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Alkafaas SS, Khedr SA, ElKafas SS, Hafez W, Loutfy SA, Sakran M, Janković N. Targeting JNK kinase inhibitors via molecular docking: A promising strategy to address tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107776. [PMID: 39276490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Among members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are vital for cellular responses to stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent advances have highlighted their important implications in cancer biology, where dysregulated JNK signalling plays a role in the growth, progression, and metastasis of tumors. The present understanding of JNK kinase and its function in the etiology of cancer is summarized in this review. By modifying a number of downstream targets, such as transcription factors, apoptotic regulators, and cell cycle proteins, JNKs exert diverse effects on cancer cells. Apoptosis avoidance, cell survival, and proliferation are all promoted by abnormal JNK activation in many types of cancer, which leads to tumor growth and resistance to treatment. JNKs also affect the tumour microenvironment by controlling the generation of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, and immune cell activity. However, challenges remain in deciphering the context-specific roles of JNK isoforms and their intricate crosstalk with other signalling pathways within the complex tumor environment. Further research is warranted to delineate the precise mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated tumorigenesis and to develop tailored therapeutic strategies targeting JNK signalling to improve cancer management. The review emphasizes the role of JNK kinases in cancer biology, as well as their potential as pharmaceutical targets for precision oncology therapy and cancer resistance. Also, this review summarizes all the available promising JNK inhibitors that are suggested to promote the responsiveness of cancer cells to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Sohila A Khedr
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31733, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy ElKafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt; Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, 16th St - Khalifa City - SE-4 - Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, The National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, Cairo Governorate 12622, Egypt
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sakran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nenad Janković
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Di Nisio V, Antonouli S, Colafarina S, Zarivi O, Rossi G, Cecconi S, Poma AMG. Repeated Rounds of Gonadotropin Stimulation Induce Imbalance in the Antioxidant Machinery and Activation of Pro-Survival Proteins in Mouse Oviducts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119294. [PMID: 37298244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) through gonadotropin administration has become a common procedure in assisted reproductive technologies. COS's drawback is the formation of an unbalanced hormonal and molecular environment that could alter several cellular mechanisms. On this basis, we detected the presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragmentation, antioxidant enzymes (catalase; superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, SOD-1 and -2; glutathione peroxidase 1, GPx1) and apoptotic (Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bax; cleaved caspases 3 and 7; phosphorylated (p)-heat shock protein 27, p-HSP27) and cell-cycle-related proteins (p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p-p38 MAPK; p-MAPK activated protein kinase 2, p-MAPKAPK2; p-stress-activated protein kinase/Jun amino-terminal kinase, p-SAPK/JNK; p-c-Jun) in the oviducts of unstimulated (Ctr) and repeatedly hyperstimulated (eight rounds, 8R) mice. While all the antioxidant enzymes were overexpressed after 8R of stimulation, mtDNA fragmentation decreased in the 8R group, denoting a present yet controlled imbalance in the antioxidant machinery. Apoptotic proteins were not overexpressed, except for a sharp increase in the inflammatory-related cleaved caspase 7, accompanied by a significant decrease in p-HSP27 content. On the other hand, the number of proteins involved in pro-survival mechanisms, such as p-p38 MAPK, p-SAPK/JNK and p-c-Jun, increased almost 50% in the 8R group. Altogether, the present results demonstrate that repeated stimulations cause the activation of the antioxidant machinery in mouse oviducts; however, this is not sufficient to induce apoptosis, and is efficiently counterbalanced by activation of pro-survival proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevastiani Antonouli
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, PC-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sabrina Colafarina
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Zarivi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianna Rossi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Bica C, Tirpe A, Nutu A, Ciocan C, Chira S, Gurzau ES, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Emerging roles and mechanisms of semaphorins activity in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 318:121499. [PMID: 36775114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are regulatory molecules that are linked to the modulation of several cancer processes, such as angiogenesis, cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, tumor growth, as well as cancer cell survival. Semaphorin (SEMA) activity depends on the cancer histotypes and their particularities. In broad terms, the effects of SEMAs result from their interaction with specific receptors/co-receptors - Plexins, Neuropilins and Integrins - and the subsequent effects upon the downstream effectors (e.g. PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK). The present article serves as an integrative review work, discussing the broad implications of semaphorins in cancer, focusing on cell proliferation/survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, stemness, and chemo-resistance/response whilst highlighting their heterogeneity as a family. Herein, we emphasized that semaphorins are largely implicated in cancer progression, interacting with the tumor microenvironment components. Whilst some SEMAs (e.g. SEMA3A, SEMA3B) function widely as tumor suppressors, others (e.g. SEMA3C) act as pro-tumor semaphorins. The differences observed in terms of the biological structure of SEMAs and the particularities of each cancer histotypes require that each semaphorin be viewed as a unique entity, and its roles must be researched accordingly. A more in-depth and comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms that promote and sustain the malignant behavior of cancer cells is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bica
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Tirpe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Cluj School of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 7 Pandurilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
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Turan S. Osteopetrosis: Gene-based nosology and significance Dysosteosclerosis. Bone 2023; 167:116615. [PMID: 36402365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysosteosclerosis (DSS) refers to skeletal dysplasias that radiographically feature focal appendicular osteosclerosis with variable platyspondyly. Genetic heterogeneity is increasingly reported for the DSS phenotype and now involves mutations of SLC29A3, TNFRSF11A, TCIRG1, LRRK1, and CSF1R. Typical radiological findings are widened radiolucent long bones with thin cortices yet dense irregular metaphyses, flattened vertebral bodies, dense ribs, and multiple fractures. However, the radiographic features of DSS evolve, and the metaphyseal and/or appendicular osteosclerosis variably fades with increasing patient age, likely due to some residual osteoclast function. Fractures are the principal presentation of DSS, and may even occur in infancy with SLC29A3-associated DSS. Cranial base sclerosis can lead to cranial nerve palsies such as optic atrophy, and may be the initial presentation, though not observed with SLC29A3-associated DSS. Gene-specific extra-skeletal features can be the main complication in some forms of DSS such as CSF1R- associated DSS. Further genetic heterogeneity is likely, especially for X-linked recessive DSS and cases currently with an unknown genetic defect. Distinguishing DSS can be challenging due to variable clinical and radiological features and an evolving phenotype. However, defining the DSS phenotype is important for predicting complications, prognosis, and instituting appropriate health surveillance and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Turan
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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You Y, Niu Y, Zhang J, Huang S, Ding P, Sun F, Wang X. U0126: Not only a MAPK kinase inhibitor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927083. [PMID: 36091807 PMCID: PMC9452634 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
U0126, as an inhibitor of the MAPK signaling pathway, is closely related to various biological processes, such as differentiation, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and stress responses. It makes U0126 play an essential role in balancing cellular homeostasis. Although U0126 has been suggested to inhibit various cancers, its complete mechanisms have not been clarified in cancers. This review summarized the most recent and relevant research on the many applications of U0126 and described its role and mechanisms in different cancer cell types. Moreover, some acknowledged functions of U0126 researched in the laboratory were listed in our review. We discussed the probability of using U0126 to restain cancers or suppress the MAPK pathway as a novel way of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengbing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao X, Liu J, Yang L, Niu Y, Ren R, Su C, Wang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Beneficial effects of mijianchangpu decoction on ischemic stroke through components accessing to the brain based on network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114882. [PMID: 34848358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To explore the effective components, potential targets and neuroprotective related mechanisms of Mijianchangpu decoction (MJCPD), a well-known TCM used by the Chinese Hui minorities to treat stroke, on the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) by using experimental models combined with network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuroprotective efficacy of MJCPD was estimated by applying the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced cerebral ischemia rats, and the neurological deficits score, TTC and HE staining as well as behavioral evaluation tests were employed to evaluate the beneficial effects. Meanwhile, the bioactive components of MJCPD responsible for the neuroprotective effects were identified by detecting the constituents in the brain of the MCAO rats with UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS techniques, and these compounds were then underwent for network pharmacology analysis. Firstly, the targets of the bioactive compounds of MJCPD were predicted using Pharmmapper database, and simultaneously, the targets of IS disease were obtained from disease databases including DisGenet, OMIM, and GeneCards. Secondly, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between the targets and diseases were established to give the possible therapeutic targets for IS. Thirdly, the go function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out and the compound-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, the effective compounds, core targets and possible pathways were obtained by analyzing the connectivity of the network. More importantly, the core targets were verified by western blot experiments to validate the reliability of this study. RESULTS MJCPD exhibited significant neuroprotective effect on IS, and 16 bioactive components of MJCPD were identified in the brain of the MCAO rats. 59 and 1982 targets related with IS disease were explored from Pharmapper and disease databases, respectively, and 32 intersecting targets were obtained as hypothetical therapeutic targets. Based on the results of the compound-target-pathway and PPI network with the degree was greater than the median, 8 effective compounds (suberic acid, epishyobunone, crocetin monomethyl ester, sfaranal, (Z)-6-octadccenoic acid, nerolidol and gurjunene) and 5 hub targets (SRC, MAPK8, MAPK14, EGFR and MAPK1) as well as 12 pathways were predicted. Western blot results showed that EGFR, p38, ERK and SRC proteins were expressed significantly different after MJCPD treatment as compared with the model group. CONCLUSION The present study employed network pharmacology, pharmacodynamics and molecular biology techniques to predict and validate the core potential targets and signaling pathways as well as the bioactive components of MJCPD responsible for the treatment of IS. All of which are very helpful to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism of MJCPD, and obviously, the active compounds and targets in this study can also provide clues for the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yang Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ruru Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yingli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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New Insights into the Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Neuroinflammation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121796. [PMID: 34944440 PMCID: PMC8698589 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia and astrocytes, is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence shows that activated microglia induce the expression and secretion of various lysosomal cathepsins, particularly during the early stage of neuroinflammation. This trigger signaling cascade that aggravate neurodegeneration. To date, most research on neuroinflammation has focused on the role of cysteine cathepsins, the largest cathepsin family. Cysteine cathepsins are primarily responsible for protein degradation in lysosomes; however, they also play a role in regulating a number of other important physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the functional roles of cysteine cathepsins in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation, with an emphasis on their roles in the polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation signaling, which in turn causes neuronal death and thus neurodegeneration.
