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Wang R, Liu X, Li X, Qian M, Yang X, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Liu H, Chen J, Wang X, Gong L. ELOVL6 promotes the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via activating WNT/β-catenin pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1079-1091. [PMID: 38426809 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study was to explore the role of ELOVL6 in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Considering its previously identified oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma. ELOVL6 gene expression, clinicopathological analysis, enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were based on the data from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas, with additional bioinformatics analyses performed. Human HNSCC tissue microarray and cell lines were used. The expression of ELOVL6 in HNSCC was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry assay, and western blot analysis. The proliferation ability of HNSCC cells, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 method, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Based on the data derived from the cancer databases and our HNSCC cell and tissue studies, we found that ELOVL6 was overexpressed in HNSCC. Moreover, ELOVL6 expression level had a positive correlation with clinicopathology of HNSCC. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that ELOVL6 affected the occurrence of HNSCC through WNT signaling pathway. Functional experiments demonstrated that ELOVL6 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HNSCC cells while promoting apoptosis. Additionally, compound 3f, an agonist of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, enhances the effect of ELOVL6 on the progression of HNSCC cells. ELOVL6 is upregulated in HNSCC and promotes the development of HNSCC cells by inducing WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. ELOVL6 stands a potential target for the treatment of HNSCC and a prognosis indicator of human HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoya Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xianzhi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qichuan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Shen Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Li Y, Liu P, Zhang B, Wang Y, Chan KC, Mak NK, Kahn M, Qi RZ, Yang H. CDK5RAP2 is a Wnt target gene and promotes stemness and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:107. [PMID: 36774351 PMCID: PMC9922250 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a highly aggressive and frequently lethal malignancy, the role and action mechanism of the microtubule regulatory protein CDK5RAP2 have not been fully understood. Here, we show that CDK5RAP2 is highly expressed in OSCC and its expression correlates with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of the disease. The expression of CDK5RAP2 is regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Depletion of CDK5RAP2 inhibits the tumorigenesis and migration of OSCC cells and alters the OSCC cancer stem (-like) cell (CSC) signature. Notably, suppression of CDK5RAP2 expression disrupts spindle orientation during mitosis. Collectively, these results identify CDK5RAP2 as a potential CSC marker and reveal a mechanism that controls the CSC population in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuntao Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biru Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - King-Chi Chan
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nai-Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Robert Z Qi
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Joshi J, Patel H, Bhavnagari H, Tarapara B, Pandit A, Shah F. Eliminating Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Oral Cancer by Targeting Elementary Signaling Pathways. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:65-82. [PMID: 37199303 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022047207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a heterogeneous, aggressive, and complex entity. Current major treatment options for the disease are surgery, chemo, and/or radiotherapy either alone or in combination with each other. Each treatment method has its own limitations such as a significant journey with deformities and a protracted rehabilitation process leading to loss of self-esteem, loss of tolerance, and therapeutic side effects. Conventional therapies are frequently experienced with regimen resistance and recurrence attributed to the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Given that CSCs exert their tumorigenesis by affecting several cellular and molecular targets and pathways an improved understanding of CSCs' actions is required. Hence, more research is recommended to fully understand the fundamental mechanisms driving CSC-mediated treatment resistance. Despite the difficulties and disagreements surrounding the removal of CSCs from solid tumors, a great amount of knowledge has been derived from the characterization of CSCs. Various efforts have been made to identify the CSCs using several cell surface markers. In the current review, we will discuss numerous cell surface markers such as CD44, ALDH1, EPCAM, CD24, CD133, CD271, CD90, and Cripto-1 for identifying and isolating CSCs from primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Further, a spectrum of embryonic signaling pathways has been thought to be the main culprit of CSCs' active state in cancers, resulting in conventional therapeutic resistance. Hence, we discuss the functional and molecular bases of several signaling pathways such as the Wnt/beta;-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and Hippo pathways and their associations with disease aggressiveness. Moreover, numerous inhibitors targeting the above mentioned signaling pathways have already been identified and some of them are already undergoing clinical trials. Hence, the present review encapsulates the characterization and effectiveness of the prospective potential targeted therapies for eradicating CSCs in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna Joshi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Patel
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomi Tarapara
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apexa Pandit
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Kumbar VM, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG, Shwetha HR, Kugaji MS, Peram MR, Dindawar S. Cancer Stem Cell Traits in Tumor Spheres Derived from Primary Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:247-254. [PMID: 34759681 PMCID: PMC8525812 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_252_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer stem cells (CSCs) belong to a subpopulation of undifferentiated cells present within tumors that have the potential to regenerate, differentiate, maintenance of pluripotency, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an innate host. These can influence the growth and behavior of these tumors and are used to investigate the initiation, progression, and treatment strategies of laryngeal cancer. Research on CSC science and targeted therapies were hinge on their isolation and/or enrichment procedures. The object of the study is to isolate cancer stem cells from primary laryngeal carcinoma (CSCPLC) by tumor spheres enrichment. We checked the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Materials and Methods We performed tumor sphere formation assay (primary, secondary, and tertiary) chemotherapy resistance by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were performed to evaluate the CSC cells. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+, CD44+) and gene expression of stem cell markers for CD133+, CD44+, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG was done using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results We were able to isolated CSC subpopulations from PLC cell lines by the tumor sphere method. These cells exhibited good primary, secondary, and tertiary tumor sphere formation efficiency and also disclosed a resistant index of more than 2. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+ and CD44+) confirms the presence of CSC. There was significantly higher mRNA expression of stem cell markers in CSC enriched subpopulations compared to the parental cell lines. Conclusion We conclude that tumor spheres enrichment is an efficient, economical, and reliable approach for the isolation and characterization of CSC from PLC cell lines. These cells demonstrated the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mahadev Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Uday M Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India
| | - H R Shwetha
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's N. G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hubballi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Dindawar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maratha Mandal's N. G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Aditya J, Smiline Girija AS, Paramasivam A, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J. Genetic alterations in Wnt family of genes and their putative association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Genomics Inform 2021; 19:e5. [PMID: 33840169 PMCID: PMC8042306 DOI: 10.5808/gi.20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most frequent type of head and neck cancer that usually arises from the mucosal surfaces of several organs including nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway correlates with oncogenesis in various tissues including breast, colon, pancreatic as well as head and neck cancers. The present study aims to assess the gene alterations in the Wnt family of genes so as to derive an association with HNSCC. Computational approaches have been utilized for the identification of gene alterations in the Wnt family of genes. Several databases such as cBioportal, STRING, and UALCAN were used for the purpose. The frequency of alteration was high in case of Wnt family member 11 (5%). Gene amplification, deep deletions, missense and truncating mutations were observed in HNSCC patients. There was a marked difference in the gene expression profile of WNT11 between grades as well as normal samples. The survival probability measured using the Kaplan-Meier curve also presented with a significant difference among male and female subjects experiencing a low/medium level expression. The female patients showed less survival probability when compared to the male subjects. This provides the prognostic significance of the WNT11 gene in HNSCC. Taken together, the present study provides clues on the possible association of WNT11 gene alterations with HNSCC, which has to be further validated using experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jain Aditya
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - A S Smiline Girija
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - A Paramasivam
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre-Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - J Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre-Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
