly synthesized peptides to their mature form through series of disulfide bond exchange reactions. Interestingly, TXNDC5 is frequently found overexpressed in specimens of many human diseases including various types of cancer. In this review, we summarized the biochemical function of TXNDC5 in mammalian cells and the recent progress on the understanding of its role and molecular mechanisms in cancer development. Findings of TXNDC5 in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, stimulation of cell growth & proliferation, facilitation of cell survival and modulation of extracellular matrix to affect cancer cell invasion and metastasis are reviewed. These published studies suggest that strategies of targeting TXNDC5 can be developed as potentially valuable methods for the treatment of certain types of cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedy A Chawsheen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Qi Ying
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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14
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Na W, Wu YY, Gong PF, Wu CY, Cheng BH, Wang YX, Wang N, Du ZQ, Li H. Embryonic transcriptome and proteome analyses on hepatic lipid metabolism in chickens divergently selected for abdominal fat content. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:384. [PMID: 29792171 PMCID: PMC5966864 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In avian species, liver is the main site of de novo lipogenesis, and hepatic lipid metabolism relates closely to adipose fat deposition. Using our fat and lean chicken lines of striking differences in abdominal fat content, post-hatch lipid metabolism in both liver and adipose tissues has been studied extensively. However, whether molecular discrepancy for hepatic lipid metabolism exists in chicken embryos remains obscure. Results We performed transcriptome and proteome profiling on chicken livers at five embryonic stages (E7, E12, E14, E17 and E21) between the fat and lean chicken lines. At each stage, 521, 141, 882, 979 and 169 differentially expressed genes were found by the digital gene expression, respectively, which were significantly enriched in the metabolic, PPAR signaling and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Quantitative proteomics analysis found 20 differentially expressed proteins related to lipid metabolism, PPAR signaling, fat digestion and absorption, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Combined analysis showed that genes and proteins related to lipid transport (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and apolipoprotein A-I), lipid clearance (heat shock protein beta-1) and energy metabolism (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 and succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit) were significantly differentially expressed between the two lines. Conclusions For hepatic lipid metabolism at embryonic stages, molecular differences related to lipid transport, lipid clearance and energy metabolism exist between the fat and lean chicken lines, which might contribute to the striking differences of abdominal fat deposition at post-hatch stages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4776-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Na
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Duivenvoorden WCM, Hopmans SN, Austin RC, Pinthus JH. Endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp46 in prostate adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3624-3630. [PMID: 28521463 PMCID: PMC5431273 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein ERp46 is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family of oxidoreductases, which facilitates the reduction of disulfides in proteins and their folding. Accumulation of misfolded proteins has been implicated in cancer. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of ERp46 in prostate cancer, its expression and its effects on prostate cancer growth. A tissue microarray with human prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue samples was stained for ERp46 followed by image analysis. Human prostate adenocarcinoma 22Rv1 cells were stably transfected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specific for ERp46, a non-effective scrambled control or a plasmid containing full-length human ERp46 cDNA, and cell growth was determined. Subcloned cells were treated with thapsigargin or tunicamycin to induce ER stress and lysates were subjected to western blot analysis for ER stress proteins. Subcutaneous xenografts of parental 22Rv1, ERp46-overexpressing (ERp46+), shERp46 or scrambled control cells were established in male inbred BALB/c nude mice (n=10/group). Tumor growth curves of the xenografts were constructed over a period of 30 days and subsequently the mice were sacrificed and the amount of serum prostate-specific antigen was determined. The results demonstrated increased ERp46 expression levels in prostate cancer tissue samples of Gleason ≥7 compared with normal prostate tissue samples. When ERp46 was stably knocked down using shRNA or overexpressed in prostate carcinoma 22Rv1 cells, tumor growth in vitro and in BALB/c nude mice was inhibited and accelerated, respectively. ERp46 overexpression led to reduced sensitivity to ER stress as indicated by higher half maximal inhibitory concentrations for tunicamycin and thapsigargin in ERp46+ cells. The shERp46 cells lost the ability to upregulate protein disulfide isomerase following tunicamycin-induced ER stress. The present study suggests a role for ERp46 as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer, given its expression profile in human prostate cancer, and its effect on prostate cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina C M Duivenvoorden
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada.,Research Institute of St. Joseph's, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Sarah N Hopmans
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jehonathan H Pinthus
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada.,Research Institute of St. Joseph's, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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16
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Muscle-specific overexpression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 gives rise to common and discrete local effects whilst AdipoR2 promotes additional systemic effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41792. [PMID: 28145500 PMCID: PMC5286438 DOI: 10.1038/srep41792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoadiponectinemia and adiponectin resistance are implicated in the aetiology of obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders, hence represent a potential therapeutic axis. Here we characterised the effects of in vivo electrotransfer-mediated overexpression of the adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, into tibialis anterior muscle (TAM) of lean or obese mice. In lean mice, TAM-specific overexpression of AdipoR1 (TAMR1) or AdipoR2 (TAMR2) increased phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT and ERK and expression of the insulin responsive glucose transporter glut4. In contrast, only TAMR2 increased pparα and a target gene acox1. These effects were decreased in obese mice despite no reduction in circulating adiponectin levels. TAMR2 also increased expression of adipoQ in TAM of lean and obese mice. Furthermore, in obese mice TAMR2 promoted systemic effects including; decreased weight gain; reduced epididymal fat mass and inflammation; increased epididymal adipoQ expression; increased circulating adiponectin. Collectively, these results demonstrate that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 exhibit overlapping and distinct effects in skeletal muscle consistent with enhanced adiponectin sensitivity but these appear insufficient to ameliorate established obesity-induced adiponectin resistance. We also identify systemic effects upon TAMR2 in obese mice and postulate these are mediated by altered myokine production. Further studies are warranted to investigate this possibility which may reveal novel therapeutic approaches.
