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Yadav P, Makwana S, Bansal S, Soni S, Mahapatra MK, Bandyopadhayaya S, Tailor R, Shrivastava SK, Sharma LK, Mandal CC. Metformin prevents osteoblast-like potential and calcification in lung cancer A549 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23454. [PMID: 37409753 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In spite of recent advances made in understanding its progression, cancer is still a leading cause of death across the nations. Molecular pathophysiology of these cancer cells largely differs depending on cancer types and even within the same tumor. Pathological mineralization/calcification is seen in various tissues including breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Osteoblast-like cells derived after trans-differentiation of mesenchymal cells usually drive calcium deposition in various tissues. This study aims to explore the presence of osteoblast-like potential in lung cancer cells and its prevention. ALP assay, ALP staining, nodule formation, RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, and western blot analysis experiments were carried out in lung cancer A549 cells to achieve said objective. Expressions of various osteoblast markers (e.g., ALP, OPN, RUNX2, and Osterix) along with osteoinducer genes (BMP-2 and BMP-4) were observed in A549 cells. Moreover, ALP activity and ability leading to nodule formation revealed the presence of osteoblast-like potential in lung cancer cells. Here, BMP-2 treatment increased expressions of osteoblast transcription factors such as RUNX2 and Osterix, enhanced ALP activity, and augmented calcification in this cell line. It was also observed that antidiabetic metformin inhibited BMP-2 mediated increase in osteoblast-like potential and calcification in these cancer cells. The current study noted that metformin blocked BMP-2 mediated increase in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells. The above findings for the first time unravel that A549 cells possess osteoblast-like potential which drives lung cancer calcification. Metformin might prevent BMP-2 induced osteoblast-like phenotype of the lung cancer cells with concomitant inhibition of EMT to inhibit lung cancer tissue calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sweta Makwana
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sneha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manas K Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shreetama Bandyopadhayaya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rashmi Tailor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep K Shrivastava
- Centre for Innovation, Research & Development, Dr. B. Lal Clinical Laboratory Pvt Ltd., Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lokendra K Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Yadav P, Bandyopadhayaya S, Soni S, Saini S, Sharma LK, Shrivastava SK, Mandal CC. Simvastatin prevents BMP-2 driven cell migration and invasion by suppressing oncogenic DNMT1 expression in breast cancer cells. Gene 2023; 882:147636. [PMID: 37442305 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Both epigenetic and genetic changes in the cancer genome act simultaneously to promote tumor development and metastasis. Aberrant DNA methylation, a prime epigenetic event, is often observed in various cancer types. The elevated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) enzyme creates DNA hypermethylation at CpG islands to drive oncogenic potential. This study emphasized to decipher the molecular mechanism of endogenous regulation of DNMT1 expression for finding upstream signaling molecules. Cancer database analyses found an upregulated DNMT1 expression in most cancer types including breast cancer. Overexpression of DNMT1 showed an increased cell migration, invasion, and stemness potential whereas 5-azacytidine (DNMT1 inhibitor) and siRNA mediated knockdown of DNMT1 exhibited inhibition of such cancer activities in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Infact, cancer database analyses further found a positive correlation of DNMT1 transcript with both cholesterol pathway regulatory genes and BMP signaling molecules. Experimental observations documented that the cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin decreased DNMT1 transcript as well as protein, whereas BMP-2 treatment increased DNMT1 expression in breast cancer cells. In addition, expression of various key cholesterol regulatory genes was found to be upregulated in response to BMP-2 treatment. Moreover, simvastatin inhibited BMP-2 induced DNMT1 expression in breast cancer cells. Thus, this study for the first time reveals that both BMP-2 signaling and cholesterol pathways could regulate endogenous DNMT1 expression in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shreetama Bandyopadhayaya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sneha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Saini
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokendra K Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Sandeep K Shrivastava
- Centre for Innovation, Research & Development, Dr. B. Lal Clinical Laboratory Pvt Ltd. Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Mueller PR, Kershner AJ, Breitrick BI, Keller KN, Radtke RL, Patel RJ, Gierach K, Arvedson J, Moyle-Heyrman GE, Pearson DA. Vitamin D and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit proliferation of the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR4. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231202565. [PMID: 37728210 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231202565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in women. Improved preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies are needed. Certain dietary patterns and nutrients such as vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced cancer risk, but their effects on ovarian cancer remain to be fully elucidated, and their combined effects have not been explored. AIM To determine the individual and combined effects of the active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol, and the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, on cell growth, and the abundance of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), proteins that modulate cell cycle progression, and apoptotic markers. METHODS OVCAR4 cells, a model of ovarian cancer, were treated with calcitriol, and docosahexaenoic acid, either alone or in combination. Effects on cell growth were determined by the sulforhodamine B assay. Changes in VDR, the cell cycle promotor c-Myc, the cell cycle inhibitor p27 and cleaved PARP, were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS While OVCAR4 cell growth was inhibited by individual treatment with either calcitriol or docosahexaenoic acid, the combined treatment revealed enhanced growth inhibition as compared to either treatment alone. Furthermore, long-term treatment (12 days) yielded stronger growth inhibition at lower concentrations as compared to short-term treatments (3 days). Accompanying this growth inhibition was a decrease in c-Myc, and an increase in p27. CONCLUSIONS The observed reduction in cell growth mediated by calcitriol and docosahexaenoic acid highlights the need for further research utilizing these nutrients, alone and especially in combination, to support ovarian cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Mueller
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexandra J Kershner
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brooke I Breitrick
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katharina N Keller
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca L Radtke
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ruchita J Patel
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kylie Gierach
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jon Arvedson
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Georgette E Moyle-Heyrman
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Debra A Pearson
- Department of Human Biology, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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You M, Xie Z, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Xiao D, Liu S, Zhuang W, Li L, Tao Y. Signaling pathways in cancer metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:196. [PMID: 37164974 PMCID: PMC10172373 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of metabolites (mainly, the three major nutrients and their derivatives) can be sensed by specific sensors, then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and affect the expression levels of genes in epigenetics, which is called metabolite sensing. Life body regulates metabolism, immunity, and inflammation by metabolite sensing, coordinating the pathophysiology of the host to achieve balance with the external environment. Metabolic reprogramming in cancers cause different phenotypic characteristics of cancer cell from normal cell, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, etc. Metabolic disorders in cancer cells further create a microenvironment including many kinds of oncometabolites that are conducive to the growth of cancer, thus forming a vicious circle. At the same time, exogenous metabolites can also affect the biological behavior of tumors. Here, we discuss the metabolite sensing mechanisms of the three major nutrients and their derivatives, as well as their abnormalities in the development of various cancers, and discuss the potential therapeutic targets based on metabolite-sensing signaling pathways to prevent the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu You
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuolin Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
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5
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Foroozani E, Akbari A, Amanat S, Rashidi N, Bastam D, Ataee S, Sharifnia G, Faraouei M, Dianatinasab M, Safdari H. Adherence to a western dietary pattern and risk of invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5859. [PMID: 35393463 PMCID: PMC8989884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of diet in the risk of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, the most common histological subtypes of breast cancer (BC). This is because, the majority of studies on the association of diet and the risk of BC are focused on single food items, and studies considering the overall diet in terms of dietary patterns are limited. Also, the potential heterogeneity in the impact of Western diet (WD) on histological subtypes of BC is not established. This, the age-frequency-matched case–control study included 1009 incident BC cases and 1009 healthy controls. The required data was obtained from the patients’ medical files and interviews using a previously validated researcher-designed questionnaire for collecting data on socio-economic and anthropometric statuses and a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure the participants’ dietary intake. We used multinomial logistic regression, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A positive and significant association was observed between higher adherence to a WD and risk of IDC (OR comparing highest with the lowest tertile: 2.45, 95% CI 1.88, 3.17; p-trend < 0.001), whereas no significant association was observed between adherence to the WD and the risk of ILC (OR comparing highest with the lowest tertile: 1.63, 95% CI 0.63, 3.25) (p for heterogeneity = 0.03). The results of an analysis stratified by menopausal status suggested a similar pattern. We provided evidence that adherence to a WD raises the risk of IDC, but not ILC, suggesting different etiological mechanisms for IDC and ILC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Foroozani
