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Blank V, Karlas T, Anderegg U, Wiegand J, Arnold J, Bundalian L, Le Duc GD, Körner C, Ebert T, Saalbach A. Thy-1 restricts steatosis and liver fibrosis in steatotic liver disease. Liver Int 2024. [PMID: 38702958 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is generally considered to represent a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and includes a disease spectrum comprising isolated steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. A better understanding of the detailed underlying pathogenic mechanisms of this transition is crucial for the design of new and efficient therapeutic interventions. Thymocyte differentiation antigen (Thy-1, also known as CD90) expression on fibroblasts controls central functions relevant to fibrogenesis, including proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine responsiveness, and myofibroblast differentiation. METHODS The impact of Thy-1 on the development of SLD and progression to fibrosis was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced SLD wild-type and Thy-1-deficient mice. In addition, the serum soluble Thy-1 (sThy-1) concentration was analysed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD stratified according to steatosis, inflammation, or liver fibrosis using noninvasive markers. RESULTS We demonstrated that Thy-1 attenuates the development of fatty liver and the expression of profibrogenic genes in the livers of HFD-induced SLD mice. Mechanistically, Thy-1 directly inhibits the profibrotic activation of nonparenchymal liver cells. In addition, Thy-1 prevents palmitic acid-mediated amplification of the inflammatory response of myeloid cells, which might indirectly contribute to the pronounced development of liver fibrosis in Thy-1-deficient mice. Serum analysis of patients with metabolically associated steatotic liver disease syndrome revealed that sThy-1 expression is correlated with liver fibrosis status, as assessed by liver stiffness, the Fib4 score, and the NAFLD fibrosis score. CONCLUSION Our data strongly suggest that Thy-1 may function as a fibrosis-protective factor in mouse and human SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Blank
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound, Department of Internal Medicine I - Gastroenterology and Pneumology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Wiegand
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josi Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linnaeus Bundalian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriela-Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Körner
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Frost B, Schmidt M, Klein B, Loeffler-Wirth H, Krohn K, Reidenbach T, Binder H, Stubenvoll A, Simon JC, Saalbach A, Kunz M. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals prominent expression of IL-14, IL-18, and IL-32 in psoriasis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250354. [PMID: 37540729 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving different cytokines and chemokines. OBJECTIVES Here we use single-cell transcriptomic analyses to identify relevant immune cell and nonimmune cell populations for an in-depth characterization of cell types and inflammatory mediators in this disease. METHODS Psoriasis skin lesions of eight patients are analyzed using single-cell technology. Data are further validated by in situ hybridization (ISH) of human tissues, serum analyses of human samples and tissues of a murine model of psoriasis, and by in vitro cell culture experiments. RESULTS Several different immune-activated cell types with particular cytokine patterns are identified such as keratinocytes, T-helper cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Apart from well-known factors, IL-14 (TXLNA), IL-18, and IL-32 are identified with prominent expression in individual cell types in psoriasis. The percentage of inflammatory cellular subtypes expressing IL-14, IL-18, and IL-32 was significantly higher in psoriatic skin compared with healthy control skin. These findings were confirmed by ISH of human skin samples, in a murine model of psoriasis, in human serum samples, and in in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we provide a differentiated view of psoriasis immune-cell phenotypes that support the role of IL-14, IL-18, and IL-32 in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennet Frost
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knuth Krohn
- Medical Faculty, Center for DNA Technologies, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo Reidenbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Stubenvoll
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Saalbach A. Association of Nutrition, Obesity and Skin. Nutrients 2023; 15:2028. [PMID: 37432146 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition, together with weight gain, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and other factors, is a risk factors for chronic inflammatory diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Saalbach A, Seitz AT, Kohlmann J, Kalweit L, Vogt L, Selig L, Engel KM, Simon JC. Modulation of Dietary Fatty Acids in an Open-Label Study Improves Psoriasis and Dampens the Inflammatory Activation Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071698. [PMID: 37049538 PMCID: PMC10097201 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and high abdominal fat mass are risk factors for developing the chronic inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. They are associated with increased incidence, prevalence and severity of the disease. A positive effect of weight loss on psoriasis activity has been shown in several studies. Obesity-related factors such as the dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, the activation of adipose tissue and resultant persistent low-grade inflammation have been discussed as links of obesity and inflammatory diseases. Recently, we demonstrated a critical role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity-mediated exacerbation of psoriatic skin inflammation in both mice and humans. In the present study, we translated these findings into a therapeutic intervention. An open-label study focusing on the dietary reduction of FFAs was conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis, and disease severity and serum markers of inflammation were analyzed. Here, we show that such a dietary intervention improves psoriatic disease activity independently of weight loss. Diet-related metabolic changes, such as a reduction in saturated free fatty acids (SFAs), may thus be more important than weight loss itself. Moreover, dietary intervention inhibited the overall pro-inflammatory activation status in patients, as shown by analysis of serum inflammatory parameters using the Olink platform. From our pilot study, we conclude that dietary intervention focusing on SFA reduction has the capacity to reduce disease activity and general inflammatory status in psoriasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna-Theresa Seitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Kohlmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Kalweit
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Selig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin M. Engel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C. Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp Rosenthal Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Saalbach A, Kunz M. Editorial: Metabolic conditions of chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1123676. [PMID: 36643914 PMCID: PMC9834272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1123676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and joints associated with several comorbidities such as arthritis, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, Crohn's disease, uveitis and psychiatric and psychological diseases. Psoriasis has been described as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and thus patients with psoriasis should be monitored for the development of cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome. However, there is mounting evidence that psoriasis also affects the development of osteoporosis, an important metabolic disease with enormous clinical and socioeconomic impact. At present, there are still controversial opinions about the role of psoriasis in osteoporosis. A more in depth analysis of this phenomenon is of great importance for affected patients since, until now, bone metabolism is not routinely examined in psoriatic patients, which might have important long-term consequences for patients and the health system. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge on the impact of psoriatic inflammation on bone metabolism and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Franz S, Ertel A, Engel KM, Simon JC, Saalbach A. Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1659-1682. [PMID: 35198063 PMCID: PMC8825590 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: In obesity the fine-tuned balance of macrophage phenotypes is disturbed towards a dominance of pro-inflammatory macrophages resulting in exacerbation and persistence of inflammation and impaired tissue repair. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Methods: Impact of obesity on macrophage differentiation was studied in high fat diet induced obese and db/db mice during skin inflammation and wound repair, respectively. Mechanisms of S100A9-mediated effects on macrophage differentiation was studied on in vitro generated macrophages by genomic and proteomic approaches. The role of S100A9 on macrophage differentiation was investigated by pharmacological inhibition of S100A9 during skin inflammation and wound repair in obese and db/db mice. Results: We demonstrate an overexpression of S100A9 in conditions of obesity-associated disturbed macrophage differentiation in the skin. We show that saturated free fatty acids (SFA), which are increased in obesity, together with S100A9 induce TLR4 and inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release in macrophages which in turn amplifies S100A9 expression initiating a vicious cycle of sustained S100A9 overexpression in skin inflammation in obesity. We reveal a yet unrecognized impact of obesity-associated S100A9 overexpression on macrophage differentiation. S100A9 binding to TLR4 and activation of NFkB attenuates development of M2-like macrophages and induces pro-inflammatory functions in these cells. Consequently, inhibition of S100A9 restores disturbed M2-like macrophage differentiation in mouse models of obesity-associated skin inflammation and wound repair. Similarly, breaking the vicious cycle of S100A9 overexpression by dietary reduction of SFA restored M2-like macrophage activation. Improvement of skin inflammation and wound repair upon reduction of S100A9 by pharmacological inhibition or by reduction of SFA uncovers the pathogenic role of S100A9 overexpression in obesity. Conclusion: This study identifies S100A9 as a previously unrecognized vital component in obesity-associated disturbed macrophage differentiation and subsequent impaired regulation of inflammation and wound repair. The findings open new opportunities for therapeutic implications for inflammatory diseases and wound repair in obesity.
