1
|
Zhong G, He Y, Wan F, Wu S, Jiang X, Tang Z, Hu L. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Copper on the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Msr-Related Redox Status in the Kidneys of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4205-4217. [PMID: 33479888 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of long-term exposure on oxidative damage, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, and Msr-related redox status in the kidneys of rats. Therefore, in this experimental study, a total of 32 CD-1 rats were randomized into 4 groups and treated with 30-, 60-, and 120-mg/kg Cu for 24 weeks. Different serum biomarkers suggestive of renal functions, pathological changes, and oxidative stress were analyzed in kidney tissues. Moreover, the levels of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and redox status-related gene mRNA and proteins were also detected. The results indicated that Cu exposure dramatically increased the contents of creatinine and carbamide. Furthermore, histopathological alterations and mitochondrial damage in kidneys of rats of different Cu-treated groups were obviously observed. In addition, Cu exposure markedly changed the levels of glutathione, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity, and upregulated the contents of protein carbonyl, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde. Moreover, higher levels of Cu treatments significantly increased the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and redox status-related genes (NQO1, SOD-1, TRX, MsrA, MsrB1, MsrB2, MsrB3). Simultaneously, the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and CAT were upregulated in rats exposed to 30- and 60-mg/kg Cu, but downregulated in the 120-mg/kg Cu group compared with the control group. Moreover, the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and redox status-related protein expression levels (HO-1, SOD-1, TRX, MsrA, MsrB1, MsrB2) were significantly increased in treated rats. In summary, it is suggested that the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and activation of Msr prevent Cu-induced nephrotoxicity and attenuate oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reiterer M, Bruce L, Milton S. Differential Responses of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases A and B to Anoxia and Oxidative Stress in the Freshwater Turtle Trachemys scripta. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070458. [PMID: 34357352 PMCID: PMC8304764 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been acknowledged as a major factor in aging, senescence and neurodegenerative conditions. Mammalian models are susceptible to these stresses following the restoration of oxygen after anoxia; however, some organisms including the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta can withstand repeated anoxia and reoxygenation without apparent pathology. T. scripta thus provides us with an alternate vertebrate model to investigate physiological mechanisms of neuroprotection. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant methionine sulfoxide reductase system (Msr) in turtle neuronal tissue. We examined brain transcript and protein levels of MsrA and MsrB and examined the potential for the transcription factor FOXO3a to regulate the oxygen-responsive changes in Msr in vitro. We found that Msr mRNA and protein levels are differentially upregulated during anoxia and reoxygenation, and when cells were exposed to chemical oxidative stress. However, while MsrA and MsrB3 levels increased when cell cultures were exposed to chemical oxidative stress, this induction was not enhanced by treatment with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has previously been shown to enhance FOXO3a levels in the turtle. These results suggest that FOXO3a and Msr protect the cells from oxidative stress through different molecular pathways, and that both the Msr pathway and EGCG may be therapeutic targets to treat diseases related to oxidative damage.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Li F, Zhao X, Tan C, Wang B, Chen Y, Cao J, Wu D, Yu H. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A attenuates atherosclerosis via repairing dysfunctional HDL in scavenger receptor class B type I deficient mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:3805-3819. [PMID: 31975555 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902429r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL), a well-known atheroprotective factor, can be converted to proatherogenic particles in chronic inflammation. HDL-targeted therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently under development. This study aims to assess the role of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in abnormal HDL and its related disorders in scavenger receptor class B type I deficient (SR-BI-/- ) mice. First, we demonstrated that MsrA overexpression attenuated ROS level and inflammation in HepG2 cells. For the in vivo study, SR-BI-/- mice were intravenously injected with lentivirus to achieve hepatic MsrA overexpression. High-level hepatic MsrA significantly reduced the plasma free cholesterol contents, improved HDL functional proteins apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI), apoE, paraoxonase1 (PON1), and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), while decreased the pro-inflammatory property of dysfunctional HDL, contributing to reduced atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in Western diet-fed mice. Furthermore, the study revealed that hepatic MsrA altered the expression of several genes controlling HDL biogenesis, cholesterol esterification, cholesterol uptake mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and biliary excretion, as well as suppressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which largely relied on liver X receptor alpha (LXRα)-upregulation. These results provide original evidence that MsrA may be a promising target for the therapy of dysfunctional HDL-related CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenkun Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Binyi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reiterer M, Schmidt-Kastner R, Milton SL. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) dysfunction in human brain disease. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1144-1154. [PMID: 31775527 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1662899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that oxidative stress is strongly associated with aging, senescence and several diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be counteracted by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. One of these antioxidant mechanisms is the widely studied methionine sulfoxide reductase system (Msr). Methionine is one of the most easily oxidized amino acids and Msr can reverse this oxidation and restore protein function, with MsrA and MsrB reducing different stereoisomers. This article focuses on experimental and genetic research performed on Msr and its link to brain diseases. Studies on several model systems as well as genome-wide association studies are compiled to highlight the role of MSRA in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Genetic variation of MSRA may also contribute to the risk of psychosis, personality traits, and metabolic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Reiterer
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Milton
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Oxidized Protein Repair Enzymes Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases and Their Roles in Protecting against Oxidative Stress, in Ageing and in Regulating Protein Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120191. [PMID: 30545068 PMCID: PMC6316033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine and methionine residues are the amino acids most sensitive to oxidation by reactive oxygen species. However, in contrast to other amino acids, certain cysteine and methionine oxidation products can be reduced within proteins by dedicated enzymatic repair systems. Oxidation of cysteine first results in either the formation of a disulfide bridge or a sulfenic acid. Sulfenic acid can be converted to disulfide or sulfenamide or further oxidized to sulfinic acid. Disulfide can be easily reversed by different enzymatic systems such as the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase and the glutaredoxin/glutathione/glutathione reductase systems. Methionine side chains can also be oxidized by reactive oxygen species. Methionine oxidation, by the addition of an extra oxygen atom, leads to the generation of methionine sulfoxide. Enzymatically catalyzed reduction of methionine sulfoxide is achieved by either methionine sulfoxide reductase A or methionine sulfoxide reductase B, also referred as to the methionine sulfoxide reductases system. This oxidized protein repair system is further described in this review article in terms of its discovery and biologically relevant characteristics, and its important physiological roles in protecting against oxidative stress, in ageing and in regulating protein function.
Collapse
|
6
|
Genetic regulation of longevity and age-associated diseases through the methionine sulfoxide reductase system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1756-1762. [PMID: 30481589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes are a protective system against biological oxidative stress in aerobic organisms. Modifications to this antioxidant system have been shown to impact the lifespan of several model system organisms. In humans, methionine oxidation of critical proteins and deficiencies in the methionine sulfoxide reductase system have been linked to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Substrates for methionine sulfoxide reductases have been reviewed multiple times, and are still an active area of discovery. In contrast, less is known about the genetic regulation of methionine sulfoxide reductases. In this review, we discuss studies on the genetic regulation of the methionine sulfoxide reductase system with relevance to longevity and age-related diseases. A better understanding of genetic regulation for methionine sulfoxide reductases may lead to new therapeutic approaches for age-related diseases in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Electrically Stimulated Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes by Resveratrol and Underlying Mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 70:396-404. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
8
|
Regulation of thrombosis and vascular function by protein methionine oxidation. Blood 2015; 125:3851-9. [PMID: 25900980 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-544676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is fundamental to both normal cellular homeostasis and pathological states associated with excessive oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species function not only as signaling molecules but also as redox regulators of protein function. In the vascular system, redox reactions help regulate key physiologic responses such as cell adhesion, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, inflammatory gene expression, and apoptosis. During pathologic states, altered redox balance can cause vascular cell dysfunction and affect the equilibrium between procoagulant and anticoagulant systems, contributing to thrombotic vascular disease. This review focuses on the emerging role of a specific reversible redox reaction, protein methionine oxidation, in vascular disease and thrombosis. A growing number of cardiovascular and hemostatic proteins are recognized to undergo reversible methionine oxidation, in which methionine residues are posttranslationally oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. Protein methionine oxidation can be reversed by the action of stereospecific enzymes known as methionine sulfoxide reductases. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a prototypical methionine redox sensor that responds to changes in the intracellular redox state via reversible oxidation of tandem methionine residues in its regulatory domain. Several other proteins with oxidation-sensitive methionine residues, including apolipoprotein A-I, thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor, may contribute to vascular disease and thrombosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sticozzi C, Cervellati F, Muresan XM, Cervellati C, Valacchi G. Resveratrol prevents cigarette smoke-induced keratinocytes damage. Food Funct 2015; 5:2348-56. [PMID: 25088477 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant polyphenol, resveratrol (Resv, 3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), naturally occurring in a number of fruits and other food products, has been extensively studied over the last two decades for its beneficial properties. Recently, its possible topical use in ameliorating skin conditions has also been proposed; however, its role in preventing cigarette smoke (CS)-induced keratinocyte damage has not been investigated yet. Because of its peculiar location, cutaneous tissue is constantly exposed to several environmental stressors, such as CS. Many compounds presented in CS, have been shown to induce, directly or indirectly, cellular oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation via the production of ROS and lipid peroxidation compounds, among which 4HNE has been shown to be one of the most reactive. In this study, we have shown that resveratrol (at a dose of 10 μM) can decrease CS-induced ROS and carbonyl formation in human keratinocytes. In addition, pre-treatment with resveratrol prevented the induction of TRPA1 expression (mRNA and protein levels), a known receptor involved in cellular differentiation and inflammation, which has been recently shown to be activated by 4HNE. Finally, in keratinocytes, resveratrol could increase the expression of MsrA, enzyme involved in cell defence against oxidative protein damage. The present study further confirms the idea that the topical use of resveratrol can provide a good defence against CS-induced skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sticozzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan H, Wu PF, Zhang L, Hu ZL, Wang W, Guan XL, Luo H, Ni M, Yang JW, Li MX, Chen JG, Wang F. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A negatively controls microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via inhibiting ROS/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways through a catalytic antioxidant function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:832-47. [PMID: 25602783 PMCID: PMC4367238 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative burst is one of the earliest biochemical events in the inflammatory activation of microglia. Here, we investigated the potential role of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), a key antioxidant enzyme, in the control of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. RESULTS MsrA was detected in rat microglia and its expression was upregulated on microglial activation. Silencing of MsrA exacerbated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of microglia and the production of inflammatory markers, indicating that MsrA may function as an endogenous protective mechanism for limiting uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Application of exogenous MsrA by transducing Tat-rMsrA fusion protein into microglia attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammatory events, which was indicated by an increased Iba1 (a specific microglial marker) expression and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and this attenuation was accompanied by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways such as p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). These effects were due to MsrA-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, which may be derived from a catalytic effect of MsrA on the reaction of methionine with ROS. Furthermore, the transduction of Tat-rMsrA fusion protein suppressed the activation of microglia and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in a rat model of neuroinflammation in vivo. INNOVATION This study provides the first direct evidence for the biological significance of MsrA in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Our data provide a profound insight into the role of endogenous antioxidative defense systems such as MsrA in the control of microglial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan City, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Edrey YH, Salmon AB. Revisiting an age-old question regarding oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:368-378. [PMID: 24704971 PMCID: PMC4049226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in maintaining health throughout life can be made through a clear understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that regulate aging. The Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging (OSTA) is probably the most well studied mechanistic theory of aging and suggests that the rate of aging is controlled by accumulation of oxidative damage. To directly test the OSTA, aging has been measured in several lines of mice with genetic alterations in the expression of enzymatic antioxidants. Under its strictest interpretation, these studies do not support the OSTA, as modulation of antioxidant expression does not generally affect mouse life span. However, the incidence of many age-related diseases and pathologies is altered in these models, suggesting that oxidative stress does significantly influence some aspects of the aging process. Further, oxidative stress may affect aging in disparate patterns among tissues or under various environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding aging in antioxidant mutant mice and offer several interpretations of their support of the OSTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael H Edrey
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghesquière B, Gevaert K. Proteomics methods to study methionine oxidation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:147-56. [PMID: 24178673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation and consequent reduction of protein-bound methionine residues is of great interest in understanding different aspects of how oxidative stress affects protein functions and cellular signaling. To date, few technologies are available for the study of methionine sulfoxides. And, especially the absence of highly specific antibodies has impeded the field in understanding the exact role of methionine oxidation on a proteome-wide level. Nonetheless, the different models where the responsible enzymes for repair of the oxidized methionines have been studied show that there is an important role for this modification in a cellular context. We here review different mass spectrometry based and proteomics methods for characterizing in vivo methionine oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Ghesquière