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ali Akbari
- The College of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Sasan Amanat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rashidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Dariush Bastam
- Medical School, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Shima Ataee
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Sharifnia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Faraouei
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hassan Safdari
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
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6
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Rampino A, Annese T, Margari A, Tamma R, Ribatti D. Nutraceuticals and their role in tumor angiogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112859. [PMID: 34637764 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression. Diet may inhibit, retard or reverse these processes affecting angiogenesis (angioprevention). Nutraceuticals, such as omega-3 fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibers, and phenolic compounds, improve health benefits as they are a source of bioactive compounds that, among other effects, can regulate angiogenesis. The literature concerning the pro-angiogenic and/or anti-angiogenic nutraceuticals and the possible activated pathways in cancer and other non-neoplastic diseases by in vivo and in vitro experiments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Margari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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7
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Kumar N, Mandal CC. Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs on Akt Signaling for Prevention of Tumorigenesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:724149. [PMID: 34603386 PMCID: PMC8483559 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.724149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has been reported to be accumulated in cancer cells. The metabolic dysregulation of the cholesterol is associated with tumor development and progression. The cholesterol-lowering drugs have been found to be involved in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, can modulate the role of several downstream proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metabolism, and apoptosis. Since its involvement in several signaling pathways, its dysregulation is commonly reported in several cancers. Thus, targeting Akt could be an effective approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Cholesterol-lowering drugs have been found to affect the expression of Akt, and its activation in the cancer cells and thus have shown anticancer activity in different type of cancers. These drugs act on various signaling pathways such as PTEN/Akt, PI3k/Akt, Akt/NF-κB, Akt/FOXO1, Akt/mTOR, etc., which will be discussed in this article. This review article will discuss the significance of cholesterol in cancer cells, cholesterol-lowering drugs, the role of Akt in cancer cells, and the effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs on Akt in the prevention of therapy resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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8
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Mediterranean Diet Food Components as Possible Adjuvant Therapies to Counteract Breast and Prostate Cancer Progression to Bone Metastasis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091336. [PMID: 34572548 PMCID: PMC8470063 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a serious and often lethal complication of particularly frequent carcinomas, such as breast and prostate cancers, which not only reduces survival but also worsens the patients’ quality of life. Therefore, it is important to find new and/or additional therapeutic possibilities that can counteract the colonization of bone tissue. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is effective in the prevention of cancer and improves cancer patients’ health, thus, here, we considered its impact on bone metastasis. We highlighted some molecular events relevant for the development of a metastatic phenotype in cancer cells and the alterations of physiological bone remodeling, which occur during skeleton colonization. We then considered those natural compounds present in MD foods with a recognized role to inhibit or reverse the metastatic process both in in vivo and in vitro systems, and we reported the identified mechanisms of action. The knowledge of this bioactivity by the dietary components of the MD, together with its wide access to all people, could help not only to maintain healthy status but also to improve the quality of life of patients with bone metastases.
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9
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Ljungblad L, Gleissman H, Hedberg G, Wickström M, Eissler N, Pickova J, Johnsen JI, Tedroff K, Strandvik B, Kogner P. Body surface area-based omega-3 fatty acids supplementation strongly correlates to blood concentrations in children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 169:102285. [PMID: 33964665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested as a complement in cancer treatment, but doses are not established. We performed a dose-finding study in 33 children in remission from cancer. Participants were allocated to a body surface area (BSA) adjusted dose (mg/m2) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (40:60), ranging 233-3448 mg/m2 daily for 90 days. Fatty acid concentration in plasma phospholipids and red blood cells were determined by GC. Supplementation was well tolerated and correlated strongly with blood ω3-fatty acid concentrations and EPA showed the highest increase. Using the ω3-index disregards docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), which increased 30-43% in our study motivating an EDD-index (∑EPA,DPA,DHA). The ratio between arachidonic acid and EPA or DHA showed negative exponential trends. Dose per BSA enabled an individualized omega-3 supplementation decreasing the variation referred to interindividual differences. Based on our results, we suggest a dose of 1500 mg/m2 BSA for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ljungblad
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - H Gleissman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hedberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Eissler
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Pickova
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J I Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Tedroff
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet NEO, Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgrens Childrens Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Doşa MD, Chirumbolo S, Pen JJ. Insights into the Effects of Dietary Omega-6/Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Ratio on Oxidative Metabolic Pathways of Oncological Bone Disease and Global Health. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1672-1682. [PMID: 32338204 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427095331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various nutrients have been designated as antioxidants, with a possible effect on diseases like cancer. This is partly due to their effect on prostaglandins, thereby affecting local pathological metabolic acidosis. This paper aims to summarize the culprit pathophysiological mechanisms involved, with a focus on the bone microenvironment. The omega- 6/omega-3 PUFA ratio is particularly investigated for its antioxidative effects, countering these pathways to fight the disease. This feature is looked at concerning its impact on health in general, with a particular focus on malignant bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Monica Daniela Doşa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joeri J Pen
- Diabetes Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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11
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DHA inhibits Gremlin-1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via ERK suppression in human breast cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222308. [PMID: 32141512 PMCID: PMC7087330 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundant in fish oils. It is known to have an inhibitory effect on various diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, and cancer. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that epithelial cells gain migratory property to become mesenchymal cells involved in wound healing, organ fibrosis, and cancer progression. Gremlin-1 (GREM1) is a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist known to play a role in EMT. However, the role of GREM1 in the induction of EMT in human breast cancer cells and the effect of DHA on GREM1-induced EMT remain unclear. Establishment of GREM1 knockdown cell lines was performed using lentiviral shRNAs. Expression of EMT markers was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Effect of GREM1 and/or DHA on cell migration was investigated using wound healing assay. The level of GREM1 expression in human breast cancer tissues was determined by Oncomine database mining. GREM1 induced the expression of genes including N-cadherin, vimentin, and Slug. GREM1 promoted the migration of human breast cancer cells. GREM1 enhanced the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and the ERK activation was involved in EMT. Interestingly, DHA reduced the expression of GREM1. DHA also inhibited the expression of mesenchymal cell-associated genes and cell migration induced by GREM1. Furthermore, DHA suppressed the expression of p-ERK induced by GREM1. These results indicate that GREM1–ERK axis plays a role in EMT in human breast cancer cells and DHA is a putative compound that can inhibit EMT by inhibiting GREM1 signal transduction.
