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Kastl SP, Katsaros KM, Krychtiuk KA, Jägersberger G, Kaun C, Huber K, Wojta J, Speidl WS. The adipokine vaspin is associated with decreased coronary in-stent restenosis in vivo and inhibits migration of human coronary smooth muscle cells in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232483. [PMID: 32392256 PMCID: PMC7213727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention represents the most important treatment modality of coronary artery stenosis. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is still a limitation for the long-term outcome despite the introduction of drug eluting stents. It has been shown that adipokines directly influence vessel wall homeostasis by influencing the function of endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin vaspin was recently identified as a member of serine protease inhibitor family and serveral studies could demonstrate a relation to metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate a role of vaspin in the development of in-stent restenosis in vivo and on migration of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. METHODS We studied 85 patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent elective and successful PCI with implatation of drug eluting stents. Blood samples were taken directly before PCI. Vaspin plasma levels were measured by specific ELISA. ISR was evaluated eight months later by coronary angiography. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) migration was analyzed by an in-vitro migration assay with different concentrations (0.004ng/mL up to 40ng/mL) of vaspin as well as by an scratch assay. For proliferation an impedance measurement with specialiced E-Plates was performed. RESULTS During the follow up period, 14 patients developed ISR. Patients with ISR had significantly lower vaspin plasma levels compared to patients without ISR (0.213 ng/ml vs 0.382 ng/ml; p = 0.001). In patients with plasma vaspin levels above 1.35 ng/ml we could not observe any restenosis. There was also a significant correlation of plasma vaspin levels and late lumen loss in the stented coronary segments. Further we could demonstrate that vaspin nearly abolishes serum induced migration of HCASMC (100% vs. 9%; p<0.001) in a biphasic manner but not migration of HUVEC. Proliferation of HCASMC and HUVEC was not modulated by vaspin treatment. CONCLUSION We were able to show that the adipokine vaspin selectively inhibits human coronary SMC migration in vitro and has no effect on HUVEC migration. Vaspin had no effect on proliferation of HUVEC which is an important process of the healing of the stented vessel. In addition, the occurrence of ISR after PCI with implantation of drug eluting stents was significantly associated with low vaspin plasma levels before intervention. Determination of vaspin plasma levels before PCI might be helpful in the identification of patients with high risk for development of ISR after stent implantation. In addition, the selective effects of vaspin on smooth muscle cell migration could potentially be used to reduce ISR without inhibition of re-endothelialization of the stented segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P. Kastl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M. Katsaros
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin A. Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology and Emergency Medicine), Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Walter S. Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Membrane Phospholipids and Polyphosphates as Cofactors and Binding Molecules of SERPINA12 (vaspin). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081992. [PMID: 32344508 PMCID: PMC7221550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a member of the serpin family and has been shown to have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance, insulin stability as well as adipose tissue inflammation, parameters seriously affected by obesity. Some of these effects require inhibition of target proteases such as kallikrein 7(KLK7) and many studies have demonstrated vaspin-mediated activation of intracellular signaling cascades in various cells and tissues. So far, little is known about the exact mechanism how vaspin may trigger these intracellular signaling events. In this study, we investigated and characterized the interaction of vaspin with membrane lipids and polyphosphates as well as their potential regulatory effects on serpin activity using recombinant vaspin and KLK7 proteins and functional protein variants thereof. Here, we show for the first time that vaspin binds to phospholipids and polyphosphates with varying effects on KLK7 inhibition. Vaspin binds strongly to monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsP) with no effect on vaspin activation. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) measurements revealed high-affinity binding to polyphosphate 45 (KD: 466 ± 75 nM) and activation of vaspin in a heparin-like manner. Furthermore, we identified additional residues in the heparin binding site in β-sheet A by mutating five basic residues resulting in complete loss of high-affinity heparin binding. Finally, using lipid overlay assays, we show that these residues are additionally involved in PtdInsP binding. Phospholipids play a major role in membrane trafficking and signaling whereas polyphosphates are procoagulant and proinflammatory agents. The identification of phospholipids and polyphosphates as binding partners of vaspin will contribute to the understanding of vaspins involvement in membrane trafficking, signaling and beneficial effects associated with obesity.
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Sato K, Shirai R, Yamaguchi M, Yamashita T, Shibata K, Okano T, Mori Y, Matsuyama TA, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Hirano T, Watanabe T. Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Vaspin on Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell/Macrophage Responses and Hyperlipidemic Mouse Plaque Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1732. [PMID: 29891806 PMCID: PMC6032338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaspin (visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor) was recently identified as a novel adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing effects. Serum vaspin levels are reported either increased or decreased in patients with coronary artery disease. Our translational research was performed to evaluate the expression of vaspin in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions, and its effects on atherogenic responses in human macrophages and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC), as well as aortic atherosclerotic lesion development in spontaneously hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice, an animal model of atherosclerosis. Vaspin was expressed at high levels in macrophages/vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within human coronary atheromatous plaques. Vaspin significantly suppressed inflammatory phenotypes with nuclear factor κB down-regulation in human macrophages. Vaspin significantly suppressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation with CD36 and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 down-regulation and ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1, and scavenger receptor class B type 1 up-regulation in human macrophages. Vaspin significantly suppressed angiotensin II-induced migration and proliferation with ERK1/2 and JNK down-regulation, and increased collagen production with phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt up-regulation in HASMCs. Chronic infusion of vaspin into Apoe−/− mice significantly suppressed the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, with significant reductions of intraplaque inflammation and the macrophage/VSMC ratio, a marker of plaque instability. Our study indicates that vaspin prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation and instability, and may serve as a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Maho Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Taisuke Okano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuyama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Study of salivary and serum vaspin and total antioxidants in anorexia nervosa. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2837-2845. [PMID: 29445881 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are primarily at high risk of multiple somatic complications, including oral diseases. In recent years, a number of new molecules that may play a potentially important role in AN progress and prognosis have been identified in saliva, but their exact roles are still poorly understood. Two such group of substances are antioxidants and vaspin. The purpose of this observational, cross-sectional study was to measure both the salivary and serum total antioxidant status (TAS), and vaspin (VASP) concentrations of patients with AN in comparison to an average population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety subjects participated (30 patients with AN, 60 matched healthy control subjects). A clinical examination was made, and blood and salivary samples were taken during the acute stage of AN (BMI < 15 kg/m2) in the first week of hospitalization. Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) suitable for measuring VASP and colorimetric assay for TAS were used. RESULTS Anorexic patients had significant reductions in salivary flow, TAS, and an elevation in VASP levels in their saliva and serum. Significant correlations between TAS, VASP, salivary flow, and nutritional status were detected. CONCLUSION Determination of TAS and VASP in combined biological material confirmed that saliva might be a reliable non-invasive source of information for potent nutritional biomarkers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that VASP cannot be excluded, as its increased concentration in saliva is an adaptive mechanism in reduced TAS, one resulting from diminished salivary secretion. It is therefore worth conducting further research aimed at recognizing the role of TAS and VASP in the saliva of underweight patients.