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Tang L, Xiang Q, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Li J. Tripterygium glycoside ameliorates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8540-8554. [PMID: 34592905 PMCID: PMC8806986 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1987082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is acommon neurodegenerative disease in the aged population. Tripterygium glycoside (TG) has been reported to protect the nervous system. However, the effect of TG on AD is still unknown. We aimed to explore the effect of TG on AD. Thirty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomly selected and assigned to the normal control, AD model, AD+donepezil, and AD+TG groups. PC12 cells were assigned to the normal control, AD cell model, and AD+TG groups. The alterations in spatial memory and learning abilities of mice were measured by Morris water maze. Neuronal damage in mice was detected using Nissl staining. The expression levels of Aβ25-35, p-Tau, and CD11b in brain tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, p-P38, P38, p-IκBα, Caspase1, COX2, and iNOS were measured using ELISAs, qRT-PCR, and western blotting.TG significantly improved the spatial memory and learning abilities of AD mice. Compared toAD model group, significantly lower expression levels of Aβ25-35, p-Tau, and CD11b were observed in AD+TG group (p < 0.05). The neuron density significantly increased in AD+TG group (p < 0.05). Significantly lower expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, caspase-1, COX2, iNOS, p-IκBα and p-P38 MAPK were detected in AD+TG group (p < 0.05). In summary, TG may exert aneuroprotective effect by suppressing the release of inflammatory factors and microglial activity and inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK. These findings may improve our understanding of the mechanism of TG intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,Department of Basic Biology, Wuzhou Medical College, Wuzhou, China.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,Academics Working Station, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China
| | - Ju Xiang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Academics Working Station, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,Academics Working Station, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, China
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Iloun P, Hooshmandi E, Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi R, Ahmadiani A. Roles and Interaction of the MAPK Signaling Cascade in Aβ25-35-Induced Neurotoxicity Using an Isolated Primary Hippocampal Cell Culture System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1497-1507. [PMID: 32601776 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized with increased formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ peptide toxicity is associated with disturbances of several intracellular signaling pathways such as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MAPKs and their interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity using isolated hippocampal neurons from the rat. Primary hippocampal cells were cultured in neurobasal medium for 4 days. Cells were treated with Aβ25-35 and/or MAPKs inhibitors for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by an MTT assay and phosphorylated levels of P38, JNK, and ERK were measured by Western blots. Aβ treatment (10-40 µM) significantly decreased hippocampal cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of P38 and ERK did not restore cell viability, while JNK inhibition potentiated the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Compared to the controls, Aβ treatment increased levels of phosphorylated JNK, ERK, and c-Jun, while it had no effect on levels of phosphorylated P38. In addition, P38 inhibition led to decreased expression levels of phosphorylated ERK; inhibition of JNK resulted in decreased expression of c-Jun; and inhibition of ERK, decreased phosphorylated levels of JNK. These results strongly suggest that P38, ERK, and JNK are not independently involved in Aβ-induced toxicity in the hippocampal cells. In AD, which is a multifactorial disease, inhibiting a single member of the MAPK signaling pathway, does not seem to be sufficient to mitigate Aβ-induced toxicity and thus their interactions with each other or potentially with different signaling pathways should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Iloun
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Chamran Exp. Way, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Chamran Exp. Way, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Chen B, Xu X, Lin DD, Chen X, Xu YT, Liu X, Dong WG. KRT18 Modulates Alternative Splicing of Genes Involved in Proliferation and Apoptosis Processes in Both Gastric Cancer Cells and Clinical Samples. Front Genet 2021; 12:635429. [PMID: 34290732 PMCID: PMC8287183 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.635429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 18 (KRT18), one of the most abundant keratins in epithelial and endothelial cells, has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in many malignancies and extensively regarded as a biomarker and important regulator in multiple cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). But the molecular regulatory mechanisms of KRT18 in GC patients and cells are largely unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the expression level of KRT18 in 450 stomach adenocarcinoma tissue samples from TCGA database and found a significantly higher expression level in tumor tissues. We then explored the potential functions of KRT18 in AGS cells (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) by KRT18 knockdown using siRNA and whole transcriptome RNA-seq analysis. Notably, KRT18 selectively regulates expression of cell proliferation and apoptotic genes. Beyond this, KRT18 affects the alternative splicing of genes enriched in apoptosis, cell cycle, and other cancer-related pathways, which were then validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach. We validated KRT18-KD promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in AGS cells. We then used RNA-seq data of GC samples to further demonstrate the modulation of KRT18 on alternative splicing regulation. These results together support the conclusion that KRT18 extensively modulates diverse alternative splicing events of genes enriched in proliferation and apoptosis processes. And the dysregulated splicing factors at transcriptional or posttranscriptional level by KRT18 may contribute to the alternative splicing change of many genes, which expands the functional importance of keratins in apoptotic and cell cycle pathways at the posttranscriptional level in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-dan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-tao Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Liu B, Zhao S, Yan Z, Zhao L, Lin J, Wang S, Niu Y, Li X, Qiu G, Zhang TJ, Wu Z, Wu N. Variants Affecting the C-Terminal of CSF1R Cause Congenital Vertebral Malformation Through a Gain-of-Function Mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641133. [PMID: 33816491 PMCID: PMC8017210 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CSF1R encodes the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor which regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and biological activity of monocyte/macrophage lineages. Pathogenic variants in CSF1R could lead to autosomal dominant adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia or autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia. In this study, we identified three heterozygous deleterious rare variants in CSF1R from a congenital vertebral malformation (CVM) cohort. All of the three variants are located within the carboxy-terminal region of CSF1R protein and could lead to an increased stability of the protein. Therefore, we established a zebrafish model overexpressing CSF1R. The zebrafish model exhibits CVM phenotypes such as hemivertebral and vertebral fusion. Furthermore, overexpression of the mutated CSF1R mRNA depleted of the carboxy-terminus led to a higher proportion of zebrafish with vertebral malformations than wild-type CSF1R mRNA did (p = 0.03452), implicating a gain-of-function effect of the C-terminal variant. In conclusion, variants affecting the C-terminal of CSF1R could cause CVM though a potential gain-of-function mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | | | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
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12
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Tang L, Zhong H, Danzeng D, Liang C, Liu S. The Neuroprotective Effect of Byu d Mar 25 in LPS-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8879014. [PMID: 33727946 PMCID: PMC7936888 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8879014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Byu d Mar 25 (BM25) has been suggested to have protective effects in the central nervous system. However, the effect of BM25 on AD has not been determined. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of BM25 in AD. A total of 40 AD model mice were randomly assigned to the following five groups (n = 8 per group): the AD + NS group, the AD + donepezil group, and three AD + BM25 groups treated with either 58.39 mg/kg (AD + BM25-L), 116.77 mg/kg (AD + BM25-M), or 233.54 mg/kg BM25 (AD + BM25-H). The Morris water maze test was performed to assess alterations in spatial learning and memory deficits. Nissl staining was performed to detect Nissl bodies and neuronal damage. The expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was evaluated by ELISA. The protein expression of P-P38, P38, P-IκBα, caspase 1, COX2, and iNOS was determined by western blotting. The expression of Aβ, p-Tau, and CD11b was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2, and iNOS were measured by qRT-PCR. Spatial memory significantly improved in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups compared with the AD + NS group (p < 0.05). The expression of Aβ and p-Tau significantly decreased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). The neuron density and hierarchy and number of pyramidal neurons significantly increased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of CD11b, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2, iNOS, caspase 1, p-IκBα, and p-P38 significantly decreased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that BM25 may exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in AD model mice by suppressing the activity of microglia and inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Woman and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongcang Zhang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dunzhu Danzeng