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12
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Shekhawat RS, Mandal CC. Anti-obesity Medications in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Insight. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:476-494. [PMID: 34225630 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210322122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between cancer and obesity is multifactorial and complex with the increased risk of cancer development in obese individuals posing a significant threat. Obesity leads to the upregulation or hyperactivation of several oncogenic pathways in cancer cells, which drives them towards a deleterious phenotype. The cross-talk between cancer and obesity is considered a large contributing factor in the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the resistance to radiotherapy. The link between obesity and the development of cancer is so strong that a medication that demonstrates effectiveness against both conditions would serve as an essential step. In this context, anti-obesity medications provide a worthy list of candidates based on their chemo-preventive potential and chemotherapeutic properties. The current study focuses on exploring the potential of anti-obesity medicines as dual anticancer drugs. These medications target several key signaling pathways (e.g., AMPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, NF-κB, JNK/ERK), which prove to be crucial for both cancer growth and metastases. Some of these drugs also play an important role in attenuating the signaling and cellular events which incite cancer-obesity cross-talk and demonstrate efficient counteraction of neoplastic transformation. Thus, this review highlights a comprehensive view of the potential use of anti-obesity medicines to treat both cancer and obesity for patients exhibiting both comorbities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India
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13
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Aktaş S, Ercetin P, Altun Z, Kantar M, Olgun N. Safety of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Cancer Treatment: Effect on Cancer Cells and Chemotherapy in Vitro. Nutr Cancer 2021; 73:568-571. [PMID: 33678115 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1781201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been used to treat cachectic cancer. However, its efficacy and safety with regard to cancer cells remain unclear. The present study comprised an In Vitro investigation of the effects of EPA on cancers. The effects of 0.01-300 μg/mL of EPA on the proliferation and death of cells after 24, 48, and 72 h were explored. The study included cell lines representing neuroblastoma (Kelly, SH-SY5Y, C1300); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); Burkitt's lymphoma; acute myeloid leukemia (AML); adult cancer cell lines of the pancreas, colon, and prostate; and a fibroblast cell line. EPA caused 4.4%-7% proliferation of fibroblasts, but did not protect them from the toxic effect of cisplatin. It did not induce proliferation in the neuroblastoma cells, and did not reduce the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. EPA also did not cause proliferation in ALL, Burkitt's lymphoma, and AML cells, and did not alter the cytotoxic effects of L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, and cytosine arabinoside, respectively. Our results were similar in the adult cancer cell lines. EPA is safe because it has no effects on the proliferation of cancer cells or on chemotherapy In Vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Aktaş
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ercetin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Altun
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kantar
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Izmir, School of Medicine, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Nur Olgun
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Bandyopadhayaya S, Akimov MG, Verma R, Sharma A, Sharma D, Kundu GC, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV, Mandal CC. N-arachidonoyl dopamine inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through ERK signaling and decreasing the cellular cholesterol. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22693. [PMID: 33393692 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl dopamines (NADAs) are bioactive lipids of the endovanilloid family with known cytotoxicity for the cancer cells; however, the available data on the participation of the endovanilloids in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness are controversial. This study unveils the inhibitory role of N-arachidonoyl dopamine (AA-DA), a typical representative of the NADA family, in breast cancer cell migration, EMT, and stemness. AA-DA treatment also led to a decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis gene expressions, and addition of exogenous cholesterol reverted these AA-DA-mediated inhibitory effects. Notably, AA-DA treatment inhibited the key regulatory gene of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), with concurrent repression of the endoplasmic reticulum kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Furthermore, U0126, an ERK inhibitor, inhibited SREBP1 and decreased cellular cholesterol level, unwinding the molecular mechanism behind AA-DA-mediated anticancer activity. Thus, we, for the first time, revealed that AA-DA counteracts breast cancer EMT via inhibition of ERK signaling and cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreetama Bandyopadhayaya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mikhail G Akimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ranjeet Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Eminence, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Natalia M Gretskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Bezuglov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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15
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Low Levels of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Bone Metastasis Formation in Premenopausal Women with Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123832. [PMID: 33333962 PMCID: PMC7765404 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated various biochemical, clinical, and histological factors associated with bone metastases in a large cohort of pre- and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Two hundred and sixty-one consecutive women with breast cancer were included in this study. Breast adipose tissue specimens were collected during surgery. After having established the fatty acid profile of breast adipose tissue by gas chromatography, we determined whether there were differences associated with the occurrence of bone metastases in these patients. Regarding the clinical and histological criteria, a majority of the patients with bone metastases (around 70%) had tumors with a luminal phenotype and 59% of them showed axillary lymph node involvement. Moreover, we found a negative association between the levels of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in breast adipose tissue and the development of bone metastases in premenopausal women. No significant association was observed in postmenopausal women. In addition to a luminal phenotype and axillary lymph node involvement, low levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in breast adipose tissue may constitute a risk factor that contributes to breast cancer bone metastases formation in premenopausal women.
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West L, Yin Y, Pierce SR, Fang Z, Fan Y, Sun W, Tucker K, Staley A, Zhou C, Bae-Jump V. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, inhibits tumor growth and metastatic potential of ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4450-4463. [PMID: 33415010 PMCID: PMC7783742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as those found in fish oil, are thought to have anti-tumorigenic effects and may help to treat and prevent cancer, including ovarian cancer. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the potential of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 PUFA, as a therapeutic agent in ovarian cancer cell lines and a transgenic mouse model of ovarian cancer. DHA significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and caused apoptosis in Hey and IGROV-1 cells. Pre-treatment with the anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), reversed DHA-induced caspase 3 activity and prevented DHA-reduced cell proliferation. DHA also induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited adhesion and invasion in IGROV-1 and Hey cells. Furthermore, treatment with DHA demonstrated anti-tumorigenic and anti-invasive activity in a K18-gT121 +/-; p53fl/fl; Brca1fl/fl mouse model of ovarian cancer including downregulation of Ki67 and VEGF expression. The data provide a preclinical rationale for applying DHA for dietary intervention and therapeutic adjunct in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay West
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stuart R Pierce
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Yali Fan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Tucker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison Staley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
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Guo CH, Hsia S, Chung CH, Lin YC, Shih MY, Chen PC, Peng CL, Henning SM, Hsu GSW, Li Z. Nutritional supplements in combination with chemotherapy or targeted therapy reduces tumor progression in mice bearing triple-negative breast cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 87:108504. [PMID: 32956826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential anti-cancer properties of selenium (Se) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been documented. However, few studies have been conducted examining anti-tumor effects of nutritional supplements (NS) containing Se and EPA/DHA in combination with anti-cancer agents, such as taxol (Tax), adriamycin (Adr), and avastin (Ava). Compared with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-bearing positive control (TB) mice, a low dose of Tax, Adr, and Ava decreased tumor size and the incidence of metastasis in TB-Tax, TB-Adr, and TB-Ava groups. Combination treatment with anti-cancer agent and NS (2.7 μg Se and 5.1 mg EPA/3.7 mg DHA/g) induced additional decreases in TB-Tax-NS, TB-Adr-NS, and TB-Ava-NS groups. Th1-associated cytokines were increased, and Th2-type cytokines were decreased significantly in TB mice with combination treatment than that of anti-cancer agent treatment alone. Combination treatment with anti-cancer agents and NS has also been shown to further increased tumor malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lowered hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, angiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and CD31) and metastatic potential, as well as reduced heat shock proteins, receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, and surface markers of cancer stem cells, and increased apoptotic proteins. For immune checkpoint molecules, combination treatment was associated with a greater decrease in programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in both tumors and mammary glands, but PD-1 level in primary tumors was increased. Our results suggest that combination treatment with low-dose anti-cancer agents (Tax, Adr, and Ava) and oral supplementation of Se/ EPA/DHA significantly decreased tumor growth and metastatic progression in TNBC mice through multiple anti-tumor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Guo
- Micronutrition and Biomedical Nutrition Lab, Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
| | - Simon Hsia