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Rosuvastatin Improves Vaspin Serum Levels in Obese Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6010009. [PMID: 29337850 PMCID: PMC5871955 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin), which has endocrine and local roles in atherosclerosis growth, is also synthesized by adipose tissue; it was found that vaspin was negatively correlated with blood pressure in obese patients, while vaspin levels were decreased in endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to determine rosuvastatin modulation effects on serum vaspin levels in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with class I obesity. A total number of seventy patients with acute coronary syndrome previously and currently treated with rosuvastatin was compared to 40 patients with IHD not treated by rosuvastatin as a control. Vaspin serum levels were higher in rosuvastatin-treated patients with acute coronary syndrome compared to the patients with acute coronary syndrome not treated by rosuvastatin, p < 0.01. Additionally, in the rosuvastatin-treated group, patients with STEMI showed higher vaspin serum levels compared to NSTEMI p < 0.01. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin significantly increases vaspin serum levels in acute coronary syndrome.
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Zieger K, Weiner J, Krause K, Schwarz M, Kohn M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Heiker JT. Vaspin suppresses cytokine-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via inhibition of NFκB pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:181-188. [PMID: 28756250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaspin expression is increased in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diet-induced obese mice and rats and is supposed to compensate HFD-induced inflammatory processes and insulin resistance in adipose tissue by counteracting pro-inflammatory gene expression in obesity. Multiple studies have also demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in vascular and skin cells. Here, we used vaspin treated 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes as well as 3T3-L1 cells with stable vaspin expression to investigate the effect of exogenous and endogenous vaspin on inflammatory processes and insulin signaling in adipocytes. Our stably transfected cells secreted significant amounts of vaspin which was in the physiological range of ∼0.5 ng/ml in cell supernatants. Adipocyte differentiation was not affected by vaspin as expression of adipogenic marker genes as well as lipid accumulation after full differentiation was similar to control cells. We found that IL-1β induced expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, MCP1 and TNFα was significantly blunted in vaspin expressing 3T3-L1 cells. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with exogenous vaspin resulted in reduced cytokine-induced activation of the intracellular and pro-inflammatory NFκB signaling cascades (IKKα/β, IκB and NFκB). Moreover, endogenous vaspin positively affected insulin signaling by increasing insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the key mediator protein kinase B (AKT). Together, we demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects of vaspin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as increased insulin signaling by endogenous expression or exogenous treatment. The results provide evidence for potent anti-inflammatory action of vaspin not only in vascular cells but also in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Zieger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Kohn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Molecular Mechanisms of Vaspin Action - From Adipose Tissue to Skin and Bone, from Blood Vessels to the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1111:159-188. [PMID: 30051323 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) or SERPINA12 according to the serpin nomenclature was identified together with other genes and gene products that were specifically expressed or overexpressed in the intra-abdominal or visceral adipose tissue (AT) of the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat. These rats spontaneously develop visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and -glycemia, as well as hypertension and thus represent a well suited animal model of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.The follow-up study reporting the cloning, expression and functional characterization of vaspin suggested the great and promising potential of this molecule to counteract obesity induced insulin resistance and inflammation and has since initiated over 300 publications, clinical and experimental, that have contributed to uncover the multifaceted functions and molecular mechanisms of vaspin action not only in the adipose, but in many different cells, tissues and organs. This review will give an update on mechanistic and structural aspects of vaspin with a focus on its serpin function, the physiology and regulation of vaspin expression, and will summarize the latest on vaspin function in various tissues such as the different adipose tissue depots as well as the vasculature, skin, bone and the brain.
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8
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Qi D, Wang D, Zhang C, Tang X, He J, Zhao Y, Deng W, Deng X. Vaspin protects against LPS‑induced ARDS by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation in pulmonary endothelial cells via the Akt/GSK‑3β pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1803-1817. [PMID: 29039444 PMCID: PMC5716428 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by uncontrolled extravasation of protein-rich fluids, which is caused by disruption and dysfunction of the barrier of pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs). Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a novel adipokine with pleiotropic properties, which has been reported to exert beneficial effects against obesity-associated systemic vascular diseases; however, its effects on ARDS remain unknown. In the present study, mice were subjected to systemic administration of adenoviral vector expressing vaspin (Ad-vaspin) to examine its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS in vivo. Histological analysis was then conducted, and cytokine [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10] levels, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and adherens junctions (AJs) expression were detected. In addition, human pulmonary microvascular ECs (HPMECs) were treated with recombinant human (rh)-vaspin to further investigate its molecular basis and underlying mechanism. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and endothelial-specific adhesion markers [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin], activation of nuclear factor-κB, and cell viability and apoptosis were then examined. Furthermore, the expression of AJs and organization of the cytoskeleton, as well as expression and activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined. The results indicated that Ad-vaspin protected against LPS-induced ARDS by alleviating the pulmonary inflammatory response and pulmonary EC barrier dysfunction in mice, which was accompanied by activation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β pathway. In addition, pretreatment of HPMECs with rh-vaspin attenuated inflammation, apoptosis and ROS generation without alterations in AJs and cytoskeletal organization following LPS insult, which was accompanied by activation of the Akt/GSK3β pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that vaspin protects against LPS-induced ARDS by reversing EC barrier dysfunction via the suppression of inflammation, apoptosis and ROS production in pulmonary ECs, at least partially via activation of the Akt/GSK3β pathway. These findings provide evidence of a causal link between vaspin and EC dysfunction in ARDS, and suggest a potential therapeutic intervention for patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Chunrong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yongchuan Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Xumao Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Wang Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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Sakamoto Y, Kameshima S, Kakuda C, Okamura Y, Kodama T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor prevents the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1425-1432. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wang Y, Yu ZF, Cheng YS, Jia BL, Yu G, Yin XQ, Wang Y. Serum vaspin level as a predictive indicator in the amelioration of fatty liver and metabolic disturbance in patients with severe obesity after laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7498. [PMID: 28746192 PMCID: PMC5627818 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is all about predicting the value of serum vaspin level in the amelioration of fatty liver and metabolic disturbance in patients with severe obesity after laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (LVBG). METHODS A total of 164 patients (from January 2012 to May 2015) with severe obesity were chosen and performed LVBG. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the serum vaspin level. The patients were given a biochemical automatic analyzer to measure the biochemical indicators. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) helps in the calculation of fasting insulin level (FINS) and insulin resistance (IR). The changes in fatty liver were examined by computed tomography (CT). Receiver operating characteristic curve is used to increase the predictive value of serum vaspin level in the amelioration of liver function and disturbances in the metabolism. RESULTS Weight, BMI, waist circumference, serum vaspin level, and triglyceride (TG) decreased, but CT value of liver increased at 4th, 7th, and 12th month after surgery. After the 7th and 12th month period of surgery, the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, FINS, and HOMA-IR reduced in the patients (P <.005). The area under ROC curve (AUC) is about 0.871 ± 0.031 with 95%CI of 0.810-0.931 (P <.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of serum vaspin level ≤0.9 were 87.80%, 78.05%, and 83.28%, respectively. BMI, FINS, and serum vaspin level ≤0.9 were the influencing factors of the amelioration of fatty liver and metabolic disturbance. CONCLUSION This study proves that the serum vaspin level serves as a predictive indicator in the amelioration of fatty liver and metabolic disturbance in patients with severe obesity after LVBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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Oertwig K, Ulbricht D, Hanke S, Pippel J, Bellmann-Sickert K, Sträter N, Heiker JT. Glycosylation of human vaspin (SERPINA12) and its impact on serpin activity, heparin binding and thermal stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1188-1194. [PMID: 28668641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaspin is a glycoprotein with three predicted glycosylation sites at asparagine residues located in proximity to the reactive center loop and close to domains that play important roles in conformational changes underlying serpin function. In this study, we have investigated the glycosylation of human vaspin and its effects on biochemical properties relevant to vaspin function. We show that vaspin is modified at all three sites and biochemical data demonstrate that glycosylation does not hinder inhibition of the target protease kallikrein 7. Although binding affinity to heparin is slightly decreased, the protease inhibition reaction is still significantly accelerated in the presence of heparin. Glycosylation did not affect thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Oertwig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Ulbricht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hanke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Pippel
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Weiner J, Rohde K, Krause K, Zieger K, Klöting N, Kralisch S, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Böttcher Y, Heiker JT. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) specific vaspin expression is increased after obesogenic diets and cold exposure and linked to acute changes in DNA-methylation. Mol Metab 2017; 6:482-493. [PMID: 28580279 PMCID: PMC5444018 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have demonstrated anti-diabetic and anti-obesogenic properties of visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) and so evoked its potential use for treatment of obesity-related diseases. The aim of the study was to unravel physiological regulators of vaspin expression and secretion with a particular focus on its role in brown adipose tissue (BAT) biology. METHODS We analyzed the effects of obesogenic diets and cold exposure on vaspin expression in liver and white and brown adipose tissue (AT) and plasma levels. Vaspin expression was analyzed in isolated white and brown adipocytes during adipogenesis and in response to adrenergic stimuli. DNA-methylation within the vaspin promoter was analyzed to investigate acute epigenetic changes after cold-exposure in BAT. RESULTS Our results demonstrate a strong induction of vaspin mRNA and protein expression specifically in BAT of both cold-exposed and high-fat (HF) or high-sugar (HS) fed mice. While obesogenic diets also upregulated hepatic vaspin mRNA levels, cold exposure tended to increase vaspin gene expression of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) depots. Concomitantly, vaspin plasma levels were decreased upon obesogenic or thermogenic triggers. Vaspin expression was increased during adipogenesis but unaffected by sympathetic activation in brown adipocytes. Analysis of vaspin promoter methylation in AT revealed lowest methylation levels in BAT, which were acutely reduced after cold exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a novel BAT-specific regulation of vaspin gene expression upon physiological stimuli in vivo with acute epigenetic changes that may contribute to cold-induced expression in BAT. We conclude that these findings indicate functional relevance and potentially beneficial effects of vaspin in BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Weiner
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rohde
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstanze Zieger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John T. Heiker
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Vasculo-protective effect of BMS-309403 is independent of its specific inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1177-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Kazama K, Hoshino K, Kodama T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Adipocytokine, progranulin, augments acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide-mediated relaxation through the increases of cGMP production in rat isolated mesenteric artery. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:781-789. [PMID: 27332749 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Progranulin (PGRN) is a novel adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory effects in vascular cells. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of PGRN on reactivity of isolated blood vessel. METHODS Isometric contraction of rat isolated superior mesenteric artery was measured. RESULTS Pre-treatment with PGRN (10-100 ng mL-1 , 30 min) had no effect on noradrenaline- or 5-hydroxytriptamine-induced contraction. On the other hand, pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) augmented acetylcholine (ACh; 30 nm)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) augmented ACh (10 μm)-induced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation in the presence of indomethacin (10 μm), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and tetraethyl ammonium (10 mm), a non-selective potassium channel blocker. In contrast, pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) had no effect on ACh-induced endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated relaxation. Pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) had no effect on ACh (10 μm, 1 min)-induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation (at Ser1177) as determined by Western blotting. Pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) augmented an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 30 nm-1 μm)- but not a membrane-permeable cGMP analogue, 8-bromo-cGMP-induced relaxation. In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (100 μm), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pre-treatment with PGRN (100 ng mL-1 ) increased SNP (30 nm, 5 min)-induced cGMP production as determined by enzyme immunoassay. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrate that PGRN augments ACh-induced NO-mediated relaxation through the increases of cGMP production in smooth muscle. These results indicate PGRN as a possible pharmacotherapeutic target against cardiovascular diseases including obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kazama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - K. Hoshino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - T. Kodama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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15
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Xu X, Wen J, Lu Y, Ji H, Zhuang J, Su Y, Liu B, Li H, Xu Y. Impact of age on plasma vaspin concentration in a group of normal Chinese people. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:143-151. [PMID: 27604490 PMCID: PMC5269469 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing effects. Accumulating data implied that vaspin represents a compensatory mechanism but it is unknown how vaspin change during ageing. This study was designed to examine the correlation between plasma vaspin and age in a group of normal Chinese people. METHODS A total of 191 Chinese volunteers aged 19-80 years were enrolled into four groups based upon age quartiles (19-35, 36-50, 51-65 and 66-80 years). Demographic, anthropometric, metabolic covariates, vaspin and adiponectin were measured. The influence of age on plasma vaspin was analysed using SPSS 13.0. RESULTS Vaspin increased with ageing, with mean vaspin levels (ng/mL) of 1.01 ± 2.25, 1.67 ± 2.95, 2.05 ± 3.46 and 2.40 ± 3.06 for those between quartile ages 19-35, 36-50, 51-65 and 66-80 years. When divided into subgroups, vaspin increased with increasing age for both sexes, both insulin resistance and non-insulin resistance subjects and both obese and lean subjects. In univariate analyses, vaspin plasma level positively associated with age (r = 0.215, p = 0.003), adiponectin, insulin, homoeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index and waist-hip ratio in the whole population. The correlation between ageing and increasing vaspin remained significant after multivariate adjustments for factors such as sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, indices of glucose metabolism, white blood cell, lipid profile and adiponectin. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age contributed 7.6 % on plasma vaspin level. CONCLUSION Vaspin level increased with ageing, independent of sex, indices of glucose metabolism, lipid profile and other markers of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wen