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Panneerselvam J, Mohandoss P, Patel R, Gillan H, Li M, Kumar K, Nguyen D, Weygant N, Qu D, Pitts K, Lightfoot S, Rao C, Houchen C, Bronze M, Chandrakesan P. DCLK1 Regulates Tumor Stemness and Cisplatin Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via ABCD-Member-4. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:24-36. [PMID: 32637578 PMCID: PMC7321820 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance cells have features similar to cancer stem cells. Elimination of these cells is an effective therapeutic strategy to clinically combat chemoresistance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we demonstrate that Doublecortin-like kinase1 (DCLK1) is the key to developing chemoresistance and associated stemness in NSCLC. DCLK1 is highly expressed in human lung adenocarcinoma and strongly correlated with stemness. Silencing DCLK1 inhibits NSCLC cell primary and secondary spheroid formation, which is the prerequisite feature of tumor stem cells. DCLK1 inhibition reduced NSCLC cell migration/invasion in vitro and induced tumor growth inhibition in vivo. NSCLC cells responded differently to cisplatin treatment; indeed, the clonogenic ability of all NSCLC cells was reduced. We found that the cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells gain the expression of DCLK1 compared with their parental control. However, DCLK1 inhibition in cisplatin-resistance NSCLC cells reverses the tumor cell resistance to cisplatin and reduced tumor self-renewal ability. Specifically, we found that DCLK1-mediated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC is via an ABC subfamily member 4 (ABCD4)-dependent mechanism. Our data demonstrate that increased expression of DCLK1 is associated with chemoresistance and enhanced cancer stem cell-like features in NSCLC. Targeting DCLK1 using gene knockdown/knockout strategies alone or in combination with cisplatin may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Panneerselvam
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hamza Gillan
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kirtana Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - DangHuy Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kamille Pitts
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stanley Lightfoot
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chinthalapally Rao
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney Houchen
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael Bronze
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
- Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Kumbar VM, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG, Shwetha H.R., Kugaji MS, Peram MR. Indirect Immunofluorescence and Tumorspheres Enrichment Technique for Identifying Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Cancer Cell Lines From Primary Oral Cancer Tissues: An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820941379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be responsible for drug resistance and cancer relapse in the treatment of cancer. Identification and isolation of CSCs and study of their properties will play a crucial role in developing an effective drug against these targets. The aim of the study was to isolate CSCs from primary cancer by the tumorspheres enrichment method, to confirm by indirect immunofluorescence and gene expression of stem cell markers by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, we enriched oral CSCs through tumorsphere formation assay from seven primary cultures of OSCC patients with defined serum media. The expression and localization of the cell surface markers of CD133 and CD44 were tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Gene expression of stem cell markers such as CD44, CD133, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog were quantified by RT-PCR technique. One-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze gene expression. Results: Tumorsphere formation has been used to isolate the CSCs from the OSCC tissue culture. Both CD133 and CD44 antibody confirmed the presence of CSCs through indirect immunofluorescence. In comparison to parental cell lines, the expression levels of CD133, CD44, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog stem cell were significantly higher in CSC-enriched subpopulations. Conclusions: The cost-effective spheroid enrichment and the indirect immunofluorescence methods are useful for the isolation of CSCs from the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M. Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G Halgekar Institute of Dental, Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University (Formerly Known as B V Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology), BVB Campus, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday M. Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University (Formerly Known as B V Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology), BVB Campus, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G. Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G Halgekar Institute of Dental, Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shwetha H.R.
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal’s N G Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar S. Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G Halgekar Institute of Dental, Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University (Formerly Known as B V Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology), BVB Campus, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G Halgekar Institute of Dental, Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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8
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Cancer stem cells and oral cancer: insights into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:113. [PMID: 32280305 PMCID: PMC7137421 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a little population of cancer cells, which have features as the same as the cells normal stem cells. There is enough knowledge of the CSCs responsibility for metastasis, medicine resistance, and cancer outbreak. Therefore, CSCs control possibly provides an efficient treatment intervention inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. In spite of the significance of targeting CSCs in treating cancer, few study comprehensively explored the nature of oral CSCs. It has been showed that oral CSCs are able to contribute to oral cancer progression though activation/inhibition a sequences of cellular and molecular pathways (microRNA network, histone modifications and calcium regulation). Hence, more understanding about the properties of oral cancers and their behaviors will help us to develop new therapeutic platforms. Head and neck CSCs remain a viable and intriguing option for targeted therapy. Multiple investigations suggested the major contribution of the CSCs to the metastasis, tumorigenesis, and resistance to the new therapeutic regimes. Therefore, experts in the field are examining the encouraging targeted therapeutic choices. In spite of the advancements, there are not enough information in this area and thus a magic bullet for targeting and eliminating the CSCs deviated us. Hence, additional investigations on the combined therapies against the head and neck CSCs could offer considerable achievements. The present research is a review of the recent information on oral CSCs, and focused on current advancements in new signaling pathways contributed to their stemness regulation. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic approaches against oral CSCs.
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9
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Lepore S, Lettini G, Condelli V, Sisinni L, Piscazzi A, Simeon V, Zoppoli P, Pedicillo MC, Natalicchio MI, Pietrafesa M, Landriscina M. Comparative Gene Expression Profiling of Tobacco-Associated HPV-Positive versus Negative Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:112-124. [PMID: 31929745 PMCID: PMC6945558 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.35133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HPV-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are specific biological and clinical entities, characterized by a more favorable prognosis compared to HPV-negative OSCCs and occurring generally in non-smoking and non-drinking younger individuals. However, poor information is available on the molecular and the clinical behavior of HPV-positive oral cancers occurring in smoking/drinking subjects. Thus, this study was designed to compare, at molecular level, two OSCC cell lines, both derived from drinking and smoking individuals and differing for presence/absence of HPV infection. Methods: HPV-negative UPCI-SCC-131 and HPV16-positive UPCI-SCC-154 cell lines were compared by whole genome gene expression profiling and subsequently studied for activation of Wnt/βCatenin signaling pathway by the expression of several Wnt-target genes, βCatenin intracellular localization, stem cell features and miRNA let-7e. Gene expression data were validated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) public datasets. Results: Gene expression analysis identified Wnt/βCatenin pathway as the unique signaling pathway more active in HPV-negative compared to HPV-positive OSCC cells and this observation was confirmed upon evaluation of several Wnt-target genes (i.e., Cyclin D1, Cdh1, Cdkn2a, Cd44, Axin2, c-Myc and Tcf1). Interestingly, HPV-negative OSCC cells showed higher levels of total βCatenin and its active form, increase of its nuclear accumulation and more prominent stem cell traits. Furthermore, miRNA let-7e was identified as potential upstream regulator responsible for the downregulation of Wnt/βCatenin signaling cascade since its silencing in UPCI-SCC-154 cell resulted in upregulation of Wnt-target genes. Finally, the analysis of two independent gene expression public datasets of human HNSCC cell lines and tumors confirmed that Wnt/βCatenin pathway is more active in HPV-negative compared to HPV-positive tumors derived from individuals with smoking habit. Conclusions: These data suggest that lack of HPV infection is associated with more prominent activation of Wnt/βCatenin signaling pathway and gain of stem-like traits in tobacco-related OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lepore
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lettini
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valentina Condelli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Annamaria Piscazzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Pedicillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine; University of Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Michele Pietrafesa
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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10
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Pai S, Bamodu OA, Lin YK, Lin CS, Chu PY, Chien MH, Wang LS, Hsiao M, Yeh CT, Tsai JT. CD47-SIRPα Signaling Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stemness and Links to a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121658. [PMID: 31861233 PMCID: PMC6952929 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with high mortality rates, is one of the most diagnosed head and neck cancers. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two keys for therapy-resistance, relapse, and distant metastasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)47 is associated with cell-death evasion and metastasis; however, the role of CD47 in the generation of CSCs in OSCC is not clear. Methods: We investigated the functional roles of CD47 in OSCC cell lines SAS, TW2.6, HSC-3, and FaDu using the bioinformatics approach, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and assays for cellular migration, invasion, colony, and orosphere formation, as well as radiosensitivity. Results: We demonstrated increased expression of CD47 in OSCC patients was associated with an estimated poorly survival disadvantage (p = 0.0391) and positively correlated with the expression of pluripotency factors. Silencing CD47 significantly suppressed cell viability and orosphere formation, accompanied by a downregulated expression of CD133, SRY-Box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), and c-Myc. In addition, CD47-silenced OSCC cells showed reduced EMT, migration, and clonogenicity reflected by increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin, Slug, Snail, and N-cadherin expression. Conclusion: Of therapeutic relevance, CD47 knockdown enhanced the anti-OSCC effect of radiotherapy. Collectively, we showed an increased CD47 expression promoted the generation of CSCs and malignant OSCC phenotypes. Silencing CD47, in combination with radiation, could provide an alternative and improved therapeutic efficacy for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Pai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (S.P.); (C.-S.L.); (M.-H.C.); (L.-S.W.)