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Mentzel J, Kynast T, Kohlmann J, Kirsten H, Blüher M, Simon JC, Kunz M, Saalbach A. Reduced Serum Levels of Bone Formation Marker P1NP in Psoriasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:730164. [PMID: 34660638 PMCID: PMC8517119 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.730164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and joints. More recent data emphasize an association with dysregulated glucose and fatty acid metabolism, obesity, elevated blood pressure and cardiac disease, summarized as metabolic syndrome. TNF-α and IL-17, central players in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, are known to impair bone formation. Therefore, the relation between psoriasis and bone metabolism parameters was investigated. Two serum markers of either bone formation-N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) or bone resorption-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I)-were analyzed in a cohort of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. In patients with psoriasis, P1NP serum levels were reduced compared to gender-, age-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. CTX-I levels were indistinguishable between patients with psoriasis and controls. Consistently, induction of psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice decreases bone volume and activity of osteoblasts. Moreover, efficient anti-psoriatic treatment improved psoriasis severity, but did not reverse decreased P1NP level suggesting that independent of efficient skin treatment psoriasis did affect bone metabolism and might favor the development of osteoporosis. Taken together, evidence is provided that bone metabolism might be affected by psoriatic inflammation, which may have consequences for future patient counseling and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mentzel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tabea Kynast
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Kohlmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, Epidemiology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Spiller S, Wippold T, Bellmann-Sickert K, Franz S, Saalbach A, Anderegg U, Beck-Sickinger AG. Protease-Triggered Release of Stabilized CXCL12 from Coated Scaffolds in an Ex Vivo Wound Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101597. [PMID: 34683890 PMCID: PMC8539926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are designed to improve impaired healing of injured tissue. To accomplish better cell integration, we suggest to coat biomaterial surfaces with bio-functional proteins. Here, a mussel-derived surface-binding peptide is used and coupled to CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1α), a chemokine that activates CXCR4 and consequently recruits tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells. CXCL12 variants with either non-releasable or protease-mediated-release properties were designed and compared. Whereas CXCL12 was stabilized at the N-terminus for protease resistance, a C-terminal linker was designed that allowed for specific cleavage-mediated release by matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2, since both enzymes are frequently found in wound fluid. These surface adhesive CXCL12 derivatives were produced by expressed protein ligation. Functionality of the modified chemokines was assessed by inositol phosphate accumulation and cell migration assays. Increased migration of keratinocytes and primary mesenchymal stem cells was demonstrated. Immobilization and release were studied for bioresorbable PCL-co-LC scaffolds, and accelerated wound closure was demonstrated in an ex vivo wound healing assay on porcine skin grafts. After 24 h, a significantly improved CXCL12-specific growth stimulation of the epithelial tips was already observed. The presented data display a successful application of protein-coated biomaterials for skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Spiller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (K.B.-S.)
| | - Tom Wippold
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (K.B.-S.)
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (U.A.); (A.G.B.-S.); Tel.: +49-341-972-5881 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6900 (A.G.B.-S.); Fax: +49-341-972-5878 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6909 (A.G.B.-S.)
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (K.B.-S.)
- Correspondence: (U.A.); (A.G.B.-S.); Tel.: +49-341-972-5881 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6900 (A.G.B.-S.); Fax: +49-341-972-5878 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6909 (A.G.B.-S.)
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10
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Brazel CB, Simon JC, Tuckermann JP, Saalbach A. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 Expression by Insulin in Skin: Impact for Diabetic Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123878. [PMID: 33260645 PMCID: PMC7760287 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, non-healing wounds impose a great burden on patients, professionals and health care systems worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are globally highly prevalent metabolic disorders and increase the risk for developing chronic wounds. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are endogenous stress hormones that exert profound effects on inflammation and repair systems. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) is the key enzyme which controls local GC availability in target tissues such as skin. Since treatment with GCs has detrimental side effects on skin integrity, causing atrophy and delayed wound healing, we asked whether the dysregulated expression of 11β-HSD1 and consequently local GC levels in skin contribute to delayed wound healing in obese, diabetic db/db mice. We found increased expression of 11β-HSD1 during disturbed wound healing and in the healthy skin of obese, diabetic db/db mice. Cell analysis revealed increased expression of 11β-HSD1 in fibroblasts, myeloid cells and dermal white adipose tissue from db/db mice, while expression in keratinocytes was unaffected. Among diabetes- and obesity-related factors, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 down-regulated 11β-HSD1 expression in fibroblasts and myeloid cells, while glucose, fatty acids, TNF-α and IL-1β did not affect it. Insulin exerted its inhibitory effect on 11β-HSD1 expression by activating PI3-kinase/Akt-signalling. Consequently, the inhibitory effect of insulin is attenuated in fibroblasts from insulin-resistant db/db mice. We conclude that insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes prevents the down-regulation of 11β-HSD1, leading to elevated endogenous GC levels in diabetic skin, which could contribute to impaired wound healing in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B. Brazel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.B.B.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jan C. Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.B.B.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
- Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.B.B.); (J.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9725880; Fax: +49-341-9725878
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Schneider LE, Protschka M, Müller U, Muhsen M, Magin TM, Anderegg U, Saalbach A, Büttner M, Alber G, Siegemund S. Orf virus infection of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts: Limited virus detection and interference with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:142-151. [PMID: 30554456 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus (Parapoxvirus ovis, ORFV) is a dermatotropic virus causing pustular dermatitis in small ruminants and humans. We analysed isolated human primary keratinocytes (KC) and dermal fibroblasts (FB) for cell death and virus replication by infection with a patient-derived ORFV isolate. ORFV infection was associated with rapid induction of cell death in KC allowing for considerable virus removal. Upon infection with ORFV, KC and FB harboured intracytoplasmic ORFV and showed viral protein presence; however, missing virus spread indicated an abortive infection. Upon ORFV exposure, KC but not FB secreted the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6. ORFV infection enhanced the frequency of KC expressing intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 which was independent of IL-6. Interestingly, ORFV inhibited ICAM-1 up-regulation on infected but not on non-infected KC. Even interferon-γ, a potent inducer of ICAM-1, up-regulated ICAM-1 only on non-infected KC. Transfer of ORFV-free supernatant from infected to non-infected KC induced ICAM-1 on non-infected KC pointing to the involvement of soluble mediator(s). Similarly as in KC, in FB interference with ICAM-1 up-regulation by ORFV infection was also observed. In conclusion, we shed light on epidermal and dermal defense mechanisms to ORFV infection and point to a novel ICAM-1-related immune evasion mechanism of ORFV in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Schneider
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahmod Muhsen
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Siegemund