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yi Shih
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lin Peng
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Susanne M Henning
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Guoo-Shyng W Hsu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Zhaoping Li
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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18
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Mandal CC. Osteolytic metastasis in breast cancer: effective prevention strategies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:797-811. [PMID: 32772585 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1807950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women throughout the world. Patients who are diagnosed early generally have better prognosis and survivability. Indeed, advanced stage breast cancer often develops osteolytic metastases, leading to bone destruction. Although there are select drugs available to treat bone metastatic disease, these drugs have shown limited success. AREA COVERED This paper emphasizes updated mechanisms of bone remodeling and osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer. This article also aims to explore the potential of novel natural and synthetic therapeutics in the effective prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolysis and osteolytic metastases of breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Targeting TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways, along with osteoclast activity, appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy in the prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone destruction and metastatic growth at bone metastatic niches. Pilot studies in animal models suggest various natural and synthetic compounds and monoclonal antibodies as putative therapeutics in the prevention of breast cancer stimulated osteolytic activity. However, comprehensive pre-clinical studies demonstrating the PK/PD and in-depth understanding of molecular mechanism(s) by which these potential molecules exhibit anti-tumor growth and anti-osteolytic activity are still required to develop effective therapies against breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer, India
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19
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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20
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Khadge S, Sharp JG, Thiele GM, McGuire TR, Talmadge JE. Fatty Acid Mediators in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:125-153. [PMID: 32578175 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer frequently overexpress inflammatory cytokines with an associated neutrophilia both of which may be downregulated by diets with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA). The anti-inflammatory activity of dietary ω-3 PUFA has been suggested to have anticancer properties and to improve survival of cancer patients. Currently, the majority of dietary research efforts do not differentiate between obesity and dietary fatty acid consumption as mediators of inflammatory cell expansion and tumor microenvironmental infiltration, initiation, and progression. In this chapter, we discuss the relationships between dietary lipids, inflammation, neoplasia and strategies to regulate these relationships. We posit that dietary composition, notably the ratio of ω-3 vs. ω-6 PUFA, regulates tumor initiation and progression and the frequency and sites of metastasis that, together, impact overall survival (OS). We focus on three broad topics: first, the role of dietary lipids in chronic inflammation and tumor initiation, progression, and regression; second, lipid mediators linking inflammation and cancer; and third, dietary lipid regulation of murine and human tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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21
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Sharma T, Mandal CC. Omega-3 fatty acids in pathological calcification and bone health. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13333. [PMID: 32548903 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs) such as Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), are active ingredient of fish oil, which have larger health benefits against various diseases including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancers and bone diseases. Substantial studies documented a preventive role of omega-3 fatty acids in pathological calcification like vascular calcification and microcalcification in cancer tissues. In parallel, these fatty acids improve bone quality probably by preventing bone decay and augmenting bone mineralization. This study also addresses that the functions of ω-3FAs not only depend on tissue types, but also work through different molecular mechanisms for preventing pathological calcification in various tissues and improving bone health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Practical applications of the current study are to improve the knowledge about the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids. This study infers that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids aids in bone preservation in elder females at the risk of osteoporosis and also, on the contrary, omega-3 fatty acids interfere with pathological calcification of vascular cells and cancer cells. Omega-3 supplementation should be given to the cardiac patients because of its cardio protective role. In line with this, omega-3 supplementation should be included with chemotherapy for cancer patients as it can prevent osteoblastic potential of breast cancer patients, responsible for pathological mineralization, and blocks off target toxicities. Administration of omega-3 fatty acid with chemotherapy will not only improve survival of cancer patients, but also improve the bone quality. Thus, this study allows a better understanding on omega-3 fatty acids in combating pathological complications such as osteoporosis, vascular calcification, and breast microcalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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22
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Saxena N, Chandra NC. Cholesterol: A Prelate in Cell Nucleus and its Serendipity. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:692-707. [PMID: 32282300 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200413112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a chameleon bio-molecule in cellular multiplex. It acts as a prelate in almost every cellular compartment with its site specific characteristics viz. regulation of structural veracity and scaffold fluidity of bio-membranes, insulation of electrical transmission in nerves, controlling of genes by making steroid endocrines, acting as precursors of metabolic regulators and many more with its emerging prophecy in the cell nucleus to drive new cell formation. Besides the crucial legacy in cellular functionality, cholesterol is ostracized as a member of LDL particle, which has been proved responsible to clog blood vessels. LDL particles get deposited in the blood vessels because of their poor clearance owing to the non-functioning LDL receptor on the vessel wall and surrounding tissues. Blocking of blood vessel promotes heart attack and stroke. On the other hand, cholesterol has been targeted as pro-cancerous molecule. At this phase again cholesterol is biphasic. Although cholesterol is essential to construct nuclear membrane and its lipid-rafts; in cancer tumour cells, cholesterol is not under the control of intracellular feedback regulation and gets accumulated within cell nucleus by crossing nuclear membrane and promoting cell proliferation. In precancerous stage, the immune cells also die because of the lack of requisite concentration of intracellular and intranuclear cholesterol pool. The existence of cholesterol within the cell nucleus has been found in the nuclear membrane, epichromosomal location and nucleoplasm. The existence of cholesterol in the microdomain of nuclear raft has been reported to be linked with gene transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Hydrolysis of cholesterol esters in chromosomal domain is linked with new cell generation. Apparently, Cholesterol is now a prelate in cell nucleus too ------ A serendipity in cellular haven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, KDMCH & Research Center, Akbarpur, Mathura - 281406, India
| | - Nimai Chand Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Phulwarisharif, Patna - 801507, India
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23
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Bao M, Zhang K, Wei Y, Hua W, Gao Y, Li X, Ye L. Therapeutic potentials and modulatory mechanisms of fatty acids in bone. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12735. [PMID: 31797479 PMCID: PMC7046483 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that includes bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the predominant cell types associated with bone metabolism, which is facilitated by other cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), osteocytes and chondrocytes. As an important component in our daily diet, fatty acids are mainly categorized as long‐chain fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs), saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), medium‐/short‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs/SCFAs) as well as their metabolites. Fatty acids are closely associated with bone metabolism and associated bone disorders. In this review, we summarized the important roles and potential therapeutic implications of fatty acids in multiple bone disorders, reviewed the diverse range of critical effects displayed by fatty acids on bone metabolism, and elucidated their modulatory roles and mechanisms on specific bone cell types. The evidence supporting close implications of fatty acids in bone metabolism and disorders suggests fatty acids as potential therapeutic and nutritional agents for the treatment and prevention of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyini Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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A Diet Rich in Fish Oil and Leucine Ameliorates Hypercalcemia in Tumour-Induced Cachectic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204978. [PMID: 31600911 PMCID: PMC6829241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary supplementation with leucine and fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has previously been shown to reduce cachexia-related outcomes in C26 tumour-bearing mice. To further explore associated processes and mechanisms we investigated changes in plasma Ca2+ levels, the involvement of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), and its possible interactions with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Methods: CD2F1 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with C26 adenocarcinoma cells or sham treated and divided in: (1) controls, (2) tumour-bearing controls, and (3) tumour-bearing receiving experimental diets. After 20 days, body and organ masses and total plasma Ca2+ levels were determined. Furthermore, effects of DHA, EPA and leucine on production of PTHrP were studied in cultured C26 cells. Results: The combination of leucine and fish oil reduced tumour-associated hypercalcemia. Plasma Ca2+ levels negatively correlated with carcass mass and multiple organ masses. DHA was able to reduce PTHrP production by C26 cells in vitro. Results indicate that this effect occurred independently of COX-2 inhibition. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cancer-related hypercalcemia may be ameliorated by a nutritional intervention rich in leucine and fish oil. The effect of fish oil possibly relates to a DHA-induced reduction of PTHrP excretion by the tumour.