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Cuiting Liang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Woman and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan 610041, China
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13
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Rusinek K, Sołek P, Tabęcka-Łonczyńska A, Koziorowski M, Mytych J. Focus on the Role of Klotho Protein in Neuro-Immune Interactions in HT-22 Cells Upon LPS Stimulation. Cells 2020; 9:E1231. [PMID: 32429346 PMCID: PMC7290853 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is defined as the activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is considered to be a prominent feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The contribution of overactivated neuroglial cells to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders is well documented, however, the role of hippocampal neurons in the neuroinflammatory process remains fragmentary. In this study, we show for the first time, that klotho acts as a signal transducer between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic crosstalk mediated by ER stress in HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells during LPS challenge. In control HT-22 cells, LPS treatment results in activation of the IRE1α-p38 MAPK pathway leading to increased secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10, and thus, providing adaptation mechanism. On the other hand, in klotho-deficient HT-22 cells, LPS induces oxi-nitrosative stress and genomic instability associated with telomere dysfunctions leading to p53/p21-mediated cell cycle arrest and, in consequence, to ER stress, inflammation as well as of apoptotic cell death. Therefore, these results indicate that klotho serves as a part of the cellular defense mechanism engaged in the protection of neuronal cells against LPS-mediated neuroinflammation, emerging issues linked with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Collegium Scientarium Naturalium, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 2, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; (K.R.); (P.S.); (A.T.-Ł.); (M.K.)
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14
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Liu Y, Xue Q, Li A, Li K, Qin X. Mechanisms exploration of herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen on cerebral ischemia based on metabonomics and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112688. [PMID: 32101772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen (HD) is frequently used for treating brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia (CI) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY The present work was designed to reveal the active mechanism of HD against CI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our work, an integrated approach combined 1H-NMR based metabonomics and network pharmacology was applied to decipher the protection of HD against MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion)-induced CI rats. Meanwhile, the indicator of neurological deficit and TTC staining were used to estimate the efficacy of HD. RESULTS The results of neurological deficit test and TTC staining suggested HD could improve the brain injury in CI rats. The metabonomic result indicated that HD could significantly ameliorate 8 serum metabolites in CI rats, which were linked 71 corresponding targeted proteins obtained by Metscape. In addition, 84 targets related HD against CI were obtained by network pharmacology. At last, 5 important targets were screened as hopeful targets for the treatment of CI through integrating them. CONCLUSION The integrated method coupled 1H-NMR based metabonomics with network pharmacology provided the insights into the mechanisms of TCM in treating CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueTao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - QianQian Xue
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - AiPing Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - XueMei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
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15
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Wu Q, Wu W, Jacevic V, Franca TCC, Wang X, Kuca K. Selective inhibitors for JNK signalling: a potential targeted therapy in cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:574-583. [PMID: 31994958 PMCID: PMC7034130 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1720013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling regulates both cancer cell apoptosis and survival. Emerging evidence show that JNK promoted tumour progression is involved in various cancers, that include human pancreatic-, lung-, and breast cancer. The pro-survival JNK oncoprotein functions in a cell context- and cell type-specific manner to affect signal pathways that modulate tumour initiation, proliferation, and migration. JNK is therefore considered a potential oncogenic target for cancer therapy. Currently, designing effective and specific JNK inhibitors is an active area in the cancer treatment. Some ATP-competitive inhibitors of JNK, such as SP600125 and AS601245, are widely used in vitro; however, this type of inhibitor lacks specificity as they indiscriminately inhibit phosphorylation of all JNK substrates. Moreover, JNK has at least three isoforms with different functions in cancer development and identifying specific selective inhibitors is crucial for the development of targeted therapy in cancer. Some selective inhibitors of JNK are identified; however, their clinical studies in cancer are relatively less conducted. In this review, we first summarised the function of JNK signalling in cancer progression; there is a focus on the discussion of the novel selective JNK inhibitors as potential targeting therapy in cancer. Finally, we have offered a future perspective of the selective JNK inhibitors in the context of cancer therapies. We hope this review will help to further understand the role of JNK in cancer progression and provide insight into the design of novel selective JNK inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jacevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanos C C Franca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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16
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Aboonabi A, Singh I, Rose' Meyer R. Cytoprotective effects of berry anthocyanins against induced oxidative stress and inflammation in primary human diabetic aortic endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108940. [PMID: 31935365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction (ED). This study determined to explore the protective effects of berry-derived anthocyanins (AC) with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in human diabetic endothelial cells upon oxidative and inflammatory stressors. Cultured healthy human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and diabetic human aortic endothelial cells (D-HAEC) exposed to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 75 μM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) as an inflammatory inducer before treatment with AC (50 μl/ml). The results from cytotoxicity assays showed that AC had no significant effects in cell viability (P-value < 0.0001), and exposure to H2O2 75 μM had a less toxic effect (P-value < 0.05). Although, AC significantly decreased H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in both HAEC and D-HAEC cell lines (P-value < 0.0001), no positive impact of AC was found on the GSSG/GSH ratios (P-value < 0.05). Exposure to the LPS increased the production of IL-6 in both HAEC and D-HAEC cell lines (P-value < 0.0001), whereas AC treatment reduced LPS-induced IL-6 production in both cell lines with a more robust impact on D-HAEC (P-value < 0.0001). While LPS increased inflammasome assembling and caspase-1 activation, AC treatment inhibited caspase-1 activation in D-HAEC (P ≤ 0.05). This study indicated that berry anthocyanins reduced oxidative stress and inflammation via the inhibition of the NF-ƙB signaling pathway, which contributes to mitigating the diabetes-induced up-regulation of NF-ƙB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Aboonabi
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Roselyn Rose' Meyer
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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17
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Stramucci L, Pranteda A, Stravato A, Amoreo CA, Pennetti A, Diodoro MG, Bartolazzi A, Milella M, Bossi G. MKK3 sustains cell proliferation and survival through p38DELTA MAPK activation in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 31695024 PMCID: PMC6834673 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and understanding its underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase 3 (MKK3) is a specific activator of p38 MAP kinases (p38 MAPKs), which contributes to the regulation of several cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis as well as response to drugs. At present, the exact MKK3/p38 MAPK pathway contribution in cancer is heavily debated because of its pleiotropic function. In this work, we retrospectively explored the prognostic and pathobiologic relevance of MKK3 in a cohort of CRC patients and assessed MKK3 molecular functions in a panel of CRC lines and colonocytes primary cultures. We found increased MKK3 levels in late-stage CRC patients which correlated with shorter overall survival. Herein, we report that the MKK3 targeting by inducible RNA interference univocally exerts antitumor effects in CRC lines but not in primary colonocytes. While MKK3 depletion per se affects growth and survival by induction of sustained autophagy and death in some CRC lines, it potentiates response to chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in all of the tested CRC lines in vitro. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that in CRC the MKK3 specifically activates p38delta MAPK isoform to sustain prosurvival signaling and that such effect is exacerbated upon 5-FU challenge. Indeed, p38delta MAPK silencing recapitulates MKK3 depletion effects in CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our data identified a molecular mechanism through which MKK3 supports proliferation and survival signaling in CRC, further supporting MKK3 as a novel and extremely attractive therapeutic target for the development of promising strategies for the management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Stramucci
