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Wang B, Yang X, Sun X, Liu J, Fu Y, Liu B, Qiu J, Lian J, Zhou J. ATF3 in atherosclerosis: a controversial transcription factor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1557-1568. [PMID: 36207452 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathophysiological basis of most malignant cardiovascular diseases, remains a global concern. Transcription factors play a key role in regulating cell function and disease progression in developmental signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Activated transcription factor (ATF) 3 is an adaptive response gene in the ATF/cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein family that acts as a transcription suppressor or activator by forming homodimers or heterodimers with other ATF/CREB members. Appropriate ATF3 expression is vital for normal physiological cell function. Notably, ATF3 exhibits distinct roles in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and the liver, which will also be described in detail. This review provides a new perspective for atherosclerosis therapy by summarizing the mechanism of ATF3 in atherosclerosis, as well as the structure and pathophysiological properties of ATF3. KEY MESSAGES: • In endothelial cells, ATF3 overexpression aggravates oxidative stress and inflammation. • In macrophages and liver cells, ATF3 can act as a negative regulator of inflammation and promote cholesterol metabolism. • ATF3 can be used as a potential therapeutic factor in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China.
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2
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Ku HC, Chan TY, Chung JF, Kao YH, Cheng CF. The ATF3 inducer protects against diet-induced obesity via suppressing adipocyte adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and browning. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112440. [PMID: 34839254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) inducer ST32db, a synthetic compound with a chemical structure similar to that of native Danshen compounds, exerts an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 white preadipocytes, D16 beige cells, and mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that ST32db inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and enhancing lipolysis-related gene (and protein levels) via the activation of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR)/PKA/p38, AMPK, and ERK pathways. Furthermore, ST32db inhibited triacylglycerol accumulation in D16 adipocytes by suppressing adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and upregulating browning gene expression by suppressing the β3-AR/PKA/p38, and AMPK pathways. Intraperitoneally injected ST32db (1 mg kg-1 twice weekly) inhibited body weight gain and reduced the weight of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), epididymal WAT (eWAT), and mesenteric WAT, with no effects on food intake by the obese mice. The adipocyte diameter and area of iWAT and eWAT were decreased in obese mice injected with ST32db compared with those administered only HFD. In addition, ST32db significantly suppressed adipogenesis and activated lipolysis, browning, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation-related pathways by suppressing the p38 pathway in the iWAT of the obese mice. These results indicated that the ATF3 inducer ST32db has therapeutic potential for reducing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fang Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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3
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Dahyaleh K, Sung HK, Prioriello M, Rengasamy P, Lam NH, Kim JB, Gross S, Sweeney G. Iron overload reduces adiponectin receptor expression via a ROS/FOXO1-dependent mechanism leading to adiponectin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5339-5351. [PMID: 33432609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload (IO) is a common yet underappreciated finding in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. With the prevalence of MetS continuing to rise, it is imperative to further elucidate cellular mechanisms leading to metabolic dysfunction. Adiponectin has many beneficial effects and is a therapeutic target for the treatment of MetS and cardiovascular diseases. IO positively correlates with reduced circulating adiponectin levels yet the impact of IO on adiponectin action is unknown. Here, we established a model of IO in L6 skeletal muscle cells and found that IO-induced adiponectin resistance. This was shown via reduced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in response to the small molecule adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, AdipoRon, in presence of IO. This correlated with reduced messenger RNA and protein levels of AdipoR1 and its facilitative signaling binding partner, APPL1. IO caused phosphorylation, nuclear extrusion, and thus inhibition of FOXO1, a known transcription factor regulating AdipoR1 expression. The antioxidant N-acetyl cystine attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by IO, and blunted its effect on FOXO1 phosphorylation and removal from the nucleus, as well as subsequent adiponectin resistance. In conclusion, our study identifies a ROS/FOXO1/AdipoR1 axis as a cause of skeletal muscle adiponectin resistance in response to IO. This new knowledge provides insight into a cellular mechanism with potential relevance to disease pathophysiology in MetS patients with IO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hye K Sung
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Nhat H Lam