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Sharma T, Sharma A, Maheshwari R, Pachori G, Kumari P, Mandal CC. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Inhibits Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) Elevated Osteoblast Potential of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells in Mammary Microcalcification. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:873-883. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1651879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rekha Maheshwari
- Department of General Surgery, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, India
| | - Geeta Pachori
- Department of Pathology, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Neelam DK, Agrawal A, Tomer AK, Bandyopadhayaya S, Sharma A, Jagannadham MV, Mandal CC, Dadheech PK. A Piscibacillus sp. Isolated from A Soda Lake Exhibits Anticancer Activity Against Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020034. [PMID: 30691094 PMCID: PMC6406920 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms thrive in extreme environments and are known for synthesizing valuable metabolites. Salt-loving microorganisms can flourish in saline environments which inhibit the growth of other microbial life, and they possess the potential to produce stable and novel biomolecules for the use in biotechnological applications, including anticancer compounds. Sambhar Lake is the largest inland soda lake in India and is an appropriate habitat for halophilic bacterial and archaeal strains in terms of diversity and potential production of bioactive compounds. In the present study, a moderately halo-alkaliphilic bacterial strain C12A1 was isolated from Sambhar Lake, located in Rajasthan, India. C12A1 was gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped, formed oval endospores, produced carotenoids, and exhibited optimal growth at 37 °C in 10–15% NaCl (pH 8). C12A1 was found to be able to hydrolyze skimmed milk, gelatin, and Tween 80 but unable to hydrolyze starch and carboxymethylcellulose. C12A1 showed 98.87% and 98.50% identity in 16S rRNA gene sequence to P. halophilus and P. salipiscarius, respectively. Nevertheless, C12A1 was clustered within the clade consisting of P. salipiscarius strains, but it showed a distinct lineage. Thus, C12A1 was designated as Piscibacillus sp. Cell proliferation assay results showed that C12A1 broth extract (BEP) decreased cell viability in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, which was confirmed by the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Induction of cell toxicity was visualized by microscopy. Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that BEP inhibited the expression of proliferative B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) and cell cycle marker Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) at transcript levels. Similarly, cell migration and colony formation along with mesenchymal marker vimentin and stem cell marker BMI transcripts were found to be inhibited when cells were treated with the BEP. The anti-breast cancer potential of C12A1 indicates that microorganisms inhabiting saline-alkaline habitats, with Piscibacillus sp. in particular, are a promising source for discovery of novel bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Kumar Neelam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri 305817, Ajmer, India.
| | - Akhil Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri 305817, Ajmer, India.
| | - Anuj Kumar Tomer
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri 305817, Ajmer, India.
| | - Shreetama Bandyopadhayaya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri 305817, Ajmer, India.
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri 305817, Ajmer, India.
| | | | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri 305817, Ajmer, India.
| | - Pawan K Dadheech
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri 305817, Ajmer, India.
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Metformin exhibited anticancer activity by lowering cellular cholesterol content in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209435. [PMID: 30625181 PMCID: PMC6326520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug, shows anticancer activity in various cancer types. Few studies documented that there was a decreased level of LDL and total cholesterol in blood serum of metformin users. Based on these views, this study aimed to determine if metformin exhibits anticancer activity by alleviating cholesterol level in cancer cells. The present study found that treatment of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with metformin significantly decreased cholesterol content with concomitant inhibition of various cholesterol regulatory genes (e.g., HMGCoR, LDLR and SREBP1). Metformin decreased cell viability, migration and stemness in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. Similarly, metformin treatment suppressed expressions of anti-apoptotic genes BCL2 and Bcl-xL, and mesenchymal genes vimentin, N-cadherin, Zeb1 and Zeb2 with simultaneous enhancement of apoptotic caspase 3 and Bax, and epithelial genes E-cadherin and keratin 19 expressions, confirming an inhibitory effect of metformin in tumorigenesis. Similar to metformin, depletion of cholesterol by methyl beta cyclodextrin (MBCD) diminished cell viability, migration, EMT and stemness in breast cancer cells. Moreover, metformin-inhibited cell viability, migration, colony and sphere formations were reversed back by cholesterol treatment. Similarly, cholesterol treatment inverted metformin-reduced several gene expressions (e.g., Bcl-xL, BCL2, Zeb1, vimentin, and BMI-1). Additionally, zymography data demonstrated that cholesterol upregulated metformin-suppressed MMP activity. These findings suggested that metformin revealed anticancer activity by lowering of cholesterol content in breast cancer cells. Thus, this study, for the first time, unravelled this additional mechanism of metformin-mediated anticancer activity.
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28
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Ruan M, Liu J, Ren X, Li C, Zhao AZ, Li L, Yang H, Dai Y, Wang Y. Whole transcriptome sequencing analyses of DHA treated glioblastoma cells. J Neurol Sci 2018; 396:247-253. [PMID: 30529802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a typical malignant tumor, and there are no effective drugs capable of improving patient survival. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a nutrient essential to animal health and neurodevelopment, exerts an anticancer effect in several types of cancer. However, the function of DHA in GBM is still unclear. Here, we showed that DHA could repress the migration and invasion of GBM U251 cells and promote their apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that DHA has an anticancer effect on GBM cells. Whole-transcriptome analysis indicated that DHA treatment mainly regulates the genes associated with receptor binding, oxidoreductase activity, organic acid transmembrane transporter activity, and carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) involved in the regulation network of DHA were also identified, and their targets were assigned to the Gene Ontology (GO) categories. In silico analysis was conducted to predict the pathways related to the differentially expressed genes by DHA treatment. Our findings suggest that DHA acts as an antitumor agent in GBM, which may provide a suitable means of improving the efficacy of GBM treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510643, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Torres-Adorno AM, Vitrac H, Qi Y, Tan L, Levental KR, Fan YY, Yang P, Chapkin RS, Eckhardt BL, Ueno NT. Eicosapentaenoic acid in combination with EPHA2 inhibition shows efficacy in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer by disrupting cellular cholesterol efflux. Oncogene 2018; 38:2135-2150. [PMID: 30459358 PMCID: PMC6430703 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, currently lacks effective targeted therapy options. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid and constituent of fish oil, is a common supplement with anti-inflammatory properties. Although it is not a mainstream treatment, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that EPA exerts anti-tumor activity in breast cancer. However, against solid tumors, EPA as a monotherapy is clinically ineffective; thus, we sought to develop a novel targeted drug combination to bolster its therapeutic action against TNBC. Using a high-throughput functional siRNA screen, we identified Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), an oncogenic cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase, as a therapeutic target that sensitizes TNBC cells to EPA. EPHA2 expression was uniquely elevated in TNBC cell lines and patient tumors. In independent functional expression studies in TNBC models, EPHA2 gene-silencing combined with EPA significantly reduced cell growth and enhanced apoptosis compared with monotherapies, both in vitro and in vivo. EPHA2 specific inhibitors similarly enhanced the therapeutic action of EPA. Finally, we identified that therapy-mediated apoptosis was attributed to a lethal increase in cancer cell membrane polarity due to ABCA1 inhibition and subsequent dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis. This study provides new molecular and pre-clinical evidence to support a clinical evaluation of EPA combined with EPHA2 inhibition in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie M Torres-Adorno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Vitrac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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30
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Immune regulation and anti-cancer activity by lipid inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:580-592. [PMID: 30447537 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent and clinical studies have documented that myeloid cell infiltration of tumors is associated with poor outcomes, neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia. This contrasts with increased lymphocyte infiltration of tumors, which is correlated with improved outcomes. Lifestyle parameters, such as obesity and diets with high levels of saturated fat and/or omega (ω)-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), can influence these inflammatory parameters, including an increase in extramedullary myelopoiesis (EMM). While tumor secretion of growth factors (GFs) and chemokines regulate tumor-immune-cell crosstalk, lifestyle choices also contribute to inflammation, abnormal pathology and leukocyte infiltration of tumors. A relationship between obesity and high-fat diets (notably saturated fats in Western diets) and inflammation, tumor incidence, metastasis and poor outcomes is generally accepted. However, the mechanisms of dietary promotion of an inflammatory microenvironment and targeted drugs to inhibit the clinical sequelae are poorly understood. Thus, modifications of obesity and dietary fat may provide preventative or therapeutic approaches to control tumor-associated inflammation and disease progression. Currently, the majority of basic and clinical research does not differentiate between obesity and fatty acid consumption as mediators of inflammatory and neoplastic processes. In this review, we discuss the relationships between dietary PUFAs, inflammation and neoplasia and experimental strategies to improve our understanding of these relationships. We conclude that dietary composition, notably the ratio of ω-3 vs ω-6 PUFA regulates tumor growth and the frequency and sites of metastasis that together, impact overall survival (OS) in mice.