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17
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Kim BS, Cho Y, Lee H, Joo DJ, Huh KH, Kim MS, Kim YS. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Rapamycin Versus Cyclosporine Combination Treatment in Mouse Podocytes. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1297-301. [PMID: 27320608 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of podocyte injury observed with the use of rapamycin (RPM) remains unclear. The conversion from calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) to RPM in kidney transplant recipients has been associated with a higher incidence of proteinuria and renal injury. In this study, we performed proteomic analyses to investigate the alteration of protein expression in mouse podocytes treated with RPM in comparison with CNI/RPM combination. METHODS Immortalized mouse podocytes were treated with 20 nmol/L RPM or 20 nmol/L RPM + 1 μg/mL cyclosporine. Podocyte proteins were separated by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and peptide fingerprinting. Selected proteins were analyzed by means of Western blot assay. RESULTS We identified 36 differently expressed proteins after isolated RPM or CNI/RPM combination treatment in cultured mouse podocytes. There are 3 distinct patterns of protein expression: (1) potentiated down- or upregulation of proteins by CNI/RPM treatment compared with isolated RPM treatment (n = 4); (2) partial offset of down-regulation by CNI/RPM in comparison with RPM treatment (n = 25); (3) no difference in down-regulation between RPM and CNI/RPM treatment (n = 5). We found a significant interplay between RPM and CNI on the expression of the selected proteins in mouse podocytes. This might explain the higher incidence of proteinuria by CNI/RPM combination in clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS Further study is required to elucidate the target protein associated with RPM-induced podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Cho
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Joo
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Huh
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Kim
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Transplantation Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Ao N, Yang J, Wang X, Du J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 preserves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathway. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:343-53. [PMID: 26147696 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been increasingly recognized for treating diabetes mellitus, and for its potential to effectively treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms of GLP-1 induction in NAFLD are not completely known. We investigated whether GLP-1 can protect against NAFLD by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet and treated with a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide. Biochemical, morphological, genetic and protein expression of ER stress were investigated. In vitro, HepG2 cells were exposed to 0.4 mM palmitate fatty acid and treated with different concentrations of GLP-1, and ER protein 46 (ERp46) and ER stress pathways were analyzed. Cellular response to ER stress and apoptosis were determined upon transfection with either ERp46 siRNA or a negative control siRNA. RESULTS In vivo, the treatment of GLP-1 attenuated the hepatic accumulation of lipids, reduced inflammation and improved metabolic parameters. GLP-1 treatment significantly upregulated the expression of ERp46 and downregulated the ER stress marker. Activation of ER pathways was restrained by GLP-1. Similar observations were made in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of ERp46 expression by siRNA-mediated silencing increased the ER stress response and enhanced cell apoptosis rates. In addition, GLP-1 could not reduce the levels of ER stress and apoptosis in cells transfected with ERp46 siRNA compared with in negative control transfected cells after palmitate treatment. CONCLUSION GLP-1 protected against NAFLD by inactivating the ER stress-associated apoptosis pathway. In addition, the effect was possibly related to the signaling pathway of ERp46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Mo R, Peng J, Xiao J, Ma J, Li W, Wang J, Ruan Y, Ma S, Hong Y, Wang C, Gao K, Fan J. High TXNDC5 expression predicts poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9797-806. [PMID: 26810069 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common primary kidney cancer in adults, and the identification of biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of ccRCC is crucial for early diagnosis and anticancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) expression is markedly upregulated in ccRCC tissues in comparison with adjacent non-cancerous tissues through quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analyses. Importantly, TXNDC5 expression is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients. Knockdown of TXNDC5 by siRNAs inhibits the cell growth, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells as well as sensitizes ccRCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Camptothecin and 5-Fluorouracil. Moreover, we used complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analyses to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of TXNDC5 in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. We demonstrate that knockdown of TXNDC5 affects the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of numerous important genes associated with tumorigenesis. In summary, our findings indicate that TXNDC5 performs an essential function in ccRCC pathogenesis and can serve as a novel prognostic marker of ccRCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/genetics
- Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Mo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Department of Urology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Peoples Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jingtao Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jiantao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shaofei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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20
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Yu L, Tu Q, Han Q, Zhang L, Sui L, Zheng L, Meng S, Tang Y, Xuan D, Zhang J, Murray D, Shen Q, Cheng J, Kim SH, Dong LQ, Valverde P, Cao X, Chen J. Adiponectin regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell niche through a unique signal transduction pathway: an approach for treating bone disease in diabetes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:240-52. [PMID: 25187480 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocyte-secreted adipokine that exerts well-characterized antidiabetic properties. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by reduced APN levels in circulation and impaired stem cell and progenitor cell mobilization from the bone marrow for tissue repair and remodeling. In this study, we found that APN regulates the mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to participate in tissue repair and regeneration. APN facilitated BMSCs migrating from the bone marrow into the circulation to regenerate bone by regulating stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 in a mouse bone defect model. More importantly, we found that systemic APN infusion ameliorated diabetic mobilopathy of BMSCs, lowered glucose concentration, and promoted bone regeneration in diet-induced obesity mice. In vitro studies allowed us to identify Smad1/5/8 as a novel signaling mediator of APN receptor (AdipoR)-1 in BMSCs and osteoblasts. APN stimulation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells led to Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and nuclear localization and increased SDF-1 mRNA expression. Although APN-mediated phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 occurred independently from adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, pleckstrin homology domain, and leucine zipper containing 1, it correlated with the disassembly of protein kinase casein kinase 2 and AdipoR1 in immunoprecipitation experiments. Taken together, this study identified APN as a regulator of BMSCs migration in response to bone injury. Therefore, our findings suggest APN signaling could be a potential therapeutic target to improve bone regeneration and homeostasis, especially in obese and T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China; Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Keshvari S, Whitehead JP. Characterisation of the adiponectin receptors: Differential cell-surface expression and temporal signalling profiles of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are regulated by the non-conserved N-terminal trunks. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 409:121-9. [PMID: 25892445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The adiponectin axis regulates cardiometabolic and inflammatory tone making it an attractive therapeutic focus. Rudimentary understanding of the adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, constrains our ability to target these atypical seven trans-membrane proteins. Here, we aimed to further elaborate the molecular details governing cell-surface expression and signal transduction by transient expression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 in HEK293 cells. Following serum starvation, adiponectin reduced cell-surface expression of both receptors, consistent with internalisation, and promoted phosphorylation of downstream effectors. Temporal phosphorylation profiles differed with AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 transduced signals peaking at 15 min and 24 h. Analysis of receptor chimeras showed that the non-conserved N-terminal trunks (AdipoR1(1-70) and AdipoR2(1-81)) define the temporal signalling profiles and contain multiple regions that promote or inhibit cell-surface expression, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of the non-conserved N-terminal trunks and demonstrate that cell-surface expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 is required for effective coupling to downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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22
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Okumura M, Kadokura H, Inaba K. Structures and functions of protein disulfide isomerase family members involved in proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:314-22. [PMID: 25697777 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential cellular compartment in which an enormous number of secretory and cell surface membrane proteins are synthesized and subjected to cotranslational or posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. Proper maintenance of ER protein homeostasis (sometimes termed proteostasis) is essential to avoid cellular stresses and diseases caused by abnormal proteins. Accumulating knowledge of cysteine-based redox reactions catalyzed by members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family has revealed that these enzymes play pivotal roles in productive protein folding accompanied by disulfide formation, as well as efficient ER-associated degradation accompanied by disulfide reduction. Each of PDI family members forms a protein-protein interaction with a preferential partner to fulfill a distinct function. Multiple redox pathways that utilize PDIs appear to function synergistically to attain the highest quality and productivity of the ER, even under various stress conditions. This review describes the structures, physiological functions, and cooperative actions of several essential PDIs, and provides important insights into the elaborate proteostatic mechanisms that have evolved in the extremely active and stress-sensitive ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okumura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadokura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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23
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Horna-Terrón E, Pradilla-Dieste A, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Osada J. TXNDC5, a newly discovered disulfide isomerase with a key role in cell physiology and pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23501-18. [PMID: 25526565 PMCID: PMC4284777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family, acting as a chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum under not fully characterized conditions As a result, TXNDC5 interacts with many cell proteins, contributing to their proper folding and correct formation of disulfide bonds through its thioredoxin domains. Moreover, it can also work as an electron transfer reaction, recovering the functional isoform of other protein disulfide isomerases, replacing reduced glutathione in its role. Finally, it also acts as a cellular adapter, interacting with the N-terminal domain of adiponectin receptor. As can be inferred from all these functions, TXNDC5 plays an important role in cell physiology; therefore, dysregulation of its expression is associated with oxidative stress, cell ageing and a large range of pathologies such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, vitiligo and virus infections. Its implication in all these important diseases has made TXNDC5 a susceptible biomarker or even a potential pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Horna-Terrón
- Grado de Biotecnología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain.
| | | | | | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain.
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24
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The role of TXNDC5 in castration-resistant prostate cancer—involvement of androgen receptor signaling pathway. Oncogene 2014; 34:4735-45. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Caselli C. Role of adiponectin system in insulin resistance. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:155-60. [PMID: 25242063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic sequelae has significantly advanced over the last few decades and adipose tissue is now considered a link between obesity and insulin resistance. Adiponectin, one of the major adipocyte-secreted proteins, has attracted scientific interest in recent years and has been extensively studied both in human and animal models. Adiponectin exerts insulin-sensitizing effects through binding to its receptors, leading to activation of AMPK, PPAR-α, and potentially other unknown molecular pathways. In obesity-linked insulin resistance, both adiponectin and adiponectin receptors are downregulated, leading to activation of signaling pathways involved in metabolism regulation. Up-regulation of adiponectin/adiponectin receptors or enhancing adiponectin receptor function may be an interesting therapeutic strategy for obesity-linked insulin resistance. In this review we will focus on the recent research related to the relationship between the adiponectin system and insulin resistance. The potential use of adiponectin or its receptor for therapeutic intervention will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caselli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy.
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26
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Caselli C, D'Amico A, Cabiati M, Prescimone T, Del Ry S, Giannessi D. Back to the heart: the protective role of adiponectin. Pharmacol Res 2014; 82:9-20. [PMID: 24657240 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and the prevalence of obesity and diabetes are increasing. In obesity, adipose tissue increases the secretion of bioactive mediators (adipokines) that may represent a key mechanism linking obesity to CVD. Adiponectin, extensively studied in metabolic diseases, exerts anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to these positive actions, the role of adiponectin in cardiovascular protection has been evaluated in recent years. In particular, for its potential therapeutic benefits in humans, adiponectin has become the subject of intense preclinical research. In the cardiovascular context, understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adiponectin system, throughout its secretion, regulation and signaling, is critical for designing new drugs that target adiponectin system molecules. This review focused on recent advances regarding molecular mechanisms related to protective effects of the adiponectin system on both cardiac and vascular compartments and its potential use as a target for therapeutic intervention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caselli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy.