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.,Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelina Pranteda
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.,Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Stravato
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.,Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Pennetti
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Diodoro
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Milella
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.,Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine/Verona University Hospital Trust, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bossi
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy. .,Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Guo L, Bertola DR, Takanohashi A, Saito A, Segawa Y, Yokota T, Ishibashi S, Nishida Y, Yamamoto GL, Franco JFDS, Honjo RS, Kim CA, Musso CM, Timmons M, Pizzino A, Taft RJ, Lajoie B, Knight MA, Fischbeck KH, Singleton AB, Ferreira CR, Wang Z, Yan L, Garbern JY, Simsek-Kiper PO, Ohashi H, Robey PG, Boyde A, Matsumoto N, Miyake N, Spranger J, Schiffmann R, Vanderver A, Nishimura G, Passos-Bueno MRDS, Simons C, Ishikawa K, Ikegawa S. Bi-allelic CSF1R Mutations Cause Skeletal Dysplasia of Dysosteosclerosis-Pyle Disease Spectrum and Degenerative Encephalopathy with Brain Malformation. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:925-935. [PMID: 30982609 PMCID: PMC6507048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) plays key roles in regulating development and function of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, including microglia and osteoclasts. Mono-allelic mutations of CSF1R are known to cause hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS), an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we report seven affected individuals from three unrelated families who had bi-allelic CSF1R mutations. In addition to early-onset HDLS-like neurological disorders, they had brain malformations and skeletal dysplasia compatible to dysosteosclerosis (DOS) or Pyle disease. We identified five CSF1R mutations that were homozygous or compound heterozygous in these affected individuals. Two of them were deep intronic mutations resulting in abnormal inclusion of intron sequences in the mRNA. Compared with Csf1r-null mice, the skeletal and neural phenotypes of the affected individuals appeared milder and variable, suggesting that at least one of the mutations in each affected individual is hypomorphic. Our results characterized a unique human skeletal phenotype caused by CSF1R deficiency and implied that bi-allelic CSF1R mutations cause a spectrum of neurological and skeletal disorders, probably depending on the residual CSF1R function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Asako Takanohashi
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Asuka Saito
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yuko Segawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishibashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Nishida
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - José Francisco da Silva Franco
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Manso Musso
- Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Margaret Timmons
- Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Pizzino
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan J Taft
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Bryan Lajoie
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Melanie A Knight
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - James Y Garbern
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Pelin O Simsek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan Boyde
- Biophysics, Oral Growth and Development, Dental Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jürgen Spranger
- Central German Competence Center for Rare Diseases (MKSE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Intractable Disease Center, Saitama University Hospital, Moro 350-0495, Japan
| | | | - Cas Simons
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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19
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Abbasnejad Z, Nasseri B, Zardooz H, Ghasemi R. Time-course study of high fat diet induced alterations in spatial memory, hippocampal JNK, P38, ERK and Akt activity. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:659-673. [PMID: 30552557 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of high fat diet (HFD) is a health concern in modern societies, which participate in wide range of diseases. One underlying mechanism in the HFD mediated pathologies is disruption of insulin signaling activity. It is believed that HFD activates several stress signaling molecules such as MAPKs signaling pathway and these molecules participate in harmful effects in different cell populations including hippocampal cells. However, the activity of MAPKs signaling molecules are time dependent, even causing some opposing effects. Given that, MAPKs activity fluctuate with time of stress, there is less cleared how different lengths of HFD consumption can affect hippocampal MAPK. To test how duration of HFD consumption affect hippocampal MAPKs and insulin signaling activity and animal's cognitive function, rats were fed with HFD for different lengths (up to 6 months) and after each point spatial memory performances of animals was tested, then the peripheral indices of insulin resistance and hippocampal MAPKs and insulin signaling activity was evaluated. Results showed that while different time courses of HFD, up to 6 months, did not bring about significant spatial memory impairment, meanwhile the peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as hippocampal insulin and MAPKs signaling showed significant fluctuations during the different time courses of high fat diet regime. These results showed that neuronal responses to HFD is not constant and differ in a time-dependent manner, it seems that in acute phase molecular responses aimed to compensate the HFD stress but in chronic states these responses failed and devastating effects of stress began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasnejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Wu Q, Wu W, Fu B, Shi L, Wang X, Kuca K. JNK signaling in cancer cell survival. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2082-2104. [PMID: 30912203 DOI: 10.1002/med.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in cancer cell apoptosis; however, emerging evidence indicates that this Janus signaling promotes cancer cell survival. JNK acts synergistically with NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and other signaling molecules to exert a survival function. JNK positively regulates autophagy to counteract apoptosis, and its effect on autophagy is related to the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. The prosurvival effect of JNK may involve an immune evasion mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor-β, toll-like receptors, interferon-γ, and autophagy, as well as compensatory JNK-dependent cell proliferation. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the prosurvival function of JNK and its role in tumor development and chemoresistance, including a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated cancer cell survival. There is a focus on the specific "Yin and Yang" functions of JNK1 and JNK2 in the regulation of cancer cell survival. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the roles of JNK in cancer cell survival, which may provide insight into the distinct functions of JNK in cancer and its potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bishi Fu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Mkk4 and Mkk7 are important for retinal development and axonal injury-induced retinal ganglion cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1095. [PMID: 30367030 PMCID: PMC6203745 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been shown to be involved in both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a MAPK important in retinal development and after optic nerve crush injury, is regulated by two upstream kinases: MKK4 and MKK7. The specific requirements of MKK4 and MKK7 in retinal development and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death after axonal injury, however, are currently undefined. Optic nerve injury is an important insult in many neurologic conditions including traumatic, ischemic, inflammatory, and glaucomatous optic neuropathies. Mice deficient in Mkk4, Mkk7, and both Mkk4 and Mkk7 were generated. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the distribution and structure of retinal cell types and to assess RGC survival after optic nerve injury (mechanical controlled optic nerve crush (CONC)). Adult Mkk4- and Mkk7-deficient retinas had all retinal cell types, and with the exception of small areas of disrupted photoreceptor lamination in Mkk4-deficient mice, the retinas of both mutants were grossly normal. Deficiency of Mkk4 or Mkk7 reduced JNK signaling in RGCs after axonal injury and resulted in a significantly greater percentage of surviving RGCs 35 days after CONC as compared to wild-type controls (Mkk4: 51.5%, Mkk7: 29.1%, WT: 15.2%; p < 0.001). Combined deficiency of Mkk4 and Mkk7 caused failure of optic nerve formation, irregular retinal axonal trajectories, disruption of retinal lamination, clumping of RGC bodies, and dendritic fasciculation of dopaminergic amacrine cells. These results suggest that MKK4 and MKK7 may serve redundant and unique roles in molecular signaling important for retinal development and injury response following axonal insult.