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint Martin de Porres Hospital, Chaiyi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Biostatistics Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (S.P.); (C.-S.L.); (M.-H.C.); (L.-S.W.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (S.P.); (C.-S.L.); (M.-H.C.); (L.-S.W.)
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (S.P.); (C.-S.L.); (M.-H.C.); (L.-S.W.)
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (S.P.); (C.-S.L.); (M.-H.C.); (L.-S.W.)
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.Y.); (J.-T.T.); Tel.: +886-2-249-0088 (ext. 8881) (C.-T.Y.); +886-2-249-0088 (ext. 8885) (J.-T.T.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (C.-T.Y. & J.-T.T.)
| | - Jo-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (S.P.); (C.-S.L.); (M.-H.C.); (L.-S.W.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.Y.); (J.-T.T.); Tel.: +886-2-249-0088 (ext. 8881) (C.-T.Y.); +886-2-249-0088 (ext. 8885) (J.-T.T.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (C.-T.Y. & J.-T.T.)
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11
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Zhong JT, Yu Q, Zhou SH, Yu E, Bao YY, Lu ZJ, Fan J. GLUT-1 siRNA Enhances Radiosensitization Of Laryngeal Cancer Stem Cells Via Enhanced DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Redistribution, And Promotion Of Apoptosis In Vitro And In Vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9129-9142. [PMID: 31806998 PMCID: PMC6842317 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy does not show good efficacy against laryngeal cancer due to radioresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered among the causes of radioresistance. Inhibition of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) using GLUT-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) may enhance the radiosensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods The CD133+-Hep-2R cell line was established with repeated irradiation and magnetic-activated cell sorting. The effects of irradiation on CD133+-Hep-2R cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting. The effects of GLUT-1 siRNA on the radiosensitivity of CD133+-Hep-2/2R cells were examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay in vitro and in a xenograft tumor model in nude mice. The cellular mechanism of enhanced radiosensitivity associated with GLUT-1 siRNA was investigated. The cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the repair capability was examined by determining the levels of RAD51 and DNA-PKcs. Results CD133+-Hep-2/2R cells showed stronger proliferation, lower apoptosis rate, lower percentage of G0/G1 phase cells, higher percentages of S and G2/M phase cells, and higher expression levels of GLUT-1 than Hep-2/2R cells. Transfection with GLUT-1 siRNA inhibited the proliferation and invasive capability of CD133+-Hep-2R cells by inhibiting GLUT-1 expression, which also caused a redistribution of the cell cycle (higher proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and lower proportion in the S and G2/M phases), increased the apoptosis rate, and reduced DNA repair capability by suppressing RAD51 and DNA-PKcs expression. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that GLUT-1 siRNA can enhance the radiosensitivity of CD133+-Hep-2R cells by inducing a redistribution of cell cycle phases, inhibiting DNA repair capability, and increasing apoptosis. Inhibition of GLUT-1 may have therapeutic potential for interventions to increase the radiosensitivity of laryngeal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Er Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Jie Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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12
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Chen D, Wang CY. Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:152-165. [PMID: 31598386 PMCID: PMC6770277 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the sixth
most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery,
radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or combinatorial therapies. However, the overall
5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients remains at about 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a
small population among tumor cells, are able to self-renew and differentiate into
different tumor cell types in a hierarchical manner, similar to normal tissue. In HNSCC,
CSCs are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug
resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular
characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC. We summarize current approaches used in the literature
for identification of HNSCC CSCs, and mechanisms required for CSC regulation. We also
highlight the role of CSCs in treatment failure and therapeutic targeting options for
eliminating CSCs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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13
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Sun Y, Yan L, Guo J, Shao J, Jia R. Downregulation of SRSF3 by antisense oligonucleotides sensitizes oral squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1133-1143. [PMID: 31515668 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in the chemotherapy of many cancers, including breast cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, many patients respond poorly to PTX treatment. The SRSF3 oncogene and several splicing factors play important roles in OSCC tumorigenesis. This study aimed to understand the function of splicing factors in PTX treatment and improve the therapeutic effects of PTX treatment. METHODS Splicing factors regulated by PTX treatment were screened in CAL 27 cell by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The function of SRSF3 in PTX treatment was analyzed by gain-of-function or loss-of-function assay in OSCC cell lines CAL 27 and SCC-9 and breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Alternative splicing of SRSF3 exon 4 in cancer tissues or cells was analyzed by RT-PCR and online program TSVdb. SRSF3-specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) SR-3 was used to downregulate SRSF3 expression and enhance the effect of PTX treatment. RESULTS PTX treatment decreased SRSF3 expression, and SRSF3 overexpression rescued the growth inhibition caused by PTX in both OSCC and breast cancer cells. Moreover, we found that PTX treatment could repress SRSF3 exon 4 (containing an in-frame stop codon) exclusion and then decrease the SRSF3 protein expression. Increased exclusion of SRSF3 exon 4 is correlated with poor survival in OSCC and breast cancer patients. SR-3 downregulated SRSF3 protein expression and significantly increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to PTX treatment. CONCLUSIONS SRSF3 downregulation by ASO sensitizes cancer cells to PTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Shao
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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A novel reporter construct for screening small molecule inhibitors that specifically target self-renewing cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111551. [PMID: 31401066 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells, which possess self-renewal ability, and lead to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Live detection and isolation of CSCs are important to understand the biology of CSCs as well as to screen drugs that target them. Even though CSCs are detected using surface markers, there is a lot of inconsistencies for that in a given cancer type. At the same time, self-renewal markers like ALDH1A1, OCT4A and SOX2, which are intracellular molecules, are reliable markers for CSCs in different cancers. In the present study, we generated a reporter construct for self-renewing CSCs, based on ALDH1A1 expression. Oral cancer cells harboring ALDH1A1-DsRed2 were used to screen inhibitors that target CSCs. Our results showed that Comb1, a cocktail of inhibitors for EGF and TGF-β pathways and their intermediates, effectively reduced the DsRed2 population to 34%. Our immunohistochemical analysis on primary oral cancer corroborated the importance of EGF and TGF-β pathways in sustaining CSCs. Since these two pathways are also critical for the self-renewal and differentiation of normal stem cells, Comb1 might abolish them as well. On analysis of the effect of Comb1 on normal murine bone marrow cells, there was no significant change in the stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential in the treated group compared to untreated cells. To conclude, we claim that ALDH1A1-DsRed2 is a useful tool to detect CSCs, and Comb1 is effective in targeting CSCs without affecting normal stem cells.
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15
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Shin KH, Kim RH. An Updated Review of Oral Cancer Stem Cells and Their Stemness Regulation. Crit Rev Oncog 2019; 23:189-200. [PMID: 30311574 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2018027501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs; also known as tumor-initiating cells) are a small population of cancer cells that retain characteristics similar to those of normal stem cells. CSCs are known to be responsible for metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer recurrence. Thus, controlling CSCs may provide an effective therapeutic intervention that inhibits tumor growth and aggressiveness. Despite the importance of targeting CSCs in cancer therapy, the detailed nature of oral CSCs remains underexplored. This article reviews the current understanding of oral CSCs, with emphasis on recent advances in novel signaling pathways involved in their stemness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyuk Shin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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16
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050732. [PMID: 31137841 PMCID: PMC6562442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and maintain tumor growth, and they are considered to be the main drivers of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. While conventional chemotherapy can eradicate the majority of non-CSC tumor cells, CSCs are often drug-resistant, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The heterogeneity of CSCs is the main challenge in developing CSC-targeting therapy; therefore, we and other investigators have focused on developing novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional chemotherapy with inhibitors of CSC-regulating pathways. Encouraging preclinical findings have suggested that CSC pathway blockade can indeed enhance cellular sensitivity to non-targeted conventional therapy, and this work has led to several ongoing clinical trials of CSC pathway inhibitors. Our studies in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a crucial role of YAP1, a transcriptional regulator of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, in regulating CSC phenotypes. Moreover, using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, we showed that inhibition of YAP1 enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by attenuating CSC stemness features. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting CSCs in several cancers and discuss the potential and challenges of the approach.