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Lu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Ji
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhuang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Su
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - B Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Li
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ulbricht D, Oertwig K, Arnsburg K, Saalbach A, Pippel J, Sträter N, Heiker JT. Basic Residues of β-Sheet A Contribute to Heparin Binding and Activation of Vaspin (Serpin A12). J Biol Chem 2016; 292:994-1004. [PMID: 27941022 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many members of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family are activated by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin), serpin A12 of the serpin family, and its target protease kallikrein 7 (KLK7) are heparin-binding proteins, and inhibition of KLK7 by vaspin is accelerated by heparin. However, the nature of GAG binding to vaspin is not known. Here, we measured vaspin binding of various glycosaminoglycans and low molecular weight heparins by microscale thermophoresis and analyzed acceleration of protease inhibition by these molecules. In addition, basic residues contributing to heparin binding and heparin activation were identified by a selective labeling approach. Together, these data show that vaspin binds heparin with high affinity (KD = 21 ± 2 nm) and that binding takes place at a basic patch on top of β-sheet A and is different from other heparin-binding serpins. Mutation of basic residues decreased heparin binding and activation of vaspin. Similarly, reactive center loop insertion into sheet A decreased heparin binding because it disturbs the basic cluster. Finally, using vaspin-overexpressing keratinocyte cells, we show that a significant part of secreted vaspin is bound in the extracellular matrix on the cell surface. Together, basic residues of central β-sheet A contribute to heparin binding and activation of vaspin. Thus, binding to GAGs in the extracellular matrix can direct and regulate vaspin interaction with target proteases or other proteins and may play an important role in the various beneficial functions of vaspin in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulbricht
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology
| | - Kathrin Oertwig
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology
| | - Kristin Arnsburg
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology
| | - Anja Saalbach
- the Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, and
| | - Jan Pippel
- the Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- the Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology,
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Sathyaseelan AJ, Adole PS, Wyawahare M, Saya RP. Assessment of Serum VASPIN Levels among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with or without Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:BC07-BC10. [PMID: 28208842 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22417.8952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is on the verge of becoming a pandemic in India. Type 2 DM patient have two to four times increased risk of carotid artery disease. Adipokines have been regarded recently as direct link between diabetes and atherosclerosis. Visceral Adipose Tissue Derived Serine Protease Inhibitor (VASPIN); one of the most recently discovered adipokine, inhibits the proteases responsible for insulin resistance, carotid plaque development and rupture. In literature, few studies have addressed the role of VASPIN in pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in patients with type 2 DM. AIM To find association between serum VASPIN with lipid profile, creatine kinase-total, creatine kinase-MB, troponin-I, age, height, weight, blood pressure, smoking, family history of ACS and to prove the hypothesis of low serum VASPIN level as predictor of ACS in patients with type 2 DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one type 2 DM patients (controls) and 41 type 2 DM patients with ACS (cases) were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed and fasting serum biochemical parameters and VASPIN were measured. The results of cases and controls were compared by student t-test or Mann-Whitney test. All the parameters were correlated with serum VASPIN by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Fasting serum VASPIN concentration was significantly (p< 0.0001) lower in the cases (0.43±0.22 pg/ml) than in the controls (0.83±0.29 pg/ml). Correlation analysis undertaken on all type 2 DM showed that serum VASPIN concentration was negatively correlated with age, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes, serum Creative Kinase-Total, CK-MB and urea (p< 0.05). Utilizing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the serum VASPIN level of less than 0.594pg/ml showed greatest risk of ACS among type 2 DM patients (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION Type 2 DM patients with low serum vaspin concentration were at risk of ACS independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Jaya Sathyaseelan
- Student, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry, India
| | - Prashant Shankarrao Adole
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry, India
| | - Mukta Wyawahare
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry, India
| | - Rama Prakasha Saya
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center , Mangalore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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18
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Kameshima S, Sakamoto Y, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Vaspin prevents elevation of blood pressure through inhibition of peripheral vascular remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:120-9. [PMID: 26640237 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a relatively novel adipocytokine with protective effects on metabolic diseases including obesity and type II diabetes. We have previously demonstrated that vaspin exerts anti-inflammatory and antimigratory roles through antioxidative effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. As inflammatory responses and migration of smooth muscle in peripheral vascular wall are key mechanisms for the pathogenesis of hypertension, we hypothesized that vaspin could prevent the development of hypertension in in vivo hypertensive animal model. METHODS Vaspin (1 μg kg(-1) day(-1) ) was administered intraperitoneally to 5-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for 4 weeks. Superior mesenteric artery was isolated and used for measurement of isometric contraction and histological analysis. RESULTS Long-term vaspin treatment significantly prevented an elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 8 weeks of age. Vaspin had no effect on reactivity of isolated mesenteric artery from SHR. In contrast, vaspin significantly inhibited mesenteric arterial wall hypertrophy in SHR. Moreover, vaspin significantly inhibited an increase of tumour necrosis factor-α expression and a production of reactive oxygen species in isolated mesenteric artery from SHR. CONCLUSION This study for the first time demonstrates that vaspin prevents the increase of SBP in SHR through inhibiting peripheral vascular hypertrophy possibly via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kameshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - Y. Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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Vaspin regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 through the PI3K-Akt/miR-34c loop. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25578. [PMID: 27156573 PMCID: PMC4860647 DOI: 10.1038/srep25578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaspin (visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor) is a newly discovered adipokine that widely participates in diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome and other disorders of metabolism. However, the effect of vaspin on the regulation of osteogenesis and the mechanism responsible are still unclear. Here, we found that vaspin can attenuate the osteogenic differentiation of the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 in a dose-dependent way; also, during this process, the expression of miRNA-34c (miR-34c) was significantly increased. Down-regulation of the expression of miR-34c in MC3T3-E1 diminished the osteogenic inhibitory effect of vaspin, while the up-regulation of miR-34c increased this effect through its target gene Runx2. Meanwhile, we found that vaspin could also activate the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Blocking the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway with specific inhibitors could decrease the osteogenic inhibitory effect of vaspin as well as the expression level of miR-34c. Furthermore, knock-down of miR-34c could promote the activation of Akt, which was probably realised by targeting c-met expression. Thus, PI3K-Akt and miR-34c constituted a modulation loop and controlled the expression of each other. Taken together, our study showed that vaspin could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and the PI3K-Akt/miR-34c loop might be the underlying mechanism.