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dun Y, Vargas J, Brot N, Finnemann SC. Independent roles of methionine sulfoxide reductase A in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and as antioxidant in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1340-1351. [PMID: 24120970 PMCID: PMC3859712 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a support tissue for neighboring photoreceptors. MsrA protein levels correlate with sensitivity of RPE in culture to experimental oxidative stress. To investigate whether and how MsrA affects RPE functionality regardless of oxidative stress, we tested the effects of acute silencing or overexpression of MsrA on the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS), a demanding, daily function of the RPE that is essential for vision. Endogenous MsrA localized to mitochondria and cytosol of rat RPE in culture. RPE cells manipulated to express higher or lower levels of MsrA than control cells showed no signs of cell death but increased or decreased, respectively, POS binding as well as engulfment. These effects of altered MsrA protein concentration on phagocytosis were independent of the levels of oxidative stress. However, altering MsrA expression had no effect on phagocytosis when mitochondrial respiration was inhibited. Furthermore, ATP content directly correlated with MsrA protein levels in RPE cells that used mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for ATP synthesis but not in RPE cells that relied on glycolysis alone. Overexpressing MsrA was sufficient to increase specifically the activity of complex IV of the respiratory chain, whereas activity of complex II and mitochondrial content were unaffected. Thus, MsrA probably enhances ATP synthesis by increasing complex IV activity. Such contribution of MsrA to energy metabolism is independent of its function in protection from elevated oxidative stress but contributes to routine but vital photoreceptor support by RPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Jade Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Nathan Brot
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Silvia C Finnemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jo H, Cho YW, Ji SY, Kang GY, Lim CJ. Protective roles of methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase against stresses inSchizosaccharomyces pombe. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:72-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jo
- Department of Biochemistry; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Young-Wook Cho
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Sun-Young Ji
- Department of Biochemistry; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Ga-Young Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dokainish HM, Gauld JW. A Molecular Dynamics and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study of the Catalytic Reductase Mechanism of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A: Formation and Reduction of a Sulfenic Acid. Biochemistry 2013; 52:1814-27. [DOI: 10.1021/bi301168p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M. Dokainish
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - James W. Gauld
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen G, Nan C, Tian J, Jean-Charles P, Li Y, Weissbach H, Huang XP. Protective effects of taurine against oxidative stress in the heart of MsrA knockout mice. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3559-66. [PMID: 22740506 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Taurine has been shown to have potent anti-oxidant properties under various pathophysiological conditions. We reported previously a cellular dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in cardiac myocytes of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) gene knockout mice (MsrA(-/-)). In the present study, we have explored the protective effects of taurine against oxidative stress in the heart of MsrA(-/-) mice with or without taurine treatment. Cardiac cell contractility and Ca(2+) dynamics were measured using cell-based assays and in vivo cardiac function was monitored using high-resolution echocardiography in the tested animals. Our data have shown that MsrA(-/-) mice exhibited a progressive cardiac dysfunction with a significant decrease of ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) at age of 8 months compared to the wild type controls at the same age. However, the dysfunction was corrected in MsrA(-/-) mice treated with taurine supplement in the diet for 5 months. We further investigated the cellular mechanism underlying the protective effect of taurine in the heart. Our data indicated that cardiac myocytes from MsrA(-/-) mice treated with taurine exhibited an improved cell contraction and could tolerate oxidative stress better. Furthermore, taurine treatment reduced significantly the protein oxidation levels in mitochondria of MsrA(-/-) hearts, suggesting an anti-oxidant effect of taurine in cardiac mitochondria. Our study demonstrates that long-term treatment of taurine as a diet supplement is beneficial to a heart that is vulnerable to environmental oxidative stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with various human diseases, and considerable attention has been paid to investigate their physiological effects. Various ROS are synthesized in the mitochondria and accumulate in the cytoplasm if the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism fails. The critical balance of this ROS synthesis and antioxidant defense systems is termed the redox system of the cell. Various cardiovascular diseases have also been affected by redox to different degrees. ROS have been indicated as both detrimental and protective, via different cellular pathways, for cardiac myocyte functions, electrophysiology, and pharmacology. Mostly, the ROS functions depend on the type and amount of ROS synthesized. While the literature clearly indicates ROS effects on cardiac contractility, their effects on cardiac excitability are relatively under appreciated. Cardiac excitability depends on the functions of various cardiac sarcolemal or mitochondrial ion channels carrying various depolarizing or repolarizing currents that also maintain cellular ionic homeostasis. ROS alter the functions of these ion channels to various degrees to determine excitability by affecting the cellular resting potential and the morphology of the cardiac action potential. Thus, redox balance regulates cardiac excitability, and under pathological regulation, may alter action potential propagation to cause arrhythmia. Understanding how redox affects cellular excitability may lead to potential prophylaxis or treatment for various arrhythmias. This review will focus on the studies of redox and cardiac excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin T Aggarwal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhuang C, Liu R, Wei J. MSRApolymorphism is associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese population. Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 42:91-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2012.730626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Kumar V, Calamaras TD, Haeussler D, Colucci WS, Cohen RA, McComb ME, Pimentel D, Bachschmid MM. Cardiovascular redox and ox stress proteomics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1528-59. [PMID: 22607061 PMCID: PMC3448941 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative post-translational modifications (OPTMs) have been demonstrated as contributing to cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These modifications have been identified using antibodies as well as advanced proteomic methods, and the functional importance of each is beginning to be understood using transgenic and gene deletion animal models. Given that OPTMs are involved in cardiovascular pathology, the use of these modifications as biomarkers and predictors of disease has significant therapeutic potential. Adequate understanding of the chemistry of the OPTMs is necessary to determine what may occur in vivo and which modifications would best serve as biomarkers. RECENT ADVANCES By using mass spectrometry, advanced labeling techniques, and antibody identification, OPTMs have become accessible to a larger proportion of the scientific community. Advancements in instrumentation, database search algorithms, and processing speed have allowed MS to fully expand on the proteome of OPTMs. In addition, the role of enzymatically reversible OPTMs has been further clarified in preclinical models. CRITICAL ISSUES The identification of OPTMs suffers from limitations in analytic detection based on the methodology, instrumentation, sample complexity, and bioinformatics. Currently, each type of OPTM requires a specific strategy for identification, and generalized approaches result in an incomplete assessment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Novel types of highly sensitive MS instrumentation that allow for improved separation and detection of modified proteins and peptides have been crucial in the discovery of OPTMs and biomarkers. To further advance the identification of relevant OPTMs in advanced search algorithms, standardized methods for sample processing and depository of MS data will be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu PF, Xie N, Zhang JJ, Guan XL, Zhou J, Long LH, Li YL, Xiong QJ, Zeng JH, Wang F, Chen JG. Resveratrol preconditioning increases methionine sulfoxide reductases A expression and enhances resistance of human neuroblastoma cells to neurotoxins. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:1070-7. [PMID: 23022493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductases A (MsrA) has been postulated to act as a catalytic antioxidant system involved in the protection of oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Recently, attention has turned to MsrA in coupling with the pathology of Parkinson's disease, which is closely related to neurotoxins that cause dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Here, we firstly provided evidence that pretreatment with a natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) up-regulated the expression of MsrA in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. It was also observed that the expression and nuclear translocation of forkhead box group O 3a (FOXO3a), a transcription factor that activates the human MsrA promoter, increased after RSV pretreatment. Nicotinamide , an inhibitor of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), prevented RSV-induced elevation of FOXO3a and MsrA expression, indicating that the effect of RSV was mediated by a SIRT1-dependent pathway. RSV preconditioning increased methionine sulfoxide(MetO)-reducing activity in SH-SY5Y cells and enhanced their resistance to neurotoxins, including chloramine-T and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium. In addition, the enhancement of cell resistance to neurotoxins caused by RSV preconditioning can be largely prevented by MsrA inhibitor dimethyl sulfoxide. Our findings suggest that treatment with polyphenols such as RSV can be used as a potential regulatory strategy for MsrA expression and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu PF, Long LH, Zeng JH, Guan XL, Zhou J, Jin Y, Ni L, Wang F, Chen JG, Xie N. Protection of l-methionine against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in mitochondria. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2729-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
22
|
