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Huang Z, Sung HK, Yan X, He S, Jin L, Wang Q, Wu X, Hsu HH, Pignalosa A, Crawford K, Sweeney G, Xu A. The adiponectin-derived peptide ALY688 protects against the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13760. [PMID: 38847320 PMCID: PMC11157418 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which has a high potential to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet adequate effective therapies are lacking. Hypoadiponectinemia is causally involved in the pathogenesis of MASH. This study investigated the pharmacological effects of adiponectin replacement therapy with the adiponectin-derived peptide ALY688 (ALY688-SR) in a mouse model of MASH. Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived hepatocytes were used to test cytotoxicity and signaling of unmodified ALY688 in vitro. High-fat diet with low methionine and no added choline (CDAHF) was used to induce MASH and test the effects of ALY688-SR in vivo. Histological MASH activity score (NAS) and fibrosis score were determined to assess the effect of ALY688-SR. Transcriptional characterization of mice through RNA sequencing was performed to indicate potential molecular mechanisms involved. In cultured hepatocytes, ALY688 efficiently induced adiponectin-like signaling, including the AMP-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and did not elicit cytotoxicity. Administration of ALY688-SR in mice did not influence body weight but significantly ameliorated CDAHF-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, therefore effectively preventing the development and progression of MASH. Mechanistically, ALY688-SR treatment markedly induced hepatic expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, whereas it significantly suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes as demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis. ALY688-SR may represent an effective approach in MASH treatment. Its mode of action involves inhibition of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, possibly via canonical adiponectin-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Science, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Xingqun Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Shiyu He
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Leigang Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xuerui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | | | | | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of BiologyYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Aimin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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2
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Laurindo LF, Sosin AF, Lamas CB, de Alvares Goulart R, Dos Santos Haber JF, Detregiachi CRP, Barbalho SM. Exploring the logic and conducting a comprehensive evaluation of AdipoRon-based adiponectin replacement therapy against hormone-related cancers-a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2067-2082. [PMID: 37864589 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits of adiponectin replacement therapy extend to numerous human diseases, with current research showing particular interest in its effectiveness against specific cancer forms, especially hormone-related. However, limitations in the pharmacological use of the intact protein have led to a focus on alternative options. AdipoRon is an extensively studied non-peptidic drug candidate for adiponectin replacement therapy. While researchers have explored the efficacy and therapeutic applications of AdipoRon in various disease conditions, their effects against cancer models advanced more, with no review regarding AdipoRon's efficacy against hormone-related cancers being published. The present systematic review aims to fill this gap. Preclinical evidence was compiled from PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and Google Scholar following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the manuscript's quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews' Quality. The included nine studies incorporated various cell and animal models of the pancreas, gynaecological system, and osteosarcoma cancers. AdipoRon demonstrated effectiveness against pancreatic cancer by activating p44/42 MAPK, mitochondrial dysfunction, and AMPK-mediated inhibition of ACC1. In gynaecological cancers, it exhibited promising anticancer effects through the activation of AMPK, potential inhibition of mTOR, and modulation of the SET1B/BOD1/AdipoR1 signaling cascade. Against osteosarcoma, AdipoRon worked by perturbing ERK1/2 signaling and reducing p70S6K phosphorylation. AdipoRon shows promise in preclinical studies, but human trials are crucial for clinical safety and effectiveness. Caution is needed due to potential off-target effects, especially in cancer therapy with multi-target approaches. Structural biology and computational methods can help predict these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil.