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jae B Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sean Gross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Fang J, Ji YX, Zhang P, Cheng L, Chen Y, Chen J, Su Y, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhu X, Zhang XJ, Wei X. Hepatic IRF2BP2 Mitigates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Directly Repressing the Transcription of ATF3. Hepatology 2020; 71:1592-1608. [PMID: 31529495 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has profoundly grown in recent decades, the internal restrictive mechanisms remain largely unknown. We have recently reported that the transcription repressor interferon regulatory factor-2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) is enriched in cardiomyocytes and inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Notably, IRF2BP2 is abundantly expressed in hepatocytes and dramatically down-regulated in steatotic livers, whereas the role of IRF2BP2 in NAFLD is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Herein, using gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in mice, we demonstrated that while hepatocyte-specific Irf2bp2 knockout exacerbated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and inflammation, hepatic Irf2bp2 overexpression protected mice from these metabolic disorders. Moreover, the inhibitory role of IRF2BP2 on hepatosteatosis is conserved in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. Combinational analysis of digital gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing identified activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) to be negatively regulated by IRF2BP2 in NAFLD. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assay substantiated the fact that IRF2BP2 is a bona fide transcription repressor of ATF3 gene expression via binding to its promoter region. Functional studies revealed that ATF3 knockdown significantly relieved IRF2BP2 knockout-exaggerated hepatosteatosis in vitro. CONCLUSION IRF2BP2 is an integrative restrainer in controlling hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation in NAFLD through transcriptionally repressing ATF3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehai Zhu
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Ku HC, Cheng CF. Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32922364 PMCID: PMC7457002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. ATF3 acts as a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network. Multiple extracellular signals, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cytokines, chemokines, and LPS, are connected to ATF3 induction. The function of ATF3 as a regulator of metabolism and immunity has recently sparked intense attention. In this review, we describe how ATF3 can act as both a transcriptional activator and a repressor. We then focus on the role of ATF3 and ATF3-regulated signals in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. The roles of ATF3 in glucose metabolism and adipose tissue regulation are also explored. Next, we summarize how ATF3 regulates immunity and maintains normal host defense. In addition, we elaborate on the roles of ATF3 as a regulator of prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers. Further understanding of how ATF3 regulates signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism, adipocyte metabolism, immuno-responsiveness, and oncogenesis in various cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers, is then provided. Finally, we demonstrate that ATF3 acts as a master regulator of metabolic homeostasis and, therefore, may be an appealing target for the treatment of metabolic dyshomeostasis, immune disorders, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Feng Cheng
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6
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Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Salehi A, Alamouti AA, Abdollahi-Arpanahi R, Salami SA. Deep transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq suggests novel insights into molecular aspects of fat-tail metabolism in sheep. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9203. [PMID: 31235755 PMCID: PMC6591244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-tail content of sheep breeds is varied and the molecular mechanisms regulating fat-tail development have not been well characterized. Aiming at better identifying the important candidate genes and their functional pathways contributing to fat deposition in the tail, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed between fat- (Lori-Bakhtiari) and thin-tailed (Zel) Iranian sheep breeds using RNA-seq. The experiment was conducted on six male lambs (three lambs per each breed) at seven months of age. Four different combinations of aligners and statistical methods including Hisat2 + edgeR, Hisat2 + DESeq2, STAR + edgeR and STAR + DESeq2 were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were selected for functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Module analysis was also conducted to mine the functional sub-networks from the PPI network. In total, 264 genes including 80 up- and 184 down-regulated genes were identified as DEGs. The RNA-Seq results were validated by Q-RT-PCR. Functional analysis of DEGs and the module analysis of PPI network demonstrated that in addition to pathways affecting lipid metabolism, a series of enriched functional terms related to "response to interleukin", "MAPK signaling pathways", "Wnt signaling pathway", "ECM-receptor interaction", "regulation of actin cytoskeleton", and "response to cAMP" might contribute to the deposition of fat in tails of sheep. Overall results using RNA-Seq analysis characterized important candidate genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism and regulation of fat deposition, suggesting novel insights into molecular aspects of fat-tail metabolism in sheep. Selected DEGs should be further investigated as potential markers associated with the fat-tail development in sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolreza Salehi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali A Alamouti
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Kim SW, Suh HW, Yoo BK, Kwon K, Yu K, Choi JY, Kwon OY. Larval hemolymph of rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, enhances insulin secretion through ATF3 gene expression in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. Z NATURFORSCH C 2018; 73:391-396. [PMID: 29787378 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we show that INS-1 pancreatic β-cells treated for 2 h with hemolymph of larvae of rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, secreted about twice as much insulin compared to control cells without such treatment. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was the highest upregulated gene in DNA chip analysis. The A. dichotoma hemolymph dose-dependently induced increased expression levels of genes encoding ATF3 and insulin. Conversely, treatment with ATF3 siRNA inhibited expression levels of both genes and curbed insulin secretion. These results suggest that the A. dichotoma hemolymph has potential for treating and preventing diabetes or diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Suh