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Sommer K, Saalbach A, Brosch T, Hall C, Cross NM, Andre JB. Correction of Motion Artifacts Using a Multiscale Fully Convolutional Neural Network. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:416-423. [PMID: 32054615 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Motion artifacts are a frequent source of image degradation in the clinical application of MR imaging (MRI). Here we implement and validate an MRI motion-artifact correction method using a multiscale fully convolutional neural network. MATERIALS AND METHODS The network was trained to identify motion artifacts in axial T2-weighted spin-echo images of the brain. Using an extensive data augmentation scheme and a motion artifact simulation pipeline, we created a synthetic training dataset of 93,600 images based on only 16 artifact-free clinical MRI cases. A blinded reader study using a unique test dataset of 28 additional clinical MRI cases with real patient motion was conducted to evaluate the performance of the network. RESULTS Application of the network resulted in notably improved image quality without the loss of morphologic information. For synthetic test data, the average reduction in mean squared error was 41.84%. The blinded reader study on the real-world test data resulted in significant reduction in mean artifact scores across all cases (P < .03). CONCLUSIONS Retrospective correction of motion artifacts using a multiscale fully convolutional network is promising and may mitigate the substantial motion-related problems in the clinical MRI workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sommer
- From Philips Research, (K.S., A.S., T.B.) Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Saalbach
- From Philips Research, (K.S., A.S., T.B.) Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Brosch
- From Philips Research, (K.S., A.S., T.B.) Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Hall
- Radiology Solutions (C.H.), Philips, Seattle, Washington
| | - N M Cross
- Department of Radiology (N.M.C., J.B.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - J B Andre
- Department of Radiology (N.M.C., J.B.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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13
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Picke AK, Campbell GM, Blüher M, Krügel U, Schmidt FN, Tsourdi E, Winzer M, Rauner M, Vukicevic V, Busse B, Salbach-Hirsch J, Tuckermann JP, Simon JC, Anderegg U, Hofbauer LC, Saalbach A. Thy-1 (CD90) promotes bone formation and protects against obesity. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/453/eaao6806. [PMID: 30089635 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and obesity result from disturbed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and present emerging challenges for our aging society. Because of the regulatory role of Thy-1 in mesenchyme-derived fibroblasts, we investigated the impact of Thy-1 expression on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and consequences for bone formation and adipose tissue development in vivo. MSCs from Thy-1-deficient mice have decreased osteoblast differentiation and increased adipogenic differentiation compared to MSCs from wild-type mice. Consistently, Thy-1-deficient mice exhibited decreased bone volume and bone formation rate with elevated cortical porosity, resulting in lower bone strength. In parallel, body weight, subcutaneous/epigonadal fat mass, and bone fat volume were increased. Thy-1 deficiency was accompanied by reduced expression of specific Wnt ligands with simultaneous increase of the Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and dickkopf-1 and an altered responsiveness to Wnt. We demonstrated that disturbed bone remodeling in osteoporosis and dysregulated adipose tissue accumulation in patients with obesity were mirrored by reduced serum Thy-1 concentrations. Our findings provide new insights into the mutual regulation of bone formation and obesity and open new perspectives to monitor and to interfere with the dysregulated balance of adipogenesis and osteogenesis in obesity and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Picke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Graeme M Campbell
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, UL, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Maria Winzer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Vladimir Vukicevic
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, UL, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Salbach-Hirsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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Abstract
Psoriasis is chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting skin, joints, cardiovascular system, brain, and metabolism. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is mediated by a complex interplay between the immune system, inflammatory mediators of different pathways, e.g., TNF-alpha and the IL-23/IL-17 pathways, psoriasis-associated susceptibility loci, autoantigens, and multiple environmental factors. Psoriasis is triggered by the combination of genetic and environmental factors. A novel environmental risk factor with rising importance is obesity. Several studies proved that obesity is an independent risk factor for the onset and severity of psoriasis. Due to the dramatic increase of obesity worldwide this minireview focuses on obesity as a major environmental risk factor for psoriasis and the mechanisms of obesity-mediated exacerbation of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Thönes S, Rother S, Wippold T, Blaszkiewicz J, Balamurugan K, Moeller S, Ruiz-Gómez G, Schnabelrauch M, Scharnweber D, Saalbach A, Rademann J, Pisabarro MT, Hintze V, Anderegg U. Hyaluronan/collagen hydrogels containing sulfated hyaluronan improve wound healing by sustained release of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:135-147. [PMID: 30660005 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional biomaterials that are able to bind, stabilize and release bioactive proteins in a defined manner are required for the controlled delivery of such to the desired place of action, stimulating wound healing in health-compromised patients. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) represent a very promising group of components since they may be functionally engineered and are well tolerated by the recipient tissues due to their relative immunological inertness. Ligands of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) activate keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts and, thus, contribute to skin wound healing. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) bound to GAG in biomaterials (e.g. hydrogels) might serve as a reservoir that induces prolonged activation of the EGF receptor and to recover disturbed wound healing. Based on previous findings, the capacity of hyaluronan (HA) and its sulfated derivatives (sHA) to bind and release HB-EGF from HA/collagen-based hydrogels was investigated. Docking and molecular dynamics analysis of a molecular model of HB-EGF led to the identification of residues in the heparin-binding domain of the protein being essential for the recognition of GAG derivatives. Furthermore, molecular modeling and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses demonstrated that sulfation of HA increases binding strength to HB-EGF thus providing a rationale for the development of sHA-containing hydrogels. In line with computational observations and in agreement with SPR results, gels containing sHA displayed a retarded HB-EGF release in vitro compared to pure HA/collagen gels. Hydrogels containing HA and collagen or a mixture with sHA were shown to bind and release bioactive HB-EGF over at least 72 h, which induced keratinocyte migration, EGFR-signaling and HGF expression in dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, hydrogels containing sHA strongly increased the effectivity of HB-EGF in inducing epithelial tip growth in epithelial wounds shown in a porcine skin organ culture model. These findings suggest that hydrogels containing HA and sHA can be engineered for smart and effective wound dressings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immobilization and sustained release of recombinant proteins from functional biomaterials might overcome the limited success of direct application of non-protected solute growth factors during the treatment of impaired wound healing. We developed HA/collagen-based hydrogels supplemented with acrylated sulfated HA for binding and release of HB-EGF. We analyzed the molecular basis of HB-EGF interaction with HA and its chemical derivatives by in silico modeling and surface plasmon resonance. These hydrogels bind HB-EGF reversibly. Using different in vitro assays and organ culture we demonstrate that the introduction of sulfated HA into the hydrogels significantly increases the effectivity of HB-EGF action on target cells. Therefore, sulfated HA-containing hydrogels are promising functional biomaterials for the development of mediator releasing wound dressings.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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17