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17
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Le PN, Keysar SB, Miller B, Eagles JR, Chimed TS, Reisinger J, Gomez KE, Nieto C, Jackson BC, Somerset HL, Morton JJ, Wang XJ, Jimeno A. Wnt signaling dynamics in head and neck squamous cell cancer tumor-stroma interactions. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:398-410. [PMID: 30378175 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Wnt pathway activation maintains the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype and promotes tumor progression, making it an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy. Wnt signaling at the tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) front have not been investigated in depth in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a cohort of 48 HNSCCs, increased Wnt signaling, including Wnt genes (AXIN2, LGR6, WISP1) and stem cell factors (RET, SOX5, KIT), were associated with a more advanced clinical stage. Key Wnt pathway proteins were most abundant at the cancer epithelial-stromal boundary. To investigate these observations, we generated three pairs of cancer-cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) cell lines derived from the same HNSCC patients. 3D co-culture of cancer spheres and CAFs mimicked these in vivo interactions, and using these we observed increased expression of Wnt genes (eg, WNT3A, WNT7A, WNT16) in both compartments. Of these Wnt ligands, we found Wnt3a, and less consistently Wnt16, activated Wnt signaling in both cancer cells and CAFs. Wnt activation increased CSC characteristics like sphere formation and invasiveness, which was further regulated by the presence of CAFs. Time lapse microscopy also revealed preferential Wnt activation of cancer cells. Wnt inhibitors, OMP-18R5 and OMP-54F28, significantly reduced growth of HNSCC patient-derived xenografts and suppressed Wnt activation at the tumor epithelial-stromal boundary. Taken together, our findings suggest that Wnt signaling is initiated in cancer cells which then activate CAFs, and in turn perpetuate a paracrine signaling loop. This suggests that targeting Wnt signaling in the TME is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephen B Keysar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bettina Miller
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin R Eagles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tugs-Saikhan Chimed
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie Reisinger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Karina E Gomez
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cera Nieto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brian C Jackson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - John J Morton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, UCDSOM, Aurora, Colorado.,Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, Colorado.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, Colorado.,Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, Colorado
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18
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Lin CS, Bamodu OA, Kuo KT, Huang CM, Liu SC, Wang CH, Tzeng YM, Chao TY, Yeh CT. Investigation of ovatodiolide, a macrocyclic diterpenoid, as a potential inhibitor of oral cancer stem-like cells properties via the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3/JARID1B signal circuit. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:93-103. [PMID: 30097127 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to play key roles in the oral cancer initiation, distant metastasis, the development of chemoresistance and recurrence after treatment. Therefore, the inhibition of oral CSCs has been the target for therapeutic development. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the anti-CSCs potential of Ovatodiolide (Ova), a diterpenoid isolate of Anisomeles indica, in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Oral CSCs were treated with Ova, and the expression of pluripotency factors Oct4, Sox-2, and Nanog were evaluated by western blot. Effect of Ova on self-renewal capacity and clonogenicity were assessed with the sphere formation and clonogenic assay in CSCs model derived from oral cancer cell. The effect of Ova was also investigated in a mouse xenograft model obtained by injecting nude mice with oral CSCs cells. RESULTS We demonstrated that Ova significantly and dose-dependently suppressed oral cancer cell viability and colony formation; Ova markedly inhibited the ALDH1 activities and reduced the CD44high/ALDHrich cell sub-population. Additionally, Ova suppressed orosphere formation by down-regulating CD133, Klf4, Oct4A, Nanog and JARID1B expression. Furthermore, Ova-mediated anti-cancer effects were associated with the dose-dependent reduction in the expression levels of STAT3, p-STAT3, pJAK2, pAKT and pERK1/2 protein. Moreover, Ova synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of cisplatin against the SAS, FaDu, HSC-3 and TW2.6 orospheres. Ova significantly attenuated the tumor-initiating potential of orosphere in mouse xegnograft model. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that Ova effectively suppressed oral tumorigenesis and stemness properties via JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Ova may be considered for future clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- Center for General Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
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19
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Yang D, Zhang W, Liu Y, Liang J, Zhang T, Bai Y, Hao W, Ma K, Lu D, Chen J. Single-cell whole-genome sequencing identifies human papillomavirus integration in cervical tumour cells prior to and following radiotherapy. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9633-9640. [PMID: 29928338 PMCID: PMC6004640 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing technology is a promising systematic and comprehensive approach to delineate clonal associations between cells. The present study collected 13 and 12 cervical cells from fresh tumour tissue prior to and following radiotherapy, respectively, from a 46-year-old female patient with exogenous-type cervical carcinoma. Next, single-cell whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed on each cell. Examination revealed that normal cells could be clearly distinguished from tumour cells among the 25 cells. Tumour cells prior to and following radiotherapy almost represented two independent clones, with the main subpopulation prior to radiotherapy being killed and the minor subpopulation prior to radiotherapy becoming the main subpopulation following radiotherapy. A human papillomavirus (HPV) integration site was detected in POU class 5 homeobox 1B (POU5F1B) in tumour cells following radiotherapy, which has been reported to be a frequent HPV integration site in cervical carcinoma. These results indicate that tumour cells with HPV integration in POU5F1B survive radiotherapy, and that tumour cells prior to and following radiotherapy exhibit distinct characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Department of Gynaecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Yunbo Bai
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Ma
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Danni Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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20
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Dai J, Miller MA, Everetts NJ, Wang X, Li P, Li Y, Xu JH, Yao G. Elimination of quiescent slow-cycling cells via reducing quiescence depth by natural compounds purified from Ganoderma lucidum. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13770-13781. [PMID: 28099150 PMCID: PMC5355137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and shown effective in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. Here we studied the cytotoxic effects of two natural compounds purified from Ganoderma lucidum, ergosterol peroxide and ganodermanondiol. We found that these two compounds exhibited cytotoxicity not only against fast proliferating cells, but on quiescent, slow-cycling cells. Using a fibroblast cell-quiescence model, we found that the cytotoxicity on quiescent cells was due to induced apoptosis, and was associated with a shallower quiescent state in compound-treated cells, resultant from the increased basal activity of an Rb-E2F bistable switch that controls quiescence exit. Accordingly, we showed that quiescent breast cancer cells (MCF7), compared to its non-transformed counterpart (MCF10A), were preferentially killed by ergosterol peroxide and ganodermanondiol treatment presumably due to their already less stable quiescent state. The cytotoxic effect of natural Ganoderma lucidum compounds against quiescent cells, preferentially on quiescent cancer cells vs. non-cancer cells, may help future antitumor development against the slow-cycling cancer cell subpopulations including cancer stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Matthew A Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nicholas J Everetts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Li
- Fujian Xianzhilou Biological Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guang Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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21
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Siddappa G, Kulsum S, Ravindra DR, Kumar VV, Raju N, Raghavan N, Sudheendra HV, Sharma A, Sunny SP, Jacob T, Kuruvilla BT, Benny M, Antony B, Seshadri M, Lakshminarayan P, Hicks W, Suresh A, Kuriakose MA. Curcumin and metformin-mediated chemoprevention of oral cancer is associated with inhibition of cancer stem cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2446-2460. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangotri Siddappa
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Head and Neck Oncology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Safeena Kulsum
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- School of Biosciences and Technology; VIT University; Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - Doddathimmasandra Ramanjanappa Ravindra
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Vinay V. Kumar
- Department of Oral Surgery; Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Nalini Raju
- Department of Histopathology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Nisheena Raghavan
- Department of Histopathology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Holalugunda Vittalamurthy Sudheendra
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Anupam Sharma
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory; GROW Laboratory; Narayana Nethralaya; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Sumsum P. Sunny
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Head and Neck Oncology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Tina Jacob
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | | | - Merina Benny
- Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd.; Alwaye, Kochi Kerala India
| | - Benny Antony
- Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd.; Alwaye, Kochi Kerala India
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
| | - Padma Lakshminarayan
- Department of Pharmacology; Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Wesley Hicks
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
- Department of Head and Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
| | - Moni A. Kuriakose
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Head and Neck Oncology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
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22
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Reid PA, Wilson P, Li Y, Marcu LG, Bezak E. Current understanding of cancer stem cells: Review of their radiobiology and role in head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ambrose Reid
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Puthenparampil Wilson
- School of Engineering; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Department of Medical Physics; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide Australia
| | - Yanrui Li
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Loredana Gabriela Marcu
- School of Physical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Faculty of Science; University of Oradea; Oradea Romania
| | - Eva Bezak
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- School of Physical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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23