| | - A D'Amico
- Scuola Superiore S. Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Cabiati
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - T Prescimone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - S Del Ry
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - D Giannessi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Pisa 56100, Italy
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27
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Duivenvoorden WCM, Paschos A, Hopmans SN, Austin RC, Pinthus JH. Endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp46 in renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90389. [PMID: 24594673 PMCID: PMC3940878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An established inverse clinical correlation between serum adiponectin levels and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) aggressiveness exists. We have recently demonstrated that adiponectin suppresses clear cell RCC (ccRCC) progression through interaction with its receptor, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). ERp46 has been shown to inhibit adiponectin signaling via interaction with AdipoR1 in HeLa cells. However, the expression of ERp46 in RCC has not been described thus far. The objectives of this study were to investigate ERp46 in RCC, its expression, its effects on RCC growth in a mouse model and whether it interacts with AdipoR1. We demonstrated a higher ERp46/AdipoR1 expression ratio in metastatic compared to non-metastatic ccRCC, as determined by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays and subsequent image analysis. When ERp46 was stably knocked down using shRNA or overexpressed in murine RCC RAG cells, RCC growth after subcutaneous injection in BALB/c nude mice was inhibited and accelerated, respectively. In vitro analysis to determine the molecular interaction between AdipoR1 and ERp46 included co-immunoprecipitation using human ccRCC 786-O cells and a bacterial adenylate cyclase-based two hybrid system and demonstrated no sustained AdipoR1-ERp46 interaction. This is the first report to suggest a role for ERp46 as a potential therapeutic target in RCC given its expression profile in human RCC samples and its effect on in vivo RCC growth. Since a stable interaction with AdipoR1 could not be established, we suggest that the tumorigenic properties of ERp46 in RCC cells are not related to an inhibitory modulation of AdipoR1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athanasios Paschos
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah N. Hopmans
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard C. Austin
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jehonathan H. Pinthus
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Cheng KKY, Lam KSL, Wang B, Xu A. Signaling mechanisms underlying the insulin-sensitizing effects of adiponectin. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:3-13. [PMID: 24417941 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine with protective effects against a cluster of obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The adipokine exerts its insulin-sensitizing effects by alleviation of obesity-induced ectopic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity and chronic inflammation, as well as by direct cross-talk with insulin signaling cascades. Adiponectin and insulin signaling pathways converge at the adaptor protein APPL1. On the one hand, APPL1 interacts with adiponectin receptors and mediates both metabolic and vascular actions of adiponectin through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and p38 MAP kinase. On the other hand, APPL1 potentiates both the actions and secretion of insulin by fine-tuning the Akt activity in multiple insulin target tissues. In obese animals, reduced APPL1 expression contributes to both insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. This review summarizes recent advances on the molecular mechanisms by which adiponectin sensitizes insulin actions, and discusses the roles of APPL1 in regulating both adiponectin and insulin signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Y Cheng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Baile Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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29
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Camargo LDL, Babelova A, Mieth A, Weigert A, Mooz J, Rajalingam K, Heide H, Wittig I, Lopes LR, Brandes RP. Endo-PDI is required for TNFα-induced angiogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1398-1407. [PMID: 24103565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and its homologs are oxidoreductases facilitating protein folding in the ER. Endo-PDI (also termed ERp46) is highly expressed in endothelial cells. It belongs to the PDI family but its physiological function is largely unknown. We studied the role of Endo-PDI in endothelial angiogenic responses. Stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (with TNFα (10ng/ml) increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This effect was largely attenuated by Endo-PDI siRNA, whereas JNK and p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation was Endo-PDI independent. Similarly, TNFα-stimulated NF-κB signaling determined by IκBα degradation as well as TNFα-induced ICAM expression was unaffected by Endo-PDI siRNA. The action of Endo-PDI was not mediated by extracellular thiol exchange or cell surface PDI as demonstrated by nonpermeative inhibitors and PDI-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, exogenously added PDI failed to restore ERK1/2 activation after Endo-PDI knockdown. This suggests that Endo-PDI acts intracellularly potentially by maintaining the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Indeed, knockdown of Endo-PDI attenuated Ras activation measured by G-LISA and Raf phosphorylation. ERK activation influences gene expression by the transcriptional factor AP-1, which controls MMP-9 and cathepsin B, two proteases required for angiogenesis. TNFα-stimulated MMP-9 and cathepsin B induction was reduced by silencing of Endo-PDI. Accordingly, inhibition of cathepsin B or Endo-PDI siRNA blocked the TNFα-stimulated angiogenic response in the spheroid outgrowth assays. Moreover ex vivo tube formation and in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis in response to TNFα were attenuated by Endo-PDI siRNA. In conclusion, our study establishes Endo-PDI as a novel, important mediator of AP-1-driven gene expression and endothelial angiogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia de Lucca Camargo
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Babelova
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Mieth
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliane Mooz
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Heide
- Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB815 Core Unit, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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30
