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An YQ, Qin ZT, Li DD, Zhao RQ, Bi BS, Wang DW, Ma DJ, Xi Z. The combined formulation of brassinolide and pyraclostrobin increases biomass and seed yield by improving photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138563. [PMID: 37063198 PMCID: PMC10090558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global food crisis, applying the phytohormone-brassinosteroids (BRs) in combination with the fungicide-pyraclostrobin (Pyr) was beneficial for plant quality and productivity in several field trials. However, in addition to the benefits of disease control due to the innate fungicidal activity of Pyr, it remains to be understood whether the coapplication of BL+ Pyr exerts additional growth-promoting effects. For this purpose, the effects of BL treatment, Pyr treatment, and BL+ Pyr treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana were compared. The results showed that the yield increased at a rate of 25.6% in the BL+Pyr group and 9.7% in the BL group, but no significant change was observed in the Pyr group. Furthermore, the BL+Pyr treatment increased the fresh weight of both the leaves and the inflorescences. In contrast, the Pyr and BL treatments only increased the fresh weight of leaves and inflorescences, respectively. Additionally, the BL + Pyr treatment increased the Pn, Gs, Tr, Vc, max, Jmax, VTPU, ETR, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSII, Rd, AYE and Rubisco enzyme activity by 26%, 38%, 40%, 16%, 19%, 15%, 9%, 10%, 17%, 179%, 18% and 32%, respectively. While, these paraments did not change significantly by the BL or Pyr treatments. Treatment with BL + Pyr and Pyr, rather than BL, improved the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents by upregulating genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis and downregulating genes related to chlorophyll degradation. Additionally, according to transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, the BL+ Pyr treatment outperformed the individual BL or Pyr treatments in activating the transcription of genes involved in photosynthesis and increasing sugar accumulation. Our results first validated that the combined usage of BL and Pyr exerted striking synergistic effects on enhancing plant biomass and yield by increasing photosynthetic efficiency. These results might provide new understanding for the agricultural effects by the co-application of BL and Pyr, and it might stimulate the efforts to develop new environment-friendly replacement for Pyr to minimize the ecotoxicology of Pyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi An
- *Correspondence: Ya-Qi An, ; Zhen Xi,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Xi
- *Correspondence: Ya-Qi An, ; Zhen Xi,
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Bao YQ, Zhang MT, Feng BY, Jieensi W, Xu Y, Xu LR, Han YY, Chen YP. Construction, Characterization, and Application of an Ammonium Transporter (AmtB) Deletion Mutant of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans GXGL-4A in Cucumis sativus L. Seedlings. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:58. [PMID: 36588112 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an important factor affecting crop yield, but excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has caused decline in nitrogen utilization and soil and water pollution. Reducing the utilization of chemical nitrogen fertilizers by biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is feasible for green production of crops. However, there are few reports on how to have more ammonium produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) flow outside the cell. In the present study, the amtB gene encoding an ammonium transporter (AmtB) in the genome of NFB strain Kosakonia radicincitans GXGL-4A was deleted and the △amtB mutant was characterized. The results showed that deletion of the amtB gene had no influence on the growth of bacterial cells. The extracellular ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) content of the △amtB mutant under nitrogen-free culture conditions was significantly higher than that of the wild-type strain GXGL-4A (WT-GXGL-4A), suggesting disruption of NH4+ transport. Meanwhile, the plant growth-promoting effect in cucumber seedlings was visualized after fertilization using cells of the △amtB mutant. NFB fertilization continuously increased the cucumber rhizosphere soil pH. The nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) content in soil in the △amtB treatment group was significantly higher than that in the WT-GXGL-4A treatment group in the short term but there was no difference in soil NH4+ contents between groups. Soil enzymatic activities varied during a 45-day assessment period, indicating that △amtB fertilization influenced soil nitrogen cycling in the cucumber rhizosphere. The results will provide a solid foundation for developing the NFB GXGL-4A into an efficient biofertilizer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Bao
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bao-Yun Feng
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wulale Jieensi
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lu-Rong Xu
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying-Ying Han
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yun-Peng Chen
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Research Station, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Sharma I, Kaur N, Pati PK. Brassinosteroids: A Promising Option in Deciphering Remedial Strategies for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2151. [PMID: 29326745 PMCID: PMC5742319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important staple crop as it feeds about a half of the earth's population. It is known to be sensitive to a range of abiotic stresses which result in significant decline in crop productivity. Recently, the use of phytohormones for abiotic stress amelioration has generated considerable interest. Plants adapt to various environmental stresses by undergoing series of changes at physiological and molecular levels which are cooperatively modulated by various phytohormones. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of naturally occurring steroidal phytohormones, best known for their role in plant growth and development. For the past two decades, greater emphasis on studies related to BRs biosynthesis, distribution and signaling has resulted in better understanding of BRs function. Recent advances in the use of contemporary genetic, biochemical and proteomic tools, with a vast array of accessible biological resources has led to an extensive exploration of the key regulatory components in BR signaling networks, thus making it one of the most well-studied hormonal pathways in plants. The present review highlights the advancements of knowledge in BR research and links it with its growing potential in abiotic stress management for important crop like rice.