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). CSCs possess the ability for perpetual self-renewal and proliferation, producing downstream progenitor cells and cancer cells that drive tumor growth. Studies of many cancer types including OCSCC have identified CSCs using specific markers, but it is still unclear as to where in the stem cell hierarchy these markers fall. This is compounded further by the presence of multiple CSC subtypes within OCSCC, making investigation reliant on the use of multiple markers. This review examines the current knowledge in CSC markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ALDH1, phosphorylated STAT3, CD44, CD24, CD133, and Musashi-1, specifically focusing on their use and validity in OCSCC CSC research and how they may be organized into the CSC hierarchy. OCSCC CSCs also express components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which suggests CSCs may be novel therapeutic targets by modulation of the RAS using existing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranui Baillie
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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24
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Jiajia Q, Yan S, Changqing Y, Wenjing J, Han Z, Yuanpan C, Qiuyan L. [Clinical significance of CD44 and CD133 expression in oral potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:311-316. [PMID: 28675018 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the expression and relationship of CD44 and CD133 in normal oral mucosa, oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This work also analyzes the relationship between such expression and clinical factors. This study intends to evaluate the clinical value of using CD44 and CD133 as indices to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of OPMD. METHODS Clinical data from 60 patients with OPMD, 60 patients with OSCC, and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were analyzed. Double immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the expression of CD44 and CD133 in paraffin sections of normal oral mucosa, OPMD, and OSCC tissues. Subsequently, the relationships between such expression and clinical factors were analyzed. RESULTS The positive rates of CD44 expression in the normal oral mucosa, OPMD, and OSCC tissues were 100.00%, 96.67%, and 71.67% (P<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of CD133 expression in the normal oral mucosa, OPMD, and OSCC tissues were 0.00%, 35.00%, and 63.33% (P<0.05), respectively. The expression of CD44 and CD133 was found to be correlated (P<0.05). Such expression was related to the clinical stages and lymphatic metastasis of OSCC (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS CD44 and CD133 can be used individually as clinical indices to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiajia
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Sun Yan
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuan Changqing
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jiang Wenjing
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Dept. of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Cao Yuanpan
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Liu Qiuyan
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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25
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Application of single-cell technology in cancer research. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:443-449. [PMID: 28390874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we have outlined the application of single-cell technology in cancer research. Single-cell technology has made encouraging progress in recent years and now provides the means to detect rare cancer cells such as circulating tumor cells and cancer stem cells. We reveal how this technology has advanced the analysis of intratumor heterogeneity and tumor epigenetics, and guided individualized treatment strategies. The future prospects now are to bring single-cell technology into the clinical arena. We believe that the clinical application of single-cell technology will be beneficial in cancer diagnostics and treatment, and ultimately improve survival in cancer patients.
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26
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Zhang Z, Duan Q, Zhao H, Liu T, Wu H, Shen Q, Wang C, Yin T. Gemcitabine treatment promotes pancreatic cancer stemness through the Nox/ROS/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling cascade. Cancer Lett 2016; 382:53-63. [PMID: 27576197 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapy drug for advanced pancreatic cancer, has shown limited benefits because of profound chemoresistance. However, the mechanism involved remains unclear. Cancer stem cells exhibit great tumorigenicity and are closely correlated with drug resistance and tumor relapse. In this study, we demonstrated that certain doses of gemcitabine increased the ratios of CD24+ and CD133+ cells and the expression of stemness-associated genes such as Bmi1, Nanog, and Sox2. The enhancement of stemness after gemcitabine treatment was accompanied by increased cell migration, chemoresistance, and tumorigenesis. Moreover, we found that gemcitabine promoted the binding of phosphorylated STAT3 to the promoter of Bmi1, Nanog, and Sox2 genes. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 partially reversed gemcitabine-induced sphere formation, migration, chemoresistance, and tumor relapse. We also demonstrated that the activation of STAT3 and gemcitabine-enhanced stemness was NADPH oxidase (Nox)-generated, ROS-dependent, and NF-κB partially mediated the process. Together, our results suggest a pivotal role of pancreatic cancer stem cells in developing chemoresistance toward gemcitabine treatment through the Nox/ROS/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings will provide new insight for identifying potential targets that can be used to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Qingke Duan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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27
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Aminuddin A, Ng PY. Promising Druggable Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Wnt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:244. [PMID: 27570510 PMCID: PMC4982242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling pathway, also known as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway correlates with oncogenesis in various tissues including breast, colon, pancreatic as well as head and neck cancers. Furthermore, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway has also been described as one of the critical signaling pathways for regulation of normal stem cells as well as cancer cells with stem cell-like features, termed cancer stem cells (CSC). In this review, we will briefly describe the basic mechanisms of Wnt signaling pathway and its crucial roles in the normal regulation of cellular processes as well as in the development of cancer. Next, we will highlight the roles of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the regulation of CSC properties namely self-renewal, differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance abilities, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we will examine the findings of several recent studies which explore druggable targets in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway which could be valuable to improve the treatment outcome for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnani Aminuddin
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Honokiol inhibits sphere formation and xenograft growth of oral cancer side population cells accompanied with JAK/STAT signaling pathway suppression and apoptosis induction. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:245. [PMID: 27012679 PMCID: PMC4806492 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eliminating cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been suggested for prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Honokiol, an active compound of Magnolia officinalis, had been proposed to be a potential candidate drug for cancer treatment. We explored its effects on the elimination of oral CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Methods By using the Hoechst side population (SP) technique, CSCs-like SP cells were isolated from human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, SAS and OECM-1. Effects of honokiol on the apoptosis and signaling pathways of SP-derived spheres were examined by Annexin V/Propidium iodide staining and Western blotting, respectively. The in vivo effectiveness was examined by xenograft mouse model and immunohistochemical tissue staining. Results The SP cells possessed higher stemness marker expression (ABCG2, Ep-CAM, Oct-4 and Nestin), clonogenicity, sphere formation capacity as well as tumorigenicity when compared to the parental cells. Treatment of these SP-derived spheres with honokiol resulted in apoptosis induction via Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3-dependent pathway. This apoptosis induction was associated with marked suppression of JAK2/STAT3, Akt and Erk signaling pathways in honokiol-treated SAS spheres. Consistent with its effect on JAK2/STAT3 suppression, honokiol also markedly inhibited IL-6-mediated migration of SAS cells. Accordingly, honokiol dose-dependently inhibited the growth of SAS SP xenograft and markedly reduced the immunohistochemical staining of PCNA and endothelial marker CD31 in the xenograft tumor. Conclusions Honokiol suppressed the sphere formation and xenograft growth of oral CSC-like cells in association with apoptosis induction and inhibition of survival/proliferation signaling pathways as well as angiogenesis. These results suggest its potential as an integrative medicine for combating oral cancer through targeting on CSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2265-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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29
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CD44 high CD24 low molecular signature determines the Cancer Stem Cell and EMT phenotype in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:405-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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30
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Boo L, Ho WY, Ali NM, Yeap SK, Ky H, Chan KG, Yin WF, Satharasinghe DA, Liew WC, Tan SW, Ong HK, Cheong SK. MiRNA Transcriptome Profiling of Spheroid-Enriched Cells with Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Human Breast MCF-7 Cell Line. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:427-45. [PMID: 27019627 PMCID: PMC4807162 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide as most patients often suffer cancer relapse. The reason is often attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent studies revealed that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) are closely linked to breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, no specific study has comprehensively characterised the CSC characteristic and miRNA transcriptome in spheroid-enriched breast cells. This study described the generation of spheroid MCF-7 cell in serum-free condition and the comprehensive characterisation for their CSC properties. Subsequently, miRNA expression differences between the spheroid-enriched CSC cells and their parental cells were evaluated using next generation sequencing (NGS). Our results showed that the MCF-7 spheroid cells were enriched with CSCs properties, indicated by the ability to self-renew, increased expression of CSCs markers, and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, spheroid-enriched CSCs possessed greater cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and wound healing ability. A total of 134 significantly (p<0.05) differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between spheroids and parental cells using miRNA-NGS. MiRNA-NGS analysis revealed 25 up-regulated and 109 down-regulated miRNAs which includes some miRNAs previously reported in the regulation of breast CSCs. A number of miRNAs (miR-4492, miR-4532, miR-381, miR-4508, miR-4448, miR-1296, and miR-365a) which have not been previously reported in breast cancer were found to show potential association with breast cancer chemoresistance and self-renewal capability. The gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the predicted genes were enriched in the regulation of metabolic processes, gene expression, DNA binding, and hormone receptor binding. The corresponding pathway analyses inferred from the GO results were closely related to the function of signalling pathway, self-renewability, chemoresistance, tumorigenesis, cytoskeletal proteins, and metastasis in breast cancer. Based on these results, we proposed that certain miRNAs identified in this study could be used as new potential biomarkers for breast cancer stem cell diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Boo