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Chang X, Xu B, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yan S. Investigating a pathogenic role for TXNDC5 in tumors. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1871-84. [PMID: 24100949 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of TXNDC5, which is induced by hypoxia, stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The increased cell proliferation, angiogenesis and hypoxia are main features of tumor tissues. The present study aimed to characterize the expression of TXNDC5 in various tumor types and to investigate the role of TXNDC5 in the growth, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. The study also determined susceptibility of TXNDC5 gene on tumor risk. The expression of TXNDC5 in tumor tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry using a tissue array that contained various types of tumor tissues. The expression levels of TXNDC5 in tumor tissues and healthy tissues were quantitatively analyzed using western blotting. Furthermore, HeLa cells and U2OS cells were treated with anti-TXNDC5 siRNA to knockdown the expression levels of TXNDC5 to study its role in cell proliferation and migration. The cell proliferation and migration of the transfected tumor cells were determined by MTT and Transwell migration assays, respectively. Ninety-six tag SNPs across the TXNDC5 locus were genotyped using custom‑designed Illumina 384-SNP VeraCode microarrays. Our immunohistochemical staining revealed significant expression of TXNDC5 in breast invasive ductal carcinomas, cervical squamous cell carcinomas, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, gastric carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, ovarian papillary serous carcinomas, prostate cancers and undifferentiated cell carcinomas of the lung. Western blot analysis also detected significantly higher TXNDC5 expression in tumor tissues of breast cancers, gastric adenocarcinomas and rectal cancers compared to the adjacent healthy tissues. Decreased growth and invasive potential were observed in cultured HeLa cells and U2OS cells when TXNDC5 gene expression was knocked down. The case-control analysis showed a significant difference in allele frequency and genotype frequency for rs9505298, rs7771314, rs2815128, rs13210097 and rs9392182 between cervical carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma and liver cancer patients and controls. These results suggest that TXNDC5 has increased expression in many tumors that is involved in the proliferation and migration of tumor cells, acting as a tumor-enhancing gene. The study also suggests that TXNDC5 gene is susceptible to cervical carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma and liver cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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31
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Neumeier M, Krautbauer S, Schmidhofer S, Hader Y, Eisinger K, Eggenhofer E, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Mages W, Buechler C. Adiponectin receptor 1 C-terminus interacts with PDZ-domain proteins such as syntrophins. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:180-6. [PMID: 23860432 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is one of the two signaling receptors of adiponectin with multiple beneficial effects in metabolic diseases. AdipoR1 C-terminal peptide is concordant with the consensus sequence of class I PSD-95, disc large, ZO-1 (PDZ) proteins, and screening of a liver yeast two hybrid library identified binding to β2-syntrophin (SNTB2). Hybridization of a PDZ-domain array with AdipoR1 C-terminal peptide shows association with PDZ-domains of further proteins including β1- and α-syntrophin (SNTA). Interaction of PDZ proteins and C-terminal peptides requires a free carboxy terminus next to the PDZ-binding region and is blocked by carboxy terminal added tags. N-terminal tagged AdipoR1 is more highly expressed than C-terminal tagged receptor suggesting that the free carboxy terminus may form a complex with PDZ proteins to regulate cellular AdipoR1 levels. The C- and N-terminal tagged AdipoR1 proteins are mainly localized in the cytoplasma. N-terminal but not C-terminal tagged AdipoR1 colocalizes with syntrophins in adiponectin incubated Huh7 cells. Adiponectin induced hepatic phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK which are targets of AdipoR1 is, however, not blocked in SNTA and SNTB2 deficient mice. Further, AdipoR1 protein is similarly abundant in the liver of knock-out and wild type mice when kept on a standard chow or a high fat diet. In summary these data suggest that AdipoR1 protein levels are regulated by so far uncharacterized class I PDZ proteins which are distinct from SNTA and SNTB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin 2 interacts with the protein disulfide- isomerase ERp46. Biochem J 2013; 453:475-85. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prx (peroxiredoxin) 2 protects cells from deleterious oxidative damage. It catalyses the breakdown of hydroperoxides through a highly reactive cysteine residue and has been linked to chaperone activity that promotes cell survival under conditions of oxidative stress. It may also be involved in redox signalling by binding to other proteins. In the present study we have searched for binding partners of Prx2 in H2O2-treated Jurkat and human umbilical vein endothelial cells and discovered that the hyperoxidized form selectively co-precipitated with the protein disulfide-isomerase ERp46. Mutant analyses revealed that loss of the peroxidative cysteine residue of Prx2 also facilitated complex formation with ERp46, even without H2O2 treatment, whereas the resolving cysteine residue of Prx2 was indispensible for the interaction to occur. The complex involved a stable non-covalent interaction that was disassociated by the reduction of intramolecular disulfides in ERp46, or by disruption of the decameric structure of hyperoxidized Prx2. This is the first example of a protein interaction dependent on the hyperoxidized status of a Prx.
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33
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Characterisation of the adiponectin receptors: The non-conserved N-terminal region of AdipoR2 prevents its expression at the cell-surface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Funkner A, Parthier C, Schutkowski M, Zerweck J, Lilie H, Gyrych N, Fischer G, Stubbs MT, Ferrari DM. Peptide binding by catalytic domains of the protein disulfide isomerase-related protein ERp46. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:1340-62. [PMID: 23376096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family member ERp46/endoPDI/thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 is preferentially expressed in a limited number of tissues, where it may function as a survival factor for nitrosative stress in vivo. It is involved in insulin production as well as in adiponectin signaling and interacts specifically with the redox-regulatory endoplasmic reticulum proteins endoplasmic oxidoreductin 1α (Ero1α) and peroxiredoxin-4. Here, we show that ERp46, although lacking a PDI-like redox-inactive b'-thioredoxin domain with its hydrophobic substrate binding site, is able to bind to a large pool of peptides containing aromatic and basic residues via all three of its catalytic domains (a(0), a and a'), though the a(0) domain may contain the primary binding site. ERp46, which shows relatively higher activity as a disulfide-reductase than as an oxidase/isomerase in vitro compared to PDI and ERp57, possesses chaperone activity in vivo, a property also shared by the C-terminal a' domain. A crystal structure of the a' domain is also presented, offering a view of possible substrate binding sites within catalytic domains of PDI proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Funkner