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Picke AK, Sylow L, Møller LLV, Kjøbsted R, Schmidt FN, Steejn MW, Salbach-Hirsch J, Hofbauer C, Blüher M, Saalbach A, Busse B, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC. Differential effects of high-fat diet and exercise training on bone and energy metabolism. Bone 2018; 116:120-134. [PMID: 30036679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone microarchitecture and strength are impaired by obesity and physical inactivity, but the underlying molecular regulation of bone metabolism in response to these factors is not well understood. Therefore, we analyzed bone and energy metabolism in male mice fed a high-fat or standard chow diet for 12 weeks with or without free access to running wheels. High-fat diet (HFD) mimicked the human condition of obesity and insulin resistance, including symptoms such as elevated serum glucose and insulin levels and reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue. Interestingly, HFD also decreased (-44%) glucose uptake into bone marrow. Bone mass was reduced (-45%) by HFD due to a diminished (-45%) bone remodeling rate. Bone matrix quality aspects, such as biomechanical stability, were additionally decreased. Concurrently, the bone marrow adiposity increased (+63%) in response to a HFD. Further, we detected elevated expression of the Wnt signaling inhibitor dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1, +42%) in mice fed a HFD, but this was not reflected in serum samples obtained from obese humans. In mice, exercise attenuated the adverse effects of HFD by reversing the glucose uptake into bone marrow, improving the bone mass and bone matrix quality while decreasing the bone marrow adiposity. This data shows that exercise prevents some, but not all of the negative effects of HFD on bone health and suggests that insulin signaling in bone marrow and Dkk-1 signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of bone loss induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Picke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikkel Wermer Steejn
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juliane Salbach-Hirsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Hofbauer
- University Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology of Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Picke AK, Campbell GM, Schmidt FN, Busse B, Rauner M, Simon JC, Anderegg U, Hofbauer LC, Saalbach A. Thy-1 Deficiency Augments Bone Loss in Obesity by Affecting Bone Formation and Resorption. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:127. [PMID: 30333974 PMCID: PMC6176687 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy bone remodeling results from a balanced bone formation and bone resorption realized by bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, respectively. Recently, Thy-1 (CD90) was identified as positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and activation, thus, promoting bone formation while concurrently inhibiting adipogenesis and obesity in mice. Additionally, Thy-1 did not affect bone resorption. An obesity-related co-morbidity that is increasing in prevalence is a disturbed bone formation resulting in an increased fracture risk. The underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced bone alterations are not yet fully elucidated and therefore therapy options for efficient bone-anabolic treatments are limited. Therefore, we investigated the impact of Thy-1 on bone metabolism under obese conditions. Indeed, high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice lacking Thy-1 (Thy-1−/−) showed increased body fat mass compared to wildtype (WT) mice while bone mass (−38%) and formation (−57%) were decreased as shown by micro-computed tomography (μCT) measurement, histological analysis, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Interestingly, under obese conditions, lack of Thy-1 affected both osteoblast and osteoclast function. Number (−30%) and activity of osteoblasts were decreased in obese Thy-1−/− mice while osteoclast number (+39%) and activity were increased. Facilitated bone marrow fat accumulation (+56%) in obese Thy-1−/− mice compared to obese WT mice was associated with upregulated tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfα, +46%) and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r) expression, strong promoters of osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, lack of Thy-1 was accompanied by a reduction of osteoprotegerin (Tnfrsf11b) expression (−36%), an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation. Altered Tnfα, Csf1r, and Tnfrsf11b expression might be responsible for elevated osteoclast activity in obese Thy-1-deficient mice. In summary, our findings show that lack of Thy-1 promotes obesity under HFD conditions while concurrently decreasing bone mass and formation. Mechanistic studies revealed that under obese conditions lack of Thy-1 impairs both bone formation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Picke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Graeme M Campbell
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Herbert D, Franz S, Popkova Y, Anderegg U, Schiller J, Schwede K, Lorz A, Simon JC, Saalbach A. High-Fat Diet Exacerbates Early Psoriatic Skin Inflammation Independent of Obesity: Saturated Fatty Acids as Key Players. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Schmidt N, Kollewe A, Constantin CE, Henrich S, Ritzau-Jost A, Bildl W, Saalbach A, Hallermann S, Kulik A, Fakler B, Schulte U. Neuroplastin and Basigin Are Essential Auxiliary Subunits of Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPases and Key Regulators of Ca2+ Clearance. Neuron 2017; 96:827-838.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Ulbricht D, Oertwig K, Arnsburg K, Saalbach A, Pippel J, Sträter N, Heiker JT. Basic Residues of β-Sheet A Contribute to Heparin Binding and Activation of Vaspin (Serpin A12). J Biol Chem 2016; 292:994-1004. [PMID: 27941022 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many members of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family are activated by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin), serpin A12 of the serpin family, and its target protease kallikrein 7 (KLK7) are heparin-binding proteins, and inhibition of KLK7 by vaspin is accelerated by heparin. However, the nature of GAG binding to vaspin is not known. Here, we measured vaspin binding of various glycosaminoglycans and low molecular weight heparins by microscale thermophoresis and analyzed acceleration of protease inhibition by these molecules. In addition, basic residues contributing to heparin binding and heparin activation were identified by a selective labeling approach. Together, these data show that vaspin binds heparin with high affinity (KD = 21 ± 2 nm) and that binding takes place at a basic patch on top of β-sheet A and is different from other heparin-binding serpins. Mutation of basic residues decreased heparin binding and activation of vaspin. Similarly, reactive center loop insertion into sheet A decreased heparin binding because it disturbs the basic cluster. Finally, using vaspin-overexpressing keratinocyte cells, we show that a significant part of secreted vaspin is bound in the extracellular matrix on the cell surface. Together, basic residues of central β-sheet A contribute to heparin binding and activation of vaspin. Thus, binding to GAGs in the extracellular matrix can direct and regulate vaspin interaction with target proteases or other proteins and may play an important role in the various beneficial functions of vaspin in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulbricht
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology
| | - Kathrin Oertwig
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology
| | - Kristin Arnsburg
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology
| | - Anja Saalbach
- the Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, and
| | - Jan Pippel
- the Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- the Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy, and Psychology,
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22
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Herbert D, Lorz A, Stelzner K, Popkova Y, Simon J, Saalbach A. 231 Free fatty acids sensitize dermal cells to amplify TH1/TH17-immune responses. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Stelzner K, Herbert D, Popkova Y, Lorz A, Schiller J, Gericke M, Klöting N, Blüher M, Franz S, Simon JC, Saalbach A. Free fatty acids sensitize dendritic cells to amplify TH1/TH17-immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2043-53. [PMID: 27214608 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with body fat gain and impaired glucose metabolism. Here, we identified both body fat gain in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism as two independent risk factors for increased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). Since obesity is associated with increased and/or delayed resolution of inflammation observed in various chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, we investigated the impact of FFAs on human monocyte-derived and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DCs) functions relevant for the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. FFAs such as palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) did not affect the pro-inflammatory immune response of DCs. In contrast, PA and OA sensitize DCs resulting in augmented secretion of TH1/TH17-instructive cytokines upon pro-inflammatory stimulation. Interestingly, obesity in mice worsened a TH1/TH17-driven psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Strong correlation of the amount of total FFA, PA, and OA in serum with the severity of skin inflammation points to a critical role of FFA in obesity-mediated exacerbation of skin inflammation. Our data suggest that increased levels of FFAs might be a predisposing factor promoting a TH1/TH17-mediated inflammation such as psoriasis in response to an inflammatory danger signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stelzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Herbert
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yulia Popkova