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Li X, Ahammed GJ, Li ZX, Zhang L, Wei JP, Shen C, Yan P, Zhang LP, Han WY. Brassinosteroids Improve Quality of Summer Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) by Balancing Biosynthesis of Polyphenols and Amino Acids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1304. [PMID: 27625668 PMCID: PMC5003824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Summer grown green tea is less popular due to bitterness and high astringency, which are attributed to high levels of tea polyphenols (TP) and low levels of amino acids (AA) in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.). Brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of steroidal plant hormones can regulate primary and secondary metabolism in a range of plant species under both normal and stress conditions. However, specific effects of BRs on the photosynthesis of tea plants and the quality of summer green tea are largely unknown. Here we show that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a bioactive BR, promoted photosynthesis in tea plants in a concentration-dependent manner. Stimulation in photosynthesis by EBR resulted in an increased summer tea yield. Although all tested concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm) of EBR increased concentrations of TP and AA, a moderate concentration (0.5 ppm) caused the highest decrease in TP to AA ratio, an important feature of quality tea. Time-course analysis using 0.5 ppm EBR as foliar spray revealed that TP or AA concentration increased as early as 3 h after EBR application, reaching the highest peak at 24 h and that remained more or less stable. Importantly, such changes in TP and AA concentration by EBR resulted in a remarkably decreased but stable TP to AA ratio at 24 h and onward. Furthermore, concentrations of catechins and theanine increased, while that of caffeine remained unaltered following treatment with EBR. EBR improved activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and glutamine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) enzymes involved in catechins and theanine biosynthesis, respectively. Transcript analysis revealed that transcript levels of CsPAL and CsGS peaked as early as 6 h, while that of CsGOGAT peaked at 12 h following application of EBR, implying that EBR increased the concentration of TP and AA by inducing their biosynthesis. These results suggest a positive role of BR in enhancing green tea quality, which might have potential implication in improving quality of summer tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Yan Han, Xin Li,
| | - Golam J. Ahammed
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Yan Han, Xin Li,
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Cheng F, Zhou YH, Xia XJ, Shi K, Zhou J, Yu JQ. Chloroplastic thioredoxin-f and thioredoxin-m1/4 play important roles in brassinosteroids-induced changes in CO2 assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4335-47. [PMID: 24847092 PMCID: PMC4112637 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutathione function as redox messengers in the regulation of photosynthesis. In this work, the roles of chloroplast TRXs in brassinosteroids (BRs)-induced changes in cellular redox homeostasis and CO2 assimilation were studied in the leaves of tomato plants. BRs-deficient d (^im) plants showed decreased transcripts of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-x, while exogenous BRs significantly induced CO2 assimilation and the expression of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-x. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the chloroplast TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-y genes individually increased membrane lipid peroxidation and accumulation of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin dimers, and decreased the activities of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in the leaves. Furthermore, partial silencing of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-y resulted in decreased expression of genes involved in the Benson-Calvin cycle and decreased activity of the associated enzymes. Importantly, the BRs-induced increase in CO2 assimilation and the increased expression and activities of antioxidant- and photosynthesis-related genes and enzymes were compromised in the partially TRX-f- and TRX-m1/4-silenced plants. All of these results suggest that TRX-f and TRX-m1/4 are involved in the BRs-induced changes in CO2 assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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Rothová O, Holá D, Kočová M, Tůmová L, Hnilička F, Hniličková H, Kamlar M, Macek T. 24-epibrassinolide and 20-hydroxyecdysone affect photosynthesis differently in maize and spinach. Steroids 2014; 85:44-57. [PMID: 24769061 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to examine the effect of brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide; 24E) and ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone; 20E) on various parts of primary photosynthetic processes in maize and spinach. Additionally, the effect of steroids on gaseous exchange, pigment content and biomass accumulation was studied. The efficiency of the photosynthetic whole electron-transport chain responded negatively to the 24E or 20E treatment in both species, but there were interspecific differences regarding Photosystem (PS) II response. A positive effect on its oxygen-evolving complex and a slightly better energetical connectivity between PSII units were observed in maize whereas the opposite was true for spinach. The size of the pool of the PSI end electron acceptors was usually diminished due to 24E or 20E treatment. The treatment of plants with 24E or 20E applied individually positively influenced the content of photosynthetic pigments in maize (not in spinach). On the other hand, it did not affect gaseous exchange in maize but resulted in its reduction in spinach. Plants treated with combination of both steroids mostly did not significantly differ from the control plants. We have demonstrated for the first time that 20E applied in low (10nM) concentration can affect various parts of photosynthetic processes similarly to 24E and that brassinosteroids regulate not only PSII but also other parts of the photosynthetic electron transport chain - but not necessarily in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rothová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Holá
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Kočová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Tůmová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - František Hnilička
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hniličková
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kamlar
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Macek
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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