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Wang L, Zheng Y, Xu H, Yan X, Chang X. Investigate pathogenic mechanism of TXNDC5 in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53301. [PMID: 23326410 PMCID: PMC3541148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia stimulates synovial hypoperfusion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TXNDC5 stimulates cellular proliferation in hypoxic conditions. We previously detected increased TXNDC5 expression in synovial tissues and blood from RA patients and demonstrated that the gene encoding TXNDC5 increased RA risk. The present study investigated the pathogenic roles of TXNDC5 in RA. Transgenic mice that over-expressed TXNDC5 (TXNDC5-Tg) were generated using C57BL/6J mice and treated with bovine collagen II to induce arthritis (CIA). Synovial fibroblasts from RA patients (RASFs) were cultured and incubated with TXNDC5-siRNA or CoCl(2), a chemical that induces hypoxia. CIA was observed in 80% of the TXNDC5-Tg, but only 20% of the wild-type mice (WT) developed CIA. The clinical arthritis scores reached 5 in the TXNDC5-Tg, but this index only reached 2 in the control mice. CIA TXNDC5-Tg exhibited clear pannus proliferation and bone erosion in joint tissues. A significant increase in CD4 T cells was observed in the thymus and spleen of TXNDC5-Tg during CIA. Serum levels of anti-collagen II IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were significantly elevated in the mice. Increased cell proliferation, cell migration and TXNDC5 expression were observed in RASFs following incubation with 1 µM CoCl(2). However, this effect was diminished when TXNDC5 expression was inhibited with 100 nM siRNA. TNF-alpha, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-17 levels were significantly increased in the blood of TXNDC5-Tg mice, but the levels of these cytokines declined in the supernatant of RASFs that were treated with TXNDC5 siRNA. The expression of adiponectin, a cytokine-like mediator, decreased significantly in RASFs following TXNDC5 siRNA treatment. These results suggest that TXNDC5-over-expressing mice were susceptible to CIA. This study also suggests that hypoxia induced TXCNDC5 expression, which contributed to adiponectin expression, cytokine production and the cellular proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yabing Zheng
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hengwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Chen DL, Xiang JN, Yang LY. Role of ERp46 in β-cell lipoapoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway as well as the protective effect of exendin-4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:324-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Juhl C, Kosel D, Beck-Sickinger AG. Two motifs with different function regulate the anterograde transport of the adiponectin receptor 1. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1762-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The global epidemic of obesity is accompanied by an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular stroke and heart attack. Dysfunctional adipose tissue links obesity to CVD by secreting a multitude of bioactive lipids and pro-inflammatory factors (adipokines) with detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Adiponectin is one of the few adipokines that possesses multiple salutary effects on insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health. Clinical investigations have identified adiponectin deficiency (hypoadiponectinaemia) as an independent risk factor for CVD. In animals, elevation of plasma adiponectin by either pharmacological or genetic approaches alleviates obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, and also prevents atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, many therapeutic benefits of the peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists, the thiazolidinediones, are mediated by induction of adiponectin. Adiponectin protects cardiovascular health through its vasodilator, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities in both cardiac and vascular cells. This review summarizes recent findings in the understanding of the physiological role and clinical relevance of adiponectin in cardiovascular health, and in the identification of the receptor and postreceptor signalling events that mediate the cardiovascular actions of adiponectin. It also discusses adiponectin-targeted drug discovery strategies for treating obesity, diabetes and CVD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hui
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Gu MX, Fu Y, Sun XL, Ding YZ, Li CH, Pang W, Pan S, Zhu Y. Proteomic analysis of endothelial lipid rafts reveals a novel role of statins in antioxidation. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2365-73. [PMID: 22428589 DOI: 10.1021/pr300098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, statins have pleiotropic vascular-protective effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. We investigated the short-term beneficial effects of statins on modulating the translocation of lipid-raft-related proteins in endothelial cells (ECs). Human umbilical vein ECs were treated with atorvastatin for 30 min or 2 h; lipid-raft proteins were isolated and examined by quantitative proteome assay. Functional classification of identified proteins in lipid rafts revealed upregulated antioxidative proteins; downregulated proteins were associated with inflammation and cell adhesion. Among proteins verified by Western blot analysis, endoplasmic reticulum protein 46 (ERp46) showed increased level in lipid rafts with atorvastatin. Further, atorvastatin inhibited the activation of membrane-bound NADPH oxidase in both untreated and angiotensin II-treated ECs, as shown by reduced reactive oxygen species production. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that atorvastatin increased the association of ERp46 and Nox2, an NADPH oxidase isoform, in lipid rafts, thereby inhibiting Nox2 assembly with its regulatory subunits, such as p47phox and p67phox. Our results reveal a novel antioxidative role of atorvastatin by promoting the membrane translocation of ERp46 and its binding with Nox2 to inhibit Nox2 activity in ECs, which may offer another insight into the pleiotropic functions of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Education Ministry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
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Juhl C, Beck-Sickinger AG. Molecular tools to characterize adiponectin activity. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:31-56. [PMID: 23017711 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Within the past years, numerous hormones were found to be secreted by adipose tissue. As these adipokines exert different physiological effects with great importance in obesity, they provide new strategies for the treatment of obesity associated disorders. Adiponectin is one of the most promising targets due to its protective properties in glucose and lipid metabolism, which are mediated by the adiponectin receptor 1 and 2. Within the past decades, substantial progress in understanding the molecular function of this unique ligand-receptor system could be achieved. This review summarizes the most important approaches for the investigation of adiponectin activity. Even though many insights into adipokine function could be achieved, clarification of the detailed mode of action is still challenging. For this reason, this review gives an overview of frequently used methods, which led to the molecular characterization of adiponectin and might help to get more detailed insights into the broad aspects of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Juhl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Thundyil J, Pavlovski D, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV. Adiponectin receptor signalling in the brain. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:313-27. [PMID: 21718299 PMCID: PMC3268187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipocyte-derived hormone that regulates metabolism of lipids and glucose, and its receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, T-cadherin) appear to exert actions in peripheral tissues by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase, p38-MAPK, PPARα and NF-kappa B. Adiponectin has been shown to exert a wide range of biological functions that could elicit different effects, depending on the target organ and the biological milieu. There is substantial evidence to suggest that adiponectin receptors are expressed widely in the brain. Their expression has been detected in regions of the mouse hypothalamus, brainstem, cortical neurons and endothelial cells, as well as in whole brain and pituitary extracts. While there is now considerable evidence for the presence of adiponectin and its receptors in the brain, their precise roles in brain diseases still remain unclear. Only a few research studies have looked at this facet of adiponectins in brain disorders. This brief review will describe the evidence for important functions by adiponectin, its structure and known actions, evidence for expression of AdipoRs in the brain, their involvement in brain disorders and the therapeutic potential of agents that could modify AdipoR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thundyil
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Dale Pavlovski
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, Qld, Australia
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Dadson K, Liu Y, Sweeney G. Adiponectin action: a combination of endocrine and autocrine/paracrine effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:62. [PMID: 22649379 PMCID: PMC3355882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread physiological actions of adiponectin have now been well characterized as clinical studies and works in animal models have established strong correlations between circulating adiponectin level and various disease-related outcomes. Thus, conventional thinking attributes many of adiponectin's beneficial effects to endocrine actions of adipose-derived adiponectin. However, it is now clear that several tissues can themselves produce adiponectin and there is growing evidence that locally produced adiponectin can mediate functionally important autocrine or paracrine effects. In this review article we discuss regulation of adiponectin production, its mechanism of action via receptor isoforms and signaling pathways, and its principal physiological effects (i.e., metabolic and cardiovascular). The role of endocrine actions of adiponectin and changes in local production of adiponectin or its receptors in whole body physiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Dadson
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
- Institut Pasteur KoreaSeoul, South Korea
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Boddicker RL, Whitley E, Birt DF, Spurlock ME. Early lesion formation in colorectal carcinogenesis is associated with adiponectin status whereas neoplastic lesions are associated with diet and sex in C57BL/6J mice. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1297-306. [PMID: 21958077 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.606954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing hormone that is decreased in obesity. Although controversial, it has been suggested that decreased adiponectin contributes to colorectal cancer risk in obesity. To further investigate the role of adiponectin in obesity-linked colorectal carcinogenesis, we used male and female adiponectin knockout (KO) and wild-type (Wt) C57BL/6J mice. Tumorigenesis was induced in all mice with the combined treatment of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Following AOM/DSS treatment, mice were fed a low-fat control (LFC), or high-fat lard (HFL) diet for 7 1/2 wk. KO mice developed fewer total lesions than Wt mice, males developed fewer lesions than females, and mice fed the HFL diet developed fewer lesions than those fed the LFC diet. Early lesion multiplicity was influenced by genotype, whereas advanced lesion development was influenced by sex and diet. Moreover, lesion types were differentially correlated with serum adipokines and colon gene expression of adiponectin receptors, insulin receptor, and toll-like receptor 4. These data suggest that in the AOM/DSS model of carcinogenesis, adiponectin functions to promote early lesion development whereas sex and diet are important regulators of advanced lesion development through pathways involved in inflammation and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Boddicker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Investigating a pathogenic role for TXNDC5 in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R124. [PMID: 21801346 PMCID: PMC3239364 DOI: 10.1186/ar3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Expression of TXNDC5, which is induced by hypoxia, stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Our previous study detected increased TXNDC5 expression in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using proteomic methods. The current study investigated a pathogenic role for TXNDC5 in RA. Method Expression of TXNDC5 in synovial membranes was quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum TXNDC5 levels and serum anti-TXNDC5 antibody levels were determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near the TXNDC5 gene were genotyped using custom-designed Illumina 96-SNP VeraCode microassay. Allele frequencies and genotype frequencies of SNPs were assessed using a case-control design in a cohort of 267 Chinese patients with RA, 51 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 160 healthy controls. Additional genotyping of 951 patients with RA and 898 healthy controls was performed for four SNPs (rs2277105, rs369086, rs443861 and rs11962800) using the TaqMan method. Results Real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry detected significantly higher TXNDC5 expression in the synovial tissues of RA patients compared to samples from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or AS. ELISA detected significantly higher levels of TXNDC5 in the blood of RA patients compared to OA, AS and systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and healthy controls. ELISA did not detect significantly different levels of anti-TXNDC5 antibody in the blood of RA, OA and AS patients and healthy controls. A total of 9 SNPs (rs9505298, rs41302895, rs1225936, rs1225938, rs372578, rs443861, rs408014, rs9392189 and rs2743992) showed significant association with RA, while 16 SNPs (rs1044104, rs1225937, rs1225938, rs372578, rs89715, rs378963, rs1225944, rs1225947, rs1238994, rs369086, rs408014, rs368074, rs1225954, rs1225955, rs13209404 and rs3812162) showed significant association with AS. Taqman SNP assay demonstrated that rs443861 has an association with RA, which correlates with the microassay results. Conclusions TXNDC5 is up-regulated in synovial tissues of RA patients. TXNDC5 has a genetic effect on the risk of RA and AS.