| | - Andreline Franchi Sosin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barbalho Lamas
- Department of Gerontology, School of Gerontology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, 17500-000, Brazil
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3
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Barbalho SM, Méndez-Sánchez N, Fornari Laurindo L. AdipoRon and ADP355, adiponectin receptor agonists, in Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A systematic review. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115871. [PMID: 37866803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin replacement therapy holds the potential to benefit numerous human diseases, and ongoing research applies particular interest in how adiponectin acts against Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the pharmacological limitations of the intact protein have prompted a focus on alternative options, specifically peptidic and small molecule agonists targeting the adiponectin receptor. AdipoRon is an extensively researched non-peptidic drug candidate in adiponectin replacement therapy. In turn, ADP355 is an adiponectin-based active short peptide. They have garnered significant attention due to their potential as substitutes for adiponectin. Researchers have studied AdipoRon's and ADP355's efficacy and therapeutic applications in various disease conditions. However, the effects of AdipoRon and ADP355 against NAFLD and NASH models advanced more, and no systematic review explored this area before. This systematic review was conceived to address the deficiency mentioned above and consider the lack of clinical evidence. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized. To assess the risk of bias in systematic review, The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was employed. Results from pre-clinical evidence show that AdipoRon and ADP355 represent promising effects in NAFLD and NASH-related models, including reducing hepatic steatosis, modulating inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing mitochondrial function, and protecting against liver fibrosis. While AdipoRon and ADP355 exhibit promise in pre-clinical studies and experimental models, additional clinical trials are necessary to assess their effectiveness, safety, and potential translational therapeutic potential uses in NAFLD and NASH human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zahradka P, Taylor CG, Tworek L, Perrault R, M’Seffar S, Murali M, Loader T, Wigle JT. Thrombin-Mediated Formation of Globular Adiponectin Promotes an Increase in Adipose Tissue Mass. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010030. [PMID: 36671414 PMCID: PMC9855379 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the circulating levels of adiponectin in obesity increases the risk of metabolic complications, but the role of globular adiponectin, a truncated form produced by proteolytic cleavage, has not been defined. The objective of this investigation was to determine how globular adiponectin is generated and to determine whether this process impacts obesity. The cleavage of recombinant full-length adiponectin into globular adiponectin by plasma in vitro was used to identify Gly-93 as the N-terminal residue after proteolytic processing. The amino acid sequence of the cleavage site suggested thrombin was the protease responsible for cleavage, and inhibitors confirmed its likely involvement. The proteolytic site was modified, and this thrombin-resistant mutant protein was infused for 4 weeks into obese adiponectin-knockout mice that had been on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The mutation of the cleavage site ensured that globular adiponectin was not generated, and thus did not confound the actions of the full-length adiponectin. Mice infused with the mutant adiponectin accumulated less fat and had smaller adipocytes compared to mice treated with globular adiponectin, and concurrently had elevated fasting glucose. The data demonstrate that generation of globular adiponectin through the action of thrombin increases both adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size, but it has no effect on fasting glucose levels in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-235-3507
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Leslee Tworek
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Raissa Perrault
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Sofia M’Seffar
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Megha Murali
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Tara Loader
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Otvos L. Potential Adiponectin Receptor Response Modifier Therapeutics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:539. [PMID: 31456747 PMCID: PMC6700268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases may benefit from adiponectin replacement therapy, but due to pharmacological disadvantages of the intact protein, druggable options focus on peptidic, and small molecule agonists of the adiponectin receptor. Peptide-based adiponectin replacement drug leads are derived from, or resemble, the active site of globular adiponectin. ADP355, the first-in-class such peptide, exhibits low nanomolar cellular activities, and clinically acceptable efficacies in a series of fibrotic and inflammation-derived diseases. The advantage of small molecule therapies, spearheaded by AdipoRon, is oral availability and extension of utility to a series of metabolic conditions. It is exactly the difficulties in the reliability and readout of the in vitro measures and the wealth of in vivo models that make comparison of the various drug classes complicated, if not impossible. While only a fewer number of maladies could take advantage of adiponectin receptor antagonists, the limited number of these available can be very useful tools in target validation studies. Alternative approaches to direct adiponectin signaling control use upstream adiponectin production inducing therapies but currently these offer relatively limited success compared to direct receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- OLPE LLC, Audubon, PA, United States
- Allysta Pharmaceuticals, San Mateo, CA, United States
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Laszlo Otvos Jr.