- Departments of Medical Science and Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Yoo
- Departments of Medical Science and Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Kisang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Welfare, Kyungwoon University, Gumi 39160, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Applied Entomology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - O-Yu Kwon
- Departments of Medical Science and Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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8
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Rohini M, Haritha Menon A, Selvamurugan N. Role of activating transcription factor 3 and its interacting proteins under physiological and pathological conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:310-317. [PMID: 30144543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-responsive factor that belongs to the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors. ATF3 expression is stimulated by various factors such as hypoxia, cytokines, and chemotherapeutic and DNA damaging agents. Upon stimulation, ATF3 can form homodimers or heterodimers with other members of the AP-1 family to repress or activate transcription. Under physiological conditions, ATF3 expression is transient and plays a pivotal role in controlling the expression of cell-cycle regulators and tumor suppressor, DNA repair, and apoptosis genes. However, under pathological conditions such as those during breast cancer, a sustained and prolonged expression of ATF3 has been observed. In this review, the structure and function of ATF3, its posttranslational modifications (PTM), and its interacting proteins are discussed with a special emphasis on breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Haritha Menon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Hong J, Jia Y, Pan S, Jia L, Li H, Han Z, Cai D, Zhao R. Butyrate alleviates high fat diet-induced obesity through activation of adiponectin-mediated pathway and stimulation of mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle of mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56071-56082. [PMID: 27528227 PMCID: PMC5302897 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of butyrate can prevent diet-induced obesity through increasing mitochondrial function in mice, yet the up-stream signaling pathway remains elusive. In this study, weaned mice were divided into two groups, fed control (CON) and high-fat diet (HF, 45% energy from fat), respectively, for 8 weeks. HF-induced obese mice, maintained on HF diet, were then divided into two groups; HFB group was gavaged with 80 mg sodium butyrate (SB) per mice every other day for 10 days, while the HF group received vehicle. It was shown that five gavage doses of SB significantly alleviated HF diet-induced obesity and restored plasma glucose, insulin and leptin to control levels. Muscle contents of ADP and AMP were significantly increased, which was associated with enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and up-regulated expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes and uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP3 in the skeletal muscle. SB significantly enhanced the expression of adiponectin receptors (adipoR1/2) and AMP kinase (AMPK), while diminished the expression of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Higher H3K9Ac, a gene activation histone mark, was detected on the promoter of Adipor1/2, Ucp2 and Ucp3 genes that were activated in the muscle of SB-treated obese mice. Our results indicate that short-term oral administration of SB can alleviate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice through activation of adiponectin-mediated pathway and stimulation of mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Demin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, P. R. China
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10
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Abstract
Numerous environmental, physiological, and pathological insults disrupt protein-folding homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), referred to as ER stress. Eukaryotic cells evolved a set of intracellular signaling pathways, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), to maintain a productive ER protein-folding environment through reprogramming gene transcription and mRNA translation. The UPR is largely dependent on transcription factors (TFs) that modulate expression of genes involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, including development, metabolism, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Here we summarize the current knowledge about these mechanisms, their impact on physiological/pathological processes, and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Choongchungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92307 USA
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11
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Ariyasu D, Yoshida H, Hasegawa Y. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Endocrine Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020382. [PMID: 28208663 PMCID: PMC5343917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle where secretory and membrane proteins are synthesized and folded. Unfolded proteins that are retained within the ER can cause ER stress. Eukaryotic cells have a defense system called the “unfolded protein response” (UPR), which protects cells from ER stress. Cells undergo apoptosis when ER stress exceeds the capacity of the UPR, which has been revealed to cause human diseases. Although neurodegenerative diseases are well-known ER stress-related diseases, it has been discovered that endocrine diseases are also related to ER stress. In this review, we focus on ER stress-related human endocrine disorders. In addition to diabetes mellitus, which is well characterized, several relatively rare genetic disorders such as familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI), Wolfram syndrome, and isolated growth hormone deficiency type II (IGHD2) are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ariyasu
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Hiderou Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan.