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Lorz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of University of Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Malecka A, Wang Q, Shah S, Sutavani RV, Spendlove I, Ramage JM, Greensmith J, Franks HA, Gough MJ, Saalbach A, Patel PM, Jackson AM. Stromal fibroblasts support dendritic cells to maintain IL-23/Th17 responses after exposure to ionizing radiation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:381-9. [PMID: 27049023 PMCID: PMC4945355 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1015-474r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross talk between DCs and FBs in understanding the effects of IR in DC function. Dendritic cell function is modulated by stromal cells, including fibroblasts. Although poorly understood, the signals delivered through this crosstalk substantially alter dendritic cell biology. This is well illustrated with release of TNF-α/IL-1β from activated dendritic cells, promoting PGE2 secretion from stromal fibroblasts. This instructs dendritic cells to up-regulate IL-23, a key Th17-polarizing cytokine. We previously showed that ionizing radiation inhibited IL-23 production by human dendritic cells in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that dendritic cell-fibroblast crosstalk overcomes the suppressive effect of ionizing radiation to support appropriately polarized Th17 responses. Radiation (1–6 Gy) markedly suppressed IL-23 secretion by activated dendritic cells (P < 0.0001) without adversely impacting their viability and consequently, inhibited the generation of Th17 responses. Cytokine suppression by ionizing radiation was selective, as there was no effect on IL-1β, -6, -10, and -27 or TNF-α and only a modest (11%) decrease in IL-12p70 secretion. Coculture with fibroblasts augmented IL-23 secretion by irradiated dendritic cells and increased Th17 responses. Importantly, in contrast to dendritic cells, irradiated fibroblasts maintained their capacity to respond to TNF-α/IL-1β and produce PGE2, thus providing the key intermediary signals for successful dendritic cell-fibroblasts crosstalk. In summary, stromal fibroblasts support Th17-polarizing cytokine production by dendritic cells that would otherwise be suppressed in an irradiated microenvironment. This has potential ramifications for understanding the immune response to local radiotherapy. These findings underscore the need to account for the impact of microenvironmental factors, including stromal cells, in understanding the control of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malecka
- Host-Tumour Interactions Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Qunwei Wang
- Host-Tumour Interactions Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sabaria Shah
- Host-Tumour Interactions Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruhcha V Sutavani
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Spendlove
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M Ramage
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Greensmith
- Host-Tumour Interactions Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Intelligent Modelling and Analysis Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hester A Franks
- Host-Tumour Interactions Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Klinik fur Dermatologie, University of Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Poulam M Patel
- Host-Tumour Interactions Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Jackson
- Host-Tumour Interactions Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom;
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25
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Bhattacharya A, Schmitz U, Raatz Y, Schönherr M, Kottek T, Schauer M, Franz S, Saalbach A, Anderegg U, Wolkenhauer O, Schadendorf D, Simon JC, Magin T, Vera J, Kunz M. miR-638 promotes melanoma metastasis and protects melanoma cells from apoptosis and autophagy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2966-80. [PMID: 25650662 PMCID: PMC4413631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study identified miR-638 as one of the most significantly overexpressed miRNAs in metastatic lesions of melanomas compared with primary melanomas. miR-638 enhanced the tumorigenic properties of melanoma cells in vitro and lung colonization in vivo. mRNA expression profiling identified new candidate genes including TP53INP2 as miR-638 targets, the majority of which are involved in p53 signalling. Overexpression of TP53INP2 severely attenuated proliferative and invasive capacity of melanoma cells which was reversed by miR-638. Depletion of miR-638 stimulated expression of p53 and p53 downstream target genes and induced apoptosis and autophagy. miR-638 promoter analysis identified the miR-638 target transcription factor associated protein 2α (TFAP2A/AP-2α) as a direct negative regulator of miR-638, suggestive for a double-negative regulatory feedback loop. Taken together, miR-638 supports melanoma progression and suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis pathways, autophagy and expression of the transcriptional repressor TFAP2A/AP-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Bhattacharya
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yvonne Raatz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madeleine Schönherr
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina Kottek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Schauer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Schmidt M, Gutknecht D, Simon JC, Schulz JN, Eckes B, Anderegg U, Saalbach A. Controlling the Balance of Fibroblast Proliferation and Differentiation: Impact of Thy-1. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1893-1902. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Saalbach A, Janik T, Busch M, Herbert D, Anderegg U, Simon JC. Fibroblasts support migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells by secretion of PGE2 and MMP-1. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:598-604. [PMID: 25865800 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of a cutaneous immune response is critically dependent upon the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to migrate from skin to the draining lymph nodes - a process that is influenced by the cutaneous tissue microenvironment. Here, the role of fibroblasts - a major component of the dermal microenvironment - on the migratory capacity of monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) was investigated in a 3D collagen I matrix. Indeed, dermal fibroblasts supported the migration of pre-activated MoDC through a 3D collagen I matrix. Activation of human MoDC resulted in the release of TNFα and IL-1β that in turn stimulated MMP-1 (human collagenase) and PGE2 secretion by human dermal fibroblasts. Transmigration assays confirmed the importance of fibroblast-derived MMP-1 and PGE2 for the migration of MoDC through a 3D collagen I matrix. Finally, in mice initiation of inflammation by induction of an irritant contact dermatitis or a psoriasis-like skin inflammation, the expression of the PGE2 generating cox-2 and the mouse collagen I degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-13 was strongly up-regulated. Our study indicates that MoDC are able to instruct dermal fibroblasts resulting in enhanced migratory capability of MoDC, thus highlighting the role of a crosstalk of DC with their stromal microenvironment for the control of cutaneous immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Janik
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Busch
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Herbert
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Schönherr M, Bhattacharya A, Kottek T, Szymczak S, Köberle M, Wickenhauser C, Siebolts U, Saalbach A, Koczan D, Magin TM, Simon JC, Kunz M. Genomewide RNAi screen identifies protein kinase Cb and new members of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as regulators of melanoma cell growth and metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:418-30. [PMID: 24406113 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale RNAi screen was performed for eight different melanoma cell lines using a pooled whole-genome lentiviral shRNA library. shRNAs affecting proliferation of transduced melanoma cells were negatively selected during 10 days of culture. Overall, 617 shRNAs were identified by microarray hybridization. Pathway analyses identified mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway members such as ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and MAP3K7 and protein kinase C β (PKCβ) as candidate genes. Knockdown of PKCβ most consistently reduced cellular proliferation, colony formation and migratory capacity of melanoma cells and was selected for further validation. PKCβ showed enhanced expression in human primary melanomas and distant metastases as compared with benign melanocytic nevi. Moreover, treatment of melanoma cells with PKCβ-specific inhibitor enzastaurin reduced melanoma cell growth but had only small effects on benign fibroblasts. Finally, PKCβ-shRNA significantly reduced lung colonization capacity of stably transduced melanoma cells in mice. Taken together, this study identified new candidate genes for melanoma cell growth and proliferation. PKCβ seems to play an important role in these processes and might serve as a new target for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Schönherr