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22
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Hung TH, Shyue SK, Wu CH, Chen CC, Lin CC, Chang CF, Chen SF. Deletion or inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase protects against brain damage and reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103236-103260. [PMID: 29262558 PMCID: PMC5732724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a series of inflammatory processes that contribute to neuronal damage. The present study investigated the involvement of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in neuroinflammation and brain damage in mouse TBI and in microglial cultures. The effects of genetic deletion of sEH and treatment with an sEH inhibitor, 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), on brain damage and inflammatory responses were evaluated in mice subjected to controlled cortical impact. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of sEH inhibition/deletion was investigated in vitro. TBI-induced an increase in sEH protein level in the injured cortex from 1 h to 4 days and sEH was expressed in microglia. Genetic deletion of sEH significantly attenuated functional deficits and brain damage up to 28 days post-TBI. Deletion of sEH also reduced neuronal death, apoptosis, brain edema, and BBB permeability at 1 and 4 day(s). These changes were associated with markedly reduced microglial/macrophage activation, neutrophil infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, inflammatory mediator expression at 1 and 4 day(s), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) degradation at 1 and 4 day(s). Administration of AUDA attenuated brain edema, apoptosis, inflammatory mediator upregulation and EET degradation at 4 days. In primary microglial cultures, AUDA attenuated both LPS- or IFN-γ-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced LPS- or IFN-γ-induced p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Deletion of sEH also reduced IFN-γ-induced NO production. Moreover, AUDA attenuated N2A neuronal death induced by BV2 microglial-conditioned media. Our results suggest that inhibition of sEH may be a potential therapy for TBI by modulating the cytotoxic functions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chang Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Feng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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23
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JUN is important for ocular hypertension-induced retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2945. [PMID: 28726785 PMCID: PMC5550879 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ocular hypertension, a major risk factor for glaucoma, is thought to trigger glaucomatous neurodegeneration through injury to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. The molecular signaling pathway leading from ocular hypertension to RGC degeneration, however, is not well defined. JNK signaling, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and its canonical target, the transcription factor JUN, have been shown to regulate neurodegeneration in many different systems. JUN is expressed after glaucoma-relevant injuries and Jun deficiency protects RGCs after mechanical injury to the optic nerve. Here, we tested the importance of JNK–JUN signaling for RGC death after ocular hypertensive axonal injury in an age-related, mouse model of ocular hypertension. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate JUN expression in ocular hypertensive DBA/2J mice. JUN was expressed in a temporal and spatial pattern consistent with a role in glaucomatous injury. To determine the importance of JUN in ocular hypertension-induced RGC death, a floxed allele of Jun and a retinal expressed cre recombinase (Six3-cre) were backcrossed onto the DBA/2J background. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and gross morphology of the retina and optic nerve head were assessed to determine whether removing Jun from the developing retina altered IOP elevation or retinal development. Jun deficiency in the retina did not alter DBA/2J IOP elevation or retinal development. Optic nerves and retinas were assessed at ages known to have glaucomatous damage in DBA/2J mice. Jun deficiency protected RGC somas from ocular hypertensive injury, but did not protect RGC axons from glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Jun is a major regulator of RGC somal degeneration after glaucomatous ocular hypertensive injury. These results suggest in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, JNK–JUN signaling has a major role as a pro-death signaling pathway between axonal injury and somal degeneration.
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24
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Pišlar A, Božić B, Zidar N, Kos J. Inhibition of cathepsin X reduces the strength of microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. Neuropharmacology 2016; 114:88-100. [PMID: 27889490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in the processes associated with neurodegeneration. The inflammatory response is mediated by activated microglia that release inflammatory mediators to the neuronal environment. Microglia-derived lysosomal cathepsins, including cathepsin X, are increasingly recognized as important mediators of the inflammation involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of cathepsin X and its molecular target, γ-enolase, in neuroinflammation and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. We determined that the exposure of activated BV2 and EOC 13.31 cells to LPS led to increased levels of cathepsin X protein and activity in the culture supernatants in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, LPS stimulation of these two cells reduced the release of active γ-enolase in a manner regulated by the cathepsin X activity. Cathepsin X inhibitor AMS36 significantly reduced LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from BV2 cells. Inhibition of cathepsin X suppressed microglial activation through the reduced caspase-3 activity, together with diminished microglial cell death and apoptosis, and also through inhibition of the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinases. Further, SH-SY5Y treatment with culture supernatants of activated microglial cells showed that cathepsin X inhibition reduces microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. These results indicate that up-regulated expression and increased release and activity of microglial cathepsin X leads to microglia activation-mediated neurodegeneration. Cathepsin X inhibitor caused neuroprotection via its inhibition of the activation of microglia. Cathepsin X could thus be a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pišlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Biljana Božić
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nace Zidar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Marudhupandiyan S, Balamurugan K. Intrinsic JNK-MAPK pathway involvement requires daf-16-mediated immune response during Shigella flexneri infection in C. elegans. Immunol Res 2016; 65:609-621. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Schweikl H, Widbiller M, Krifka S, Klement J, Petzel C, Bolay C, Hiller KA, Buchalla W. Interaction between LPS and a dental resin monomer on cell viability in mouse macrophages. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1492-1503. [PMID: 27671463 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from cariogenic microorganisms and resin monomers like HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) included in dentin adhesive are present in a clinical situation in deep dentinal cavity preparations. Here, cell survival, expression of proteins related to redox homeostasis, and viability of mouse macrophages exposed to LPS and HEMA were analyzed with respect to the influence of oxidative stress. METHODS Cell survival of RAW264.7 mouse macrophages was determined using a crystal violet assay, protein expression was detected by Western blotting, and HEMA- or LPS-induced apoptosis (cell viability) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cells were exposed to HEMA (0-8mM), LPS (0.1μg/ml) or combinations of both substances for 24h. The influence of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) was analyzed using the specific inhibitors PD98059 (ERK1/2), SB203580 (p38) or SP600125 (JNK), and oxidative stress was identified by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). RESULTS Cell survival was reduced by HEMA. LPS, however, increased cell survival from 29% in cultures exposed to 8mM HEMA, to 46% in cultures co-exposed to 8mM HEMA/LPS. Notably, LPS-induced apoptosis was neutralized by 4-6mM HEMA but apoptosis caused by 8mM HEMA was counteracted by LPS. Expression of NOS (nitric oxide synthase), p47phox and p67phox subunits of NADPH oxidase, catalase or heme oxygenase (HO-1) was associated with HEMA- or LPS-induced apoptosis. While no influence of MAPK was detected, NAC inhibited cytotoxic effects of HEMA. SIGNIFICANCE HEMA- and LPS-triggered pathways may induce apoptosis and interfere with physiological tissue responses as a result of the differential formation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Krifka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Klement
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Petzel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Berberine Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells against LPS-Induced Apoptosis by Blocking JNK-Mediated Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6983956. [PMID: 27478481 PMCID: PMC4961818 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6983956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor during the initiation of atherosclerosis. Berberine has a beneficial effect on endothelial function; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of berberine on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect. The effects of berberine on LPS-induced cell apoptosis and viability were measured with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. The expression and/or activation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins or signaling pathways, including caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, were determined with western blotting. The malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and production of proinflammatory cytokines were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results demonstrated that berberine pretreatment protected HUVECs from LPS-induced apoptosis, attenuated LPS-induced injury, inhibited LPS-induced JNK phosphorylation, increased MCL-1 expression and SOD activity, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. The effects of berberine on LPS-treated HUVECs were prevented by SP600125, a JNK-specific inhibitor. Thus, berberine might be a potential candidate in the treatment of endothelial cell injury-related vascular diseases.