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Huynh Ky
- 4. Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, 84071, Vietnam
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- 5. Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Fong Yin
- 5. Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.; 6. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Woan Charn Liew
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- 3. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Cheras, Malaysia;; 7. Cryocord Sdn Bhd, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, 63000 Cyberjaya, Malaysia
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31
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Ren ZH, Zhang CP, Ji T. Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1973-1979. [PMID: 26998109 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are a growing problem in the world. The various existing treatments have not markedly improved the survival rate of patients with OSCC during the past three decades. Novel treatment strategies are required. Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency and in multiple developmental processes. SOX2 expression was indicated to act as a prognostic factor in various types of tumors, including breast, colorectal, gastric and lung cancer and glioblastoma, and as a link between malignancy and stemness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for the genesis, growth and metastatic spread of tumors. The poor survival outcomes for OSCC patients may be attributable to a poor selection of target cells for treatment, as current oral cancer therapies are generally aimed at the global mass of tumor. Therefore, the consideration that novel approaches to oral cancer may be targeted using SOX2 and CSCs appears reasonable. In order to better understand the oncogenic roles and the corresponding signal transduction pathways of the SOX2 protein, the present study emphasizes the role of SOX2 in OSCC, including the proteins associated with OSCC, and reviews the literature regarding the role of SOX2 in lymph node metastasis. The aim of the present study is to provide a reference for future studies that engage in research on the aforementioned subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hu Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Wang H, Yang M, Lin L, Ren H, Lin C, Lin S, Shen G, Ji B, Meng C. HepG2 cells acquire stem cell-like characteristics after immune cell stimulation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 39:35-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Viale-Bouroncle S, Klingelhöffer C, Ettl T, Morsczeck C. The WNT inhibitor APCDD1 sustains the expression of β-catenin during the osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:314-7. [PMID: 25592970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In hair follicle cells APCDD1 inhibits the canonical WNT/β-Catenin pathway and its inactivation is associated with an autosomal dominant form of hair loss. We analyzed the role of APCDD1 for the osteogenic differentiation in dental follicle cells (DFCs) and identified a new and surprising function. Contrarily to hair follicle cells APCDD1 was crucial for the expression of β-Catenin and for the activity of the TCF/LEF reporter assay in DFCs. In addition, a depletion of APCDD1 inhibits the expression of osteogenic markers such as RUNX2 and decreased the matrix mineralization. However, similar to hair follicle cells in previous studies a control cell culture with oral squamous carcinoma cells showed that APCDD1 inhibits the expression of β-Catenin and of typical target genes of the canonical WNT/β-Catenin pathway. In conclusion, our data disclosed an unusual role of APCDD1 in DFCs during the osteogenic differentiation. APCDD1 sustains the expression and activation of β-Catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Viale-Bouroncle
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Klingelhöffer
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Ettl
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Morsczeck
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Liu C, Liu Y, Xu XX, Wu H, Xie HG, Chen L, Lu T, Yang L, Guo X, Sun GW, Wang W, Ma XJ, He X. Potential effect of matrix stiffness on the enrichment of tumor initiating cells under three-dimensional culture conditions. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:123-34. [PMID: 25108138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) or tumor initiating cell (TIC) plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Biophysical forces in tumor microenvironment have an important effect on tumor formation and development. In this study, the potential effect of matrix stiffness on the biological characteristics of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) TICs, especially the enrichment of HNSCC TICs, was investigated under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions by means of alginate gel (ALG) beads with different matrix stiffnesses. ALG beads with soft (21 kPa), moderate (70 kPa) and hard (105 kPa) stiffness were generated by changing alginate concentration. It was found that significant HNSCC TIC enrichment was achieved in the ALG beads with moderate matrix stiffness (70 kPa). The gene expression of stemness markers Oct3/4 and Nanog, TIC markers CD44 and ABCG2 was enhanced in cells under this moderate (70 kPa) stiffness. HNSCC TIC proportion was also highly enriched under moderate matrix stiffness, accompanying with higher tumorigenicity, metastatic ability and drug resistance. And it was also found that the possible molecular mechanism underlying the regulated TIC properties by matrix stiffness under 3D culture conditions was significantly different from 2D culture condition. Therefore, the results achieved in this study indicated that 3D biophysical microenvironment had an important effect on TIC characteristics and alginate-based biomimetic scaffolds could be utilized as a proper platform to investigate the interaction between tumor cells and 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiao-xi Xu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-guo Xie
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guang-wei Sun
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiao-jun Ma
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin He
- Chemistry Department, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, 9 West section, Lvshun south road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Chen YK, Huang AHC, Lin LM. Sphere-forming-like cells (squamospheres) with cancer stem-like cell traits from VX2 rabbit buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2014; 6:212-8. [PMID: 25012868 PMCID: PMC5153585 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that spheroid type cells grown under suspension culture conditions have cancer stem cell (CSC) traits in a number of cancers, but this phenomenon has not yet been reported in the VX2 rabbit oral cancer model. Hence, this study aimed to study the spheroid cells from VX2 rabbit buccal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and assess their CSC characteristics. Five adult male New Zealand white outbred rabbits were used to generate VX2 rabbit buccal SCC. Sphere-forming cell culture was performed for the VX2 rabbit buccal SCC specimens. The self-renewal capability; cluster of designation (CD) 44, CD133, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1), Nestin, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and reduced expression protein-1 (Rex-1) expression with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); chemoresistance to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil; and in vivo tumorigenicity of spheroid cell transplantation in nude mice were evaluated to determine the CSC characteristics of the resulting spheroid cells. We successfully obtained spheroid cells from the VX2 rabbit OSCC tissues. The spheroid cells exhibited CSC traits, including the expression of CSC and stem cell markers (CD44, Bmi-1, Nestin, Oct4 and Rex-1), capacity to generate new spheroid colonies within 1 week of reseeding from single-dissociated spheroid cells, chemoresistance capacity and generation of tumour xenografts (with histological features resembling those of the original VX2 rabbit buccal SCC) from the transplantation of 103 undifferentiated spheroid cells into nude mice. In summary, we demonstrated that spheroid cells with CSC cell traits can be derived from VX2 rabbit buccal SCCs, indicating that this animal cancer model is applicable for studying CSCs in human oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Kwan Chen
- 1] Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan [2] Division of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan [3] Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Anderson Hsien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Lin
- 1] Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan [2] Division of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan [3] Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhu YT, Zhao Z, Fu XY, Luo Y, Lei CY, Chen W, Li F, Pang SY, Chen SS, Tan WL. The granulocyte macrophage–colony stimulating factor surface modified MB49 bladder cancer stem cells vaccine against metastatic bladder cancer. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:111-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Manley E, Waxman DJ. H460 non-small cell lung cancer stem-like holoclones yield tumors with increased vascularity. Cancer Lett 2014; 346:63-73. [PMID: 24334139 PMCID: PMC3947657 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells were isolated from several human tumor cell lines by limiting dilution assays and holoclone morphology, followed by assessment of self-renewal capacity, tumor growth, vascularity, and blood perfusion. H460 holoclone-derived tumors grew slower than parental H460 tumors, but displayed significantly increased microvessel density and tumor blood perfusion. Microarray analysis identified 177 differentially regulated genes in the holoclone-derived tumors, of which 47 were associated with angiogenesis. The dysregulated genes include several small leucine-rich proteoglycans that may modulate angiogenesis and serve as novel therapeutic targets for inhibiting cancer stem cell-driven angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Manley
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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38
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Clonogenicity: holoclones and meroclones contain stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89834. [PMID: 24587067 PMCID: PMC3935944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When primary cultures of normal cells are cloned, three types of colony grow, called holoclones, meroclones and paraclones. These colonies are believed to be derived from stem cells, transit-amplifying cells and differentiated cells respectively. More recently, this approach has been extended to cancer cell lines. However, we observed that meroclones from the prostate cancer cell line DU145 produce holoclones, a paradoxical observation as meroclones are thought to be derived from transit-amplifying cells. The purpose of this study was to confirm this observation and determine if both holoclones and meroclones from cancer cell lines contain stem cells. We demonstrated that both holoclones and meroclones can be serially passaged indefinitely, are highly proliferative, can self-renew to form spheres, are serially tumorigenic and express stem cell markers. This study demonstrates that the major difference between holoclones and meroclones derived from a cancer cell line is the proportion of stem cells within each colony, not the presence or absence of stem cells. These findings may reflect the properties of cancer as opposed to normal cells, perhaps indicating that the hierarchy of stem cells is more extensive in cancer.