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Malesevic M, Gutknecht D, Prell E, Klein C, Schumann M, Nowak RA, Simon JC, Schiene-Fischer C, Saalbach A. Anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular cyclosporins are exclusively mediated by CD147. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7302-11. [PMID: 23964991 DOI: 10.1021/jm4007577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking and recruitment is a critical process in host immune surveillance and in inflammatory diseases. Extracellular cyclophilins (eCyps) have been identified as a novel class of chemotactic mediators. The impact of eCyp/CD147 interactions for the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation was analyzed using a structurally simplified cell-impermeable eCyp inhibitor. This compound was highly effective at inhibiting leukocyte migration toward CypA in vitro as well as in the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation in a mouse model of experimentally induced peritonitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. By using CD147-/- mice in combination with the cell-impermeable eCyp inhibitor, we were able to show that the action of eCyps in inflammation is exclusively mediated by interaction with CD147. Our findings suggest that blocking eCyps may be an effective therapeutic target for reducing inflammatory diseases associated with leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Malesevic
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding , Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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30
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Bi J, Li Y, Sun F, Saalbach A, Klein C, Miller DJ, Hess R, Nowak RA. Basigin null mutant male mice are sterile and exhibit impaired interactions between germ cells and Sertoli cells. Dev Biol 2013; 380:145-56. [PMID: 23727514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Basigin (BSG) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays an important role in male reproduction since male knockout (KO) mice are sterile. The Bsg KO testis lacks elongated spermatids and mature spermatozoa, a phenotype similar to that of alpha-mannosidase IIx (MX) KO mice. MX regulates formation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) terminated N-glycans that participate in germ cell-Sertoli cell adhesion. Results showed that Bsg KO spermatocytes displayed normal homologous chromosome synapsis and progression through meiosis. However, only punctate expression of the round spermatid marker SP-10 in the acrosomal granule of germ cells of Bsg KO mice was detected indicating that spermatogenesis in Bsg KO mice was arrested at the early round spermatid stages. We observed a large increase in the number of germ cells undergoing apoptosis in Bsg KO testes. Using lectin blotting, we determined that GlcNAc terminated N-glycans are linked to BSG. GlcNAc terminated N-glycans were significantly reduced in Bsg KO testes. These observations indicate that BSG may act as a germ cell-Sertoli cell attachment molecule. Loss of BSG significantly reduced adhesion between GC-2 and SF7 cells. Moreover, wild type testes showed strong expression of N-cadherin (CDH2) while expression was greatly reduced in the testes of Bsg KO mice. In addition, the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) was compromised in Bsg KO testes. In conclusion, although some Bsg KO spermatogonia can undergo normal progression to the spermatocyte stage, BSG-mediated germ cell-Sertoli cell interactions appear to be necessary for integrity of the BTB and spermatocyte progression to mature spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Bi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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31
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Kollert F, Christoph S, Probst C, Budweiser S, Bannert B, Binder M, Sehnert B, Voll RE, Warnatz K, Zissel G, Walker UA, Prasse A, Saalbach A. Soluble CD90 as a potential marker of pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:281-7. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Schubert K, Gutknecht D, Köberle M, Anderegg U, Saalbach A. Melanoma Cells Use Thy-1 (CD90) on Endothelial Cells for Metastasis Formation. The American Journal of Pathology 2013; 182:266-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease often associated with obesity. The anti-inflammatory adipokine vaspin, a suggested serine proteinase inhibitor of the serpin family, is discussed as a new link between inflammation and obesity. Here, we demonstrate that - different from healthy controls - vaspin serum levels in patients with psoriasis were body mass index independent. Moreover, we could identify keratinocytes as the major source of vaspin in skin. Vaspin expression in lesional psoriatic skin was reduced compared with uninvolved skin as shown by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. In aggregate, we report on the cellular source of vaspin in skin and its expression in psoriasis.
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34
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Willenberg A, Saalbach A, Simon JC, Anderegg U. Melanoma Cells Control HA Synthesis in Peritumoral Fibroblasts via PDGF-AA and PDGF-CC: Impact on Melanoma Cell Proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:385-93. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Wandel E, Saalbach A, Sittig D, Gebhardt C, Aust G. Thy-1 (CD90) Is an Interacting Partner for CD97 on Activated Endothelial Cells. J I 2011; 188:1442-50. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Jahns J, Anderegg U, Saalbach A, Rosin B, Patties I, Glasow A, Kamprad M, Scholz M, Hildebrandt G. Influence of low dose irradiation on differentiation, maturation and T-cell activation of human dendritic cells. Mutat Res 2011; 709-710:32-9. [PMID: 21376737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing irradiation could act directly on immune cells and may induce bystander effects mediated by soluble factors that are released by the irradiated cells. This is the first study analyzing both the direct effect of low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) on the maturation and cytokine release of human dendritic cells (DCs) and the functional consequences for co-cultured T-cells. We showed that irradiation of DC-precursors in vitro does not influence surface marker expression or cytokine profile of immature DCs nor of mature DCs after LPS treatment. There was no difference of single dose irradiation versus fractionated irradiation protocols on the behavior of the mature DCs. Further, the low dose irradiation did not change the capacity of the DCs to stimulate T-cell proliferation. But the irradiation of the co-culture of DCs and T-cells revealed significantly lower proliferation of T-cells with higher doses. Summarizing the data from approx. 50 DC preparations there is no significant effect of low dose ionizing irradiation on the cytokine profile, surface marker expression and maturation of DCs in vitro although functional consequences cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Jahns
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstrasse 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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37
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Schubert K, Polte T, Bönisch U, Schader S, Holtappels R, Hildebrandt G, Lehmann J, Simon JC, Anderegg U, Saalbach A. Thy-1 (CD90) regulates the extravasation of leukocytes during inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:645-56. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Bohnekamp J, Böselt I, Saalbach A, Tönjes A, Kovacs P, Biebermann H, Manvelyan HM, Polte T, Gasperikova D, Lkhagvasuren S, Baier L, Stumvoll M, Römpler H, Schöneberg T. Involvement of the chemokine-like receptor GPR33 in innate immunity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:272-7. [PMID: 20399748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors control leukocyte chemotaxis and cell-cell communication but have also been associated with pathogen entry. GPR33, an orphan member of the chemokine-like receptor family, is a pseudogene in most humans. After the appearance of GPR33 in first mammalian genomes, this receptor underwent independent pseudogenization in humans, other hominoids and some rodent species. It was speculated that a likely cause of GPR33 inactivation was its interplay with a rodent-hominoid-specific pathogen. Simultaneous pseudogenization in several unrelated species within the last 1 million years (myr) caused by neutral drift appears to be very unlikely suggesting selection on the GPR33 null-allele. Although there are no signatures of recent selection on human GPR33 we found a significant increase in the pseudogene allele frequency in European populations when compared with African and Asian populations. Because its role in the immune system was still hypothetical expression analysis revealed that GPR33 is highly expressed in dendritic cells (DC). Murine GPR33 expression is regulated by the activity of toll-like receptors (TLR) and AP-1/NF-kappaB signaling pathways in cell culture and in vivo. Our data indicate an important role of GPR33 function in innate immunity which became dispensable during human evolution most likely due to past or balancing selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bohnekamp
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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39