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6
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Hoffmann D, Eckhardt D, Gerlach D, Vilcinskas A, Czermak P. Downstream processing of Cry4AaCter-induced inclusion bodies containing insect-derived antimicrobial peptides produced in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 155:120-129. [PMID: 30529536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Cry4AaCter tag is a pull-down tag which promotes the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) that can be resolubilized in an alkaline buffer. Here, we used the Cry4AaCter tag to create a platform for the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in Escherichia coli featuring a uniform resolubilization process independent of the peptide fused to the pull-down tag. The Cry4AaCter tag conserves the bioactivity of fusion proteins and thus allows the purification of simple AMPs and more complex AMPs stabilized by disulfide bonds. We developed a downstream process (DSP) for the purification of IBs containing the mutated Galleria mellonella insect metalloprotease inhibitor IMPI(I38V), which has a globular structure stabilized by five disulfide bonds. IMPI(I38V) is a potent inhibitor of the M4 metalloproteases used as virulence factors by several human pathogens. We used a single crossflow filtration for the washing and resolubilization of the Cry4AaCter-induced IBs and obtained bioactive IMPI(I38V) after tag removal. We achieved a 68-fold higher protein yield using our IB system compared to an alternative DSP approach in which a GST-fusion strategy was used to produce soluble IMPI(I38V). The Cry4AaCter-based process was transferable to gloverin (another G. mellonella AMP) and the visible marker green fluorescent protein, which accumulated in fluorescent IBs, confirming it is a broadly applicable strategy for the recovery of functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoffmann
- University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dustin Eckhardt
- University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Gerlach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany; Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany; Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, 35392, Giessen, Germany; Kansas State University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 1005 Durland Hall 1701A Platt Street, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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Ni W, Liu H, Wang P, Wang L, Sun X, Wang H, Zhao G, Zheng Z. Evaluation of multiple fused partners on enhancing soluble level of prenyltransferase NovQ in Escherichia coli. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:465-474. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pal China S, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Adiponectin signaling and its role in bone metabolism. Cytokine 2018; 112:116-131. [PMID: 29937410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most prevalent adipo-cytokine in plasma plays critical metabolic and anti-inflammatory roles is fast emerging as an important molecular target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Adiponectin action is critical in multiple organs including cardio-vascular system, muscle, liver, adipose tissue, brain and bone. Adiponectin signaling in bone has been a topic of active investigation lately. Human association studies and multiple mice models of gene deletion/modification failed to define a clear cause and effect of adiponectin signaling in bone. The most plausible reason could be the multimeric forms of adiponectin that display differential binding to receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2) with cell-specific receptor variants in bone. Discovery of small molecule agonist of adipoR1 suggested a salutary role of this receptor in bone metabolism. The downstream signaling of adipoR1 in osteoblasts involves stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation leading to increased differentiation via the likely suppression of wnt inhibitor, sclerostin. On the other hand, the inflammation modulatory effect of adiponectin signaling suppresses the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand) - to - OPG (osteprotegerin) ratio in osteoblasts leading to the suppression of osteoclastogenic response. This review will discuss the adiponectin signaling and its role in skeletal homeostasis and critically assess whether adipoR1 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsundar Pal China
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India.
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China SP, Pal S, Chattopadhyay S, Porwal K, Kushwaha S, Bhattacharyya S, Mittal M, Gurjar AA, Barbhuyan T, Singh AK, Trivedi AK, Gayen JR, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Globular adiponectin reverses osteo-sarcopenia and altered body composition in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2017; 105:75-86. [PMID: 28811200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates various metabolic processes including glucose flux, lipid breakdown and insulin response. We recently reported that adiponectin receptor1 (adipoR1) activation by a small molecule reverses osteopenia in leptin receptor deficient db/db (diabetic) mice. However, the role of adiponectin in bone metabolism under the setting of post-menopausal (estrogen-deficiency) osteopenia and associated metabolic derangements has not been studied. Here, we studied the therapeutic effect of the globular form of adiponectin (gAd), which is predominantly an adipoR1 agonist, in aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats and compared it with standard-of-care anti-osteoporosis drugs. In OVX rats with established osteopenia, gAd completely restored BMD and load bearing capacity and improved bone quality. Skeletal effects of gAd were comparable to PTH (osteoanabolic) but better than alendronate (anti-catabolic). Both osteoanabolic and anti-catabolic mechanisms led to the anti-osteoporosis effect of gAd. In cultured osteoblasts and bones, gAd increased a) adipoR1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) expression to promote mitochondrial respiration, which likely fueled osteoblast differentiation, b) suppressed sclerostin (a wnt antagonist) in a sirtuin1-dependent manner and c) decreased receptor-activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to achieve its anti-catabolic effect. The OVX-induced sarcopenia and insulin resistance were also improved by gAd. We conclude that gAd has therapeutic efficacy in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, sarcopenia and insulin resistance and hold metabolic disease modifying potential in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsundar Pal China
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India; Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Sharmishtha Bhattacharyya
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anagha A Gurjar
