1
|
Ramirez Flores RO, Schäfer PSL, Küchenhoff L, Saez-Rodriguez J. Complementing Cell Taxonomies with a Multicellular Analysis of Tissues. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38319138 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00001.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of single-cell molecular profiling coupled with spatial technologies has enabled charting of cellular heterogeneity in reference tissues and in disease. This new wave of molecular data has highlighted the expected diversity of single-cell dynamics upon shared external queues and spatial organizations. However, little is known about the relationship between single-cell heterogeneity and the emergence and maintenance of robust multicellular processes in developed tissues and its role in (patho)physiology. Here, we present emerging computational modeling strategies that use increasingly available large-scale cross-condition single-cell and spatial datasets to study multicellular organization in tissues and complement cell taxonomies. This perspective should enable us to better understand how cells within tissues collectively process information and adapt synchronized responses in disease contexts and to bridge the gap between structural changes and functions in tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Omar Ramirez Flores
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sven Lars Schäfer
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonie Küchenhoff
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Turbitt J, Moffett RC, Brennan L, Johnson PRV, Flatt PR, McClenaghan NH, Tarasov AI. Molecular determinants and intracellular targets of taurine signalling in pancreatic islet β-cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14101. [PMID: 38243723 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Despite its abundance in pancreatic islets of Langerhans and proven antihyperglycemic effects, the impact of the essential amino acid, taurine, on islet β-cell biology has not yet received due consideration, which prompted the current studies exploring the molecular selectivity of taurine import into β-cells and its acute and chronic intracellular interactions. METHODS The molecular aspects of taurine transport were probed by exposing the clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 β-cells and primary mouse and human islets to a range of the homologs of the amino acid (assayed at 2-20 mM), using the hormone release and imaging of intracellular signals as surrogate read-outs. Known secretagogues were employed to profile the interaction of taurine with acute and chronic intracellular signals. RESULTS Taurine transporter TauT was expressed in the islet β-cells, with the transport of taurine and homologs having a weak sulfonate specificity but significant sensitivity to the molecular weight of the transporter. Taurine, hypotaurine, homotaurine, and β-alanine enhanced insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, an action potentiated by cytosolic Ca2+ and cAMP. Acute and chronic β-cell insulinotropic effects of taurine were highly sensitive to co-agonism with GLP-1, forskolin, tolbutamide, and membrane depolarization, with an unanticipated indifference to the activation of PKC and CCK8 receptors. Pre-culturing with GLP-1 or KATP channel inhibitors sensitized or, respectively, desensitized β-cells to the acute taurine stimulus. CONCLUSION Together, these data demonstrate the pathways whereby taurine exhibits a range of beneficial effects on insulin secretion and β-cell function, consistent with the antidiabetic potential of its dietary low-dose supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Turbitt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (OxBRC), Oxford, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Neville H McClenaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Republic of Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kothegala L, Miranda C, Singh M, Krieger JP, Gandasi NR. Somatostatin Containing δ-Cell Number Is Reduced in Type-2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043449. [PMID: 36834860 PMCID: PMC9959292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments suggest that increased glucagon and decreased somatostatin secretion from the pancreas contribute to hyperglycaemia in type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients. There is a huge need to understand changes in glucagon and somatostatin secretion to develop potential anti-diabetic drugs. To further describe the role of somatostatin in the pathogenesis of T2D, reliable means to detect islet δ-cells and somatostatin secretion are necessary. In this study, we first tested currently available anti-somatostatin antibodies against a mouse model that fluorescently labels δ-cells. We found that these antibodies only label 10-15% of the fluorescently labelled δ-cells in pancreatic islets. We further tested six antibodies (newly developed) that can label both somatostatin 14 (SST14) and 28 (SST28) and found that four of them were able to detect above 70% of the fluorescent cells in the transgenic islets. This is quite efficient compared to the commercially available antibodies. Using one of these antibodies (SST10G5), we compared the cytoarchitecture of mouse and human pancreatic islets and found fewer δ-cells in the periphery of human islets. Interestingly, the δ-cell number was also reduced in islets from T2D donors compared to non-diabetic donors. Finally, with the aim to measure SST secretion from pancreatic islets, one of the candidate antibodies was used to develop a direct-ELISA-based SST assay. Using this novel assay, we could detect SST secretion under low and high glucose conditions from the pancreatic islets, both in mice and humans. Overall, using antibody-based tools provided by Mercodia AB, our study indicates reduced δ-cell numbers and SST secretion in diabetic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kothegala
- Cell Metabolism Lab (GA-08), Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics (DBG), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, India
- Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 430, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Miranda
- Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 430, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meetu Singh
- Cell Metabolism Lab (GA-08), Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics (DBG), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 430, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikhil R. Gandasi