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Anderegg U, Eichenberg T, Parthaune T, Haiduk C, Saalbach A, Milkova L, Ludwig A, Grosche J, Averbeck M, Gebhardt C, Voelcker V, Sleeman JP, Simon JC. ADAM10 is the constitutive functional sheddase of CD44 in human melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:1471-82. [PMID: 18971959 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD44 proteins are cell surface receptors for hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix that has multiple effects on cell behavior. CD44 can be shed from the cell surface by proteolytic cleavage. The resulting soluble form can interfere with the interaction between HA and membrane-bound CD44. Soluble CD44 can abolish the cell proliferation-promoting effect of HA on melanoma cell lines, suggesting that a better understanding of the shedding process might identify ways of blocking tumor cell proliferation. ADAM10, ADAM17, and MMP14 have previously been implicated in the shedding of CD44 from various tumor cells. Using immunohistochemistry we demonstrate that ADAM10 and ADAM17 but not MMP14 are significantly expressed on melanoma cells in histological sections. In human melanoma cell lines expression of these proteases could be blocked by transfection with appropriate siRNAs. However, only blocking of ADAM10 expression led to decreased shedding of CD44. In parallel, cell proliferation was promoted. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that ADAM10 and CD44 colocalize on the cell surface. We conclude that ADAM10 is the predominant protease involved in the constitutive shedding of endogenous CD44 from melanoma cells, and that enhancement of ADAM10 activity could be an approach to decrease the proliferation of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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40
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Saalbach A, Arnhold J, Leßig J, Simon J, Anderegg U. Human Thy-1 induces secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and CXCL8 from human neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1391-403. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Voelcker V, Gebhardt C, Averbeck M, Saalbach A, Wolf V, Weih F, Sleeman J, Anderegg U, Simon J. Hyaluronan fragments induce cytokine and metalloprotease upregulation in human melanoma cells in part by signalling via TLR4. Exp Dermatol 2007; 17:100-7. [PMID: 18031543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small fragments of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid (sHA) are typically produced at sites of inflammation and tissue injury and have been shown to be associated with tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Here we report that exposure of human melanoma cells to sHA leads to nuclear factor kB (NFk-B) activation followed by enhanced expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2 and interleukin (IL)-8, factors that can contribute to melanoma progression. At the receptor level, we found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is involved in this signalling pathway, similar to the case in dendritic and endothelial cells. Specifically, we found that melanoma cells expressed TLR4 on their surface in vivo and in vitro, and using specific siRNA, we could clearly demonstrate the functional importance of TLR4 in sHA-triggered activation of IL-8 expression in melanoma cells. Furthermore, we also found that sHA treatment enhanced the motility of melanoma cells, an effect that could again be blocked by TLR4-specific siRNA. Together, our results suggest that sHA in melanoma might promote tumor invasiveness by inducing MMP- and cytokine-expression, in part in a TLR4-dependent manner, providing new insights into the relationship between cancer and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Voelcker
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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42
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Gebhardt C, Averbeck M, Viertel A, Kauer F, Saalbach A, Anderegg U, Simon JC. Ultraviolet-B irradiation enhances melanoma cell motility via induction of autocrine interleukin 8 secretion. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:636-43. [PMID: 17620090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be involved in the initiation and progression of malignant melanoma. Many studies have focused on the initiation of melanoma, but less is known about the effect of UVR on established tumor cells. Here, we show that after ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation, melanoma cells (MM) are able to secrete autocrine factors that enhance their motility. Time-lapse videomicroscopy of UVB irradiated (15 or 30 mJ/cm(2)) MM showed an initial decrease in MM cell motility one hour after irradiation, with subsequent increase 24 h after UV-B treatment. Conditioned media harvested from MM 24 h following UV-B irradiation specifically enhanced the motility of un-irradiated MM, suggesting that a newly synthesized soluble factor released by UVB MM is involved. As interleukin 8 (IL-8) is known to be up-regulated by different cell types after UV-B irradiation, we investigated IL-8 expression after UVB exposure. Quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA demonstrated an induction of IL-8 in MM by UVB (15 or 30 mJ/cm(2)), and addition of recombinant IL-8 to cell cultures enhanced cell motility to a similar degree than UVB. Importantly, blocking IL-8 activity by a neutralizing anti IL-8 antibody inhibited the up-regulation of MM motility after UVB treatment. We conclude that UVB enhances MM motility and that this effect is mediated at least in part by IL-8 released by MM in an autocrine fashion. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that UVB is not only involved in the initiation of melanoma, but may also be important for some aspects of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Gebhardt
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Saalbach A, Klein C, Sleeman J, Sack U, Kauer F, Gebhardt C, Averbeck M, Anderegg U, Simon JC. Dermal fibroblasts induce maturation of dendritic cells. J Immunol 2007; 178:4966-74. [PMID: 17404278 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To trigger an effective T cell-mediated immune response in the skin, cutaneous dendritic cells (DC) migrate into locally draining lymph nodes, where they present Ag to naive T cells. Little is known about the interaction of DC with the various cellular microenvironments they encounter during their migration from the skin to lymphoid tissues. In this study, we show that human DC generated from peripheral blood monocytes specifically interact with human dermal fibroblasts via the interaction of beta(2) integrins on DC with Thy-1 (CD90) and ICAM-1 on fibroblasts. This induced the phenotypic maturation of DC reflected by expression of CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR in a TNF-alpha- and ICAM-1-dependent manner. Moreover, fibroblast-matured DC potently induced T cell activation reflected by CD25 expression and enhanced T cell proliferation. Together these data demonstrate that dermal fibroblasts that DC can encounter during their trafficking from skin to lymph node can act as potent regulators of DC differentiation and function, and thus may actively participate in the regulation and outcome of DC-driven cutaneous immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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Twellmann T, Saalbach A, Müller C, Nattkemper TW, Wismüller A. Detection of suspicious lesions in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI data. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2006:454-7. [PMID: 17271711 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnet resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has become an important source of information to aid breast cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, next to the temporal sequence of 3D volume data from the DCE-MRI technique, the radiologist commonly adducts information from other modalities for his final diagnosis. Thus, the diagnosis process is time consuming and tools are required to support the human expert. We investigate an automatic approach that detects the location and delineates the extent of suspicious masses in multi-temporal DCE-MRI data sets. It applies the state-of-the-art support vector machine algorithm to the classification of the short-time series associated with each voxel. The ROC analysis shows an increased specificity in contrast to standard evaluations techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Twellmann
- Appl. Neuroinformatics Group, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld Univ., Germany.
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45
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Miksch G, Bettenworth F, Friehs K, Flaschel E, Saalbach A, Nattkemper TW. A rapid reporter system using GFP as a reporter protein for identification and screening of synthetic stationary-phase promoters in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 70:229-36. [PMID: 16012833 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop a rapid reporter system for the screening of stationary-phase promoters in Escherichia coli, the expression pattern of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) during bacterial cultivation was compared with that of the commonly used beta-galactosidase. Using GFP with enhanced fluorescence, the expression pattern of both reporter systems GFP and beta-galactosidase were similar and showed a typical induction of gene activity of the reporter genes, i.e. increase of expression at the transition from exponential to stationary phase. The expression was affected by the culture medium, i.e. in contrast to the complex medium (LB medium), the stationary-phase specific induction was only observed in synthetic medium (M9) when amino acids were added, whereas there was generally no induction in MOPS medium. To develop a rapid screening method on agar plates for stationary-phase promoters, a photographic approach was used, continued with computational image treatment. A screening method is presented which enables an on-line monitoring of gene activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Miksch
- Lehrstuhl für Fermentationstechnik, Technische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Germany.