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Abstract
The decrease in adiponectin levels are negatively correlated with chronic subclinical inflammation markers in obesity. The hypertrophic adipocytes cause obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2) expression and differential adiponectin-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses in obese individuals. In addition to decrease in adiponectin concentrations, the decline in AdipoR1/R2 mRNA expression leads to a decrement in adiponectin binding to cell membrane, and this turns into attenuation in the adiponectin effects. Within the receptor complex, adaptor protein-containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1) is the intracellular binding partner of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. The expression levels of APPL1 or APPL2 lead to an altered adiponectin activity. Despite normal or high adiponectin levels, an impaired post receptor signaling due to APPL1/APPL2 may alter adiponectin efficiency and activity. However, APPL2 blocks adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 by competitive inhibition of APPL1. APPL1 is also an important mediator of adiponectin dependent insulin sensitization. In this context, adiponectin resistance is associated with insulin resistance and is thought to be partly due to the down-regulation of the AdipoRs in high-fat diet fed subjects. Actually, adiponectin resistance occurs very rapidly after saturated fatty acid feeding, this metabolic disturbance is not due to a decrease in AdipoR1 protein content. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue-AdipoR2 expression is reduced in obesity, whereas AdipoR1 expression is not changed. Adiponectin resistance together with insulin resistance forms a vicious cycle. The elevated adiponectin levels with adiponectin resistance is a compensatory response in the condition of an unusual discordance between insulin resistance and adiponectin unresponsiveness.Additionally, different mechanisms are involved in vascular adiponectin resistance at different stages of obesity. Nevertheless, diet-induced hyperlipidemia is the leading cause of vascular adiponectin resistance. Leptin/adiponectin imbalance may also be an important marker of the elevated risk of developing abdominal obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Pierard M, Conotte S, Tassin A, Boutry S, Uzureau P, Boudjeltia KZ, Legrand A. Interactions of exercise training and high-fat diet on adiponectin forms and muscle receptors in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:75. [PMID: 27822289 PMCID: PMC5094086 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by systemic disturbances that increase cardiovascular risk. Adiponectin (Ad) exhibits a cardioprotective function because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. In the bloodstream, this adipocytokine circulates on multimers (Admer), among which high molecular weight (HMW) are the most active forms. Because alterations of Ad plasmatic levels, Admer distribution and receptor (AdipoR) expression have been described in murine models and obese patients, strategies that aim to enhance Ad production or its effect on target tissues are the subject of intense investigations. While exercise training is well known to be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk, the contribution of Ad is still controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on Ad production, Admer distribution and AdipoR muscle expression in a murine model of MetS. Methods At 6 weeks of age, mice were submitted to a standard (SF) or high-fat high-sugar (HF) diet for 10 weeks. After 2 weeks, the SF- and HF-fed animals were randomly assigned to a training program (SFT, HFT) or not (SFC, HFC). The trained groups were submitted to sessions of running on a treadmill 5 days a week. Results and conclusions The HF mice presented the key problems associated with MetS (increased caloric intake, body weight, glycemia and fat mass), a change in Admer distribution in favor of the less-active forms and increased AdipoR2 expression in muscle. In contrast, exercise training reversed some of the adverse effects of a HF diet (increased glucose tolerance, better caloric intake control) without any modifications in Ad production and Admer distribution. However, increased AdipoR1 muscle expression was observed in trained mice, but this effect was hampered by HF diet. These data corroborate a recent hypothesis suggesting a functional divergence between AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, with AdipoR1 having the predominant protective action on metabolic function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0138-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélany Pierard
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Conotte
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierrick Uzureau
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, Free University of Brussels, CHU de Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Chang YC, Chiu YF, He CT, Sheu WHH, Lin MW, Seto TB, Assimes T, Jou YS, Su L, Lee WJ, Lee PC, Tsai SH, Chuang LM. Genome-wide linkage analysis and regional fine mapping identified variants in the RYR3 gene as a novel quantitative trait locus for circulating adiponectin in Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5174. [PMID: 27858853 PMCID: PMC5591101 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is adipocyte-secreted cytokine with potent insulin-sensitizing action in peripheral tissues. The heritability of plasma adiponectin is high in Han Chinese population.To identify genetic loci influencing plasma adiponectin levels in Chinese population, we performed a genome-wide linkage scan in 1949 Chinese participants of the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program for Hypertension and Insulin Resistance family study and mapped a quantitative trail locus located on chromosome 15 at 31 cM (logarithm of odds = 3.04) with 1-logarithm of odds support interval at 24 to 34 cM. Within this mapped region, we further genotyped a total of 68 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 12 genes. Association analysis revealed that haplotypes composed of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) gene had strongest association with plasma adiponectin. RYR3 haplotypes were also associated with systolic (P = 0.001) and diastolic (P = 7.1 × 10) blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 1.4 × 10). Furthermore, an inverse relationship between expression of RYR3 and adiponectin was observed in human abdominal adipose tissue. In conclusion, a genome-wide linkage scan and regional association fine-mapping identified variants in the RYR3 gene as a quantitative trail locus for plasma adiponectin levels in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | - Yen-Feng Chiu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan