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28
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Gonzalez-Pena D, Nixon SE, O’Connor JC, Southey BR, Lawson MA, McCusker RH, Borras T, Machuca D, Hernandez AG, Dantzer R, Kelley KW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Microglia Transcriptome Changes in a Model of Depressive Behavior after Immune Challenge. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150858. [PMID: 26959683 PMCID: PMC4784788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression symptoms following immune response to a challenge have been reported after the recovery from sickness. A RNA-Seq study of the dysregulation of the microglia transcriptome in a model of inflammation-associated depressive behavior was undertaken. The transcriptome of microglia from mice at day 7 after Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) challenge was compared to that from unchallenged Control mice and to the transcriptome from peripheral macrophages from the same mice. Among the 562 and 3,851 genes differentially expressed between BCG-challenged and Control mice in microglia and macrophages respectively, 353 genes overlapped between these cells types. Among the most differentially expressed genes in the microglia, serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) and cell adhesion molecule 3 (Cadm3) were over-expressed and coiled-coil domain containing 162 (Ccdc162) and titin-cap (Tcap) were under-expressed in BCG-challenged relative to Control. Many of the differentially expressed genes between BCG-challenged and Control mice were associated with neurological disorders encompassing depression symptoms. Across cell types, S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (Kmo) were differentially expressed between challenged and control mice. Immune response, chemotaxis, and chemokine activity were among the functional categories enriched by the differentially expressed genes. Functional categories enriched among the 9,117 genes differentially expressed between cell types included leukocyte regulation and activation, chemokine and cytokine activities, MAP kinase activity, and apoptosis. More than 200 genes exhibited alternative splicing events between cell types including WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (Wnk1) and microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1(Macf1). Network visualization revealed the capability of microglia to exhibit transcriptome dysregulation in response to immune challenge still after resolution of sickness symptoms, albeit lower than that observed in macrophages. The persistent transcriptome dysregulation in the microglia shared patterns with neurological disorders indicating that the associated persistent depressive symptoms share a common transcriptome basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianelys Gonzalez-Pena
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Nixon
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Jason C. O’Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Marcus A. Lawson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert H. McCusker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Tania Borras
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Debbie Machuca
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- High-Throughput Sequencing and Genotyping Unit, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Keith W. Kelley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Department of Statistics and Carle Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Eijo G, Gottardo MF, Jaita G, Magri ML, Moreno Ayala M, Zárate S, Candolfi M, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Lack of Oestrogenic Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Somatolactotroph Tumour Cells. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:692-701. [PMID: 26052658 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. We have previously shown that oestrogens sensitise normal anterior pituitary cells to the apoptotic effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the present study, we examined whether oestrogens also modulate the NF-κB signalling pathway and apoptosis in GH3 cells, a rat somatolactotroph tumour cell line. As determined by Western blotting, 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) (10(-9) m) increased the nuclear concentration of NF-κB/p105, p65 and p50 in GH3 cells. However, E2 did not modify the expression of Bcl-xL, a NF-κB target gene. TNF-α induced apoptosis of GH3 cells incubated in either the presence or absence of E2 . Inhibition of the NF-kB pathway using BAY 11-7082 (BAY) (5 μm) decreased the viability of GH3 cells and increased the percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive GH3 cells. BAY also increased TNF-α-induced apoptosis of GH3 cells, an effect that was further increased by an inhibitor of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway, SP600125 (10 μm). We also analysed the role of the NF-κB signalling pathway on proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 tumours in vivo. The administration of BAY to nude mice bearing GH3 tumours increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and decreased the number of proliferating GH3 cells. These findings suggest that GH3 cells lose their oestrogenic inhibitory action on the NF-κB pathway and that the pro-apoptotic effect of TNF-α on these tumour pituitary cells does not require sensitisation by oestrogens as occurs in normal pituitary cells. NF-κB was required for the survival of GH3 cells, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB pathway could interfere with pituitary tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Gottardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Magri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Moreno Ayala
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Robins R, Baldwin C, Aoudjit L, Gupta IR, Takano T. Loss of Rho-GDIα sensitizes podocytes to lipopolysaccharide-mediated injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1207-16. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00225.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a disease of glomerular permselectivity that can arise as a consequence of heritable or acquired changes to the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. We recently reported two siblings with heritable nephrotic syndrome caused by a loss of function mutation in the gene ARHGDIA, which encodes for Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor-α (GDIα). GDIs are known to negatively regulate Rho-GTPase signaling. We hypothesized that loss of GDIα sensitizes podocytes to external injury via hyperactivation of Rho-GTPases and p38 MAPK. We examined the response of cultured podocytes with and without knockdown of GDIα to LPS injury by assessing the levels of phospho-p38 as well as the degree of synaptopodin loss. GDIα knockdown podocytes showed more pronounced and sustained p38 phosphorylation in response to LPS compared with control podocytes, and this was blunted significantly by the Rac1 inhibitor. In LPS-treated control podocytes, synaptopodin degradation occurred, and this was dependent on p38, the proteasome, and cathepsin L. In GDIα knockdown podocytes, the same events were triggered, but the levels of synaptopodin after LPS treatment were significantly lower than in control podocytes. These experiments reveal a common pathway by which heritable and environmental risk factors converge to injure podocytes, from Rac1 hyperactivation to p38 phosphorylation and synaptopodin degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and cathepsin L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Robins
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Indra R. Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
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Dinicola S, Masiello MG, Proietti S, Coluccia P, Fabrizi G, Palombo A, Micciulla F, Bistarelli S, Ricci G, Catizone A, De Toma G, Bizzarri M, Bellucci S, Cucina A. Multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypaper induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines through modulation of AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1298-308. [PMID: 25998161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MWCNT buckypaper (BP) shows physico-chemical and mechanical properties that make it potentially useful as a substrate in nano-bio interface research including in tissue engineering. When used as a scaffold material, BP comes into contact with host cells and surrounding tissues; therefore it is critical to determine its biocompatibility and interaction with living systems. The aim of this study was to investigate BP effects on cell growth, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in three human leukemia cell lines HL-60, U-937 and K-562. BP was able to induce both the reduction of cell proliferation, associated with an arrest in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and the increase of apoptosis in leukemic cell lines, thus exerting both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects. The growth inhibitory effect was likely mediated by the decrease of cyclins D, E, A, B1 levels and CDK4 expression; meanwhile, the apoptotic effect, not mediated by ROS production, was presumably due to the combined action of the survival and pro-apoptotic AKT and MAPK signal transduction pathways. These results raised the issue of biocompatibility of MWCNT BP for the creation of carbon nanotubes based scaffolds to utilize as prostheses in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Masiello
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coluccia
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Fabrizi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Systems Biology Group Lab, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palombo
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Systems Biology Group Lab, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Micciulla
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bistarelli
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Toma
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Systems Biology Group Lab, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Walker N, Kahamba T, Woudberg N, Goetsch K, Niesler C. Dose-dependent modulation of myogenesis by HGF: implications for c-Met expression and downstream signalling pathways. Growth Factors 2015; 33:229-41. [PMID: 26135603 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1058260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) regulates satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. We analyzed the dose-dependent effects of HGF on myogenesis. Murine C2C12 and human donor-derived skeletal muscle myoblasts were treated with 0, 2, or 10 ng/ml HGF followed by assessment of proliferation and differentiation. HGF (2 ng/ml) significantly promoted cell division, but reduced myogenic commitment and fusion. Conversely, 10 ng/ml HGF reduced proliferative capability, but increased differentiation. c-Met expression analysis revealed significantly decreased expression in differentiating cells cultured with 2 ng/ml HGF, but increased expression in proliferating cells with 10 ng/ml HGF. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs: ERK, JNK, or p38K) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition abrogated the HGF-stimulated increase in cell number. Interestingly, PI3K and p38 kinase facilitated the negative effect of HGF on proliferation, while ERK inhibition abrogated the HGF-mediated decrease in differentiation. Dose-dependent effects of HGF are mediated by changes in c-Met expression and downstream MAPK and PI3K signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Walker
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Trish Kahamba
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Nicholas Woudberg
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Kyle Goetsch
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Carola Niesler
- a Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
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Xu L, Li Y, Fu Q, Ma S. Perillaldehyde attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury-triggered overexpression of inflammatory cytokines via modulating Akt/JNK pathway in the rat brain cortex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:65-70. [PMID: 25445600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perillaldehyde (PAH), one of the major oil components in Perilla frutescens, has anti-inflammatory effects. Few studies have examined the neuroprotective effect of PAH on stroke. So the aim of our study is to investigate the effect of PAH on ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in the rat brain cortex. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was selected to make cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were assigned randomly to groups of sham, MCAO, and two treatment groups by PAH at 36.0, 72.0mg/kg. Disease model was set up after intragastrically (i.g.) administering for 7 consecutive days. The neurological deficit, the cerebral infarct size, biochemical parameters and the relative mRNA and protein levels were examined. The results showed that the NO level, the iNOS activity, the neurological deficit scores, the cerebral infarct size and the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly decreased by PAH treatment. PAH also increased the Phospho-Akt level and decrease the Phospho-JNK level by Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the PAH groups exhibited a dramatically decrease of apoptosis-related mRNA expression such as Bax and caspase-3. Our findings shown that PAH attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat brain cortex, and suggest its neuroprotective effect is relate to regulating the inflammatory response through Akt /JNK pathway. The activation of this signalling pathway eventually inhibits apoptotic cell death induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuebi Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Dragone T, Cianciulli A, Calvello R, Porro C, Trotta T, Panaro MA. Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-mediated microglial inflammation by modulating a SOCS-1 dependent signaling pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Yu Q, Li Q, Lu P, Chen Q. Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells through the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway. J Med Food 2014; 17:1036-42. [PMID: 25045920 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphyllin D (PD), an active component from a traditional medicinal herb Paris polyphylla, which has long been used for the treatment of cancer in Asian countries, has been found to hold significant antitumor activity in vivo or in vitro. However, there were few reports on the effects and underlying mechanism of PD on apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate apoptotic induction of PD in U87 human glioma cells, and explore its underlying pathway. U87 glioma cells were cultured and treated with varied concentrations of PD (from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M). The inhibition of U87 glioma cell proliferation by PD was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptosis of U87 glioma cells was detected by flow cytometry, and western blot analysis was used to examine human B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), human Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, total-c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (t-JNK), and phosphorylation-JNK (p-JNK) protein expression in U87 human glioma cells. The treatment with PD for 24 h significantly inhibited the proliferation of U87 human glioma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PD increased apoptosis and significantly upregulated the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and p-JNK associated with apoptosis, but downregulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression in U87 human glioma cells. Our data provided evidences that PD induces apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells. This effect might be associated with the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
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36
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Wang CP, Zhang LZ, Li GC, Shi YW, Li JL, Zhang XC, Wang ZW, Ding F, Liang XM. Mulberroside a protects against ischemic impairment in primary culture of rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:944-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Lu-Zhong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Gui-Cai Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Yun-wei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Jian-Long Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
- Department of Pharmacology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Xin-Miao Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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Alveolar macrophage innate response to Mycobacterium immunogenum, the etiological agent of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: role of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83172. [PMID: 24349452 PMCID: PMC3859638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium immunogenum is an emerging pathogen of the immune-mediated lung disease hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) reported in machinists occupationally exposed to contaminated metal working fluid (MWF). However, the mechanism of its interaction with the host lung is unclear. Considering that alveolar macrophages play a central role in host defense in the exposed lung, understanding their interaction with the pathogen could provide initial insights into the underlying immunopathogenesis events and mechanisms. In the current study, M. immunogenum 700506, a predominant genotype isolated from HP-linked fluids, was shown to multiply intracellularly, induce proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, NO) and cause cytotoxicity/cell death in the cultured murine alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The responses were detected as early as 3h post-infection. Comparison of this and four additional genotypes of M. immunogenum (MJY-3, MJY-4, MJY-12, MJY-14) using an effective dose-time combination (100 MOI for 24h) showed these macrophage responses in the following order (albeit with some variations for individual response indicators). Inflammatory: MJY-3 ≥ 700506 > MJY-4 ≥ MJY-14 ≥ MJY-12; Cytotoxic: 700506 ≥ MJY-3 > MJY-4 ≥ MJY-12 ≥ MJY-14. In general, 700506 and MJY-3 showed a more aggressive response than other genotypes. Chemical blocking of either p38 or JNK inhibited the induction of proinflammatory mediators (cytokines, NO) by 700506. However, the cellular responses showed a somewhat opposite effect. This is the first report on M. immunogenum interactions with alveolar macrophages and on the identification of JNK- and p38- mediated signaling and its role in mediating the proinflammatory responses during these interactions.