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India; Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Tarun Barbhuyan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Arun K Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India; Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Hoffmann D, Ebrahimi M, Gerlach D, Salzig D, Czermak P. Reassessment of inclusion body-based production as a versatile opportunity for difficult-to-express recombinant proteins. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:729-744. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1398134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Gerlach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group Bioresources, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group Bioresources, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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11
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Singh AK, Shree S, Chattopadhyay S, Kumar S, Gurjar A, Kushwaha S, Kumar H, Trivedi AK, Chattopadhyay N, Maurya R, Ramachandran R, Sanyal S. Small molecule adiponectin receptor agonist GTDF protects against skeletal muscle atrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:273-285. [PMID: 27645900 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating response to several major diseases, muscle disuse and chronic steroid treatment for which currently no therapy is available. Since adiponectin signaling plays key roles in muscle energetics, we assessed if globular adiponectin (gAd) or the small molecule adiponectin mimetic 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF) could ameliorate muscle atrophy. Both GTDF and gAd induced C2C12 myoblast differentiation. GTDF and gAd effectively prevented reduction in myotube area and suppressed the expressions of atrophy markers; atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF1) in models of steroid, cytokine and starvation -induced muscle atrophy. The protective effects of GTDF and gAd were routed through AMPK and AKT activation and thereby stimulation of PPAR gamma coactivator 1α and inhibition of forkhead box O transcription factors. Finally, GTDF and gAd mitigated dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate that activating adiponectin signaling may be an effective therapeutic strategy against skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sonal Shree
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Campus, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anagha Gurjar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Campus, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ravishankar Ramachandran
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Campus, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Qi X, Sun Y, Xiong S. A single freeze-thawing cycle for highly efficient solubilization of inclusion body proteins and its refolding into bioactive form. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:24. [PMID: 25879903 PMCID: PMC4343044 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild solubilization of inclusion bodies has attracted attention in recent days, with an objective to preserve the existing native-like secondary structure of proteins, reduce protein aggregation during refolding and recovering high amount of bioactive proteins from inclusion bodies. RESULTS Here we presented an efficient method for mild solubilization of inclusion bodies by using a freeze-thawing process in the presence of low concentration of urea. We used two different proteins to demonstrate the advantage of this method over the traditional urea-denatured method: enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and the catalytic domain of human macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12_CAT). Firstly, PBS buffer at pH 8 containing different molar concentration of urea (0-8 M) were used to solubilize EGFP and MMP-12-CAT inclusion bodies and the solubility achieved in 2 M urea in PBS buffer by freeze-thawing method was comparable to that of PBS buffer containing 8 M urea by traditional urea-denatured method. Secondly, different solvents were used to solubilize EGFP and MMP-12_CAT from inclusion bodies and the results indicated that a wide range of buffers containing 2 M urea could efficiently solubilize EGFP and MMP-12_CAT inclusion bodies by freeze-thawing method. Thirdly, the effect of pH and freezing temperature on the solubility of EGFP and MMP-12_CAT inclusion bodies were studied, revealing that solubilization of inclusion bodies by freeze-thawing method is pH dependent and the optimal freezing temperature indicated here is -20°C. Forth, the solubilized EGFP and MMP-12_CAT from inclusion bodies were refolded by rapid dilution and dialysis, respectively. The results showed that the refolded efficiency is much higher (more than twice) from freeze-thawing method than the traditional urea-denatured method. The freeze-thawing method containing 2 M urea also effectively solubilized a number of proteins as inclusion bodies in E.coli. CONCLUSIONS Mild solubilization of inclusion body proteins using the freeze-thawing method is simple, highly efficient and generally applicable. The method can be utilized to prepare large quantities of bioactive soluble proteins from inclusion bodies for basic research and industrial purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Yifan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Inhibitory effects of a peptide-fusion protein (Latarcin-PAP1-Thanatin) against chikungunya virus. Antiviral Res 2014; 108:173-80. [PMID: 24929084 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks have led to a serious economic burden, as the available treatment strategies can only alleviate disease symptoms, and no effective therapeutics or vaccines are currently available for human use. Here, we report the use of a new cost-effective approach involving production of a recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein that is scalable for the treatment of CHIKV infection. A peptide-fusion recombinant protein LATA-PAP1-THAN that was generated by joining Latarcin (LATA) peptide with the N-terminus of the PAP1 antiviral protein, and the Thanatin (THAN) peptide to the C-terminus, was produced in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies. The antiviral LATA-PAP1-THAN protein showed 89.0% reduction of viral plaque formation compared with PAP1 (46.0%), LATA (67.0%) or THAN (79.3%) peptides alone. The LATA-PAP1-THAN protein reduced the viral RNA load that was 0.89-fold compared with the untreated control cells. We also showed that PAP1 resulted in 0.44-fold reduction, and THAN and LATA resulting in 0.78-fold and 0.73-fold reductions, respectively. The LATA-PAP1-THAN protein inhibited CHIKV replication in the Vero cells at an EC50 of 11.2μg/ml, which is approximately half of the EC50 of PAP1 (23.7μg/ml) and protected the CHIKV-infected mice at the dose of 0.75mg/ml. We concluded that production of antiviral peptide-fusion protein in E. coli as inclusion bodies could accentuate antiviral activities, enhance cellular internalisation, and could reduce product toxicity to host cells and is scalable to epidemic response quantities.