| | - Chih-Tsueng He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Todd B. Seto
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Non-Invasive Cardiology Laboratory, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | - Lynn Su
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ming-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan
| | - Po-Chu Lee
- Department of General Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Shu-Huei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Lee-Ming Chuang, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Korner G, Scherer T, Adamsen D, Rebuffat A, Crabtree M, Rassi A, Scavelli R, Homma D, Ledermann B, Konrad D, Ichinose H, Wolfrum C, Horsch M, Rathkolb B, Klingenspor M, Beckers J, Wolf E, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Blau N, Rozman J, Thöny B. Mildly compromised tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor biosynthesis due to Pts variants leads to unusual body fat distribution and abdominal obesity in mice. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:309-19. [PMID: 26830550 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, alkylglycerol monooxygenase, and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Inborn errors of BH4 metabolism lead to severe insufficiency of brain monoamine neurotransmitters while augmentation of BH4 by supplementation or stimulation of its biosynthesis is thought to ameliorate endothelial NOS (eNOS) dysfunction, to protect from (cardio-) vascular disease and/or prevent obesity and development of the metabolic syndrome. We have previously reported that homozygous knock-out mice for the 6-pyruvolytetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS; Pts-ko/ko) mice with no BH4 biosynthesis die after birth. Here we generated a Pts-knock-in (Pts-ki) allele expressing the murine PTPS-p.Arg15Cys with low residual activity (15% of wild-type in vitro) and investigated homozygous (Pts-ki/ki) and compound heterozygous (Pts-ki/ko) mutants. All mice showed normal viability and depending on the severity of the Pts alleles exhibited up to 90% reduction of PTPS activity concomitant with neopterin elevation and mild reduction of total biopterin while blood L-phenylalanine and brain monoamine neurotransmitters were unaffected. Yet, adult mutant mice with compromised PTPS activity (i.e., Pts-ki/ko, Pts-ki/ki or Pts-ko/wt) had increased body weight and elevated intra-abdominal fat. Comprehensive phenotyping of Pts-ki/ki mice revealed alterations in energy metabolism with proportionally higher fat content but lower lean mass, and increased blood glucose and cholesterol. Transcriptome analysis indicated changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes associated with obesity, weight loss, hepatic steatosis, and insulin sensitivity were consistent with the observed phenotypic alterations. We conclude that reduced PTPS activity concomitant with mildly compromised BH4-biosynthesis leads to abnormal body fat distribution and abdominal obesity at least in mice. This study associates a novel single gene mutation with monogenic forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Korner
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Scherer
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dea Adamsen
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rebuffat
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Anahita Rassi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Scavelli
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daigo Homma
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- Division of Animal Facility, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Horsch
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL - Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85350, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland.
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Jang MK, Jung MH. ATF3 inhibits PPARγ-stimulated transactivation in adipocyte cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:80-5. [PMID: 25446101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) downregulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARγ) gene expression and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Here, we investigated another role of ATF3 on the regulation of PPARγ activity. ATF3 inhibited PPARγ-stimulated transactivation of PPARγ responsive element (PPRE)-containing reporter or GAL4/PPARγ chimeric reporter. Thus, ATF3 effectively repressed rosiglitazone-stimulated expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), PPARγ target gene, in 3T3-L1 cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assay demonstrated that ATF3 interacted with PPARγ. Accordingly, ATF3 prevented PPARγ from binding to PPRE on the aP2 promoter. Furthermore, ATF3 suppressed p300-mediated transcriptional coactivation of PPRE-containing reporter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that overexpression of ATF3 blocked both binding of PPARγ and recruitment of p300 to PPRE on aP2 promoter induced by rosiglitazone treatment in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ATF3 interacts with PPARγ and represses PPARγ-mediated transactivation through suppression of p300-stimulated coactivation in 3T3-L1 cells, which may play a role in inhibition of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Jang
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, #49 Busandae hak-ro, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 609-735, South Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, #49 Busandae hak-ro, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 609-735, South Korea.