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31
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Postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer: The biochemical links and beneficial effects of functional foods. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:571-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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32
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Khadge S, Thiele GM, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Klassen LW, Black PN, DiRusso CC, Cook L, Talmadge JE. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease mammary tumor growth, multiorgan metastasis and enhance survival. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:797-818. [PMID: 30327985 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a reduced risk of breast cancer (BC) in women consuming high levels of long-chain (LC) omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) compared with women who consumed low levels. However, the regulatory and mechanistic roles of dietary ω-6 and LC-ω-3 FAs on tumor progression, metastasis and survival are poorly understood. Female BALB/c mice (10-week old) were pair-fed with a diet containing ω-3 or an isocaloric, isolipidic ω-6 diet for 16 weeks prior to the orthotopic implantation of 4T1 mammary tumor cells. Major outcomes studied included: mammary tumor growth, survival analysis, and metastases analyses in multiple organs including pulmonary, hepatic, bone, cardiac, renal, ovarian, and contralateral MG (CMG). The dietary regulation of the tumor microenvironment was evaluated in mice autopsied on day-35 post tumor injection. In mice fed the ω-3 containing diet, there was a significant delay in tumor initiation and prolonged survival relative to the ω-6 diet-fed group. The tumor size on day 35 post tumor injection in the ω-3 group was 50% smaller and the frequencies of pulmonary and bone metastases were significantly lower relative to the ω-6 group. Similarly, the incidence/frequencies and/or size of cardiac, renal, ovarian metastases were significantly lower in mice fed the ω-3 diet. The analyses of the tumor microenvironment showed that tumors in the ω-3 group had significantly lower numbers of proliferating tumor cells (Ki67+)/high power field (HPF), and higher numbers of apoptotic tumor cells (TUNEL+)/HPF, lower neo-vascularization (CD31+ vessels/HPF), infiltration by neutrophil elastase+ cells, and macrophages (F4/80+) relative to the tumors from the ω-6 group. Further, in tumors from the ω-3 diet-fed mice, T-cell infiltration was 102% higher resulting in a neutrophil to T-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) that was 76% lower (p < 0.05). Direct correlations were observed between NLR with tumor size and T-cell infiltration with the number of apoptotic tumor cells. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that tumor IL10 mRNA levels were significantly higher (six-fold) in the tumors from mice fed the ω-3 diet and inversely correlated with the tumor size. Our data suggest that dietary LC-ω-3FAs modulates the mammary tumor microenvironment slowing tumor growth, and reducing metastases to both common and less preferential organs resulting in prolonged survival. The surrogate analyses undertaken support a mechanism of action by dietary LC-ω-3FAs that includes, but is not limited to decreased infiltration by myeloid cells (neutrophils and macrophages), an increase in CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration and IL10 associated anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Leah Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.
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Maqsudur Rashid A, Ramalingam L, Al-Jawadi A, Moustaid-Moussa N, Moussa H. Low dose radiation, inflammation, cancer and chemoprevention. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:506-515. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1484194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Al Maqsudur Rashid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Zanoaga O, Jurj A, Raduly L, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Fuentes-Mattei E, Wu O, Braicu C, Gherman CD, Berindan-Neagoe I. Implications of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1167-1176. [PMID: 29434704 PMCID: PMC5776638 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents one of the most common forms of cancer in women worldwide, with an increase in the number of newly diagnosed patients in the last decade. The role of fatty acids, particularly of a diet rich in ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in breast cancer development is not fully understood and remains controversial due to their complex mechanism of action. However, a large number of animal models and cell culture studies have demonstrated that high levels of ω-3 PUFAs have an inhibitory role in the development and progression of breast cancer, compared to ω-6 PUFAs. The present review focused on recent studies regarding the correlation between dietary PUFAs and breast cancer development, and aimed to emphasize the main molecular mechanisms involved in the modification of cell membrane structure and function, modulation of signal transduction pathways, gene expression regulation, and antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. Furthermore, the anticancer role of ω-3 PUFAs through the modulation of microRNA expression levels was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Physiopathology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oscar Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Tech University Honors College, McClellan Hall, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Diana Gherman
- Surgical Clinic II Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgery, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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35
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Invasion and Metastasis of Human Ovarian Cancer via Multiple Molecular Pathways. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 26:994-1003. [PMID: 27258728 PMCID: PMC4920273 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells (A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3). METHODS Cytotoxicity assay was performed to determine the optimal doses of DHA in this experiment. The effects of DHA on invasion ability were assessed by invasion assay. The expressions of messenger RNA and/or proteins associated with invasion or metastasis were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction or Western blot. The effect of DHA on cell metastasis was assessed in xenograft model of zebrafish. RESULTS Docosahexaenoic acid and α-linolenic acid could reduce the cell vitalities in dose-dependent manner. However, DHA inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, but α-linolenic acid did not (**P < 0.01). Docosahexaenoic acid could downregulate the expressions of WAVE3, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and MMP-9, and upregulate KISS-1, TIMP-1, and PPAR-γ, which negatively correlated with cell invasion and metastasis (*P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid restrained the development of subintestinal vessels and cancer cell metastasis in xenograft model of zebrafish (**P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Docosahexaenoic acid inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that DHA is a promising candidate for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Teoh ST, Lunt SY. Metabolism in cancer metastasis: bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and beyond. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
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Chowdhury K, Sharma A, Kumar S, Gunjan GK, Nag A, Mandal CC. Colocynth Extracts Prevent Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:593. [PMID: 28928657 PMCID: PMC5591978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern treatment strategies provide better overall survival in cancer patients, primarily by controlling tumor growth. However, off-target and systemic toxicity, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapy are still inadvertent hurdles in current treatment regimens. Similarly, metastasis is another deadly threat to patients suffering from cancer. This has created an urgent demand to come up with new drugs having anti-metastatic potential and minimum side effects. Thus, this study was aimed at exploring the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic potential of colocynth medicinal plant. Results from MTT assay, morphological visualization of cells and scratch assay indicated a role of ethanol and acetone extracts of fruit pulp of the colocynth plant in inhibiting cell viability, enhancing cell cytotoxicity and preventing cell migration in various cancer cell types, including breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and cervical cancer cell line SiHa, subsequently having a low cytotoxic effect on mononuclear PBMC and macrophage J774A cells. Our study in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells showed that both ethanol and acetone pulp extracts decreased transcript levels of the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2 and BCLXL, and a reverse effect was observed for the pro-apoptotic genes BAX and caspase 3. Additionally, enhanced caspase 3 activity and downregulated BCL2 protein were seen, indicating a role of these extracts in inducing apoptotic activity. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 cells treated with both these extracts demonstrated up-regulation of the epithelial gene keratin 19 and down-regulation of the mesenchymal genes, vimentin, N-cadherin, Zeb1 and Zeb2 compared to control, suggesting a suppressive impact of these extracts in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, these extracts inhibited colony and sphere formation with simultaneous reduction in the transcript level of the stemness associated genes, BMI-1 and CD44. It was also found that both the plant extracts exhibited synergistic potential with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin to inhibit cancer viability. Furthermore, GC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of certain novel compounds in both the extracts that are responsible for the anti-cancer role of the extracts. Overall, the results of this report suggest, for the first time, that colocynth fruit pulp extracts may block the proliferative as well as metastatic activity of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of RajasthanAjmer, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of RajasthanAjmer, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of RajasthanAjmer, India
| | - Gyanesh K Gunjan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of RajasthanAjmer, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of RajasthanAjmer, India
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Fasano E, Serini S, Cittadini A, Calviello G. Long-chain n-3 PUFA against breast and prostate cancer: Which are the appropriate doses for intervention studies in animals and humans? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2245-2262. [PMID: 25897862 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.850060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential antineoplastic effect of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) remains a highly controversial issue. Numerous animal studies have supported the anticancer role of these dietary fatty acids, whereas conflicting results have been obtained in population studies, and only a few intervention human trials have been so far performed. In view of the possibility that the anticancer effects may be maximally observed within a defined range of EPA and DHA doses, herein we critically review the results and doses used in both animal studies and human clinical trials focusing on the possible n-3 PUFA protective effects against breast and prostate cancer. Our main aim is to identify the EPA and/or DHA ranges of doses needed to obtain clear anticancer effects. This may be of great help in designing future animal studies, and also in understanding the most appropriate dose for further human intervention studies. Moreover, since the healthy effects of these fatty acids have been strictly related to their increased incorporation in plasma and tissue lipids, we also examine and discuss the incorporation changes following the administration of the effective anticancer EPA and/or DHA doses in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fasano
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Simona Serini
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Achille Cittadini
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
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Tasaki S, Horiguchi A, Asano T, Ito K, Asano T, Asakura H. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the growth and invasion of renal cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1146-1152. [PMID: 28810571 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has a variety of anti-tumor activities. The present study examined the anti-tumor activity of DHA in renal cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms of action. The effects of DHA on the viability and proliferation of the human renal cancer cell lines Caki-1 and 786-O were examined by an MTS assay and cell counting. In addition, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and Annexin V staining, and modulation of cell mobility and invasiveness was assessed by wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays. Effects of DHA on intracellular signaling pathways were also analyzed by western blotting. It was observed that DHA significantly reduced the viability and proliferation of Caki-1 and 786-O cells (P<0.01). Specifically, there were increases in the sub-G1 and G2/M cell populations, as well as the percentages of cells exhibiting Annexin-positive and propidium-iodide-negative staining. In addition, the covered area in a wound and the number of cells invading through a Matrigel chamber decreased when Caki-1 or 786-O cells were treated with DHA. Phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor was also upregulated following DHA treatment, while phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Akt was downregulated. Collectively, these data suggest that DHA may be useful in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tasaki
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.,Department of Urology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akio Horiguchi
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asakura
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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Khadge S, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Thiele GM, Talmadge JE. Lipid Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Progression and Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1036:145-156. [PMID: 29275470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent and clinical studies have documented that myeloid cell infiltration of tumors is associated with neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia and poor patient outcomes. This contrasts with lymphocyte infiltration of tumors, which is associated with improved outcomes. Lifestyle parameters such as high fat diet s and omega (ω)-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake may influence these inflammatory parameters including extramedullary myelopoiesis that can contribute to a metastatic "niche". While, tumor secretion of growth factors (GFs) and chemokines regulate tumor-immune-cell crosstalk, in this chapter, we also emphasize how lifestyle choices, including, obesity, high-fat and high ω-6 PUFA dietary content, contribute to inflammation and myeloid cell infiltration of tumors. A relationship between obesity and high-fat diets (notably the saturated fats in Western diets) and tumor incidence, metastasis, and poor outcomes is generally accepted. However, the mechanisms of dietary promotion of inflammatory microenvironments and targeted drugs to inhibit the clinical sequel remain an unmet challenge. One approach, modification of dietary intake may have a preventative or therapeutic approach to regulate tumor-associated inflammation and remains an attractive, but little studied intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - John Graham Sharp
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Suppression of NADPH Oxidase Activity May Slow the Expansion of Osteolytic Bone Metastases. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:healthcare4030060. [PMID: 27571113 PMCID: PMC5041061 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), generated in the microenvironment of cancer cells, can drive the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells by activating G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Moreover, in cancer cells that have metastasized to bone, LPA signaling can promote osteolysis by inducing cancer cell production of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, which can stimulate osteoblasts to secrete RANKL, a key promoter of osteoclastogenesis. Indeed, in cancers prone to metastasize to bone, LPA appears to be a major driver of the expansion of osteolytic bone metastases. Activation of NADPH oxidase has been shown to play a mediating role in the signaling pathways by which LPA, as well as RANKL, promote osteolysis. In addition, there is reason to suspect that Nox4 activation is a mediator of the feed-forward mechanism whereby release of TGF-beta from bone matrix by osteolysis promotes expression of PTHrP in cancer cells, and thereby induces further osteolysis. Hence, measures which can down-regulate NADPH oxidase activity may have potential for slowing the expansion of osteolytic bone metastases in cancer patients. Phycocyanin and high-dose statins may have utility in this regard, and could be contemplated as complements to bisphosphonates or denosumab for the prevention and control of osteolytic lesions. Ingestion of omega-3-rich flaxseed or fish oil may also have potential for controlling osteolysis in cancer patients.