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39
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Oliveira LR, Castilho-Fernandes A, Oliveira-Costa JP, Soares FA, Zucoloto S, Ribeiro-Silva A. CD44+/CD133+ immunophenotype and matrix metalloproteinase-9: Influence on prognosis in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 36:1718-26. [PMID: 24178866 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CD44 and/or CD133 immunophenotypes and the associated effects of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) to assess their influence on tumor prognosis. METHODS The following data were derived from 150 patients: age, sex, primary anatomic site, smoking status, alcohol intake, recurrence, metastases, histological classification, treatment, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemical study of CD44, CD133, and MMP-9 expression was performed on a tissue microarray of 150 paraffin blocks of oral SCCs. RESULTS The predominant immunophenotype identified to exhibit a significant correlation with MMP-9 was the CD44+/CD133+. Multivariate analyses identified a significant correlation of OS with surgical treatment and with CD44+/CD133+ immunophenotype. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrated the prognostic importance of CD44/CD133 expression, which can help improve the prognostic value of surgical treatment for oral SCCs when diagnosed in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinei R Oliveira
- Vale do Rio Verde University (UninCor), Tres Coraçoes, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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40
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Yamazaki H, Mori T, Yazawa M, Maeshima AM, Matsumoto F, Yoshimoto S, Ota Y, Kaneko A, Tsuda H, Kanai Y. Stem cell self-renewal factors Bmi1 and HMGA2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: clues for diagnosis. J Transl Med 2013; 93:1331-8. [PMID: 24145240 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) includes both morphological and functional cellular heterogeneity, as would be expected if it arose from dysregulated stem or progenitor cells as opposed to the simple clonal expansion of a mutated cell; however, stemness molecule expression levels and distribution in HNSCC remain unclear. To clarify this, stemness molecule expressions were determined in HNSCC, as well as their properties and prognosis. Two proto-oncogenic chromatin regulators, Bmi-1 and high-mobility-group A2 (Hmga2), were identified in 12 pair cases of HNSCC tumor regions by comparison with their non-cancerous background tissues using cDNA microarray. Both Bmi-1 and Hmga2 are known to promote stem cell self-renewal by negatively regulating the expressions of Ink4a and Arf tumor suppressors. Despite similar targets, Bmi-1 protein was expressed in an early cancerous region and HMGA2 protein was expressed in a region showing more progression. Similarly, Bmi1 expression had no significance with regard to overall survival (P=0.67), whereas HMGA2 expression was associated with decreased overall survival (P=0.05). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses also correlated with protein levels. These findings suggest that Bmi-1 is an early detection marker to distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous regions, whereas HMGA2 is presumed to be a tumor prognosis marker. Among our HNSCC analyses, these stemness molecules expressed fewer primitive rare cells in the tumor than all other cells in the tumor. HNSCC cells with high expression of stemness molecules partly behave like stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zhu YT, Lei CY, Luo Y, Liu N, He CW, Chen W, Li F, Deng YJ, Tan WL. A modified method for isolation of bladder cancer stem cells from a MB49 murine cell line. BMC Urol 2013; 13:57. [PMID: 24188098 PMCID: PMC3840686 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-13-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaccine was efficiently effective against bladder cancer in earlier studies. However, a part of the mouse bladder tumour regrew due to regression after a period of time as the cancer stem cells could not be eliminated. In this study, we showed a modified method for the isolation of MB49 bladder cancer stem cells (MCSCs). METHODS Through a comparison of different serum-free culture mediums (SFM), MCSCs were isolated by a combination of the limited dilution method and the optimal SFM method. The characterizations of MCSCs were verified by the fluorescence activated cell sorting, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the western blotting, the cell proliferation assay, the soft agar assay, the transwell assay, the resistance to chemotherapy assay and the tumor xenograft formation assay. RESULTS The optimal SFM contained a RPMI1640+ epidermal growth factor (20 ng/ml), a basic fibroblast growth factor (20 ng/ml), a leukemia inhibitory factor (20 ng/ml), a B-27 serum-free supplement (20 μl/ml), and a bovine serum albumin (4 μg/ml). MCSCs possessed the high expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, OCT4, NANOG, and ABCG2) and the ability of differentiation. In functional comparisons, MCSCs had higher proliferative abilities, lower susceptibility to chemotherapy, greater migration in vitro, and stronger tumorigenic abilities in vivo. CONCLUSION MCSCs displayed specific cancer stem cells properties. Our study showed MCSCs were isolated successfully with a modified method using a combination of limited dilution and SFM methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wan-long Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P,R, China.
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High-level β1-integrin expression in a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic oral cancer cells. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1277-1284. [PMID: 23982443 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The β1 integrin (CD29) is a putative marker for cancerous epithelial stem cells. Cancer stem cells are essential to drive tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. We investigated the role of β1-integrin expression in the development of malignant phenotypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunostaining was used to analyze the expression levels of β1 integrins in different types of cell colonies and tumor spheres. The results of cell viability and migration assays with and without siRNA knockdown of β1-integrin expression were compared. Cells expressing β1 integrins were evaluated for their tumorigenicity in mice. The expression of β1 integrins in human specimens of oral cancers at different clinical stages was semiquantified based on immunohistochemical staining of the β1-integrin protein. RESULTS The expression level of β1 integrins in Meng-1 oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (OECM-1) cells was significantly higher in holoclonal colonies and tumor spheres compared to control cells. The knockdown of β1-integrin expression in OECM-1 cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, and tumor sphere formation. Beta-1 integrin (+) cells were more tumorigenic in the mouse xenograft model than β1 integrin (-) cells. In the human specimens, the expression level of the β1-integrin protein positively correlated with the clinical stage. CONCLUSION The expression of β1 integrin in OECM-1 cells is involved in the development of malignant phenotypes of OSCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inhibitors for β1-integrin signaling may be suitable to become target-specific therapies for OSCC.
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Sun L, Feng J, Ma L, Liu W, Zhou Z. CD133 expression in oral lichen planus correlated with the risk for progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:486-9. [PMID: 23911820 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk for progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study to determine protein expression of cancer stem cell marker CD133 in tissue samples of patients with OLP and evaluate the correlation between CD133 expression and the risk of progression to OSCC. In this longitudinal case-control study, a total of 110 patients with OLP who received a mean follow-up of 56 months were enrolled, including 100 patients who did not progress to OSCC and 10 patients who had progressed to OSCC. CD133 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from these patients. Analysis of 10 cases of normal oral mucosa and 6 cases of postmalignant OSCC form previously diagnosed OLP was also performed. The results showed that CD133 expression was observed in 29% cases of nonprogressing OLP and in 80% cases of progressing OLP (P = .002). CD133 was not expressed in normal oral mucosa, but it positively expressed in the 100% cases of OSCC. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of malignant progression in the patients with CD133-positive expression was significantly higher than those with CD133 negativity (odds ratio, 9.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.96-48.92; P = .005). Collectively, CD133 expression was significantly associated with malignant progression in a longitudinal series of patients with OLP. Our findings suggested that CD133 may serve as a novel candidate biomarker for risk assessment of malignant potential of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin, China.