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Heiker JT, Kosel D, Beck-Sickinger AG. Molecular mechanisms of signal transduction via adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Biol Chem 2011; 391:1005-18. [PMID: 20536390 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adipocytokine adiponectin and its receptor (AdipoR) comprise a new receptor-ligand system that is involved in a variety of clinically important morbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin exerts a multitude of beneficial and tissue specific effects depending on its unique, tightly regulated multimerization behavior. Post-translational modifications are essential for the multimer assembly before secretion and protein stability in the circulation. AdipoR1 and 2 have been discovered as a new class of heptahelix receptors structurally and functionally distinct from G-protein-coupled receptors. Both AdipoRs bind adiponectin and the downstream signaling of both AdipoRs is mediated mainly by phosphorylation of AMPK and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, which influence the lipid and glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle and liver cells as well as inflammatory processes and vascular endothelial integrity. Several intracellular binding partners of the AdipoR N-terminus such as APPL1, CK2ß; and ERp46 have been identified and shown to control receptor signaling. Adiponectin has also been reported to modulate the dimerization and internalization of AdipoRs, which provides new insights into the molecular characteristics of this unusual receptor. The understanding of the functional mechanisms of adiponectin signal transduction is critical to benefit from the full therapeutic potential of the adiponectin-AdipoR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Adiponectin receptor 1 interacts with both subunits of protein kinase CK2. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 356:185-9. [PMID: 21750988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that is involved in the inhibition of metabolic syndrome, protection of hypertension, and suppression of atherosclerosis. Since these effects are not understood in detail, adiponectin signaling has to be clarified for therapeutic applications. Adiponectin activities are mediated by its two receptors adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin receptor 2, which consist of seven transmembrane helices. Previous studies revealed the beta subunit of protein kinase CK2 as an interaction partner of the adiponectin receptor 1 N-terminus using a yeast-two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, ELISA experiments, and co-localization studies. Inhibition of CK2 activity by 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benz-imidazole led to a decrease of ACC phosphorylation and indicates an important role of CK2 in adiponectin signaling. CK2 is characterized as a heterotetramer that consists of two regulatory beta and two catalytic alpha subunits, but a holoenzyme-independent role for both subunits is described as well. Therefore, we analyzed the role of the catalytic subunit in this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies and found CK2 alpha as an interaction partner of the receptor. Treatment with full-length adiponectin resulted in no dissociation of the catalytic alpha subunit. Consequently, our data suggest an interaction of the adiponectin receptor 1 with the tetrameric complex and identified protein kinase CK2 as a key player in adiponectin signaling.
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Ren Q, Zhou J, Sun SS, Kang CJ, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Molecular cloning and expression pattern analysis of two novel disulfide isomerases in shrimp. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:301-9. [PMID: 21130898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes formation and isomerization of disulfide bridges and has chaperone activity. Currently, increasing evidence suggests the significance of PDI in immune and stress responses. To clarify the role of PDIs in the innate immunity of shrimp, two PDI genes were isolated and identified from Fenneropenaeus chinensis (fleshy prawn). FcPDI1 is 1878bp in length and encodes a protein of 383 amino acids. It has 18-amino acid signal peptide, 3 thioredoxin domains with 3 active sites of CGHC, and KEDL retention signal at its C-end. FcPDI1 is an atypical PDI. The open reading frame of FcPDI2 encodes a 497-amino acid protein and shows the classical domain organization a-b-b'-a'. Phylogenic analysis and multiple alignments show that FcPDI1 is similar to PDI that contains 3 thioredoxin domains from other species including invertebrates and vertebrates. FcPDI2, LvPDI, and insect PDIs are grouped into one cluster and are similar to PDIs having a-b-b'-a' domain organization. Tissue distribution shows that FcPDI1 and FcPDI2 were expressed in all detected tissues at the mRNA level. Changes in FcPDI1 and FcPDI2 expression at the mRNA level in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, and ovaries upon Vibrio or white spot syndrome virus challenge were also analyzed. The results suggest that FcPDI1 and FcPDI2 might have roles in the innate immunity of shrimp. FcPDI1 was also successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant FcPDI1 showed insulin reductase activity. Results show that FcPDI might play an important role in the innate immunity of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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Chemical stress on protein disulfide isomerases and inhibition of their functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 290:121-66. [PMID: 21875564 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386037-8.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a folding assistant in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. PDI has multiple roles, acting as a chaperone, a binding partner of other proteins, and a hormone reservoir as well as a disulfide isomerase in the formation of disulfide bonds. PDI only interacts covalently with the cysteines of its substrates, but also binds a variety of peptides/proteins and small chemical ligands such as thyroid hormone. Oxidative stress and nitrosative stress can cause damage to chaperones, protein misfolding, and neurodegenerative disease, by affecting the functional integrity of PDI. There are 20 putative PDI-family members in the ER of human cells, but their functional differentiation is far from complete. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the mammalian PDI family of enzymes and focuses on their functional properties and interaction with substrates and small chemical ligands.
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Chen X, Karnovsky A, Sans MD, Andrews PC, Williams JA. Molecular characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum: insights from proteomic studies. Proteomics 2010; 10:4040-52. [PMID: 21080494 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle responsible for the synthesis, processing and trafficking of a wide variety of proteins essential for cell growth and survival. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of the ER proteome is of great importance to the understanding of its functions and has been actively pursued in the past decade by scientists in the proteomics field. This review summarizes major proteomic studies published in the past decade that focused on the ER proteome. We evaluate the data sets obtained from two different organs, liver and pancreas each of which contains a primary cell type (hepatocyte and acinar cell) with specialized functions. We also discuss how the nature of the proteins uncovered is related to the methods of organelle purification, organelle purity and the techniques used for protein separation prior to MS. In addition, this review also puts emphasis on the biological insights gained from these studies regarding the molecular functions of the ER including protein synthesis and translocation, protein folding and quality control, ER-associated degradation and ER stress, ER export and membrane trafficking, calcium homeostasis and detoxification and drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Buechler C, Wanninger J, Neumeier M. Adiponectin receptor binding proteins--recent advances in elucidating adiponectin signalling pathways. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4280-6. [PMID: 20875820 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin whose systemic levels are reduced in obesity-related diseases ameliorates insulin sensitivity and regulates biological processes like apoptosis, proliferation, migration and inflammation. Adiponectin binds to adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, which are ubiquitously expressed. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis of AdipoR1 and adiponectin has been demonstrated to modulate adiponectin bioactivity. Recently, APPL1 has been identified as an AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 binding protein. Furthermore, activated protein kinase C1, endoplasmic reticulum protein 46 and protein kinase CK2β subunit form a complex with AdipoR1. This review summarizes recent studies exploiting heterologous expression of adiponectin receptors in yeast, and the type and function of the recently described adiponectin receptor associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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