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17
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ATF3 represses PPARγ expression and inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Mao D, Hou X, Talbott H, Cushman R, Cupp A, Davis JS. ATF3 expression in the corpus luteum: possible role in luteal regression. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:2066-79. [PMID: 24196350 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the induction and possible role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in the corpus luteum. Postpubertal cattle were treated at midcycle with prostaglandin F2α(PGF) for 0-4 hours. Luteal tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and isolation of protein and RNA. Ovaries were also collected from midluteal phase and first-trimester pregnant cows. Luteal cells were prepared and sorted by centrifugal elutriation to obtain purified small (SLCs) and large luteal cells (LLCs). Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization showed that ATF3 mRNA increased within 1 hour of PGF treatment in vivo. Western blot and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ATF3 protein was expressed in the nuclei of LLC within 1 hour and was maintained for at least 4 hours. PGF treatment in vitro increased ATF3 expression only in LLC, whereas TNF induced ATF3 in both SLCs and LLCs. PGF stimulated concentration- and time-dependent increases in ATF3 and phosphorylation of MAPKs in LLCs. Combinations of MAPK inhibitors suppressed ATF3 expression in LLCs. Adenoviral-mediated expression of ATF3 inhibited LH-stimulated cAMP response element reporter luciferase activity and progesterone production in LLCs and SLCs but did not alter cell viability or change the expression or activity of key regulators of progesterone synthesis. In conclusion, the action of PGF in LLCs is associated with the rapid activation of stress-activated protein kinases and the induction of ATF3, which may contribute to the reduction in steroid synthesis during luteal regression. ATF3 appears to affect gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone secretion at a step or steps downstream of PKA signaling and before cholesterol conversion to progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Mao
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198.
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Pang TTL, Chimen M, Goble E, Dixon N, Benbow A, Eldershaw SE, Thompson D, Gough SCL, Narendran P. Inhibition of islet immunoreactivity by adiponectin is attenuated in human type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E418-28. [PMID: 23386639 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine with insulin-sensitizing and antiinflammatory properties. These dual actions have not previously been examined in the context of human disease. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to examine the adiponectin axis in type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D is an autoimmune inflammatory disease resulting from pancreatic β-cell destruction, in which insulin resistance associates with progression to disease. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS We measured circulating adiponectin and adiponectin receptor expression on blood-immune cells from 108 matched healthy, T1D, and type 2 diabetic subjects. We tested adiponectin effect on T cell proliferation to islet antigens and antigen-presenting function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs). Lastly, we assessed the effect of a 3-week lifestyle intervention program on immune cell adiponectin receptor expression in 18 healthy subjects. RESULTS Circulating concentrations of adiponectin were not affected by T1D. However, expression of adiponectin receptors on blood monocytes was markedly reduced and inversely associated with insulin resistance. Reduced adiponectin receptor expression resulted in increased T cell proliferation to islet-antigen presented by autologous mDCs. We demonstrated a critical role for adiponectin in down-regulating the costimulatory molecule CD86 on mDCs, and this function was impaired in T1D. We proceeded to show that lifestyle intervention increased adiponectin receptor but reduced CD86 expression on monocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that T cells are released from the antiinflammatory effects of adiponectin in T1D and suggest a mechanism linking insulin resistance and islet immunity. Furthermore, we suggest that interventions that reduce insulin resistance could modulate the inflammatory process in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence T L Pang
- Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Dental and Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Jang MK, Son Y, Jung MH. ATF3 plays a role in adipocyte hypoxia-mediated mitochondria dysfunction in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:421-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pei L, Yang J, Du J, Liu H, Ao N, Zhang Y. Downregulation of chemerin and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by metformin in adipose tissue of rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 97:267-75. [PMID: 22445233 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether metformin regulates chemerin expression in vivo by alleviating ER stress. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat or normal diet for 10 weeks to induce insulin resistance. During the following 6 weeks, the rats were divided into four groups: normal diet without treatment (NC), normal diet with metformin treatment (NM), high-fat diet without metformin (HF), and high-fat diet with metformin (HM). Body weight, fasting glucose, basal insulin level, insulin sensitivity, chemerin expression in serum and adipose tissue, ER stress marker and its pathway were measured. RESULTS After 6 weeks treatment, metformin reduced the body weight gain and enhanced insulin sensitivity of high-fat fed rats. The basal insulin level in the HM group was lower than in the HF group. Metformin reduced chemerin expression in the HM group compared with HF. Metformin reduced the GRP78 mRNA expression in HM rats. Activation of IRE1 alpha was lower in the HM group than the HF group. CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment decreased the chemerin expression and alleviated the ER stress in the visceral adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. These data may also provide a further rationale for exploring the use of metformin in the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Pei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jang MK, Kim CH, Seong JK, Jung MH. ATF3 inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:38-43. [PMID: 22475484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ATF3 is a stress-adaptive gene that regulates proliferation or apoptosis under stress conditions. However, the role of ATF3 is unknown in adipocyte cells. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the functional role of ATF3 in adipocytes. Both lentivirus-mediated overexpression of ATF3 and stably-overexpressed ATF3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, as revealed by decreased lipid staining with oil red staining and reduction in adipogenic genes. Thapsigargin treatment and overexpression of ATF3 decreased C/EBPα transcript and repressed the activity of the 3.6-kb mouse C/EBPα promoter, demonstrating that ATF3 downregulates C/EBPα expression. Transfection studies using mutant constructs containing 5'-deletions in the C/EBPα promoter revealed that a putative ATF/CRE element, GGATGTCA, is located between -1921 and -1914. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that ATF3 directly binds to mouse C/EBPα promoter spanning from -1928 to -1907. Both chemical hypoxia-mimetics or physical hypoxia led to reduce the C/EBPα mRNA and repress the promoter activity of the C/EBPα gene, whereas increase ATF3 mRNA, suggesting that ATF3 may contribute to the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in hypoxia through downregulation of C/EBPα expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ATF3 represses the C/EBPα gene, resulting in inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, and thus plays a role in hypoxia-mediated inhibition of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jang
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, #30 Beom-eo ri, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Koo HJ, Piao Y, Pak YK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs insulin signaling through mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosignals 2012; 20:265-80. [PMID: 22378314 DOI: 10.1159/000333069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress are considered causal factors that induce neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between these stresses remains poorly understood. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria in neurodegeneration, we treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with thapsigargin and tunicamycin, two inducers of ER stress, and atrazine, a promoter of mitochondrial stress. Each pharmacological agent caused mitochondrial dysfunction, which was characterized by reduced intracellular ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and endogenous cellular respiration as well as an augmentation of oxidative stress. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis followed by semiquantitative RT-PCR validation assays revealed that thapsigargin and tunicamycin downregulated the expression of most mitochondria-related genes in a manner similar to that induced by atrazine. In contrast, atrazine did not alter the expression of markers of ER stress. Three-dimensional principal component analysis showed that the gene expression profile produced by atrazine treatment was distinct from that generated by ER stress. However, all three agents impaired insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt phosphorylation in the insulin signaling pathway. Ectopic overexpression of mitochondrial transcription factor A reversed the effects of thapsigargin on mitochondria and Akt signaling. We conclude that ER stress induces neuronal cell death through common perturbation of mitochondrial function and Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Koo
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Cnop M, Foufelle F, Velloso LA. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, obesity and diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2011; 18:59-68. [PMID: 21889406 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, also commonly known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), is an adaptive response used to align ER functional capacity with demand. It is activated in various tissues under conditions related to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Hypothalamic ER stress contributes to inflammation and leptin/insulin resistance. Hepatic ER stress contributes to the development of steatosis and insulin resistance, and components of the UPR regulate liver lipid metabolism. ER stress in enlarged fat tissues induces inflammation and modifies adipokine secretion, and saturated fats cause ER stress in muscle. Finally, prolonged ER stress impairs insulin synthesis and causes pancreatic β cell apoptosis. In this review, we discuss ways in which ER stress operates as a common molecular pathway in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cnop
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-618, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Jang MK, Park HJ, Jung MH. ATF3 represses PDX-1 expression in pancreatic β-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:385-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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