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Honokiol Eliminates Human Oral Cancer Stem-Like Cells Accompanied with Suppression of Wnt/ β -Catenin Signaling and Apoptosis Induction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:146136. [PMID: 23662112 PMCID: PMC3638590 DOI: 10.1155/2013/146136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol, an active compound of Magnolia officinalis, exerted many anticancer effects on various types of cancer cells. We explored its effects on the elimination of cancer stem-like side population (SP) cells in human oral squamous cell carcinoma SAS cells. The sorted SP cells possessed much higher expression of stemness genes, such as ABCG2, ABCC5, EpCAM, OCT-4, CD133, CD44, and β-catenin, and more clonogenicity as compared with the Non-SP cells. After 48 h of treatment, honokiol dose dependently reduced the proportion of SP from 2.53% to 0.09%. Apoptosis of honokiol-treated SP cells was evidenced by increased annexin V staining and cleaved caspase-3 as well as decreased Survivin and Bcl-2. Mechanistically, honokiol inhibited the CD44 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling of SP cells. The Wnt signaling transducers such as β-catenin and TCF-4 were decreased in honokiol-treated SP cells, while the β-catenin degradation promoting kinase GSK-3α/β was increased. Consistently, the protein levels of β-catenin downstream targets such as c-Myc and Cyclin D1 were also downregulated. Furthermore, the β-catenin-related EMT markers such as Slug and Snail were markedly suppressed by honokiol. Our findings indicate honokiol may be able to eliminate oral cancer stem cells through apoptosis induction, suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and inhibition of EMT.
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Vira D, Basak SK, Veena MS, Wang MB, Batra RK, Srivatsan ES. Cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and therapeutic strategies including natural products. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:733-51. [PMID: 22752409 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells divide continuously and differentiate into organs through the expression of specific transcription factors at specific time periods. Differentiated adult stem cells on the other hand remain in quiescent state and divide by receiving cues from the environment (extracellular matrix or niche), as in the case of wound healing from tissue injury or inflammation. Similarly, it is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs), forming a smaller fraction of the tumor bulk, also remain in a quiescent state. These cells are capable of initiating and propagating neoplastic growth upon receiving environmental cues, such as overexpression of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Candidate CSCs express distinct biomarkers that can be utilized for their identification and isolation. This review focuses on the known and candidate cancer stem cell markers identified in various solid tumors and the promising future of disease management and therapy targeted at these markers. The review also provides details on the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and the miRNA- and natural product-based therapies that could be applied for the treatment of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshni Vira
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Liu YP, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Yeh CT, Wu ATH, Lee YC, Lai TC, Lee CH, Hsiao YW, Lu J, Shen CN, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Cisplatin selects for multidrug-resistant CD133+ cells in lung adenocarcinoma by activating Notch signaling. Cancer Res 2012; 73:406-16. [PMID: 23135908 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, but recurrence occurs in most patients. Recent evidence suggests that CD133(+) cells are the cause of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. However, the correlation between chemotherapy and regulation of CD133(+) cells has not been investigated methodically. In this study, we revealed that CD133(+) lung cancer cells labeled by a human CD133 promoter-driven GFP reporter exhibited drug resistance and stem cell characteristics. Treatment of H460 and H661 cell lines with low-dose cisplatin (IC(20)) was sufficient to enrich CD133(+) cells, to induce DNA damage responses, and to upregulate ABCG2 and ABCB1 expression, which therefore increased the cross-resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. This cisplatin-induced enrichment of CD133(+) cells was mediated through Notch signaling as judged by increased levels of cleaved Notch1 (NICD1). Pretreatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), or Notch1 short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) remarkably reduced the cisplatin-induced enrichment of CD133(+) cells and increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Ectopic expression of NICD1 reversed the action of DAPT on drug sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD133(+) cells were significantly increased in the relapsed tumors in three of six patients with lung cancer who have received cisplatin treatment. A similar effect was observed in animal experiments as cisplatin treatment increased Notch1 cleavage and the ratio of CD133(+) cells in engrafted tumors. Intratumoral injection of DAPT with cisplatin treatment significantly reduced CD133(+) cell number. Together, our results showed that cisplatin induces the enrichment of CD133(+) cells, leading to multidrug resistance by the activation of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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Liu W, Wu L, Shen XM, Shi LJ, Zhang CP, Xu LQ, Zhou ZT. Expression patterns of cancer stem cell markers ALDH1 and CD133 correlate with a high risk of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:868-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sathi GA, Tamamura R, Tsujigiwa H, Katase N, Lefeuvre M, Siar CH, Matsuda H, Nagatsuka H. Analysis of immunoexpression of common cancer stem cell markers in ameloblastoma. Exp Ther Med 2011; 3:397-402. [PMID: 22969902 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that, in benign tumors, a large number of cancer stem cells are present, which have great implications in tumor development. However, in ameloblastoma, a highly aggressive, locally invasive tumor with a high recurrence rate, whether or not cancer stem-like cells are present remains undetermined. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the protein expression of three candidate stem cell markers in ameloblastoma. Immunohistochemical staining for cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (CD133, CD44 and ABCG2) and for the proliferation marker Ki-67 was performed using 23 ameloblastoma cases. In all 23 samples, CD133, CD44 and ABCG2 were expressed. Nine (39.13%) cases showed high expression and 14 cases (60.87%) showed low expression for CD133. Twelve of the 23 cases (52.17%) showed high expression and 11 cases (47.83%) showed low expression for both CD44 and ABCG2, respectively. Ki-67 was mainly expressed in peripheral ameloblast-like cells, suggesting that these cells have a higher degree of differentiation and, therefore, are less likely to contain cancer stem-like cells. On the other hand, cells positive for CSC markers situated at the close proximity to peripheral cells were devoid of Ki-67 and may have the potential to be cancer stem-like cells. After analyzing the correlation between expression of three CSC markers with clinicopathological factors and Ki-67 expression, only CD44 expression was correlated with tumor recurrence (P=0.0391). In conclusion, this study showed various expression patterns of different types of cancer stem cell markers and the presence of candidate CSC-like cells in ameloblastoma, which are possibly involved in cell proliferation, tumor progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsan Ara Sathi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Ravindran G, Devaraj H. Aberrant expression of CD133 and musashi-1 in preneoplastic and neoplastic human oral squamous epithelium and their correlation with clinicopathological factors. Head Neck 2011; 34:1129-35. [PMID: 22076906 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focuses on the expression pattern of the stem cell markers CD133 and Musashi-1 in precancerous and cancerous tissues of oral epithelium. The study also aims to investigate the correlation of CD133 and Musashi-1 expression with clinicopathological factors. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was done to investigate the expression pattern of CD133 and Musashi-1, whereas, the coexpression of CD133 and Musashi-1 was studied using immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS A gradual increase in the expression of CD133 and Musashi-1 was observed from normal to dysplasia to carcinoma. In addition, the expression of CD133 and Musashi-1 shows significant difference between the stages and histological types of oral carcinoma. Interestingly, coexpression of CD133 and Musashi-1 was observed in oral carcinoma and CAL27 cells. CONCLUSIONS A gradual increase in the expression of CD133 and Musashi-1 from normal to dysplasia to carcinoma suggests the possible involvement of these 2 proteins in oral carcinogenesis. The overexpression of CD133 and Musashi-1 in advanced stages and also in poorly differentiated tumors reveals their relationship with invasion and differentiation status of oral carcinoma cells. Moreover, the significant positive correlation between CD133 and Musashi-1 expression suggests that they might have a functional relationship in oral carcinoma cells, which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokulan Ravindran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity selects for the holoclone phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:801-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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