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46
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Wetzel A, Wetzig T, Haustein UF, Sticherling M, Anderegg U, Simon JC, Saalbach A. Increased Neutrophil Adherence in Psoriasis: Role of the Human Endothelial Cell Receptor Thy-1 (CD90). J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:441-52. [PMID: 16374458 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory skin disease psoriasis is characterized by prominent skin infiltration by neutrophils and microabscess formation. The adhesion of leukocytes and subsequent transmigration through the activated endothelium is one prerequisite for the accumulation of these cells in skin. In recent studies, the human Thy-1 (CD90) was characterized as an adhesion molecule on activated endothelial cells (ECs) mediating the adhesion of neutrophils via the interaction with the beta2-integrin Mac-1. Based on these novel findings, we compared the roles of Thy-1 and ICAM-1 in the adhesion of neutrophils from patients with psoriasis to activated ECs. The adhesion of peripheral blood neutrophils of patients suffering from psoriasis to Thy-1-transfected cells as well as to activated, Thy-1-expressing human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) is distinctly increased in comparison to the adhesion of neutrophils from healthy controls. In contrast, adherence of psoriatic neutrophils to ICAM-1 transfectants is, if at all, only slightly enhanced compared to healthy controls. The interaction of healthy as well as psoriatic polymorphonuclear cells to Thy-1 transfectants and HDMECs was significantly inhibited by blocking Thy-1 on ECs or its receptor Mac-1 on neutrophils, indicating the importance of this interaction for the adhesion of neutrophils to activated endothelium. In conclusion, our data indicate that the adhesion of neutrophils to activated ECs mediated by Thy-1/Mac-1 interaction is an important attachment mechanism facilitating their subsequent migration into lesional psoriatic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wetzel
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Anderegg U, Breitschwerdt K, Köhler MJ, Sticherling M, Haustein UF, Simon JC, Saalbach A. MEL4B3, a novel mRNA is induced in skin tumors and regulated by TGF-beta and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:709-18. [PMID: 16098131 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-stroma interactions play a decisive role in the growth and metastasis of solid tumors, and involve signalling either by soluble mediators or direct cell-cell interaction. Here, we report the isolation and characterisation of a novel cDNA (MEL4B3), which is induced in cultured dermal fibroblasts exposed to supernatants of melanoma cell lines. MEL4B3 shares high homology with two predicted cDNA sequences for which no activity has so far been described. In situ hybridisation revealed the expression of MEL4B3 in malignant melanoma increasing with tumor depth; in basal cell carcinoma and in squamous cell carcinoma. MEL4B3 was barely detectable in normal skin or non-malignant melanocytic naevi. Furthermore, MEL4B3 was expressed at high level in the epidermis of psoriatic skin. In vitro, the expression of MEL4B3 was found to be induced by the exposure of human dermal fibroblasts to melanoma cell culture supernatants or to transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The expression MEL4B3 therefore reflects closely cell activation occurring during tumor growth, metastasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Anderegg
- Saxon Academy of Science in Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Saalbach A, Wetzel A, Haustein UF, Sticherling M, Simon JC, Anderegg U. Interaction of human Thy-1 (CD 90) with the integrin αvβ3 (CD51/CD61): an important mechanism mediating melanoma cell adhesion to activated endothelium. Oncogene 2005; 24:4710-20. [PMID: 15897908 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the alphavbeta3 integrin (CD51/CD61) on human melanoma cells has been shown to be associated most closely with tumor progression and metastases formation in melanoma. Here, we demonstrated a specific interaction of the alphavbeta3 integrin on melanoma cells with the human Thy-1, an inducible cell adhesion molecule expressed on the cell surface of activated endothelial cells (EC). The interaction was shown by the binding of purified Thy-1 protein to alpha(V)beta(3) transfected cells, to alphavbeta3-expressing melanoma cells and to purified alpha(V)beta(3) integrin. Moreover, melanoma cells adhere specifically to Thy-1 transfectants via alphavbeta3 on melanoma cells showing the functional relevance of this interaction for cell adhesion. Finally, the importance of the alphavbeta3/Thy-1 interaction for the adhesion of melanoma cells to the activated endothelium was confirmed under static and flow conditions by the inhibition of melanoma cell adhesion to and transmigration across activated EC by blocking the alphavbeta3/Thy-1 interaction. In conclusion, we have identified a new pair of adhesion molecules Thy-1 and alphavbeta3 mediating the interaction of melanoma cells and activated EC. These data explain at least in part the high tumorigenicity of alphavbeta3-expressing melanoma cells and the association of alphavbeta3-positive melanoma cells with a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis.
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Briest W, Homagk L, Rassler B, Ziegelhöffer-Mihalovicová B, Meier H, Tannapfel A, Leiblein S, Saalbach A, Deten A, Zimmer HG. Norepinephrine-induced changes in cardiac transforming growth factor-beta isoform expression pattern of female and male rats. Hypertension 2004; 44:410-8. [PMID: 15326086 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000141414.87026.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a ubiquitous growth-regulating protein with an essential role in tissue repair and formation of extracellular matrix (ECM). To better understand the role of different isoforms of TGF-beta in the cardiac remodeling process induced by norepinephrine (NE), the expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 was studied and compared with the expression of collagen. NE (0.1 mg/kg. h) was intravenously infused in female and male Sprague-Dawley rats for several time periods, and freshly obtained ventricular myocardium after 1 day was dissociated into myocyte and nonmyocyte fractions. Prazosin (0.1 mg/kg x h) and metoprolol (1 mg/kg. h) were used to block alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors, respectively. After NE infusion, the three isoforms of TGF-beta were differentially induced as far as the magnitude and the time course is concerned. The increased expression of TGF-beta2 started earlier with a maximum after 12 hours and was more pronounced (10-fold elevation) than that of the other two isoforms, with a clear specificity for the left ventricle in female hearts. This specificity was also seen in male rats with 16-fold elevation of TGF-beta2 after 1 day of NE-stimulation. The increase of TGF-beta2 was significant only in the myocyte fraction obtained from female as well as from male hearts. The expression of the mRNA of all TGF-beta isoforms of collagen type I and type III, and of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and its inhibitor TIMP-2 was reduced predominantly by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin. The increase in TGF-beta isoforms correlated with that of the mRNA expression of collagens, MMP-2 and TIMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Briest
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Hollborn M, Birkenmeier G, Saalbach A, Iandiev I, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Kohen L. Expression of LRP1 in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Its Regulation by Growth Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 45:2033-8. [PMID: 15161872 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are mitotically inactive under normal conditions, but play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Triggered by changes in the concentrations of growth factors, RPE cells reenter the cell cycle, proliferate, and migrate onto the retinal surface, into the subretinal space, and into the vitreous. The receptor for alpha(2)-macroglobulin (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein [LRP1], or CD91) is known to be involved in the processes of cell migration and invasion, as well as in the regulation of growth factor homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of this receptor and its regulation, at the protein and mRNA levels, in human (h)RPE cells. METHODS The cell surface expression of the receptor was studied by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The endocytosis-related activity of LRP1 in hRPE cells was examined by assessing the uptake of FITC-labeled, methylamine (MA)-treated alpha(2)-M (alpha(2)-M-MA). LRP1 mRNA expression was analyzed by means of the RNase protection assay (RPA) after the hRPE cells were stimulated with the growth factors TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, PDGF, VEGF (each 10 ng/mL), or bFGF (5 ng/mL). RESULTS hRPE cells expressed LRP1 on their cell surface. The receptor mediated rapid binding and endocytosis of FITC-labeled alpha(2)-M-MA. The expression of LRP1 mRNA strongly increased on stimulation of the cells with TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, or VEGF, whereas PDGF or bFGF elicited only minor effects. CONCLUSIONS The expression of functionally active LRP1 in hRPE cells suggests that the receptor may be involved in cell migration and invasion, as reported for other LRP1-expressing cells. Thus, certain growth factors may control RPE cell migration and invasion in vivo through a regulation of LRP1 expression. As LRP1 mediates the clearance of alpha(2)-M, known to regulate the homeostasis of many cytokines and growth factors, this receptor may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention in PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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