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Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses by Buddleja officinalis extract in BV-2 microglial cells via negative regulation of NF-kB and ERK1/2 signaling. Molecules 2013; 18:9195-206. [PMID: 23912273 PMCID: PMC6270610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Buddleja officinalis has been traditionally used in the supportive treatment of inflammatory and neuronal diseases in Korea and China. Although several reports have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of Buddleja officinalis, the anti-neuroinflammatory effect has remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of flower buds of B. officinalis Maximowicz water extract (BOWE) on LPS-induced inflammatory processes in BV-2 microglial cells. BOWE dose-dependently inhibited the production of nitric oxide as well as iNOS mRNA expression. Moreover, BOWE prevented IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression. However, BOWE had no effect on LPS-induced COX-2 or TNF-α mRNA expression. The extract also had no effect on LPS-stimulated p38 MAPK, JNK, and c-Jun phosphorylation, whereas ERK1/2 phosphorylation was strongly inhibited by BOWE. BOWE also inhibited the LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α, and LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB protein. These data indicate that BOWE inhibited the nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory gene expression in BV-2 microglial cells, possibly through a negative regulation of the NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways. Further identification of the direct target molecule(s) of BOWE is required to support its use as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent against the neurodegenerative disorders.
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Thuma F, Zöller M. EpCAM-associated claudin-7 supports lymphatic spread and drug resistance in rat pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:855-66. [PMID: 23390083 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis because of early metastatic spread, a suggested feature of cancer-initiating cells (CIC). To control for a functional contribution of the pancreatic CIC-marker EpCAM, we explored metastasis formation by a stable EpCAM-knockdown (ASML-EpC(kd)) of the rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma line BSp73ASML (ASML(wt)). As EpCAM associates with claudin-7, an ASML-claudin-7-knockdown (ASML-cld7(kd)) was included to differentiate between EpC- and EpC-cld7-mediated effects. The metastatic capacity of ASML-EpC(kd) and more pronounced ASML-cld7(kd) cells is strikingly reduced. EpC-associated cld7 interferes with EpC-mediated cell-cell adhesion and supports migration. This requires cld7 phosphorylation and formation of an EpC-cld7-tetraspanin-alpha6beta4 complex in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains (GEM), where cld7 associates via the tetraspanin-alpha6beta4 complex with phosphorylated ezrin. The association of cld7 with alpha6beta4 and cytoskeleton strongly stimulates tumor cell migration. However, EpC does not actively contribute. Instead, GEM-located cld7 associates with presenilin-2, which facilitates EpC cleavage and thereby tumor cell proliferation. Finally, the EpC-cld7 complex promotes drug resistance. Both EpC and cld7 support MAPK and JNK activation, such that in ASML-EpC(kd) and ASML-cld7(kd) cells an undue expansion of proapoptotic molecules is observed. Only cld7 promotes activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by a strong downregulation of Pten. Accordingly, cisplatin treatment prolongs the survival time of ASML-cld7(kd)-bearing rats. Taken together, cld7 supports tumorigenic features of EpC by provoking EpC cleavage and thereby its cotranscription factor activity. On the other hand, only cld7 is directly engaged in motility and apoptosis resistance. Thus, at least in concern of migrating CIC, it is cld7 that acts as a CIC biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thuma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mechanisms of penitrem-induced cerebellar granule neuron death in vitro: Possible involvement of GABAA receptors and oxidative processes. Neurotoxicology 2013; 35:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhu J, Shen W, Gao L, Gu H, Shen S, Wang Y, Wu H, Guo J. PI3K/Akt-independent negative regulation of JNK signaling by MKP-7 after cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:1. [PMID: 23280045 PMCID: PMC3583678 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is associated with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia, which can be induced by an imbalance between upstream phosphatases and kinases. Result Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 7 (MKP-7) was upregulated significantly at 4 h of reperfusion postischemia in rat hippocampi. By administration of cycloheximide or siRNA against mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 7 (MKP-7) in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion, an obvious enhancement of JNK activity was observed in 4 h of reperfusion following ischemia, suggesting MKP-7 was involved in JNK inactivation after ischemia. The subcellular localization of MKP-7 altered after ischemia, and the inhibition of MKP-7 nuclear export by Leptomycin B up-regulated JNK activity. Although PI3K/Akt inhibition could block downregulation of JNK activity through SEK1 and MKK-7 activation, PI3K/Akt activity was not associated with the regulation of JNK by MKP-7. Conclusions MKP-7, independently of PI3K/Akt pathway, played a key role in downregulation of JNK activity after ischemia in the rat hippocampus, and the export of MKP-7 from the nucleus was involved in downregulation of cytoplasmic JNK activity in response to ischemic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianXi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
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Formaldehyde up-regulates TRPV1 through MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways in a rat model of bone cancer pain. Neurosci Bull 2012; 28:165-72. [PMID: 22466127 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study showed that tumor tissue-derived formaldehyde at low concentrations plays an important role in bone cancer pain through activating transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1). The present study further explored whether this tumor tissue-derived endogenous formaldehyde regulates TRPV1 expression in a rat model of bone cancer pain, and if so, what the possible signal pathways are during the development of this type of pain. METHODS A rat model of bone cancer pain was established by injecting living MRMT-1 tumor cells into the tibia. The formaldehyde levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the expression of TRPV1 was examined with Western blot and RT-PCR. In primary cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the expression of TRPV1 was assessed after treatment with 100 µmol/L formaldehyde with or without pre-addition of PD98059 [an inhibitor for extracellular signal-regulated kinase], SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), SP600125 [an inhibitor for c-Jun N-terminal kinase], BIM [a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor] or LY294002 [a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor]. RESULTS In the rat model of bone cancer pain, formaldehyde concentration increased in blood plasma, bone marrow and the spinal cord. TRPV1 protein expression was also increased in the DRG. In primary cultured DRG neurons, 100 μmol/L formaldehyde significantly increased the TRPV1 expression level. Pre-incubation with PD98059, SB203580, SP600125 or LY294002, but not BIM, inhibited the formaldehyde-induced increase of TRPV1 expression. CONCLUSION Formaldehyde at a very low concentration up-regulates TRPV1 expression through mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K, but not PKC, signaling pathways. These results further support our previous finding that TRPV1 in peripheral afferents plays a role in bone cancer pain.
