1
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Rafaqat S, Radoman-Vujačić I, Patoulias D, Khurshid H, Klisić A. Adipokines and their role in acute pancreatitis. J Med Biochem 2024; 43:512-527. [PMID: 39139157 PMCID: PMC11318933 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-47515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by an inflammatory response that leads to edema and haemorrhaging of pancreatic tissue. In severe cases, it can even result in the necrosis of pancreatic tissue following activation within the pancreas. Adipokines are biologically active molecules released by adipose tissue that have a wide-ranging impact on health and disease. Adipokines are cytokines produced not only in white adipose tissue but also in the fat surrounding the pancreas, and they play a role in the body's inflammatory response. The presence of increased adipose tissue, often associated with obesity, has been linked to a heightened systemic inflammatory response in cases of AP. According to the literature, there are many adipokines. This article summarizes the role of adipokines in AP. Adipokines could be promising biomarkers for both diagnostic and new therapeutic treatment strategies in AP. However, a deeper knowledge of the signaling pathways of adipokines and their potential therapeutic role in AP is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Rafaqat
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Irena Radoman-Vujačić
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Department of Internal Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "Hippokration", Second Department of Cardiology, Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Huma Khurshid
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Aleksandra Klisić
- Primary Health Care Center, Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Podgorica, Montenegro
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2
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Kolb M, Crestani B, Maher TM. Phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition: a potential novel strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220206. [PMID: 36813290 PMCID: PMC9949383 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0206-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment. Current therapies slow, but do not reverse or stop, disease progression and are associated with side-effects that can cause treatment delay or discontinuation. Most crucially, mortality remains high. There is an unmet need for more efficacious and better-tolerated and -targeted treatments for pulmonary fibrosis. Pan-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been investigated in respiratory conditions. However, the use of oral inhibitors can be complicated due to class-related systemic adverse events, including diarrhoea and headaches. The PDE4B subtype, which has an important role in inflammation and fibrosis, has been identified in the lungs. Preferentially targeting PDE4B has the potential to drive anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects via a subsequent increase in cAMP, but with improved tolerability. Phase I and II trials of a novel PDE4B inhibitor in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have shown promising results, stabilising pulmonary function measured by change in forced vital capacity from baseline, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Further research into the efficacy and safety of PDE4B inhibitors in larger patient populations and for a longer treatment period is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France,INSERM, Unité 1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Toby M. Maher
- Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Corresponding author: Toby M. Maher ()
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3
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Campbell JE, Beaudry JL, Svendsen B, Baggio LL, Gordon AN, Ussher JR, Wong CK, Gribble FM, D’Alessio DA, Reimann F, Drucker DJ. GIPR Is Predominantly Localized to Nonadipocyte Cell Types Within White Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2022; 71:1115-1127. [PMID: 35192688 PMCID: PMC7612781 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion through its receptor expressed on islet β-cells. GIP also acts on adipose tissue; yet paradoxically, both enhanced and reduced GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling reduce adipose tissue mass and attenuate weight gain in response to nutrient excess. Moreover, the precise cellular localization of GIPR expression within white adipose tissue (WAT) remains uncertain. We used mouse genetics to target Gipr expression within adipocytes. Surprisingly, targeting Cre expression to adipocytes using the adiponectin (Adipoq) promoter did not produce meaningful reduction of WAT Gipr expression in Adipoq-Cre:Giprflx/flx mice. In contrast, adenoviral expression of Cre under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter, or transgenic expression of Cre using nonadipocyte-selective promoters (Ap2/Fabp4 and Ubc) markedly attenuated WAT Gipr expression. Analysis of single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, adipose tissue data sets localized Gipr/GIPR expression predominantly to pericytes and mesothelial cells rather than to adipocytes. Together, these observations reveal that adipocytes are not the major GIPR+ cell type within WAT-findings with mechanistic implications for understanding how GIP and GIP-based co-agonists control adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Campbell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Corresponding authors: Jonathan E. Campbell, , or Daniel J. Drucker,
| | - Jacqueline L. Beaudry
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berit Svendsen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Laurie L. Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew N. Gordon
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - John R. Ussher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi Kin Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David A. D’Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Daniel J. Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding authors: Jonathan E. Campbell, , or Daniel J. Drucker,
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4