Gene transcription abnormalities in canine atopic dermatitis and related human eosinophilic allergic diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 149:136-42. [PMID: 22749291 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is clinically similar to human AD, implicating it as a useful model of human eosinophilic allergic disease. To identify cutaneous gene transcription changes in relatively early inflammation of canine AD, microarrays were used to monitor transcription in normal skin (n=13) and in acute lesional AD (ALAD) and nearby visibly nonlesional AD (NLAD) skin (n=13) from dogs. Scanning the putative abnormally transcribed genes, several potentially relevant genes, some abnormally transcribed in both NLAD and ALAD (e.g. IL6, NFAM1, MSRA, and SYK), were observed. Comparison for abnormally transcribed genes common to two related human diseases, human AD and asthmatic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (aCRSwNP), further identified genes or gene sets likely relevant to eosinophilic allergic inflammation. These included: (1) genes associated with alternatively activated monocyte-derived cells, including members of the monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) gene cluster, (2) members of the IL1 family gene cluster, (3) eosinophil-associated seven transmembrane receptor EMR1 and EMR3 genes, (4) interferon-inducible genes, and (5) keratin genes associated with hair and nail formation. Overall, numerous abnormally transcribed genes were observed only in canine AD; however, many others are common to related human eosinophilic allergic diseases and represent therapeutic targets testable in dogs with AD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodriguez KA, Wywial E, Perez VI, Lambert AJ, Edrey YH, Lewis KN, Grimes K, Lindsey ML, Brand MD, Buffenstein R. Walking the oxidative stress tightrope: a perspective from the naked mole-rat, the longest-living rodent. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 17:2290-307. [PMID: 21736541 DOI: 10.2174/138161211797052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), by-products of aerobic metabolism, cause oxidative damage to cells and tissue and not surprisingly many theories have arisen to link ROS-induced oxidative stress to aging and health. While studies clearly link ROS to a plethora of divergent diseases, their role in aging is still debatable. Genetic knock-down manipulations of antioxidants alter the levels of accrued oxidative damage, however, the resultant effect of increased oxidative stress on lifespan are equivocal. Similarly the impact of elevating antioxidant levels through transgenic manipulations yield inconsistent effects on longevity. Furthermore, comparative data from a wide range of endotherms with disparate longevity remain inconclusive. Many long-living species such as birds, bats and mole-rats exhibit high-levels of oxidative damage, evident already at young ages. Clearly, neither the amount of ROS per se nor the sensitivity in neutralizing ROS are as important as whether or not the accrued oxidative stress leads to oxidative-damage-linked age-associated diseases. In this review we examine the literature on ROS, its relation to disease and the lessons gleaned from a comparative approach based upon species with widely divergent responses. We specifically focus on the longest lived rodent, the naked mole-rat, which maintains good health and provides novel insights into the paradox of maintaining both an extended healthspan and lifespan despite high oxidative stress from a young age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr. San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Murphy MP. Mitochondrial thiols in antioxidant protection and redox signaling: distinct roles for glutathionylation and other thiol modifications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:476-95. [PMID: 21954972 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The mitochondrial matrix contains much of the machinery at the heart of metabolism. This compartment is also exposed to a high and continual flux of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and related reactive species. To protect mitochondria from these sources of oxidative damage, there is an integrated set of thiol systems within the matrix comprising the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin/methionine sulfoxide reductase pathways and the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase/glutathione-S-transferase/glutaredoxin pathways that in conjunction with protein thiols prevent much of this oxidative damage. In addition, the changes in the redox state of many components of these mitochondrial thiol systems may transduce and relay redox signals within and through the mitochondrial matrix to modulate the activity of biochemical processes. RECENT ADVANCES Here, mitochondrial thiol systems are reviewed, and areas of uncertainty are pointed out, focusing on recent developments in our understanding of their roles. CRITICAL ISSUES The areas of particular focus are on the multiple, overlapping roles of mitochondrial thiols and on understanding how these thiols contribute to both antioxidant defenses and redox signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent technical progress in the identification and quantification of thiol modifications by redox proteomics means that many of the questions raised about the multiple roles of mitochondrial thiols can now be addressed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao H, Sun J, Deschamps AM, Kim G, Liu C, Murphy E, Levine RL. Myristoylated methionine sulfoxide reductase A protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1513-8. [PMID: 21841012 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00441.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) catalytically scavenges reactive oxygen species and also repairs oxidized methionines in proteins. Increasing MsrA protects cells and organs from a variety of oxidative stresses while decreasing MsrA enhances damage, but the mechanisms of action have not been elucidated. A single gene encodes MsrA of which ∼25% is targeted to the mitochondria, a major site of reactive oxygen species production. The other ∼75% is targeted to the cytosol and is posttranslationally modified by myristoylation. To determine the relative importance of MsrA in each compartment in protecting against ischemia-reperfusion damage, we created a series of transgenic mice overexpressing MsrA targeted to the mitochondria or the cytosol. We used a Langendorff model of ischemia-reperfusion and assayed both the rate pressure product and infarct size following ischemia and reperfusion as measures of injury. While the mitochondrially targeted MsrA was expected to be protective, it was not. Notably, the cytosolic form was protective but only if myristoylated. The nonmyristoylated, cytosolic form offered no protection against injury. We conclude that cytosolic MsrA protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion damage. The requirement for myristoylation suggests that MsrA must interact with a hydrophobic domain to provide protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|