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Pro-life role for c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase at rostral ventrolateral medulla in experimental brain stem death. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:96. [PMID: 23157661 PMCID: PMC3533910 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based on an experimental brain stem death model, we demonstrated previously that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)/
mitogen-activated protein kinase signal-interacting kinase 1/2 (MNK1/2) cascade plays a pro-life role in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the origin of a life-and-death signal detected from systemic arterial pressure, which sequentially increases (pro-life) and decreases (pro-death) to reflect progressive dysfunction of central cardiovascular regulation during the advancement towards brain stem death in critically ill patients. The present study assessed the hypothesis that, in addition to ERK1/2, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), the other two mammalian members of MAPKs that are originally identified as stress-activated protein kinases, are activated specifically by MAPK kinase 4 (MAP2K4) or MAP2K6 and play a pro-life role in RVLM during experimental brain stem death. We further delineated the participation of phosphorylating activating transcriptional factor-2 (ATF-2) and c-Jun, the classical transcription factor activated by JNK or p38MAPK, in this process. Results An experimental model of brain stem death that employed microinjection of the organophosphate insecticide mevinphos (Mev; 10 nmol) bilaterally into RVLM of Sprague–Dawley rats was used, alongside cardiovascular, pharmacological and biochemical evaluations. Results from ELISA showed that whereas the total JNK, p38MAPK, MAP2K4 and MAP2K6 were not affected, augmented phosphorylation of JNK at Thr183 and Tyr185 and p38MAPK at Thr180 and Tyr182, accompanied by phosphorylation of their upstream activators MAP2K4 at Ser257 and Thr261 and MAP2K6 at Ser207 and Thr211 in RVLM occurred preferentially during the pro-life phase of experimental brain stem death. Moreover, the activity of transcription factors ATF-2 at Thr71 and c-Jun at Ser73, rather than Elk-1 at Ser383 in RVLM were also augmented during the pro-life phase. Furthermore, pretreatment by microinjection into the bilateral RVLM of specific JNK inhibitors, JNK inhibitor I (100 pmol) or SP600125 (5 pmol), or specific p38MAPK inhibitors, p38MAPK inhibitor III (500 pmol) or SB203580 (2 nmol), exacerbated the depressor effect and blunted the augmented life-and-death signal exhibited during the pro-life phase. On the other hand, pretreatment with the negative control for JNK or p38MAPK inhibitor, JNK inhibitor I negative control (100 pmol) or SB202474 (2 nmol), was ineffective in the vehicle-controls and Mev-treatment groups. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that activation of JNK or p38MAPK in RVLM by their upstream activators MAP2K4 or MAP2K6 plays a preferential pro-life role by sustaining the central cardiovascular regulatory machinery during experimental brain stem death via phosphorylation and activation of nuclear transcription factor ATF-2 or c-Jun.
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Dakroub Z, Kreydiyyeh SI. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a mediator of TNF-α action on the Na+/K+ ATPase in HepG2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2077-85. [PMID: 22271589 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that TNF-α down-regulates the Na+/K+ ATPase in HepG2 cells. This work was undertaken to study the role of ceramide and its metabolites in TNF-α action. Treating HepG2 cells with the cytokine in presence of an inhibitor of sphingomyelinase, abrogated the effect of TNF-α on the ATPase. To confirm the involvement of ceramide or its metabolites, cells were incubated with exogenous ceramide. Ceramide reduced time-dependently the activity of the ATPase and its effect disappeared in presence of CAY 10466 or SHKI, respective inhibitors of ceramidase and spingosine kinase, suggesting that ceramide acts via sphingosine or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). However, HepG2 cells treated with exogenous sphingosine showed a higher Na+/K+ ATPase activity inferring that S1P is the one responsible for the down-regulatory effect of TNF-α and ceramide. This hypothesis was confirmed by the observed inhibitory effect of exogenous S1P on the pump, which was maintained when JNK and NF-κB were inhibited separately or simultaneously. The concurrent, but not individual inhibition of the kinase and transcription factor in the absence of S1P imitated the effect of S1P. It was concluded that S1P down-regulates the ATPase by inhibiting both JNK and NF-κB. This conclusion was supported by the observed decrease in the phosphorylation of c-jun and the enhanced protein expression of IκB and lower NK-KB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Dakroub
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Malla RR, Gopinath S, Alapati K, Gorantla B, Gondi CS, Rao JS. uPAR and cathepsin B inhibition enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in gliomainitiating cells. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:745-60. [PMID: 22573309 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas present as diffuse tumors with invasion into normal brain tissue and frequently recur or progress after radiation as focal masses because of glioma-initiating cells. The role of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and cathepsin B in stem-like phenotype has been extensively studied in several solid tumors. In the present study, we demonstrated that selection of glioma-initiating cells using CD133 expression leads to a specific enrichment of CD133(+) cells in both U87 and 4910 cells. In addition, CD133(+) cells exhibited a considerable amount of other stem cell markers, such as Nestin and Sox-2. Radiation treatment significantly enhanced uPAR and cathepsin B levels in glioma-initiating cells. To downregulate radiation-induced uPAR and cathepsin B expression, we used a bicistronic shRNA construct that simultaneously targets both uPAR and cathepsin B (pCU). Downregulation of uPAR and cathepsin B using pCU decreased radiation-enhanced uPAR and cathepsin B levels and caused DNA damage-induced apoptosis in glioma cell lines and glioma-initiating cells. The most striking finding of this study is that knockdown of uPAR and cathepsin B inhibited ongoing transcription by suppressing BrUTP incorporation at γH2AX foci. In addition, uPAR and cathepsin B gene silencing inversely regulated survivin and H2AX expression in both glioma cells and glioma-initiating cells. Pretreatment with pCU reduced radiation-enhanced expression of uPAR, cathepsin B, and survivin and enhanced DNA damage in pre-established glioma in nude mice. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that uPAR and cathepsin B inhibition might serve as an adjunct to radiation therapy to target glioma-initiating cells and, therefore, for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, One Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Han JE, Choi JW. Control of JNK for an activation of NADPH oxidase in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:709-15. [PMID: 22553064 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is a main regulator for H(2)O(2) productivity in neuroinflammatory cells, including microglia, under various CNS diseases and its activity is controlled by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, little is known about the link between NADPH oxidase-driven H(2)O(2) productivity and JNK in microglia. The purpose of this study is to uncover the link using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia produced H(2)O(2) that was decreased by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, including 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride and diphenyleneiodonium chloride. In addition, NADPH oxidase was activated in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. These results suggest that NAPDH oxidase is a main factor for H(2)O(2) productivity in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Based on a semi-quantitative PCR analysis, two of NADPH oxidase components, p47(phox) and gp91(phox), were involved in the activation of NADPH oxidase because transcriptional levels of both components were upregulated by LPS. Role of JNK in NADPH oxidase-regulated H(2)O(2) productivity was pursued using specific inhibitors, including SP600125 and JNK inhibitory peptide (JIP). Inhibition of the JNK pathways significantly reduced H(2)O(2) productivity, which was closely related to the attenuation of NADPH oxidase activation and the upregulation of components. We conclude that JNK pathways are involved in NADPH oxidase-mediated H(2)O(2) productivity in BV2 microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, 406-799, Korea
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Bhattarai G, Lee YH, Lee NH, Yun JS, Hwang PH, Yi HK. c-myb mediates inflammatory reaction against oxidative stress in human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:686-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral-Bio Science and BK21 Program; School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Joenju; Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral-Bio Science and BK21 Program; School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Joenju; Korea
| | - Nan-Hee Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral-Bio Science and BK21 Program; School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Joenju; Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Yun
- Molecular Science and Technology Research Center; Ajou University; Suwon; Korea
| | - Pyoung-Han Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics; Chonbuk National Medical School, Chonbuk National University; Joenju; Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral-Bio Science and BK21 Program; School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Joenju; Korea
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