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He X. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and tissue inflammation: Implications for atherogenic cardiovascular disease. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has pleiotropic actions on pancreatic endocrine function, adipose tissue lipid metabolism, and skeletal calcium metabolism. Recent data indicate a potential new role for GIP in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on the emerging literature that highlights GIP’s role in inflammation—an established process in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In vasculature tissue, GIP may reduce concentrations of circulating inflammatory cytokines, attenuate vascular endothelial inflammation, and directly limit atherosclerotic vascular damage. Important to recognize is that evidence exists to support both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of GIP even within the same tissue/cell type. Therefore, future study designs must account for factors such as model heterogeneity, physiological relevance of doses/exposures, potential indirect effects on inflammatory pathways, and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) agonist form. Elucidating the specific effects of enhanced GIP signaling in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis is crucial given the existing widespread use of DPP4 inhibitors and the emergence of dual-incretin receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, China
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5
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Osteopontin: The Molecular Bridge between Fat and Cardiac-Renal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155568. [PMID: 32759639 PMCID: PMC7432729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifaceted matricellular protein, with well-recognized roles in both the physiological and pathological processes in the body. OPN is expressed in the main organs and cell types, in which it induces different biological actions. During physiological conditioning, OPN acts as both an intracellular protein and soluble excreted cytokine, regulating tissue remodeling and immune-infiltrate in adipose tissue the heart and the kidney. In contrast, the increased expression of OPN has been correlated with the severity of the cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with obesity. Indeed, OPN expression is at the “cross roads” of visceral fat extension, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal disorders, in which OPN orchestrates the molecular interactions, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. The common factor associated with OPN overexpression in adipose, cardiac and renal tissues seems attributable to the concomitant increase in visceral fat size and the increase in infiltrated OPN+ macrophages. This review underlines the current knowledge on the molecular interactions between obesity and the cardiac–renal disorders ruled by OPN.
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6
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Thondam SK, Cuthbertson DJ, Wilding JPH. The influence of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) on human adipose tissue and fat metabolism: Implications for obesity, type 2 diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Peptides 2020; 125:170208. [PMID: 31759125 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide (GLP-1) are the two incretin hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine system in response to nutrient ingestion. Compared with GLP-1, GIP is less well studied as a hormone or as a potential pharmacological treatment. Beyond its insulinotropic effects in the pancreas, GIP has important biological actions in many other tissues but its role in dietary fat metabolism and lipid storage in adipose tissue has been most studied. It is still unclear if such effects of GIP on adipose tissue/fat metabolism are protective or deleterious in the long term. Antagonising GIP actions through genetic and chemical disruption in mice models prevented diet induced obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. Whilst such effects of GIP antagonism are yet to be evaluated in humans, recent studies using combined GIP and GLP-1 agonists have shown weight reduction and improved glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therapeutic manipulation of GIP physiology is intriguing in that both agonists and antagonists of GIP are being investigated to explore their potential weight-reducing and other metabolic benefits in people with obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review will discuss the physiological effects of GIP on fat metabolism in human adipose and other non-adipose tissues such as liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle and heart, describe where the actions of GIP may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD and finally describe the therapeutic implications of GIP antagonism and agonism in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan K Thondam
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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7
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GIP as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041509. [PMID: 32098413 PMCID: PMC7073149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are gut hormones that are secreted from enteroendocrine L cells and K cells in response to digested nutrients, respectively. They are also referred to incretin for their ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GLP-1 exerts anorexic effects via its actions in the central nervous system. Since native incretin is rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), DPP-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and DPP-4 inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as incretin-based therapy. These new-class agents have superiority to classical oral hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas because of their low risks for hypoglycemia and body weight gain. In addition, a number of preclinical studies have shown the cardioprotective properties of incretin-based therapy, whose findings are further supported by several randomized clinical trials. Indeed, GLP-1RA has been significantly shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of GIP in cardiovascular disease remains to be elucidated. Recently, pharmacological doses of GIP receptor agonists (GIPRAs) have been found to exert anti-obesity effects in animal models. These observations suggest that combination therapy of GLP-1R and GIPR may induce superior metabolic and anti-diabetic effects compared with each agonist individually. Clinical trials with GLP-1R/GIPR dual agonists are ongoing in diabetic patients. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the cardiovascular effects of GIP and GIPRAs in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans.