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Tasaki S, Horiguchi A, Asano T, Kuroda K, Sato A, Asakuma J, Ito K, Asano T, Asakura H. Preoperative serum docosahexaenoic acid level predicts prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:69-73. [PMID: 27330769 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery and clinical development of targeted agents have expanded treatment options in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, metastatic RCC remains a lethal disease. Complete response is rare and treatment with targeted agents eventually fails in the majority of the patients. Therefore, there is a need for developing a prognostic tool and a novel therapeutic agent for RCC to improve the follow-up strategy after surgical treatment. Clinical data, including patient characteristics, serum fatty acid profile, clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome, were obtained from 112 patients with RCC prior to surgical treatment. Preoperative fatty acid levels were grouped according to patient characteristics, such as performance status, body mass index or pathological parameters, and were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Cancer-specific survival in the high and low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to determine the independent prognostic factors associated with shortened cancer-specific survival. The serum DHA level in patients with metastasis was significantly lower compared with that in patients without metastasis (P=0.047). Low serum DHA level, presence of metastasis and cachexia were independent predictors of shortened cancer-specific survival in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model (P=0.033, hazard ratio = 4.43). Patients with a serum DHA level below the median value exhibited significantly shorter cancer-specific survival compared with those with a higher serum DHA level (P=0.008). Thus, according to our results, the preoperative serum DHA level may be able to predict the surgical outcome of RCC. However, this finding requires validation by large-scale prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tasaki
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; Department of Urology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akio Horiguchi
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Junichi Asakuma
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asakura
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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Hwang SY, Kim TH, Lee HH, Kim HY, Seo J. Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Breast Cancer Cells. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.2015.30.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, many materials as drug are developed having various prominent function in order to treatment of disease or cancer. Among these materials, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), main constituents of omega-3 fatty acid, has a lot of beneficial and natural effects, so it has been known as anticancer material especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is disease taking high occurrence level among feminine diseases. DHA has anticancer effects on breast cancer cell, representatively inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation or metastasis. Main effect of DHA on breast cancer cell is apoptosis inducing, which has mechanism that treated DHA causes lipid peroxidation increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and it activates caspase 8 and caspase 9 so activated caspase occurs apoptosis. Cell lines of breast cancer are MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, T47D and ZR75. Especially this article uses the MCF-7 cell line at experiment of anti-proliferation by DHA, the MDA-MB-231 cell line at experiment of anti-metastasis by DHA, because that cell line has specialized metastasis activity. Therefore, this paper discusses the effects of natural material DHA as drug of breast cancer.
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44
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Fish oil reduces the proliferation of cells cultured from human breast and colorectal tumours: An in vitro study. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Bromoenol Lactone Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143277. [PMID: 26588686 PMCID: PMC4654479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Calcium independent group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are upregulated in many disease states; their involvement with cancer cell migration has been a recent subject for study. Further, the molecular mechanisms mediating nicotine-induced breast cancer cell progression have not been fully investigated. This study aims to investigate whether iPLA2β mediates nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and migration through both in-vitro and in-vivo techniques. Subsequently, the ability of Bromoenol Lactone (BEL) to attenuate the severity of nicotine-induced breast cancer was examined. Method and Results We found that BEL significantly attenuated both basal and nicotine-induced 4T1 breast cancer cell proliferation, via an MTT proliferation assay. Breast cancer cell migration was examined by both a scratch and transwell assay, in which, BEL was found to significantly decrease both basal and nicotine-induced migration. Additionally, nicotine-induced MMP-9 expression was found to be mediated in an iPLA2β dependent manner. These results suggest that iPLA2β plays a critical role in mediating both basal and nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and migration in-vitro. In an in-vivo mouse breast cancer model, BEL treatment was found to significantly reduce both basal (p<0.05) and nicotine-induced tumor growth (p<0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis showed BEL decreased nicotine-induced MMP-9, HIF-1alpha, and CD31 tumor tissue expression. Subsequently, BEL was observed to reduce nicotine-induced lung metastasis. Conclusion The present study indicates that nicotine-induced migration is mediated by MMP-9 production in an iPLA2β dependent manner. Our data suggests that BEL is a possible chemotherapeutic agent as it was found to reduce both nicotine-induced breast cancer tumor growth and lung metastasis.
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Lucius K, Trukova K. Integrative Therapies and Cardiovascular Disease in the Breast Cancer Population: A Review, Part 2. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2015; 14:33-40. [PMID: 26770165 PMCID: PMC4712867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Part 1 of the current review, the cardiotoxicity of standard breast cancer treatment was reviewed. Part 2 presents a comprehensive review of the current evidence for lifestyle factors, including nutrition and exercise. Part 2 describes the results of several dietary interventions in breast cancer survivors. Specific dietary factors that may promote cardiovascular health in this population, including essential fatty acids and plant phytosterols, are also reviewed. In addition, the mechanisms by which exercise may provide a benefit are discussed, and evidence for the important role of attainment and maintenance of a healthy weight is outlined. Finally, recommendations for lifestyle changes in the survivor population are discussed, and opportunities for future research in this population are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khara Lucius
- Khara Lucius, nd, fabno, is a naturopathic doctor in the Department of Naturopathic Medicine; and Kristen Trukova, ms, rd, cso, cnsc, ldn, is lead oncology dietitian in the Nutrition Department. Both are located at the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Midwestern Regional Medical Center, in Zion, Illinois
| | - Kristen Trukova
- Khara Lucius, nd, fabno, is a naturopathic doctor in the Department of Naturopathic Medicine; and Kristen Trukova, ms, rd, cso, cnsc, ldn, is lead oncology dietitian in the Nutrition Department. Both are located at the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Midwestern Regional Medical Center, in Zion, Illinois
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Gu Z, Shan K, Chen H, Chen YQ. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and their Role in Cancer Chemoprevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:283-294. [PMID: 26457243 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs, are essential for human health. Recent research shows n-3 PUFAs and their mediators can inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis and cancer via multiple mechanisms, including reduced release of n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid from cell membranes, inhibition of enzymatic activities, and direct competition with arachidonic acid for enzymatic conversions. In this review, we discuss inflammation-related cancer, anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFA lipid mediators, antineoplastic activities of n-3 PUFA in vitro and in vivo, and present an update on recent human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; The Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kai Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; The Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; The Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; The Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Omega-3 free fatty acids inhibit tamoxifen-induced cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:294-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Blanckaert V, Kerviel V, Lépinay A, Joubert-Durigneux V, Hondermarck H, Chénais B. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits the invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through upregulation of cytokeratin-1. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2649-55. [PMID: 25825023 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main member of the omega-3 essential fatty acid family, has been shown to reduce the invasion of the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. In the present study, a proteomic approach was used to define changes in protein expression induced by DHA. Proteins from crude membrane preparations of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 100 µM DHA were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and differentially expressed proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The main changes observed were the upregulation of Keratin, type Ⅱ cytoskeletal 1 (KRT1), catalase and lamin-A/C. Immunocytochemistry analyses confirmed the increase in KRT1 induced by DHA. Furthermore, in vitro invasion assays showed that siRNA against KRT1 was able to reverse the DHA-induced inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion. In conclusion, KRT1 is involved in the anti-invasive activity of DHA in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blanckaert
- Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA2160), IUML‑FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine, F‑72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Vincent Kerviel
- Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA2160), IUML‑FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine, F‑72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Alexandra Lépinay
- Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA2160), IUML‑FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine, F‑72085 Le Mans, France
| | | | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Benoît Chénais
- Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA2160), IUML‑FR3473 CNRS, Université du Maine, F‑72085 Le Mans, France
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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanisms to mitigate inflammatory paracrine signaling in obesity-associated breast cancer. Nutrients 2014; 6:4760-93. [PMID: 25360510 PMCID: PMC4245562 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of obesity is increasing which subsequently increases the risk of the development of obesity-related chronic diseases. Low-grade chronic inflammation and dysregulated adipose tissue inflammatory mediator/adipokine secretion are well-established in obesity, and these factors increase the risk of developing inflammation-associated cancer. Breast cancer is of particular interest given that increased inflammation within the subcutaneous mammary adipose tissue depot can alter the local tissue inflammatory microenvironment such that it resembles that of obese visceral adipose tissue. Therefore, in obese women with breast cancer, increased inflammatory mediators both locally and systemically can perpetuate inflammation-associated pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby increasing disease severity. Herein, we discuss some of these inflammation-associated pro-carcinogenic mechanisms of the combined obese breast cancer phenotype and offer evidence that dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have utility in mitigating the severity of obesity-associated inflammation and breast cancer.
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