- Cell Metabolism Lab (GA-08), Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics (DBG), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, India
- Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 430, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosh S, Pramanik S. Structural diversity, functional aspects and future therapeutic applications of human gut microbiome. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5281-5308. [PMID: 34405262 PMCID: PMC8370661 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research on human gut microbiome, regarded as the black box of the human body, is still at the stage of infancy as the functional properties of the complex gut microbiome have not yet been understood. Ongoing metagenomic studies have deciphered that the predominant microbial communities belong to eubacterial phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and archaebacterial phylum Euryarchaeota. The indigenous commensal microbial flora prevents opportunistic pathogenic infection and play undeniable roles in digestion, metabolite and signaling molecule production and controlling host's cellular health, immunity and neuropsychiatric behavior. Besides maintaining intestinal health via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, gut microbes also aid in neuro-immuno-endocrine modulatory molecule production, immune cell differentiation and glucose and lipid metabolism. Interdependence of diet and intestinal microbial diversity suggests the effectiveness of pre- and pro-biotics in maintenance of gut and systemic health. Several companies worldwide have started potentially exploiting the microbial contribution to human health and have translated their use in disease management and therapeutic applications. The present review discusses the vast diversity of microorganisms playing intricate roles in human metabolism. The contribution of the intestinal microbiota to regulate systemic activities including gut-brain-immunity crosstalk has been focused. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to collate and discuss the companies worldwide translating the multi-therapeutic potential of human intestinal microbiota, based on the multi-omics studies, i.e. metagenomics and metabolomics, as ready solutions for several metabolic and systemic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ghosh
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India.
| | - Sreemanta Pramanik
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drzazga A, Cichońska E, Koziołkiewicz M, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Formation of βTC3 and MIN6 Pseudoislets Changes the Expression Pattern of Gpr40, Gpr55, and Gpr119 Receptors and Improves Lysophosphatidylcholines-Potentiated Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Cells 2020; 9:E2062. [PMID: 32917053 PMCID: PMC7565006 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impaired spatial arrangement and connections between cells creating islets of Langerhans as well as altered expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) often lead to dysfunction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells and can significantly contribute to the development of diabetes. Differences in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are noticeable not only in diabetic individuals but also in model pancreatic β cells, e.g., βTC3 and MIN6 β cell lines with impaired and normal insulin secretion, respectively. Now, we compare the ability of GPCR agonists (lysophosphatidylcholines bearing fatty acid chains of different lengths) to potentiate GSIS in βTC3 and MIN6 β cell models, cultured as adherent monolayers and in a form of pseudoislets (PIs) with pancreatic MS1 endothelial cells. Our aim was also to investigate differences in expression of the GPCRs responsive to LPCs in these experimental systems. Aggregation of β cells into islet-like structures greatly enhanced the expression of Gpr40, Gpr55, and Gpr119 receptors. In contrast, the co-culture of βTC3 cells with endothelial cells converted the GPCR expression pattern closer to the pattern observed in MIN6 cells. Additionally, the efficiencies of various LPC species in βTC3-MS1 PIs also shifted toward the MIN6 cell model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drzazga
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (E.C.); (M.K.)
| | | | | | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (E.C.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Mao S, Zhang Q, Li H, Huang Q, Khan M, Uchiyama K, Lin JM. Measurement of Cell-Matrix Adhesion at Single-Cell Resolution for Revealing the Functions of Biomaterials for Adherent Cell Culture. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9637-9643. [PMID: 30016872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is essential for a cell to maintain its functions, and biomaterials acting as the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a vital role. However, conventional methods for evaluating the functions of biomaterials become insufficient and sometimes incorrect when we give a deeper insight into single-cell research. In this work, we reported a novel methodology for the measurement of cell-matrix adhesion at single-cell resolution that could precisely evaluate the functions of biomaterials for adherent cell culture. A microfludic device, a live single-cell extractor (LSCE), was used for cell extraction. We applied this method to evaluate various modified biomaterials. The results indicated that poly(l-polylysine) (PLL)-coated glass and fibronection (FN)-coated glass slides showed the best biocompatibility for adherent cell culture following by the (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated glass, while piranha solution treated glass slide and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-coated glass showed weak biocompatibilities. Furthermore, APTES, PLL, and FN modifications enhanced the cell heterogeneity, while the OTS modification weakened the cell heterogeneity compare to the initial piranha solution treated glass. The method not only clarified the cell-matrix adhesion strength at single-cell resolution but also revealed the influences of biomaterials on cell-matrix adhesion and heterogeneity of cell-matrix adhesion for adherent cell culture. It might be a general strategy for precise evaluation of biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Haifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Minamiohsawa, Hachioji , Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Cui M, Yang F, Li N, Jiang B, Yu Z, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhu X, Hu H, Li PS, Ning SL, Wang S, Qi H, Song H, He D, Lin A, Zhang J, Liu F, Zhao J, Gao L, Yi F, Xue T, Sun JP, Gong Y, Yu X. A cullin 4B-RING E3 ligase complex fine-tunes pancreatic δ cell paracrine interactions. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2631-2646. [PMID: 28604389 DOI: 10.1172/jci91348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin secreted by pancreatic δ cells mediates important paracrine interactions in Langerhans islets, including maintenance of glucose metabolism through the control of reciprocal insulin and glucagon secretion. Disruption of this circuit contributes to the development of diabetes. However, the precise mechanisms that control somatostatin secretion from islets remain elusive. Here, we found that a super-complex comprising the cullin 4B-RING E3 ligase (CRL4B) and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) epigenetically regulates somatostatin secretion in islets. Constitutive ablation of CUL4B, the core component of the CRL4B-PRC2 complex, in δ cells impaired glucose tolerance and decreased insulin secretion through enhanced somatostatin release. Moreover, mechanistic studies showed that the CRL4B-PRC2 complex, under the control of the δ cell-specific transcription factor hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX), determines the levels of intracellular calcium and cAMP through histone posttranslational modifications, thereby altering expression of the Cav1.2 calcium channel and adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6) and modulating somatostatin secretion. In response to high glucose levels or urocortin 3 (UCN3) stimulation, increased expression of cullin 4B (CUL4B) and the PRC2 subunit histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 and reciprocal decreases in Cav1.2 and AC6 expression were found to regulate somatostatin secretion. Our results reveal an epigenetic regulatory mechanism of δ cell paracrine interactions in which CRL4B-PRC2 complexes, Cav1.2, and AC6 expression fine-tune somatostatin secretion and facilitate glucose homeostasis in pancreatic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Min Cui
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Genetics, and
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Daolai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xibin Zhu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Genetics, and
| | - Pei-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Genetics, and
| | - Shang-Lei Ning
- Department of Biochemistry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Si Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Haibo Qi
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Hechen Song
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| | - Dongfang He
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology.,Department of Biochemistry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Amy Lin
- Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Genetics, and
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alán L, Olejár T, Cahová M, Zelenka J, Berková Z, Smětáková M, Saudek F, Matěj R, Ježek P. Delta Cell Hyperplasia in Adult Goto-Kakizaki (GK/MolTac) Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:385395. [PMID: 26236746 PMCID: PMC4506919 DOI: 10.1155/2015/385395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced beta cell mass in pancreatic islets (PI) of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats is frequently observed in this diabetic model, but knowledge on delta cells is scarce. Aiming to compare delta cell physiology/pathology of GK to Wistar rats, we found that delta cell number increased over time as did somatostatin mRNA and delta cells distribution in PI is different in GK rats. Subtle changes in 6-week-old GK rats were found. With maturation and aging of GK rats, disturbed cytoarchitecture occurred with irregular beta cells accompanied by delta cell hyperplasia and loss of pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) positivity. Unlike the constant glucose-stimulation index for insulin PI release in Wistar rats, this index declined with GK age, whereas for somatostatin it increased with age. A decrease of GK rat PPY serum levels was found. GK rat body weight decreased with increasing hyperglycemia. Somatostatin analog octreotide completely blocked insulin secretion, impaired proliferation at low autocrine insulin, and decreased PPY secretion and mitochondrial DNA in INS-1E cells. In conclusion, in GK rats PI, significant local delta cell hyperplasia and suspected paracrine effect of somatostatin diminish beta cell viability and contribute to the deterioration of beta cell mass. Altered PPY-secreting cells distribution amends another component of GK PI's pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Alán
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Olejár
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cahová
- Institute of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Berková
- Institute of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Smětáková
- Teaching Thomayer Hospital and Third Medical School, Charles University, 14059 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Saudek
- Institute of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Teaching Thomayer Hospital and Third Medical School, Charles University, 14059 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- *Petr Ježek:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stone VM, Dhayal S, Brocklehurst KJ, Lenaghan C, Sörhede Winzell M, Hammar M, Xu X, Smith DM, Morgan NG. GPR120 (FFAR4) is preferentially expressed in pancreatic delta cells and regulates somatostatin secretion from murine islets of Langerhans. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1182-91. [PMID: 24663807 PMCID: PMC4018485 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The NEFA-responsive G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation, in the control of incretin secretion and as a predisposing factor influencing the development of type 2 diabetes by regulation of islet cell apoptosis. However, there is still considerable controversy about the tissue distribution of GPR120 and, in particular, it remains unclear which islet cell types express this molecule. In the present study, we have addressed this issue by constructing a Gpr120-knockout/β-galactosidase (LacZ) knock-in (KO/KI) mouse to examine the distribution and functional role of GPR120 in the endocrine pancreas. METHODS A KO/KI mouse was generated in which exon 1 of the Gpr120 gene (also known as Ffar4) was replaced in frame by LacZ, thereby allowing for regulated expression of β-galactosidase under the control of the endogenous GPR120 promoter. The distribution of GPR120 was inferred from expression studies detecting β-galactosidase activity and protein production. Islet hormone secretion was measured from isolated mouse islets treated with selective GPR120 agonists. RESULTS β-galactosidase activity was detected as a surrogate for GPR120 expression exclusively in a small population of islet endocrine cells located peripherally within the islet mantle. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed co-localisation with somatostatin suggesting that GPR120 is preferentially produced in islet delta cells. In confirmation of this, glucose-induced somatostatin secretion was inhibited by a range of selective GPR120 agonists. This response was lost in GPR120-knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results imply that GPR120 is selectively present within the delta cells of murine islets and that it regulates somatostatin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M. Stone
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| | | | | | | | - Mårten Hammar
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - David M. Smith
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mao S, Zhang J, Li H, Lin JM. Strategy for Signaling Molecule Detection by Using an Integrated Microfluidic Device Coupled with Mass Spectrometry to Study Cell-to-Cell Communication. Anal Chem 2012; 85:868-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical
Methods and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical
Methods and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical
Methods and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical
Methods and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo-Parke H, McCluskey JT, Kelly C, Hamid M, McClenaghan NH, Flatt PR. Configuration of electrofusion-derived human insulin-secreting cell line as pseudoislets enhances functionality and therapeutic utility. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:257-65. [PMID: 22685334 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Formation of pseudoislets from rodent cell lines has provided a particularly useful model to study homotypic islet cell interactions and insulin secretion. This study aimed to extend this research to generate and characterize, for the first time, functional human pseudoislets comprising the recently described electrofusion-derived insulin-secreting 1.1B4 human β-cell line. Structural pseudoislets formed readily over 3-7 days in culture using ultra-low-attachment plastic, attaining a static size of 100-200 μm in diameter, corresponding to ~6000 β cells. This was achieved by decreases in cell proliferation and integrity as assessed by BrdU ELISA, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Insulin content was comparable between monolayers and pseudoislets. However, pseudoislet formation enhanced insulin secretion by 1·7- to 12·5-fold in response to acute stimulation with glucose, amino acids, incretin hormones, or drugs compared with equivalent cell monolayers. Western blot and RT-PCR showed expression of key genes involved in cell communication and the stimulus-secretion pathway. Expression of E-Cadherin and connexin 36 and 43 was greatly enhanced in pseudoislets with no appreciable connexin 43 protein expression in monolayers. Comparable levels of insulin, glucokinase, and GLUT1 were found in both cell populations. The improved secretory function of human 1.1B4 cell pseudoislets over monolayers results from improved cellular interactions mediated through gap junction communication. Pseudoislets comprising engineered electrofusion-derived human β cells provide an attractive model for islet research and drug testing as well as offering novel therapeutic application through transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo-Parke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kelly C, Parke HG, McCluskey JT, Flatt PR, McClenaghan NH. The role of glucagon- and somatostatin-secreting cells in the regulation of insulin release and beta-cell function in heterotypic pseudoislets. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010; 26:525-33. [PMID: 20718077 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoislet studies have concentrated on single beta-cell lines or a combination of insulin and glucagon-secreting cells, overlooking the potential role of somatostatin in insulin release. This study sought to evaluate a heterotypic pseudoislet model containing insulin- (MIN6), glucagon- (αTC1.9) and somatostatin (TGP52)-secreting cells of mouse origin and to compare these pseudoislets with traditional monolayer preparations. METHODS Cellular viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays), proliferation (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine ELISA), hormone content and functional insulin release in response to a variety of stimuli were measured. Differential expression of E-cadherin, connexin 36 and connexin 43 was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot to determine a possible role for adherens in insulin release from these pseudoislets. RESULTS All pseudoislet cells displayed reduced proliferation coupled with an increase in cell death which may contribute to their static size in culture. While MIN6 and TGP52 cells expressed E-cadherin and showed sustained or improved hormone content when configured as pseudoislets, αTC1.9 lacked E-cadherin and contained less glucagon following pseudoislet formation. MIN6 and αTC1.9 cells expressed connexin 36, but not connexin 43 and TGP52 cells expressed connexin 43 only. In the presence of Alanine, Arginine and glucagon-like peptide-1, heterotypic pseudoislet cultures secreted levels of insulin that were comparable to that of MIN6 pseudoislets. In addition, pseudoislets comprising all three cell lines released more insulin into the surrounding culture medium than MIN6 pseudoislets when studied over a 1-week period. CONCLUSIONS The current model may prove useful in studying the role of islet cell interactions in the release of insulin from pancreatic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Kelly
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|