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8
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Beaudry JL, Drucker DJ. Proglucagon-Derived Peptides, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4-Mechanisms of Action in Adipose Tissue. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5648010. [PMID: 31782955 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) and related gut hormones exemplified by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate energy disposal and storage through actions on metabolically sensitive organs, including adipose tissue. The actions of glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2, GIP, and their rate-limiting enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, include direct and indirect regulation of islet hormone secretion, food intake, body weight, all contributing to control of white and brown adipose tissue activity. Moreover, agents mimicking actions of these peptides are in use for the therapy of metabolic disorders with disordered energy homeostasis such as diabetes, obesity, and intestinal failure. Here we highlight current concepts and mechanisms for direct and indirect actions of these peptides on adipose tissue depots. The available data highlight the importance of indirect peptide actions for control of adipose tissue biology, consistent with the very low level of endogenous peptide receptor expression within white and brown adipose tissue depots. Finally, we discuss limitations and challenges for the interpretation of available experimental observations, coupled to identification of enduring concepts supported by more robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Beaudry
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
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9
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Del Cornò M, Baldassarre A, Calura E, Conti L, Martini P, Romualdi C, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, D'Archivio M, Masotti A, Gessani S. Transcriptome Profiles of Human Visceral Adipocytes in Obesity and Colorectal Cancer Unravel the Effects of Body Mass Index and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Genes and Biological Processes Related to Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:265. [PMID: 30838002 PMCID: PMC6389660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a low-grade inflammatory condition, represents a major risk factor for the development of several pathologies including colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the adipose tissue inflammatory state is now recognized as a key player in obesity-associated morbidities, the underlying biological processes are complex and not yet precisely defined. To this end, we analyzed transcriptome profiles of human visceral adipocytes from lean and obese subjects affected or not by CRC by RNA sequencing (n = 6 subjects/category), and validated selected modulated genes by real-time qPCR. We report that obesity and CRC, conditions characterized by the common denominator of inflammation, promote changes in the transcriptional program of adipocytes mostly involving pathways and biological processes linked to extracellular matrix remodeling, and metabolism of pyruvate, lipids and glucose. Interestingly, although the transcriptome of adipocytes shows several alterations that are common to both disorders, some modifications are unique under obesity (e.g., pathways associated with inflammation) and CRC (e.g., TGFβ signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling) and are influenced by the body mass index (e.g., processes related to cell adhesion, angiogenesis, as well as metabolism). Indeed, cancer-induced transcriptional program is deeply affected by obesity, with adipocytes from obese individuals exhibiting a more complex response to the tumor. We also report that in vitro exposure of adipocytes to ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) endowed with either anti- or pro-inflammatory properties, respectively, modulates the expression of genes involved in processes potentially relevant to carcinogenesis, as assessed by real-time qPCR. All together our results suggest that genes involved in pyruvate, glucose and lipid metabolism, fibrosis and inflammation are central in the transcriptional reprogramming of adipocytes occurring in obese and CRC-affected individuals, as well as in their response to PUFA exposure. Moreover, our results indicate that the transcriptional program of adipocytes is strongly influenced by the BMI status in CRC subjects. The dysregulation of these interrelated processes relevant for adipocyte functions may contribute to create more favorable conditions to tumor establishment or favor tumor progression, thus linking obesity and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrica Calura
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Varì
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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10
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Icer MA, Gezmen-Karadag M. The multiple functions and mechanisms of osteopontin. Clin Biochem 2018; 59:17-24. [PMID: 30003880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycophosphoprotein having acidic characteristics and rich in aspartic acid. OPN, a multifunctional protein, has important functions on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and kidney stone diseases and in the process of inflammation, biomineralization, cell viability and wound healing. Osteopontin acts on organisms by playing a key role in secretion levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), integrin αvB3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), macrophage and T cells, regulating the osteoclast function and affecting CD44 receptors. The aim of the present review is to address majority of different functions of OPN protein which are known, suspected or suggested through the data obtained about this protein yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Berglund LM, Lyssenko V, Ladenvall C, Kotova O, Edsfeldt A, Pilgaard K, Alkayyali S, Brøns C, Forsblom C, Jonsson A, Zetterqvist AV, Nitulescu M, McDavitt CR, Dunér P, Stancáková A, Kuusisto J, Ahlqvist E, Lajer M, Tarnow L, Madsbad S, Rossing P, Kieffer TJ, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson P, Groop PH, Vaag A, Lindblad B, Gottsäter A, Laakso M, Goncalves I, Groop L, Gomez MF. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Stimulates Osteopontin Expression in the Vasculature via Endothelin-1 and CREB. Diabetes 2016; 65:239-54. [PMID: 26395740 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone with extrapancreatic effects beyond glycemic control. Here we demonstrate unexpected effects of GIP signaling in the vasculature. GIP induces the expression of the proatherogenic cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in mouse arteries via local release of endothelin-1 and activation of CREB. Infusion of GIP increases plasma OPN concentrations in healthy individuals. Plasma endothelin-1 and OPN concentrations are positively correlated in patients with critical limb ischemia. Fasting GIP concentrations are higher in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke) when compared with control subjects. GIP receptor (GIPR) and OPN mRNA levels are higher in carotid endarterectomies from patients with symptoms (stroke, transient ischemic attacks, amaurosis fugax) than in asymptomatic patients, and expression associates with parameters that are characteristic of unstable and inflammatory plaques (increased lipid accumulation, macrophage infiltration, and reduced smooth muscle cell content). While GIPR expression is predominantly endothelial in healthy arteries from humans, mice, rats, and pigs, remarkable upregulation is observed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells upon culture conditions, yielding a "vascular disease-like" phenotype. Moreover, the common variant rs10423928 in the GIPR gene is associated with increased risk of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Blotting, Western
- Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Arteries/cytology
- Case-Control Studies
- Coronary Vessels/cytology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microvessels/cytology
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Peripheral Arterial Disease/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/genetics
- Stroke/complications
- Stroke/genetics
- Stroke/metabolism
- Sus scrofa
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olga Kotova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sami Alkayyali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Pontus Dunér
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alena Stancáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Lajer
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark HEALTH University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark HEALTH University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria F Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Comparative analysis of maple syrup to other natural sweeteners and evaluation of their metabolic responses in healthy rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Azevedo MF, Faucz FR, Bimpaki E, Horvath A, Levy I, de Alexandre RB, Ahmad F, Manganiello V, Stratakis CA. Clinical and molecular genetics of the phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Endocr Rev 2014; 35:195-233. [PMID: 24311737 PMCID: PMC3963262 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They are critical regulators of the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP as well as of their signaling pathways and downstream biological effects. PDEs have been exploited pharmacologically for more than half a century, and some of the most successful drugs worldwide today affect PDE function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified as causative of certain human genetic diseases; even more recently, functional variants of PDE genes have been suggested to play a potential role in predisposition to tumors and/or cancer, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. Mouse models have been developed that point to wide developmental effects of PDEs from heart function to reproduction, to tumors, and beyond. This review brings together knowledge from a variety of disciplines (biochemistry and pharmacology, oncology, endocrinology, and reproductive sciences) with emphasis on recent research on PDEs, how PDEs affect cAMP and cGMP signaling in health and disease, and what pharmacological exploitations of PDEs may be useful in modulating cyclic nucleotide signaling in a way that prevents or treats certain human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa F Azevedo
- Section on Endocrinology Genetics (M.F.A., F.R.F., E.B., A.H., I.L., R.B.d.A., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Section of Endocrinology (M.F.A.), University Hospital of Brasilia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70840-901, Brazil; Group for Advanced Molecular Investigation (F.R.F., R.B.d.A.), Graduate Program in Health Science, Medical School, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch (F.A., V.M.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program (C.A.S.), NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Osteopontin: A novel regulator at the cross roads of inflammation, obesity and diabetes. Mol Metab 2014; 3:384-93. [PMID: 24944898 PMCID: PMC4060362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first description more than 20 years ago osteopontin has emerged as an active player in many physiological and pathological processes, including biomineralization, tissue remodeling and inflammation. As an extracellular matrix protein and proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin is thought to facilitate the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and to mediate cytokine secretion in leukocytes. Modulation of immune cell response by osteopontin has been associated with various inflammatory diseases and may play a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here we summarize recent findings on the role of osteopontin in metabolic disorders, particularly focusing on diabetes and obesity.