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20
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Anti-Inflammatory Action of Keratinocyte-Derived Vaspin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:639-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kameshima S, Yamada K, Morita T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor augments acetylcholine-induced relaxation via the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity in rat isolated mesenteric artery. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:203-10. [PMID: 26264600 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing activity originally identified in visceral adipose tissues of obesity-related type II diabetic rats. We previously showed that vaspin inhibits vascular cell migration and apoptosis as well as inflammatory responses, which are crucial for the development of hypertension. However, little is known about the effects of vaspin on vascular reactivity. The aim of this study was thus to explore the effects of vaspin on contraction and relaxation of isolated blood vessel. METHODS After mesenteric arteries were isolated from male Wistar rats, the effects of pretreatment with vaspin (3 ng mL(-1) , 30 min) on concentration-contraction and concentration-relaxation relationships for each agent were examined. The effects of vaspin on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and ACh esterase (AChE) activity were also examined using Western blotting and colorimetric method respectively. RESULTS Vaspin did not affect noradrenaline- or 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction. In contrast, vaspin augmented ACh- but not histamine-, A23187- or carbachol-induced NO-mediated relaxation. Vaspin significantly increased ACh-induced eNOS phosphorylation and inhibited AChE activity. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrate that vaspin augments the ACh-induced NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation via the inhibition of AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kameshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - K. Yamada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - T. Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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22
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Lin Y, Zhuang J, Li H, Zhu G, Zhou S, Li W, Peng W, Xu Y. Vaspin attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting ER stress-induced macrophage apoptosis in apoE‑/‑ mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1509-16. [PMID: 26708512 PMCID: PMC4732829 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a novel adipokine with potential insulin-sensitizing properties, which was initially detected in the visceral adipose tissue of genetically obese rats. Previous studies have demonstrated that vaspin exerts a protective effect on arteries undergoing atherosclerosis in vitro, and it has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antimigratory effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Vaspin promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in endothelial cells, and decreases proliferation of the arterial intima under diabetic conditions. In addition, macrophage apoptosis is an important characteristic of atherosclerotic plaque development. In vivo experiments were performed by histological analysis, including Oil Red O, hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Mice were injected with lentivirus via the tail vein and tissues were obtained for histological analysis. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry of Annexin-V/propidium iodide dual staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay. Total proteins were extracted and protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. The present study aimed to investigate whether vaspin was able to protect against atherosclerotic development in vivo, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of the potential antiatherogenic effects. The results of the current study indicated that vaspin inhibited the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in apoE(‑/‑) mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced macrophage apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shunping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Expression pattern and function of tyrosine receptor kinase B isoforms in rat mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:683-9. [PMID: 26498528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine receptor kinaseB (TrkB) is a high affinity receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). TrkB isoforms involve full length TrkB (TrkB FL) and truncated TrkB type1 (TrkB T1) and type 2 (TrkB T2) in rats. The aim of present study was to explore their expression pattern and function in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells (MASMCs). The expression of TrkB isoform protein and mRNA was examined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Cell proliferation was measured by a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. Cell migration was measured by a Boyden chamber assay. Cell morphology was observed with a phase-contrast microscope. Protein and mRNA expression of BDNF and TrkB isoforms was confirmed in MASMCs. Expression level of TrkB FL was less, while that of TrkB T1 was the highest in MASMCs. Although BDNF increased phosphorylation of ERK, it had no influence on migration and proliferation of MASMCs. TrkB T1 gene knockdown by a RNA interference induced morphological changes and reduced expression level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in MASMCs. Similar morphological changes and reduced α-SMA expression were induced in MASMCs by a Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrate that TrkB T1 expressed highly in MASMCs contributes to maintain normal cell morphology possibly via regulation of Rho activity. This study firstly defined expression level of TrkB isoforms and partly revealed their functions in peripheral vascular cells.
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Usui T, Nijima R, Sakatsume T, Otani K, Kameshima S, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase controls proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:472-80. [PMID: 25069823 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), also known as calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) III, is a unique member of CaMK family protein. We have recently found that expression of eEF2K protein increased in mesenteric artery from spontaneously hypertensive rats. As pathogenesis of hypertension is in part regulated by vascular structural remodelling via proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we tested the hypothesis that eEF2K controls SMCs proliferation and migration. METHODSAND RESULTS In rat mesenteric arterial SMCs, an eEF2K inhibitor, A-484954 (10 μm), significantly inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB (10 ng mL(-1) )-induced SMCs proliferation as determined by a cell counting and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. PDGF-BB (10 ng mL(-1) )-induced SMCs migration was significantly inhibited by A-484954 (10 μm) as determined by a Boyden chamber assay. A-484954 (10 μm) significantly inhibited PDGF-BB (10 ng mL(-1) )-induced phosphorylation of eEF2K, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, p38 and heat-shock protein (HSP) 27 as determined by Western blotting. It was confirmed that a CaM inhibitor, W-7 (50 μm), inhibited PDGF-BB (10 ng mL(-1) )-induced phosphorylation of eEF2K. In an ex vivo mesenteric arterial ring assay, 10% foetal bovine serum-induced SMCs outgrowth was significantly inhibited by A-484954 (10 μm). CONCLUSION We for the first time revealed that eEF2K mediates PDGF-BB-induced SMCs proliferation and migration through activating ERK, Akt, p38 and HSP27 signals in a CaM-dependent manner. Our results suggest eEF2K as a novel pharmaceutical target for the prevention of hypertensive cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - R. Nijima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - T. Sakatsume
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - K. Otani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - S. Kameshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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Almabrouk TAM, Ewart MA, Salt IP, Kennedy S. Perivascular fat, AMP-activated protein kinase and vascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:595-617. [PMID: 24490856 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine and paracrine organ that modulates vascular function, with implications for the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes and stromal cells contained within PVAT produce mediators (adipokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species and gaseous compounds) with a range of paracrine effects modulating vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, proliferation and migration. However, the modulatory effect of PVAT on the vascular system in diseases, such as obesity, hypertension and atherosclerosis, remains poorly characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates adipocyte metabolism, adipose biology and vascular function, and hence may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the vascular complications associated with obesity and T2DM. The role of AMPK in PVAT or the actions of PVAT have yet to be established, however. Activation of AMPK by pharmacological agents, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, may modulate the activity of PVAT surrounding blood vessels and thereby contribute to their beneficial effect in cardiometabolic diseases. This review will provide a current perspective on how PVAT may influence vascular function via AMPK. We will also attempt to demonstrate how modulating AMPK activity using pharmacological agents could be exploited therapeutically to treat cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A M Almabrouk
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Death-associated protein kinase 3 mediates vascular structural remodelling via stimulating smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:539-48. [PMID: 24814693 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) also known as zipper-interacting kinase is a serine/threonine kinase that mainly regulates cell death and smooth muscle contraction. We have previously found that protein expression of DAPK3 increases in the mesenteric artery from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and that DAPK3 mediates the development of hypertension in SHRs partly through promoting reactive oxygen species-dependent vascular inflammation. However, it remains to be clarified how DAPK3 controls smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration, which are also important processes for hypertension development. We, therefore, sought to investigate whether DAPK3 affects SMC proliferation and migration. siRNA against DAPK3 significantly inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced SMC proliferation and migration as determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and a cell counting assay as well as a Boyden chamber assay respectively. DAPK3 siRNA or a pharmacological inhibitor of DAPK3 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced lamellipodia formation as determined by rhodamine-phalloidin staining. DAPK3 siRNA or the DAPK inhibitor significantly reduced PDGF-BB-induced activation of p38 and heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) as determined by Western blotting. In ex vivo studies, PDGF-BB-induced SMC out-growth was significantly inhibited by the DAPK inhibitor. In vivo, the DAPK inhibitor significantly prevented carotid neointimal hyperplasia in a mouse ligation model. The present results, for the first time, revealed that DAPK3 mediates PDGF-BB-induced SMC proliferation and migration through activation of p38/HSP27 signals, which may lead to vascular structural remodelling including neointimal hyperplasia. The present study suggests DAPK3 as a novel pharmaceutical target for the prevention of hypertensive cardiovascular diseases.