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Rothan HA, Bahrani H, Mohamed Z, Abd Rahman N, Yusof R. Fusion of protegrin-1 and plectasin to MAP30 shows significant inhibition activity against dengue virus replication. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94561. [PMID: 24722532 PMCID: PMC3983197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) broadly disseminates in tropical and sub-tropical countries and there are no vaccine or anti-dengue drugs available. DENV outbreaks cause serious economic burden due to infection complications that requires special medical care and hospitalization. This study presents a new strategy for inexpensive production of anti-DENV peptide-fusion protein to prevent and/or treat DENV infection. Antiviral cationic peptides protegrin-1 (PG1) and plectasin (PLSN) were fused with MAP30 protein to produce recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein (PG1-MAP30-PLSN) as inclusion bodies in E. coli. High yield production of PG1-MAP30-PLSN protein was achieved by solubilization of inclusion bodies in alkaline buffer followed by the application of appropriate refolding techniques. Antiviral PG1-MAP30-PLSN protein considerably inhibited DENV protease (NS2B-NS3pro) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.5±0.1 μM. The real-time proliferation assay (RTCA) and the end-point proliferation assay (MTT assay) showed that the maximal-nontoxic dose of the peptide-fusion protein against Vero cells is approximately 0.67±0.2 μM. The cell-based assays showed considerable inhibition of the peptide-fusion protein against binding and proliferating stages of DENV2 into the target cells. The peptide-fusion protein protected DENV2-challeged mice with 100% of survival at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, producing recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein by combining short antiviral peptide with a central protein owning similar activity could be useful to minimize the overall cost of short peptide production and take advantage of its synergistic antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A. Rothan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hirbod Bahrani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zulqarnain Mohamed
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ramón A, Señorale-Pose M, Marín M. Inclusion bodies: not that bad…. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:56. [PMID: 24592259 PMCID: PMC3924032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) constitute a frequent event during the production of heterologous proteins in bacterial hosts. Although the mechanisms leading to their formation are not completely understood, empirical data have been exploited trying to predict the aggregation propensity of specific proteins while a great number of strategies have been developed to avoid the generation of IBs. However, in many cases, the formation of such aggregates can be considered an advantage for basic research as for protein production. In this review, we focus on this positive side of IBs formation in bacteria. We present a compilation on recent advances on the understanding of IBs formation and their utilization as a model to understand protein aggregation and to explore strategies to control this process. We include recent information about their composition and structure, their use as an attractive approach to produce low cost proteins and other promising applications in Biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramón
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Señorale-Pose
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mónica Marín
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
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Juhl C, Beck-Sickinger AG. Molecular tools to characterize adiponectin activity. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:31-56. [PMID: 23017711 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Within the past years, numerous hormones were found to be secreted by adipose tissue. As these adipokines exert different physiological effects with great importance in obesity, they provide new strategies for the treatment of obesity associated disorders. Adiponectin is one of the most promising targets due to its protective properties in glucose and lipid metabolism, which are mediated by the adiponectin receptor 1 and 2. Within the past decades, substantial progress in understanding the molecular function of this unique ligand-receptor system could be achieved. This review summarizes the most important approaches for the investigation of adiponectin activity. Even though many insights into adipokine function could be achieved, clarification of the detailed mode of action is still challenging. For this reason, this review gives an overview of frequently used methods, which led to the molecular characterization of adiponectin and might help to get more detailed insights into the broad aspects of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Juhl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Addabbo F, Nacci C, De Benedictis L, Leo V, Tarquinio M, Quon MJ, Montagnani M. Globular adiponectin counteracts VCAM-1-mediated monocyte adhesion via AdipoR1/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling in human aortic endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E1143-54. [PMID: 21900123 PMCID: PMC4747914 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00208.