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Rega-Kaun G, Kaun C, Wojta J. More than a simple storage organ: adipose tissue as a source of adipokines involved in cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:641-50. [PMID: 23846791 DOI: 10.1160/th13-03-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in many countries have developed into a serious health problem by themselves and by their impact on other pathologies such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and cancer. The modulation of these diseases by adipose tissue-derived biomolecules, so-called adipokines, could be the key to differentiate between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. This review will discuss the pathophysiological role of selected adipokines, primarily focusing on cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight possible therapeutic approaches, which target these biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gersina Rega-Kaun
- Johann Wojta, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Tel.: +43 1 40400 73500, Fax: +43 1 40400 73586, E-mail:
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Nystoriak MA, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Capturing single L-type Ca(2+) channel function with optics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:1657-64. [PMID: 23124113 PMCID: PMC3574202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in imaging technology have allowed optical analysis of Ca(2+)-permeable ion channel activity. Here, we briefly review novel developments in optical recording of L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (LTCC) function with high spatial and temporal resolution. Underlying principles supporting the use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy for optical measurement of channel activity and new functional characteristics of LTCCs revealed by application of this approach are discussed. Visualization of Ca(2+) influx through single LTCCs ("LTCC sparklets") has demonstrated that channel activity is regionally heterogeneous and that clustered channels are capable of operating in a cooperative, or "coupled" manner. In light of these findings, we describe a current molecular model for the local control of LTCC activity and coupled gating in physiological and pathological contexts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Ahlqvist E, Osmark P, Kuulasmaa T, Pilgaard K, Omar B, Brøns C, Kotova O, Zetterqvist AV, Stančáková A, Jonsson A, Hansson O, Kuusisto J, Kieffer TJ, Tuomi T, Isomaa B, Madsbad S, Gomez MF, Poulsen P, Laakso M, Degerman E, Pihlajamäki J, Wierup N, Vaag A, Groop L, Lyssenko V. Link between GIP and osteopontin in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2013; 62:2088-94. [PMID: 23349498 PMCID: PMC3661641 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation in obesity is associated with accumulation of the macrophage-derived cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in adipose tissue and induction of local as well as systemic insulin resistance. Since glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a strong stimulator of adipogenesis and may play a role in the development of obesity, we explored whether GIP directly would stimulate OPN expression in adipose tissue and thereby induce insulin resistance. GIP stimulated OPN protein expression in a dose-dependent fashion in rat primary adipocytes. The level of OPN mRNA was higher in adipose tissue of obese individuals (0.13 ± 0.04 vs. 0.04 ± 0.01, P < 0.05) and correlated inversely with measures of insulin sensitivity (r = -0.24, P = 0.001). A common variant of the GIP receptor (GIPR) (rs10423928) gene was associated with a lower amount of the exon 9-containing isoform required for transmembrane activity. Carriers of the A allele with a reduced receptor function showed lower adipose tissue OPN mRNA levels and better insulin sensitivity. Together, these data suggest a role for GIP not only as an incretin hormone but also as a trigger of inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Carriers of the GIPR rs10423928 A allele showed protective properties via reduced GIP effects. Identification of this unprecedented link between GIP and OPN in adipose tissue might open new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Osmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiina Kuulasmaa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Bilal Omar
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Olga Kotova
- Vascular ET-Coupling, Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna V. Zetterqvist
- Vascular ET-Coupling, Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timothy J. Kieffer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Research Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria F. Gomez
- Vascular ET-Coupling, Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eva Degerman
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nils Wierup
- Unit of Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet and Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Valeriya Lyssenko,
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Juanola-Falgarona M, Salas-Salvadó J, Estruch R, Portillo MP, Casas R, Miranda J, Martínez-González MA, Bulló M. Association between dietary phylloquinone intake and peripheral metabolic risk markers related to insulin resistance and diabetes in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:7. [PMID: 23298335 PMCID: PMC3558443 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin K has been related to glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and diabetes. Because inflammation underlies all these metabolic conditions, it is plausible that the potential role of vitamin K in glucose metabolism occurs through the modulation of cytokines and related molecules. The purpose of the study was to assess the associations between dietary intake of vitamin K and peripheral adipokines and other metabolic risk markers related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments of these associations in 510 elderly participants recruited in the PREDIMED centers of Reus and Barcelona (Spain). We determined 1-year changes in dietary phylloquinone intake estimated by food frequency questionnaires, serum inflammatory cytokines and other metabolic risk markers. Results In the cross-sectional analysis at baseline no significant associations were found between dietary phylloquinone intake and the rest of metabolic risk markers evaluated, with exception of a negative association with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. After 1-year of follow-up, subjects in the upper tertile of changes in dietary phylloquinone intake showed a greater reduction in ghrelin (−15.0%), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (−12.9%), glucagon-like peptide-1 (−17.6%), IL-6 (−27.9%), leptin (−10.3%), TNF (−26.9%) and visfatin (−24.9%) plasma concentrations than those in the lowest tertile (all p<0.05). Conclusion These results show that dietary phylloquinone intake is associated with an improvement of cytokines and other markers related to insulin resistance and diabetes, thus extending the potential protection by dietary phylloquinone on chronic inflammatory diseases. Trial registration http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639
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