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Usui T, Naruo A, Okada M, Hayabe Y, Yamawaki H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes angiogenic tube formation through generation of oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:385-94. [PMID: 24612679 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major type of neurotrophins, plays a role in the regulation of synaptic function. Recent studies suggest that BDNF promotes angiogenesis through its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). However, the detailed mechanisms for this still remain to be determined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis. Thus, we investigated the mechanisms by which BDNF regulates angiogenesis with focusing on ROS in cultured human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS AND RESULTS In human umbilical vein ECs, BDNF increased ROS generation as measured fluorometrically using 2' 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as well as NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity as measured by lucigenin assay. BDNF-induced ROS generation and NOX activity were inhibited by K252a, a TrkB receptor inhibitor. BDNF induced phosphorylation of p47 phox, a regulatory component of NOX, which was inhibited by K252a as measured by Western blotting. BDNF increased angiogenic tube formation in ECs, which was completely inhibited by K252a or gp91ds-tat, a NOX inhibitor. BDNF caused Akt phosphorylation in ECs, which was inhibited by K252a or gp91ds-tat. CONCLUSION The present results for the first time demonstrate that BDNF induces NOX-derived ROS generation through activation of p47 phox in a TrkB receptor-dependent manner, which leads to the promotion of angiogenic tube formation possibly via Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - A. Naruo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - Y. Hayabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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Takegahara Y, Yamanouchi K, Nakamura K, Nakano SI, Nishihara M. Myotube formation is affected by adipogenic lineage cells in a cell-to-cell contact-independent manner. Exp Cell Res 2014; 324:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Heiker JT. Vaspin (serpinA12) in obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:299-306. [PMID: 24596079 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While genome-wide association studies as well as candidate gene studies have revealed a great deal of insight into the contribution of genetics to obesity development and susceptibility, advances in adipose tissue research have substantially changed the understanding of adipose tissue function. Its perception has changed from passive lipid storage tissue to active endocrine organ regulating and modulating whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism and inflammatory and immune responses by secreting a multitude of bioactive molecules, termed adipokines. The expression of human vaspin (serpinA12) is positively correlated to body mass index and insulin sensitivity and increases glucose tolerance in vivo, suggesting a compensatory role in response to diminished insulin signaling in obesity. Recently, considerable insight has been gained into vaspin structure, function, and specific target tissue-dependent effects, and several lines of evidence suggest vaspin as a promising candidate for drug development for the treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance and inflammation. These will be summarized in this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Jung CH, Lee MJ, Kang YM, Lee YL, Yoon HK, Kang SW, Lee WJ, Park JY. Vaspin inhibits cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation and adhesion molecule expression via AMP-activated protein kinase activation in vascular endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:41. [PMID: 24517399 PMCID: PMC3925442 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaspin is an adipocytokine that was recently identified in the visceral adipose tissue of diabetic rats and has anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic effects. We hypothesized that vaspin prevents inflammatory cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vascular endothelial cells. Methods We examined the effects of vaspin on NF-κB activation and the expression of the NF-κB-mediated genes intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECS) were used. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was used as a representative proinflammatory cytokine. Results Treatment with vaspin significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the down-stream target of AMPK. Furthermore, treatment with vaspin significantly decreased TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB, as well as the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MCP-1. These effects were abolished following transfection of AMPKα1-specific small interfering RNA. In an adhesion assay using THP-1 cells, vaspin reduced TNFα-induced adhesion of monocytes to HAECS in an AMPK-dependent manner. Conclusions Vaspin might attenuate the cytokine-induced expression of adhesion molecule genes by inhibiting NF-κB following AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
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Serum vaspin levels are positively associated with carotid atherosclerosis in a general population. Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:248-52. [PMID: 24529152 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaspin is a novel adipocytokine with potential insulin-sensitizing properties. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between serum vaspin levels and atherosclerosis remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether vaspin was correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT). METHODS Data for fasting vaspin levels of 201 subjects (78 men and 123 women aged over 40 years) were obtained from a general population in Japan. We obtained anthropometric parameters and blood chemistries, and calculated homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index. C-IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasonography. The mean values of each parameter by tertiles of vaspin were compared with analysis of variance, and the associations of vaspin with IR and c-IMT were evaluated by multiple stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that vaspin levels were positively correlated with BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), c-IMT and hypertensive medication. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR index, c-IMT and eGFR were significantly and independently associated with vaspin. We performed multivariate analyses with c-IMT as the dependent variable. Age, hypertensive medication and vaspin were significant for c-IMT. Moreover, a mediation analysis demonstrated that vaspin was significantly related to c-IMT, independently of IR. CONCLUSIONS The present study not only confirmed the previous finding of the positive association of vaspin with IR but also demonstrated that serum vaspin level was positively associated with c-IMT, independently of IR in a general population. Our results may suggest a role of vaspin in atherosclerosis in humans.
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Yan M, Su B, Peng W, Li L, Li H, Zhuang J, Lu Y, Jian W, Wei Y, Li W, Qu S, Xu Y. Association of serum vaspin and adiponectin levels with renal function in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:868732. [PMID: 25133192 PMCID: PMC4123592 DOI: 10.1155/2014/868732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaspin and adiponectin are two adipocytokines with antidiabetic effects. Some studies reported that levels of adiponectin and vaspin were correlated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (FGR) and increased albuminuria. We therefore evaluated the vaspin and adiponectin levels in renal insufficiency (RI) patients with or without T2DM. Serum vaspin, adiponectin levels were measured in 416 subjects with or without T2DM. Analysis was made between groups divided by these subjects presence or absence of RI. We found that serum adiponectin level was significantly higher in nondiabetic patients with RI than in nondiabetic subjects without RI; however, there were no statistical differences between the diabetic patients with RI and without RI. In all the subjects, the serum adiponectin level was also higher in 50 individuals with RI than that in 366 subjects without RI. The serum vaspin levels showed no significant differences between the diabetic patients or nondiabetics subjects with RI and without RI. Contrary to adiponectin, the serum vaspin level was lower in 169 patients with T2DM than in 247 individuals without T2DM. Our data suggested that both of T2DM and renal insufficiency were correlated with the serum level of adiponectin. However, the serum vaspin levels showed no significant difference between the individuals with renal insufficiency and without renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- *Wenhui Peng:
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weixia Jian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yidong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Choi YH, Kim GY. Glutamine-free condition inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced invasion of BV2 microglial cells by suppressing of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:1127-1132. [PMID: 24177576 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies showing the mechanisms involved in glutamine (Gln) starvation and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in microglia are rare, even though MMP-9 plays a crucial role in the proinflammatory microenvironment by degrading the blood-brain barrier. We investigated the effects of Gln on the expression of MMP-9 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our findings showed that MMP-9 activity is significantly increased in response to LPS under Gln conditions. However, the Gln-free condition substantially inhibited LPS-induced MMP-9 activity and the expression of its corresponding gene. A matrigel invasion assay demonstrated that the Gln-free condition attenuates LPS-induced invasion of BV2 microglial cells. In addition, our results showed that the Gln-free condition diminishes LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein (AP)-1 activity, which are transcription factors that potentially regulate the expression of the MMP-9 gene. Taken together, these data suggest that the Gln-free condition inhibits LPS-induced invasion of BV2 microglial cells by suppressing MMP-9 expression, mainly via inhibition of the NF-κB and AP-1 pathway.