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad) is an insulin-sensitizing adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties. Cleavage of native full-length Ad (fAd) by elastases from activated monocytes generates globular Ad (gAd). Increased gAd levels are observed in the proximity of atherosclerotic lesions, but the physiological meaning of this proteolytic Ad fragment in the cardiovascular system is controversial. We compared molecular and biological properties of fAd and gAd in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). In control HAEC, both fAd and gAd acutely stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production by AMPK-dependent pathways. With respect to fAd, gAd more efficiently increased activation of NF-κB signaling pathways, resulting in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression and COX-2-dependent prostacyclin 2 (PGI(2)) release. In contrast with fAd, gAd also increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and VCAM-1 expression, ultimately enhancing adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. In HAEC lacking AdipoR1 (by siRNA), both activation of NF-κB as well as COX-2 overexpression by gAd were abrogated. Conversely, gAd-mediated p38MAPK activation and VCAM-1 expression were unaffected, and monocyte adhesion was greatly enhanced. In HAEC lacking COX-2 (by siRNA), reduced levels of PGI(2) further increased gAd-dependent monocyte adhesion. Our findings suggest that biological activities of fAd and gAd in endothelium do not completely overlap, with gAd possessing both AdipoR1-dependent ability to stimulate COX-2 expression and AdipoR1-independent effects related to expression of VCAM-1 and adhesion of monocytes to endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Addabbo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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18
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Singh SM, Sharma A, Upadhyay AK, Singh A, Garg LC, Panda AK. Solubilization of inclusion body proteins using n-propanol and its refolding into bioactive form. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 81:75-82. [PMID: 21964443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) were isolated from Escherichia coli, enriched and solubilized in 100mM Tris buffer containing 6M n-propanol and 2M urea. Around 4 mg/ml of r-hGH from inclusion bodies were solubilized in 6M n-propanol-based buffer containing 2M urea. Existence of native-like secondary structure of r-hGH in 6M n-propanol solution was confirmed by CD and fluorescence spectra. Solubilized r-hGH was subsequently refolded by pulsatile dilution, purified to homogeneity and found to be functionally active. Tris buffer containing 6M n-propanol and 2M urea also effectively solubilized a number of proteins expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. Mild solubilization of inclusion body proteins, chaotropic effect of n-propanol at high concentration and kosmotropic effect at lower concentration helped in improved refolding of the solubilized protein. Around 40% of the r-hGH in the form of inclusion body aggregates was refolded into bioactive form while using n-propanol as solubilization agent. Solubilization with 6M n-propanol solution thus can be a viable alternative for achieving high throughput recovery of bioactive protein from inclusion bodies of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Singh
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Aparna Sharma
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Arun K Upadhyay
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Anupam Singh
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Lalit C Garg
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Adiponectin receptor 1 interacts with both subunits of protein kinase CK2. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 356:185-9. [PMID: 21750988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that is involved in the inhibition of metabolic syndrome, protection of hypertension, and suppression of atherosclerosis. Since these effects are not understood in detail, adiponectin signaling has to be clarified for therapeutic applications. Adiponectin activities are mediated by its two receptors adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin receptor 2, which consist of seven transmembrane helices. Previous studies revealed the beta subunit of protein kinase CK2 as an interaction partner of the adiponectin receptor 1 N-terminus using a yeast-two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, ELISA experiments, and co-localization studies. Inhibition of CK2 activity by 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benz-imidazole led to a decrease of ACC phosphorylation and indicates an important role of CK2 in adiponectin signaling. CK2 is characterized as a heterotetramer that consists of two regulatory beta and two catalytic alpha subunits, but a holoenzyme-independent role for both subunits is described as well. Therefore, we analyzed the role of the catalytic subunit in this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies and found CK2 alpha as an interaction partner of the receptor. Treatment with full-length adiponectin resulted in no dissociation of the catalytic alpha subunit. Consequently, our data suggest an interaction of the adiponectin receptor 1 with the tetrameric complex and identified protein kinase CK2 as a key player in adiponectin signaling.
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