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Phalitakul S, Okada M, Hara Y, Yamawaki H. Vaspin prevents methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis in human vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 209:212-9. [PMID: 23782902 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Vaspin (visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor) is a novel adipocytokine found in visceral white adipose tissues of obese type 2 diabetic rats. We have previously shown that vaspin has anti-inflammatory and antimigratory effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an active metabolite of glucose and mediates diabetic vascular complications including endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. Nonetheless, effects of vaspin on MGO-induced apoptosis of vascular EC remain to be determined. We investigated the effects of vaspin on MGO-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). METHODS Human umbilical vein ECs were treated with MGO (560 μm, 12 h) in the absence or presence of vaspin (1 ng mL(-1), pre-treatment for 2 h). Cell death was evaluated by a cell counting assay. Apoptosis was determined by a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Cleaved caspase-3 expression was determined by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was fluorometrically measured using 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity was determined by a lucigenin assay. RESULTS Vaspin significantly inhibited MGO-induced HUVEC death. Vaspin significantly attenuated MGO-increased TUNEL-positive ECs. Moreover, vaspin significantly inhibited MGO-induced caspase-3 cleavage. Vaspin significantly inhibited MGO-induced ROS generation as well as NOX activation. CONCLUSIONS The present results for the first time demonstrate that vaspin inhibits MGO-induced EC apoptosis by preventing caspase-3 activation via the inhibition of NOX-derived ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Phalitakul
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - Y. Hara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
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Usui T, Morita T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Histone deacetylase 4 controls neointimal hyperplasia via stimulating proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 2013; 63:397-403. [PMID: 24166750 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are transcriptional coregulators. Recently, we demonstrated that HDAC4, one of class IIa family members, promotes reactive oxygen species-dependent vascular smooth muscle inflammation and mediates development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pathogenesis of hypertension is, in part, modulated by vascular structural remodeling via proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Thus, we examined whether HDAC4 controls SMC proliferation and migration. In rat mesenteric arterial SMCs, small interfering RNA against HDAC4 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced SMC proliferation as determined by a cell counting and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay as well as migration as determined by Boyden chamber assay. Expression and activity of HDAC4 were increased by PDGF-BB. HDAC4 small interfering RNA inhibited phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and heat shock protein 27 and expression of cyclin D1 as measured by Western blotting. HDAC4 small interfering RNA also inhibited PDGF-BB-induced reactive oxygen species production as measured fluorometrically using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity as measured by lucigenin assay. A Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, KN93, inhibited PDGF-BB-induced SMC proliferation and migration as well as phosphorylation of HDAC4. In vivo, a class IIa HDACs inhibitor, MC1568 prevented neointimal hyperplasia in mice carotid ligation model. MC1568 also prevented increased activation of HDAC4 in the neointimal lesions. The present results for the first time demonstrate that HDAC4 controls PDGF-BB-induced SMC proliferation and migration through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 signals via reactive oxygen species generation in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-dependent manner, which may lead to the neointimal hyperplasia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada City, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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Zhang B, Peng W, Li H, Lu Y, Zhuang J, Wang K, Su Y, Xu Y. Plasma vaspin concentrations are decreased in acute coronary syndrome, but unchanged in patients without coronary lesions. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1520-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Levosimendan inhibits interleukin-1β-induced cell migration and MMP-9 secretion in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Al-Alwan LA, Chang Y, Mogas A, Halayko AJ, Baglole CJ, Martin JG, Rousseau S, Eidelman DH, Hamid Q. Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2731-41. [PMID: 23904157 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural cell migration plays a central role in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including asthma. Previously, we established that IL-17-induced (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3) production promoted airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) migration, and consequently we sought to investigate the molecular mechanism of CXC-induced ASMC migration. Recombinant human CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 were used to assess migration of human primary ASMCs from normal and asthmatic subjects using a modified Boyden chamber. Neutralizing Abs or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown and pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK pathways were used to investigate the receptors and the signaling pathways involved in CXC-induced ASMC migration, respectively. We established the ability of CXCL2 and CXCL3, but not CXCL1, to induce ASMC migration at the tested concentrations using normal ASMCs. We found CXCL2-induced ASMC migration to be dependent on p38 MAPK and CXCR2, whereas CXCL3-induced migration was dependent on p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways via CXCR1 and CXCR2. While investigating the effect of CXCL2 and CXCL3 on asthmatic ASMC migration, we found that they induced greater migration of asthmatic ASMCs compared with normal ones. Interestingly, unlike normal ASMCs, CXCL2- and CXCL3-induced asthmatic ASMC migration was mainly mediated by the PI3K pathway through CXCR1. In conclusion, our results establish a new role of CXCR1 in ASMC migration and demonstrate the diverse mechanisms by which CXCL2 and CXCL3 mediate normal and asthmatic ASMC migration, suggesting that they may play a role in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Al-Alwan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
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Li H, Peng W, Zhuang J, Lu Y, Jian W, Wei Y, Li W, Xu Y. Vaspin attenuates high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and chemokinesis by inhibiting the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:61-8. [PMID: 23497782 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaspin has insulin-sensitizing effects, as well as additional beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the direct effects of vaspin on vascular complications mediated by diabetes. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and mechanism of vaspin on hyperglycemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation, chemokinesis and cell signaling. METHODS Rat VSMCs proliferation was determined with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine cell proliferation assays, chemokinesis was monitored with scratch assays, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed using H2DCFDA and SOD-inhibited reduction of ferricytochrome c assay. Luciferase activity is assayed using a Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System. Cell signaling is assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS Vaspin significantly inhibited VSMCs proliferation and chemokinesis, as well as ROS generation and NADPH oxidase activity, induced by high glucose (HG) treatment. Compared with HG, vaspin significantly decreased VSMCs proliferation by 40 ± 8% at 100 ng/ml. Vaspin also decreased ROS production by 16 ± 8% at 100 ng/ml and 30 ± 8% at 300 ng/ml (all P < 0.01). Vaspin significantly abolished HG-induced phosphorylation of oxidase subunits p47phox, Akt, p38, and JNK1/2 without affecting their total levels, and attenuated HG-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor and its downstream IRS-1 and IRS-2. For downstream targets, NF-κB activity and IκBα phosphorylation were both enhanced significantly after HG stimulation, and these effects were inhibited by vaspin. Vaspin also significantly abolished HG-induced PCNA and cyclin D1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Vaspin inhibits HG-induced VSMCs proliferation and chemokinesis by preventing ROS activation and MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Al-Azzam SI, Alzoubi KH, Abeeleh JA, Mhaidat NM, Abu-Abeeleh M. Effect of statin therapy on vaspin levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:33-8. [PMID: 23449848 PMCID: PMC3581289 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s42496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are commonly used antihyperlipidemic agents, with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that are thought to account for a significant portion of their ability to protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Vaspin, a visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, is an emerging adipokine with important insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective, and antiatherosclerotic properties in patients with diabetes. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we evaluated the effect of statin therapy on vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Patients were divided into two groups, ie, those receiving simvastatin (study group, n = 33), and those who did not (control group, n = 29). Patient data, blood biochemistry, and vaspin levels were recorded at the beginning of the study (baseline) and after 8 weeks (end of the study). RESULTS After 8 weeks of treatment, vaspin levels were increased in patients treated with simvastatin (504.58 ± 203.07 pg/mL at baseline versus 629.15 ± 68.39 pg/mL after 8 weeks, P < 0.01), but not in patients who were not treated with simvastatin (613.33 ± 357.53 pg/mL at baseline versus 582.37 ± 84.63 pg/mL after 8 weeks, P > 0.05). In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of simvastatin was reflected in a statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol in the study group (220.75 ± 55.66 mg/dL at baseline versus 201.90 ± 53.65 mg/dL after 8 weeks P < 0.01) but not in the control group (214.24 ± 47.2 mg/dL at baseline versus 215.72 ± 43.65 mg/dL after 8 weeks, P > 0.05) and in a statistically significant reduction in triglyceride levels in the study group (265.8 ± 210.41 mg/dL at baseline versus 223.03 ± 178.67 mg/dL after 8 weeks, P < 0.05) but not in the control group (225.44 ± 115.13 mg/dL at baseline versus 215.58 ± 110.2 mg/dL after 8 weeks, P > 0.05). Mean vaspin levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that statin therapy increases plasma vaspin levels in addition to having a lipid-lowering effect. This could be a mechanism underlying the pleiotropic effects seen with statins, including their cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayer I Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Nakatsuka A, Wada J, Iseda I, Teshigawara S, Higashio K, Murakami K, Kanzaki M, Inoue K, Terami T, Katayama A, Hida K, Eguchi J, Ogawa D, Matsuki Y, Hiramatsu R, Yagita H, Kakuta S, Iwakura Y, Makino H. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine proteinase inhibitor inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cells as a ligand for the cell-surface GRP78/voltage-dependent anion channel complex. Circ Res 2013; 112:771-80. [PMID: 23307819 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine proteinase inhibitor (vaspin) is an adipokine identified from visceral adipose tissues of genetically obese rats. OBJECTIVE The role of vaspin in the diabetic vascular complications remains elusive, and we investigated the effects of vaspin on the vascular function under the diabetic milieu. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenovirus carrying the full length of the vaspin gene (Vaspin-Ad) ameliorated intimal proliferation of balloon-injured carotid arteries in diabetic Wistar rats. The expression of Ccl2, Pdgfb, and Pdgfrb genes was significantly reduced by the treatment of Vaspin-Ad. In cuff-injured femoral arteries, the intimal proliferation was ameliorated in vaspin transgenic (Vaspin Tg) mice. The application of recombinant vaspin and Vaspin-Ad promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of human aortic endothelial cells. Adenovirus expressing vaspin with calmodulin and streptavidin-binding peptides was applied to human aortic endothelial cells, subjected to tandem tag purification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and we identified GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein) as an interacting molecule. The complex formation of vaspin, GRP78, and voltage-dependent anion channel on the plasma membrane was confirmed by the immunoprecipitation studies using aortas of Vaspin Tg mice. The binding assay using (125)I-vaspin in human aortic endothelial cells revealed high-affinity binding (dissociation constant = 0.565×10(-9) m) by the treatment of 5 μM thapsigargin, which recruited GRP78 from the endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. In human aortic endothelial cells, vaspin induced phosphorylation of Akt and inhibited the kringle 5-induced Ca(2+) influx and subsequent apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Vaspin is a novel ligand for the cell-surface GRP78/voltage-dependent anion channel complex in endothelial cells and promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and protects vascular injuries in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Vaspin increases nitric oxide bioavailability through the reduction of asymmetric dimethylarginine in vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52346. [PMID: 23284999 PMCID: PMC3532208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaspin is an adipocytokine recently identified in the visceral adipose tissue of diabetic rats and having anti-diabetic effects. We have recently shown that vaspin has anti-atherogenic effect through Akt-mediated inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis. Decreased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a well-known endogenous competitive inhibitor of eNOS and risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to examine whether vaspin might protect against atherosclerosis through its beneficial effects on the ADMA-eNOS system. Treatment of vaspin significantly increased NO secretion from endothelial cells and isolated aorta from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Furthermore, treatment of vaspin prevented fatty acid-induced decrease in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in isolated aorta of SD rat. For the mechanism of vaspin-induced NO biosynthesis, vaspin activated the STAT3 signaling pathway and stimulated eNOS phosphorylation (Ser 1177), a marker of eNOS activation, through STAT3-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, vaspin treatment increased the expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) II, the responsible enzyme for the degradation of ADMA, leading to a reduction in ADMA levels. Vaspin-induced increase in DDAH II gene expression was through STAT3-mediated stimulation of DDAH II promoter activity. These results suggest that vaspin increases eNOS activity by reducing ADMA level through STAT3-mediated regulation of DDAH II expression. Our findings provide a novel molecular mechanism of antiatherogenic actions of vaspin.
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Schultz S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Chemerin and vaspin: possible targets to treat obesity? ChemMedChem 2012; 8:549-59. [PMID: 23281340 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main human epidemics today. The increase in fat accumulation, which is associated with obesity, may significantly change the expression of several bioactive molecules known as adipokines. These adipokines interact not only with adipose tissue, but also with metabolically relevant organs such as liver and muscle. Understanding the molecular basics of potential novel targets might help to improve the therapeutic treatment of people who suffer from obesity. Herein we summarize the state of the art of two novel adipokines and their impaired or protective action in obesity: chemerin and vaspin. Their expression patterns, signal transduction activity, and resulting functions within the human body are introduced. We also discuss various possibilities to target these adipokines, which may represent promising new targets for the treatment of obesity by small and synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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